TY - JOUR A1 - Zippelius, Andreas A1 - Mohd, Zubair Akhtar A1 - Schmid, Maximilian A1 - Elger, Gordon T1 - Comparison of different Input data for the prediction of LED solder joints using Artificial Neural Networks JF - IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability N2 - Scarcity of raw data is a major issue for applying data driven methods to reliability prediction, so making the best use of what is available is critical. This paper studies how different aspects of measurement data can be used best. Specifically, the reliability of the solder joint of LED packages is predicted based on Transient Thermal Analysis and Scanning Acoustic Microscopy data from a large measurement campaign. The impact of using full temporal information vs measurements at individual datapoints is investigated as well as the benefit of including the SAM data, and different ways of presenting the TTA information, either as a full curve or as expert-selected features. The impact of formatting categorical information of solder and LED package type as one-hot encoding or using embeddings is considered. Finally, the performance for Pass/Fail predictions of the best identified model with a model architecture developed on a similar dataset is compared. We identified the most relevant sources of information for predicting the behavior and the best format for the data, which helps guide the choice for future model architectures. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TDMR.2025.3633876 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TDMR.2025.3633876 SN - 1558-2574 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - INPR A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Stathonikos, Nikolas A1 - Donovan, Taryn A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Ammeling, Jonas A1 - Wilm, Frauke A1 - Veta, Mitko A1 - Jabari, Samir A1 - Eckstein, Markus A1 - Annuscheit, Jonas A1 - Krumnow, Christian A1 - Bozaba, Engin A1 - Cayir, Sercan A1 - Gu, Hongyan A1 - Chen, Xiang A1 - Jahanifar, Mostafa A1 - Shephard, Adam A1 - Kondo, Satoshi A1 - Kasai, Satoshi A1 - Kotte, Sujatha A1 - Saipradeep, Vangala A1 - Lafarge, Maxime W. A1 - Koelzer, Viktor H. A1 - Wang, Ziyue A1 - Zhang, Yongbing A1 - Yang, Sen A1 - Wang, Xiyue A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Bertram, Christof T1 - Domain generalization across tumor types, laboratories, and species – Insights from the 2022 edition of the Mitosis Domain Generalization Challenge N2 - Recognition of mitotic figures in histologic tumor specimens is highly relevant to patient outcome assessment. This task is challenging for algorithms and human experts alike, with deterioration of algorithmic performance under shifts in image representations. Considerable covariate shifts occur when assessment is performed on different tumor types, images are acquired using different digitization devices, or specimens are produced in different laboratories. This observation motivated the inception of the 2022 challenge on MItosis Domain Generalization (MIDOG 2022). The challenge provided annotated histologic tumor images from six different domains and evaluated the algorithmic approaches for mitotic figure detection provided by nine challenge participants on ten independent domains. Ground truth for mitotic figure detection was established in two ways: a three-expert consensus and an independent, immunohistochemistry-assisted set of labels. This work represents an overview of the challenge tasks, the algorithmic strategies employed by the participants, and potential factors contributing to their success. With an F1 score of 0.764 for the top-performing team, we summarize that domain generalization across various tumor domains is possible with today's deep learning-based recognition pipelines. When assessed against the immunohistochemistry-assisted reference standard, all methods resulted in reduced recall scores, but with only minor changes in the order of participants in the ranking. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.15589 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.15589 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-41514 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER - TY - INPR A1 - Haghofer, Andreas A1 - Parlak, Eda A1 - Bartel, Alexander A1 - Donovan, Taryn A1 - Assenmacher, Charles-Antoine A1 - Bolfa, Pompei A1 - Dark, Michael A1 - Fuchs-Baumgartinger, Andrea A1 - Klang, Andrea A1 - Jäger, Kathrin A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Merz, Sophie A1 - Richter, Barbara A1 - Schulman, F. Yvonne A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Scharinger, Josef A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Winkler, Stephan M. A1 - Kiupel, Matti A1 - Bertram, Christof T1 - Nuclear Morphometry using a Deep Learning-based Algorithm has Prognostic Relevance for Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors N2 - Variation in nuclear size and shape is an important criterion of malignancy for many tumor types; however, categorical estimates by pathologists have poor reproducibility. Measurements of nuclear characteristics (morphometry) can improve reproducibility, but manual methods are time consuming. In this study, we evaluated fully automated morphometry using a deep learning-based algorithm in 96 canine cutaneous mast cell tumors with information on patient survival. Algorithmic morphometry was compared with karyomegaly estimates by 11 pathologists, manual nuclear morphometry of 12 cells by 9 pathologists, and the mitotic count as a benchmark. The prognostic value of automated morphometry was high with an area under the ROC curve regarding the tumor-specific survival of 0.943 (95% CI: 0.889 - 0.996) for the standard deviation (SD) of nuclear area, which was higher than manual morphometry of all pathologists combined (0.868, 95% CI: 0.737 - 0.991) and the mitotic count (0.885, 95% CI: 0.765 - 1.00). At the proposed thresholds, the hazard ratio for algorithmic morphometry (SD of nuclear area ≥9.0μm2) was 18.3 (95% CI: 5.0 - 67.1), for manual morphometry (SD of nuclear area ≥10.9μm2) 9.0 (95% CI: 6.0 - 13.4), for karyomegaly estimates 7.6 (95% CI: 5.7 - 10.1), and for the mitotic count 30.5 (95% CI: 7.8 - 118.0). Inter-rater reproducibility for karyomegaly estimates was fair (κ = 0.226) with highly variable sensitivity/specificity values for the individual pathologists. Reproducibility for manual morphometry (SD of nuclear area) was good (ICC = 0.654). This study supports the use of algorithmic morphometry as a prognostic test to overcome the limitations of estimates and manual measurements. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.15031 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.15031 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-41401 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goncalves, Miguel A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Müller, Sarina K. A1 - Sievert, Matti A1 - Maier, Andreas A1 - Iro, Heinrich A1 - Bohr, Christopher T1 - Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy in detecting malignant lesions of vocal folds JF - ACTA Otorhinolaryngologica Italica N2 - Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an innovative technique for real-time, non-invasive analysis of the surface epithelium. While being successfully used for diagnosis by experts, this method has not yet been established in clinical routine, partly due to the lack of standards and criteria for classifying various lesions. Our aim was to determine the diagnostic value and inter-rater reliability of CLE in detecting malignant lesions of the vocal cords. 58 video sequences were extracted from the probe-based CLE (GastroFlex probe with a Cellvizio® laser system) examinations of 3 patients with squamous cell carcinomas and 4 patients with benign alterations of the vocal folds. Two ENT surgeons, who were blinded to the histological result, were asked to identify the sequences representing a carcinoma. We showed an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 91.38-96.55%, 100%, 87.8-95.2%, 77.27-89.47% and 100%, respectively, with an inter-rater reliability of k = 0.89 (“almost perfect agreement”). Probe-based CLE is a promising method for diagnosis and assessment of vocal fold lesions in vivo. Our results suggest that, with adequate training, the diagnostic value of this technique can be improved and potentially provide important information during oncological surgery. UR - https://doi.org/10.14639/0392-100X-2121 KW - Confocal laser endomicroscopy KW - Laryngeal cancer KW - Non-invasive histological imaging KW - Vocal folds Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.14639/0392-100X-2121 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11824 SN - 1827-675X VL - 39 IS - 6 SP - 389 EP - 395 PB - Pacini CY - Pisa ER - TY - INPR A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Marzahl, Christian A1 - Ammeling, Jonas A1 - Richter, Barbara A1 - Puget, Chloé A1 - Denk, Daniela A1 - Demeter, Elena A. A1 - Tabaran, Flaviu A. A1 - Wasinger, Gabriel A1 - Lipnik, Karoline A1 - Tecilla, Marco A1 - Valentine, Matthew J. A1 - Dark, Michael A1 - Abele, Niklas A1 - Bolfa, Pompei A1 - Erber, Ramona A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Merz, Sophie A1 - Donovan, Taryn A1 - Jabari, Samir A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Aubreville, Marc T1 - On the Value of PHH3 for Mitotic Figure Detection on H&E-stained Images N2 - The count of mitotic figures (MFs) observed in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides is an important prognostic marker as it is a measure for tumor cell proliferation. However, the identification of MFs has a known low inter-rater agreement. Deep learning algorithms can standardize this task, but they require large amounts of annotated data for training and validation. Furthermore, label noise introduced during the annotation process may impede the algorithm's performance. Unlike H&E, the mitosis-specific antibody phospho-histone H3 (PHH3) specifically highlights MFs. Counting MFs on slides stained against PHH3 leads to higher agreement among raters and has therefore recently been used as a ground truth for the annotation of MFs in H&E. However, as PHH3 facilitates the recognition of cells indistinguishable from H&E stain alone, the use of this ground truth could potentially introduce noise into the H&E-related dataset, impacting model performance. This study analyzes the impact of PHH3-assisted MF annotation on inter-rater reliability and object level agreement through an extensive multi-rater experiment. We found that the annotators' object-level agreement increased when using PHH3-assisted labeling. Subsequently, MF detectors were evaluated on the resulting datasets to investigate the influence of PHH3-assisted labeling on the models' performance. Additionally, a novel dual-stain MF detector was developed to investigate the interpretation-shift of PHH3-assisted labels used in H&E, which clearly outperformed single-stain detectors. However, the PHH3-assisted labels did not have a positive effect on solely H&E-based models. The high performance of our dual-input detector reveals an information mismatch between the H&E and PHH3-stained images as the cause of this effect. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.19899 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.19899 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-50155 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER - TY - INPR A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Ammeling, Jonas A1 - Rosbach, Emely A1 - Lausser, Ludwig A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Aubreville, Marc T1 - Is Self-Supervision Enough? Benchmarking Foundation Models Against End-to-End Training for Mitotic Figure Classification N2 - Foundation models (FMs), i.e., models trained on a vast amount of typically unlabeled data, have become popular and available recently for the domain of histopathology. The key idea is to extract semantically rich vectors from any input patch, allowing for the use of simple subsequent classification networks potentially reducing the required amounts of labeled data, and increasing domain robustness. In this work, we investigate to which degree this also holds for mitotic figure classification. Utilizing two popular public mitotic figure datasets, we compared linear probing of five publicly available FMs against models trained on ImageNet and a simple ResNet50 end-to-end-trained baseline. We found that the end-to-end-trained baseline outperformed all FM-based classifiers, regardless of the amount of data provided. Additionally, we did not observe the FM-based classifiers to be more robust against domain shifts, rendering both of the above assumptions incorrect. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.06365 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.06365 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-59672 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meess, Henri A1 - Gerner, Jeremias A1 - Hein, Daniel A1 - Schmidtner, Stefanie A1 - Elger, Gordon A1 - Bogenberger, Klaus T1 - First steps towards real-world traffic signal control optimisation by reinforcement learning JF - Journal of Simulation N2 - Enhancing traffic signal optimisation has the potential to improve urban traffic flow without the need for expensive infrastructure modifications. While reinforcement learning (RL) techniques have demonstrated their effectiveness in simulations, their real-world implementation is still a challenge. Real-world systems need to be developed that guarantee a deployable action definition for real traffic systems while prioritising safety constraints and robust policies. This paper introduces a method to overcome this challenge by introducing a novel action definition that optimises parameter-level control programmes designed by traffic engineers. The complete proposed framework consists of a traffic situation estimation, a feature extractor, and a system that enables training on estimates of real-world traffic situations. Further multimodal optimisation, scalability, and continuous training after deployment could be achieved. The first simulative tests using this action definition show an average improvement of more than 20% in traffic flow compared to the baseline – the corresponding pre-optimised real-world control. UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/17477778.2024.2364715 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/17477778.2024.2364715 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-48585 SN - 1747-7778 VL - 18 IS - 6 SP - 957 EP - 972 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Knipfer, Christian A1 - Oetter, Nicolai A1 - Jaremenko, Christian A1 - Rodner, Erik A1 - Denzler, Joachim A1 - Bohr, Christopher A1 - Neumann, Helmut A1 - Stelzle, Florian A1 - Maier, Andreas T1 - Automatic classification of cancerous tissue in laserendomicroscopy images of the oral cavity using deep learning JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a common type of cancer of the oral epithelium. Despite their high impact on mortality, sufficient screening methods for early diagnosis of OSCC often lack accuracy and thus OSCCs are mostly diagnosed at a late stage. Early detection and accurate outline estimation of OSCCs would lead to a better curative outcome and a reduction in recurrence rates after surgical treatment. Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (CLE) records sub-surface micro-anatomical images for in vivo cell structure analysis. Recent CLE studies showed great prospects for a reliable, real-time ultrastructural imaging of OSCC in situ. We present and evaluate a novel automatic approach for OSCC diagnosis using deep learning technologies on CLE images. The method is compared against textural feature-based machine learning approaches that represent the current state of the art. For this work, CLE image sequences (7894 images) from patients diagnosed with OSCC were obtained from 4 specific locations in the oral cavity, including the OSCC lesion. The present approach is found to outperform the state of the art in CLE image recognition with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96 and a mean accuracy of 88.3% (sensitivity 86.6%, specificity 90%). UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12320-8 Y1 - 2017 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12320-8 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-12464 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 7 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - INPR A1 - Puget, Chloé A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Ostermaier, Julian A1 - Konrad, Thomas A1 - Parlak, Eda A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Kiupel, Matti A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert T1 - Deep Learning model predicts the c-Kit-11 mutational status of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors by HE stained histological slides N2 - Numerous prognostic factors are currently assessed histopathologically in biopsies of canine mast cell tumors to evaluate clinical behavior. In addition, PCR analysis of the c-Kit exon 11 mutational status is often performed to evaluate the potential success of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. This project aimed at training deep learning models (DLMs) to identify the c-Kit-11 mutational status of MCTs solely based on morphology without additional molecular analysis. HE slides of 195 mutated and 173 non-mutated tumors were stained consecutively in two different laboratories and scanned with three different slide scanners. This resulted in six different datasets (stain-scanner variations) of whole slide images. DLMs were trained with single and mixed datasets and their performances was assessed under scanner and staining domain shifts. The DLMs correctly classified HE slides according to their c-Kit 11 mutation status in, on average, 87% of cases for the best-suited stain-scanner variant. A relevant performance drop could be observed when the stain-scanner combination of the training and test dataset differed. Multi-variant datasets improved the average accuracy but did not reach the maximum accuracy of algorithms trained and tested on the same stain-scanner variant. In summary, DLM-assisted morphological examination of MCTs can predict c-Kit-exon 11 mutational status of MCTs with high accuracy. However, the recognition performance is impeded by a change of scanner or staining protocol. Larger data sets with higher numbers of scans originating from different laboratories and scanners may lead to more robust DLMs to identify c-Kit mutations in HE slides. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.06169 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.06169 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-46020 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Maier, Andreas T1 - Field of Interest Proposal for Augmented Mitotic Cell Count BT - Comparison of Two Convolutional Networks T2 - Proceedings of the 12th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies - BIOIMAGING UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0007365700300037 KW - Mitotic Figure KW - Cell Segmentation KW - Digital Histopathology KW - Tumor Grading Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0007365700300037 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-19248 SN - 978-989-758-353-7 SN - 2184-4305 VL - 2 SP - 30 EP - 37 PB - SciTePress CY - Setúbal ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Donovan, Taryn A1 - Bartel, Alexander A1 - Wilm, Frauke A1 - Marzahl, Christian A1 - Assenmacher, Charles-Antoine A1 - Becker, Kathrin A1 - Bennett, Mark A1 - Corner, Sarah M. A1 - Cossic, Brieuc A1 - Denk, Daniela A1 - Dettwiler, Martina A1 - Garcia Gonzalez, Beatriz A1 - Gurtner, Corinne A1 - Haverkamp, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Heier, Annabelle A1 - Lehmbecker, Annika A1 - Merz, Sophie A1 - Noland, Erica L. A1 - Plog, Stephanie A1 - Schmidt, Anja A1 - Sebastian, Franziska A1 - Sledge, Dodd G. A1 - Smedley, Rebecca C. A1 - Tecilla, Marco A1 - Thaiwong, Tuddow A1 - Fuchs-Baumgartinger, Andrea A1 - Meuten, Donald J. A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Kiupel, Matti A1 - Maier, Andreas A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert T1 - Computer-assisted mitotic count using a deep learning–based algorithm improves interobserver reproducibility and accuracy JF - Veterinary Pathology N2 - The mitotic count (MC) is an important histological parameter for prognostication of malignant neoplasms. However, it has inter- and intraobserver discrepancies due to difficulties in selecting the region of interest (MC-ROI) and in identifying or classifying mitotic figures (MFs). Recent progress in the field of artificial intelligence has allowed the development of high-performance algorithms that may improve standardization of the MC. As algorithmic predictions are not flawless, computer-assisted review by pathologists may ensure reliability. In the present study, we compared partial (MC-ROI preselection) and full (additional visualization of MF candidates and display of algorithmic confidence values) computer-assisted MC analysis to the routine (unaided) MC analysis by 23 pathologists for whole-slide images of 50 canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (ccMCTs). Algorithmic predictions aimed to assist pathologists in detecting mitotic hotspot locations, reducing omission of MFs, and improving classification against imposters. The interobserver consistency for the MC significantly increased with computer assistance (interobserver correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.92) compared to the unaided approach (ICC = 0.70). Classification into prognostic stratifications had a higher accuracy with computer assistance. The algorithmically preselected hotspot MC-ROIs had a consistently higher MCs than the manually selected MC-ROIs. Compared to a ground truth (developed with immunohistochemistry for phosphohistone H3), pathologist performance in detecting individual MF was augmented when using computer assistance (F1-score of 0.68 increased to 0.79) with a reduction in false negatives by 38%. The results of this study demonstrate that computer assistance may lead to more reproducible and accurate MCs in ccMCTs. UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858211067478 KW - canine cutaneous mast cell tumors KW - artificial intelligence KW - digital pathology KW - deep learning KW - mitotic figures KW - mitotic count KW - automated image analysis KW - computer assistance Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858211067478 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-13141 SN - 1544-2217 VL - 59 IS - 2 SP - 211 EP - 226 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marzahl, Christian A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Stayt, Jason A1 - Jasensky, Anne-Katherine A1 - Bartenschlager, Florian A1 - Fragoso-Garcia, Marco A1 - Barton, Ann K. A1 - Elsemann, Svenja A1 - Jabari, Samir A1 - Krauth, Jens A1 - Madhu, Prathmesh A1 - Voigt, Jörn A1 - Hill, Jenny A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Maier, Andreas T1 - Deep Learning-based quantification of pulmonary hemosiderophages in cytology slides JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) is a common condition in sport horses with negative impact on performance. Cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by use of a scoring system is considered the most sensitive diagnostic method. Macrophages are classified depending on the degree of cytoplasmic hemosiderin content. The current gold standard is manual grading, which is however monotonous and time-consuming. We evaluated state-of-the-art deep learning-based methods for single cell macrophage classification and compared them against the performance of nine cytology experts and evaluated inter- and intra-observer variability. Additionally, we evaluated object detection methods on a novel data set of 17 completely annotated cytology whole slide images (WSI) containing 78,047 hemosiderophages. Our deep learning-based approach reached a concordance of 0.85, partially exceeding human expert concordance (0.68 to 0.86, mean of 0.73, SD of 0.04). Intra-observer variability was high (0.68 to 0.88) and inter-observer concordance was moderate (Fleiss’ kappa = 0.67). Our object detection approach has a mean average precision of 0.66 over the five classes from the whole slide gigapixel image and a computation time of below two minutes. To mitigate the high inter- and intra-rater variability, we propose our automated object detection pipeline, enabling accurate, reproducible and quick EIPH scoring in WSI. UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65958-2 Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65958-2 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11783 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 10 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Goncalves, Miguel A1 - Knipfer, Christian A1 - Oetter, Nicolai A1 - Würfl, Tobias A1 - Neumann, Helmut A1 - Stelzle, Florian A1 - Bohr, Christopher A1 - Maier, Andreas ED - Wiebe, Sheldon ED - Gamboa, Hugo ED - Fred, Ana ED - Bermúdez i Badia, Sergi T1 - Patch-based Carcinoma Detection on Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy Images BT - A Cross-Site Robustness Assessment T2 - Proceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies N2 - Deep learning technologies such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) provide powerful methods for image recognition and have recently been employed in the field of automated carcinoma detection in confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) images. CLE is a (sub-)surface microscopic imaging technique that reaches magnifications of up to 1000x and is thus suitable for in vivo structural tissue analysis. In this work, we aim to evaluate the prospects of a priorly developed deep learning-based algorithm targeted at the identification of oral squamous cell carcinoma with regard to its generalization to further anatomic locations of squamous cell carcinomas in the area of head and neck. We applied the algorithm on images acquired from the vocal fold area of five patients with histologically verified squamous cell carcinoma and presumably healthy control images of the clinically normal contra-lateral vocal cord. We find that the network trained on the oral cavity data reaches an accurac y of 89.45% and an area-under-the-curve (AUC) value of 0.955, when applied on the vocal cords data. Compared to the state of the art, we achieve very similar results, yet with an algorithm that was trained on a completely disjunct data set. Concatenating both data sets yielded further improvements in cross-validation with an accuracy of 90.81% and AUC of 0.970. In this study, for the first time to our knowledge, a deep learning mechanism for the identification of oral carcinomas using CLE Images could be applied to other disciplines in the area of head and neck. This study shows the prospect of the algorithmic approach to generalize well on other malignant entities of the head and neck, regardless of the anatomical location and furthermore in an examiner-independent manner. UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0006534700270034 KW - Automatic Carcinoma Detection KW - Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy KW - Deep Convolutional Networks KW - Squamous Cell Carcinoma Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0006534700270034 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-26277 SN - 978-989-758-278-3 SP - 27 EP - 34 PB - SciTePress CY - Setúbal ER - TY - INPR A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Marzahl, Christian A1 - Ammeling, Jonas A1 - Rosbach, Emely A1 - Richter, Barbara A1 - Puget, Chloé A1 - Denk, Daniela A1 - Demeter, Elena A. A1 - Tabaran, Flaviu A. A1 - Wasinger, Gabriel A1 - Lipnik, Karoline A1 - Tecilla, Marco A1 - Valentine, Matthew J. A1 - Dark, Michael A1 - Abele, Niklas A1 - Bolfa, Pompei A1 - Erber, Ramona A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Merz, Sophie A1 - Donovan, Taryn A1 - Jabari, Samir A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Aubreville, Marc T1 - Information Mismatch in PHH3-Assisted Mitosis Annotation Leads to Interpretation Shifts in H&E Slide Analysis T2 - Research Square N2 - The count of mitotic figures (MFs) observed in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides is an important prognostic marker, as it is a measure for tumor cell proliferation. However, the identification of MFs has a known low inter-rater agreement. In a computer-aided setting, deep learning algorithms can help to mitigate this, but they require large amounts of annotated data for training and validation. Furthermore, label noise introduced during the annotation process may impede the algorithms' performance. Unlike H&E, where identification of MFs is based mainly on morphological features, the mitosis-specific antibody phospho-histone H3 (PHH3) specifically highlights MFs. Counting MFs on slides stained against PHH3 leads to higher agreement among raters and has therefore recently been used as a ground truth for the annotation of MFs in H&E. However, as PHH3 facilitates the recognition of cells indistinguishable from H&E staining alone, the use of this ground truth could potentially introduce an interpretation shift and even label noise into the H&E-related dataset, impacting model performance. This study analyzes the impact of PHH3-assisted MF annotation on inter-rater reliability and object level agreement through an extensive multi-rater experiment. Subsequently, MF detectors, including a novel dual-stain detector, were evaluated on the resulting datasets to investigate the influence of PHH3-assisted labeling on the models' performance. We found that the annotators' object-level agreement significantly increased when using PHH3-assisted labeling (F1: 0.53 to 0.74). However, this enhancement in label consistency did not translate to improved performance for H&E-based detectors, neither during the training phase nor the evaluation phase. Conversely, the dual-stain detector was able to benefit from the higher consistency. This reveals an information mismatch between the H&E and PHH3-stained images as the cause of this effect, which renders PHH3-assisted annotations not well-aligned for use with H&E-based detectors. Based on our findings, we propose an improved PHH3-assisted labeling procedure. UR - https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4900505/v1 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4900505/v1 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-57630 SN - 2693-5015 PB - Research Square CY - Durham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Marzahl, Christian A1 - Gurtner, Corinne A1 - Dettwiler, Martina A1 - Schmidt, Anja A1 - Bartenschlager, Florian A1 - Merz, Sophie A1 - Fragoso-Garcia, Marco A1 - Kershaw, Olivia A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Maier, Andreas T1 - Deep learning algorithms out-perform veterinary pathologists in detecting the mitotically most active tumor region JF - Scientific reports N2 - Manual count of mitotic figures, which is determined in the tumor region with the highest mitotic activity, is a key parameter of most tumor grading schemes. It can be, however, strongly dependent on the area selection due to uneven mitotic figure distribution in the tumor section. We aimed to assess the question, how significantly the area selection could impact the mitotic count, which has a known high inter-rater disagreement. On a data set of 32 whole slide images of H&E-stained canine cutaneous mast cell tumor, fully annotated for mitotic figures, we asked eight veterinary pathologists (five board-certified, three in training) to select a field of interest for the mitotic count. To assess the potential difference on the mitotic count, we compared the mitotic count of the selected regions to the overall distribution on the slide. Additionally, we evaluated three deep learning-based methods for the assessment of highest mitotic density: In one approach, the model would directly try to predict the mitotic count for the presented image patches as a regression task. The second method aims at deriving a segmentation mask for mitotic figures, which is then used to obtain a mitotic density. Finally, we evaluated a two-stage object-detection pipeline based on state-of-the-art architectures to identify individual mitotic figures. We found that the predictions by all models were, on average, better than those of the experts. The two-stage object detector performed best and outperformed most of the human pathologists on the majority of tumor cases. The correlation between the predicted and the ground truth mitotic count was also best for this approach (0.963–0.979). Further, we found considerable differences in position selection between pathologists, which could partially explain the high variance that has been reported for the manual mitotic count. To achieve better inter-rater agreement, we propose to use a computer-based area selection for support of the pathologist in the manual mitotic count. UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73246-2 Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73246-2 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11794 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 10 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - INPR A1 - Ammeling, Jonas A1 - Hecker, Moritz A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Donovan, Taryn A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Aubreville, Marc T1 - Automated Volume Corrected Mitotic Index Calculation Through Annotation-Free Deep Learning using Immunohistochemistry as Reference Standard N2 - The volume-corrected mitotic index (M/V-Index) was shown to provide prognostic value in invasive breast carcinomas. However, despite its prognostic significance, it is not established as the standard method for assessing aggressive biological behaviour, due to the high additional workload associated with determining the epithelial proportion. In this work, we show that using a deep learning pipeline solely trained with an annotation-free, immunohistochemistry-based approach, provides accurate estimations of epithelial segmentation in canine breast carcinomas. We compare our automatic framework with the manually annotated M/V-Index in a study with three board-certified pathologists. Our results indicate that the deep learning-based pipeline shows expert-level performance, while providing time efficiency and reproducibility. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2311.08949 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2311.08949 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-41549 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mualla, Firas A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Maier, Andreas ED - Maier, Andreas ED - Steidl, Stefan ED - Christlein, Vincent ED - Hornegger, Joachim T1 - Microscopy T2 - Medical Imaging Systems: An Introductory Guide N2 - We perceive the physical world around us using our eyes, but only down to a certain limit. Objects with a diameter smaller than 75 μm cannot be recognized by the naked eye, and due to this reason, they remained undiscovered for the most of human history. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96520-8_5 Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96520-8_5 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-26411 SN - 978-3-319-96520-8 SP - 69 EP - 90 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - INPR A1 - Ammeling, Jonas A1 - Schmidt, Lars-Henning A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Niedermair, Tanja A1 - Brochhausen-Delius, Christoph A1 - Schulz, Christian A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Aubreville, Marc T1 - Attention-based Multiple Instance Learning for Survival Prediction on Lung Cancer Tissue Microarrays N2 - Attention-based multiple instance learning (AMIL) algorithms have proven to be successful in utilizing gigapixel whole-slide images (WSIs) for a variety of different computational pathology tasks such as outcome prediction and cancer subtyping problems. We extended an AMIL approach to the task of survival prediction by utilizing the classical Cox partial likelihood as a loss function, converting the AMIL model into a nonlinear proportional hazards model. We applied the model to tissue microarray (TMA) slides of 330 lung cancer patients. The results show that AMIL approaches can handle very small amounts of tissue from a TMA and reach similar C-index performance compared to established survival prediction methods trained with highly discriminative clinical factors such as age, cancer grade, and cancer stage. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2212.07724 Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2212.07724 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-30642 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER - TY - INPR A1 - Stoeve, Maike A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Oetter, Nicolai A1 - Knipfer, Christian A1 - Neumann, Helmut A1 - Stelzle, Florian A1 - Maier, Andreas T1 - Motion Artifact Detection in Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy Images N2 - Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (CLE), an optical imaging technique allowing non-invasive examination of the mucosa on a (sub)- cellular level, has proven to be a valuable diagnostic tool in gastroenterology and shows promising results in various anatomical regions including the oral cavity. Recently, the feasibility of automatic carcinoma detection for CLE images of sufficient quality was shown. However, in real world data sets a high amount of CLE images is corrupted by artifacts. Amongst the most prevalent artifact types are motion-induced image deteriorations. In the scope of this work, algorithmic approaches for the automatic detection of motion artifact-tainted image regions were developed. Hence, this work provides an important step towards clinical applicability of automatic carcinoma detection. Both, conventional machine learning and novel, deep learning-based approaches were assessed. The deep learning-based approach outperforms the conventional approaches, attaining an AUC of 0.90. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1711.01117 Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1711.01117 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-12588 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER - TY - INPR A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Pan, Zhaoya A1 - Sievert, Matti A1 - Ammeling, Jonas A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Oetter, Nicolai A1 - Stelzle, Florian A1 - Frenken, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Goncalves, Miguel T1 - Few Shot Learning for the Classification of Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy Images of Head and Neck Tumors N2 - The surgical removal of head and neck tumors requires safe margins, which are usually confirmed intraoperatively by means of frozen sections. This method is, in itself, an oversampling procedure, which has a relatively low sensitivity compared to the definitive tissue analysis on paraffin-embedded sections. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an in-vivo imaging technique that has shown its potential in the live optical biopsy of tissue. An automated analysis of this notoriously difficult to interpret modality would help surgeons. However, the images of CLE show a wide variability of patterns, caused both by individual factors but also, and most strongly, by the anatomical structures of the imaged tissue, making it a challenging pattern recognition task. In this work, we evaluate four popular few shot learning (FSL) methods towards their capability of generalizing to unseen anatomical domains in CLE images. We evaluate this on images of sinunasal tumors (SNT) from five patients and on images of the vocal folds (VF) from 11 patients using a cross-validation scheme. The best respective approach reached a median accuracy of 79.6% on the rather homogeneous VF dataset, but only of 61.6% for the highly diverse SNT dataset. Our results indicate that FSL on CLE images is viable, but strongly affected by the number of patients, as well as the diversity of anatomical patterns. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2311.07216 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2311.07216 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-41522 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schlagowski, Ruben A1 - Herget, Frederick A1 - Heimerl, Niklas A1 - Hammerl, Maximilian A1 - Huber, Tobias A1 - Zwolsky, Pamina A1 - Gruca, Jan A1 - André, Elisabeth ED - Smith, Gillian ED - Whitehead, Jim ED - Samuel, Ben ED - Spiel, Katta ED - van Rozen, Riemer T1 - From a Social POV: The Impact of Point of View on Player Behavior, Engagement, and Experience in a Serious Social Simulation Game T2 - Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, FDG 2024 N2 - Multiplayer games with social aspects vary widely regarding client design, e.g., point of view or camera perspective. While design paradigms usually arise from gold standards that are set by previously successful games in the industry, the impact of such paradigms is under-researched for games that serve as scientific instruments, e.g., to research social behavior. Intending to investigate how such games should be designed, we built two multiplayer clients with the same game logic, one using a first-person point of view, while the other includes a top-down camera perspective. Then, we conducted an online user study in which players tested these game clients in extensive multiplayer sessions. Analyzing speech time, in-game logs, questionnaires, and qualitative feedback, we look at the perspectives’ impact on player behavior, engagement, and game experience in a scientific or "serious games" context. In addition, we have made our designed game UNISON and both clients available as open source to facilitate future empirical social science research. UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3649921.3649936 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3649921.3649936 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65451 SN - 979-8-4007-0955-5 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - INPR A1 - Pernias, Pablo A1 - Rampas, Dominic A1 - Aubreville, Marc T1 - Würstchen: Efficient Pretraining of Text-to-Image Models N2 - We introduce Wuerstchen, a novel technique for text-to-image synthesis that unites competitive performance with unprecedented cost-effectiveness and ease of training on constrained hardware. Building on recent advancements in machine learning, our approach, which utilizes latent diffusion strategies at strong latent image compression rates, significantly reduces the computational burden, typically associated with state-of-the-art models, while preserving, if not enhancing, the quality of generated images. Wuerstchen achieves notable speed improvements at inference time, thereby rendering real-time applications more viable. One of the key advantages of our method lies in its modest training requirements of only 9,200 GPU hours, slashing the usual costs significantly without compromising the end performance. In a comparison against the state-of-the-art, we found the approach to yield strong competitiveness. This paper opens the door to a new line of research that prioritizes both performance and computational accessibility, hence democratizing the use of sophisticated AI technologies. Through Wuerstchen, we demonstrate a compelling stride forward in the realm of text-to-image synthesis, offering an innovative path to explore in future research. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.00637 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.00637 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-39160 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Elstermann, Matthes A1 - Fleischmann, Albert A1 - Moser, Christoph A1 - Oppl, Stefan A1 - Schmidt, Werner A1 - Stary, Christian T1 - Contextual Process Digitalization BT - Changing Perspectives – Design Thinking – Value-Led Design N2 - This open access book presents an overview and step-by-step explanation of process management. It starts with the individual participants’ perspectives on their work in a process and its structuring and harmonization, and then moves on to its specification in a model and how it is embedded in the organizational and IT environment of the company. Lastly, the book examines the joint processing of instances in the resulting socio-technical systems. A corresponding illustration, which expands with the overview, enables readers to gain a comprehensive understanding of business process management. The book presents various facets of business process management from the perspective of the participants, and introduces a selection of models that have proved useful in practice. The design of such models supports the transition from a more-or-less unstructured or unsatisfactory way of working to a structured process that corresponds to the ideas of the company and its customers. For this second edition, several new sections dealing with the integration of IoT processes, artificial intelligence, and social behavior patterns in process mining, a whole chapter on implementation and operation, and three new case studies were added. The book is intended for professionals in industry as well as students in the field of business information systems who are looking for guidelines on how to discover, create and implement real-world processes. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06901-6 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06901-6 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65685 SN - 978-3-032-06901-6 PB - Springer CY - Cham ET - Second Edition ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wan, Lei A1 - Zhao, Jianxin A1 - Wiedholz, Andreas A1 - Bied, Manuel A1 - Martinez de Lucena, Mateus A1 - Jagtap, Abhishek Dinkar A1 - Festag, Andreas A1 - Fröhlich, Antônio A1 - Keen, Hannan Ejaz A1 - Vinel, Alexey T1 - A Systematic Literature Review on Vehicular Collaborative Perception—A Computer Vision Perspective JF - IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems N2 - The effectiveness of autonomous vehicles relies on reliable perception capabilities. Despite significant advancements in artificial intelligence and sensor fusion technologies, current single-vehicle perception systems continue to encounter limitations, notably visual occlusions and limited long-range detection capabilities. Collaborative Perception (CP), enabled by Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication, has emerged as a promising solution to mitigate these issues and enhance the reliability of autonomous systems. Beyond advancements in communication, the computer vision community is increasingly focusing on improving vehicular perception through collaborative approaches. However, a systematic literature review that thoroughly examines existing work and reduces subjective bias is still lacking. Such a systematic approach helps identify research gaps, recognize common trends across studies, and inform future research directions. In response, this study follows the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and includes 106 peer-reviewed articles. These publications are analyzed based on modalities, collaboration schemes, and key perception tasks. Through a comparative analysis, this review illustrates how different methods address practical issues such as pose errors, temporal latency, communication constraints, domain shifts, heterogeneity, and adversarial attacks. Furthermore, it critically examines evaluation methodologies, highlighting a misalignment between current metrics and CP’s fundamental objectives. By delving into all relevant topics in-depth, this review offers valuable insights into challenges, opportunities, and risks, serving as a reference for advancing research in vehicular collaborative perception. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2025.3631141 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2025.3631141 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64708 SN - 1558-0016 VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 81 EP - 118 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mertes, Silvan A1 - Huber, Tobias A1 - Weitz, Katharina A1 - Heimerl, Alexander A1 - André, Elisabeth T1 - GANterfactual—Counterfactual Explanations for Medical Non-experts Using Generative Adversarial Learning JF - Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence N2 - With the ongoing rise of machine learning, the need for methods for explaining decisions made by artificial intelligence systems is becoming a more and more important topic. Especially for image classification tasks, many state-of-the-art tools to explain such classifiers rely on visual highlighting of important areas of the input data. Contrary, counterfactual explanation systems try to enable a counterfactual reasoning by modifying the input image in a way such that the classifier would have made a different prediction. By doing so, the users of counterfactual explanation systems are equipped with a completely different kind of explanatory information. However, methods for generating realistic counterfactual explanations for image classifiers are still rare. Especially in medical contexts, where relevant information often consists of textural and structural information, high-quality counterfactual images have the potential to give meaningful insights into decision processes. In this work, we present GANterfactual, an approach to generate such counterfactual image explanations based on adversarial image-to-image translation techniques. Additionally, we conduct a user study to evaluate our approach in an exemplary medical use case. Our results show that, in the chosen medical use-case, counterfactual explanations lead to significantly better results regarding mental models, explanation satisfaction, trust, emotions, and self-efficacy than two state-of-the art systems that work with saliency maps, namely LIME and LRP. UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2022.825565 Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2022.825565 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-57192 SN - 2624-8212 VL - 5 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - INPR A1 - Mertes, Silvan A1 - Karle, Christina A1 - Huber, Tobias A1 - Weitz, Katharina A1 - Schlagowski, Ruben A1 - André, Elisabeth T1 - Alterfactual Explanations - The Relevance of Irrelevance for Explaining AI Systems N2 - Explanation mechanisms from the field of Counterfactual Thinking are a widely-used paradigm for Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), as they follow a natural way of reasoning that humans are familiar with. However, all common approaches from this field are based on communicating information about features or characteristics that are especially important for an AI's decision. We argue that in order to fully understand a decision, not only knowledge about relevant features is needed, but that the awareness of irrelevant information also highly contributes to the creation of a user's mental model of an AI system. Therefore, we introduce a new way of explaining AI systems. Our approach, which we call Alterfactual Explanations, is based on showing an alternative reality where irrelevant features of an AI's input are altered. By doing so, the user directly sees which characteristics of the input data can change arbitrarily without influencing the AI's decision. We evaluate our approach in an extensive user study, revealing that it is able to significantly contribute to the participants' understanding of an AI. We show that alterfactual explanations are suited to convey an understanding of different aspects of the AI's reasoning than established counterfactual explanation methods. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2207.09374 Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2207.09374 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-57414 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Fleischmann, Albert A1 - Oppl, Stefan A1 - Schmidt, Werner A1 - Stary, Christian T1 - Contextual Process Digitalization BT - Changing Perspectives – Design Thinking – Value-Led Design N2 - This open access book presents an overview and step-by-step explanation of process management. It starts with the individual participants’ perspectives on their work in a process and its structuring and harmonization, and then moves on to its specification in a model and how it is embedded in the organizational and IT environment of the company. Lastly, the book examines the joint processing of instances in the resulting socio-technical systems. A corresponding illustration, which expands with the overview, enables readers to gain a comprehensive understanding of business process management. The book presents various facets of business process management from the perspective of the participants, and introduces a selection of models that have proved useful in practice. The design of such models supports the transition from a more-or-less unstructured or unsatisfactory way of working to a structured process that corresponds to the ideas of the company and its customers. The book is intended for professionals in industry as well as students in the field of business information systems who are looking for guidelines on how to discover, create and implement real-world processes. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38300-8 KW - open access KW - S-BPM KW - design thinking KW - business process management KW - workflow management KW - organization Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38300-8 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-21703 SN - 978-3-030-38299-5 SN - 978-3-030-38302-2 SN - 978-3-030-38300-8 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gregor, Markus A1 - Bauder, Maximilian A1 - Kirsten Vidal de Oliveira, Aline A1 - Mast, Pascal A1 - Rüther, Ricardo A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Approaches for Lifetime Prediction of Vehicle Traction Battery Systems During a Technical Inspection: A Systematic Review JF - World Electric Vehicle Journal N2 - Creating trust in society for new technologies, such as a new types of powertrains, and making them marketable requires transparent, neutral, and independent technical verification. This is crucial for the acceptance and success of electrified vehicles in the used car markets. A key component of electric vehicles is the traction battery, whose current and future condition, particularly regarding aging, determines its residual value and safe operation. This review aims to identify and evaluate methods for predicting the lifetime of onboard traction batteries, focusing on their applicability in technical inspections. A systematic literature and patent review was conducted using targeted keywords, yielding 22 patents and 633 publications. From these, 150 distinct lifetime prediction methods were extracted and categorized into a four-level mind map. These methods are summarized, cited, and structured in detailed tables. The relationships between approaches are explained to clarify the current research landscape. Long Short-Term Memory, Convolutional Neural Networks, and Particle Filters were identified as the most frequently used techniques. However, no methods were found suitable for predicting the lifetime of traction batteries during technical vehicle inspections, which operate under short test durations, limited data access, and diverse real-world operating conditions. Most studies focused on cell-level testing and did not address complete battery systems in operational vehicles. This gap highlights the need for applied research and the development of practical methods to support battery assessment in real-world conditions. Advancing this field is essential to foster confidence in battery systems and enable a sustainable transition to electromobility. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17010003 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17010003 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65631 SN - 2032-6653 VL - 17 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bienert, Jörg A1 - Regnet, Simon T1 - Stability Analysis for an Ultra-Lightweight Glider Airplane with Electric Driven Two-Blade Propeller JF - Vibration N2 - Safety is the most important requirement in flight operations. This also affects the application for an extreme lightweight glider in this paper. Essential properties are the target weight below 120 kgand the electric propulsion. The unsymmetric inertia from the two-blade propeller at the rear in combination with the light and flexible aluminium tube support makes it necessary to investigate the risk of mechanical instability. Starting from the equations of motion, the time-variant system matrices are set up. The simulation of Floquet multiplier and Hill’s hyper-eigenvalue problem provide the necessary information about the system stability. The conclusion is that the potential instability due to structural damping in the observed system can be avoided in the range of operation. The damping, experimentally determined by approximately 2%, is sufficient. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration9010003 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration9010003 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65640 SN - 2571-631X VL - 9 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Fleischmann, Albert A1 - Oppl, Stefan A1 - Schmidt, Werner A1 - Stary, Christian T1 - Ganzheitliche Digitalisierung von Prozessen BT - Perspektivenwechsel – Design Thinking – Wertegeleitete Interaktion N2 - In diesem Open-Access-Buch wird das Geschäftsprozessmanagement als ein ganzheitlicher Prozess begriffen, der der Mitwirkung aller Stakeholder bedarf. Denn das traditionelle Business Process Engineering stößt heute angesichts der Digitalisierung und der dynamischen Entwicklung von Organisationen immer mehr an seine Grenzen, beispielsweise bezüglich Agilität. Um nun das Wesen von Aufgaben und Abläufen in Organisationen zu erfassen, schlagen die Autoren einen Perspektivwechsel vor: das Denken in Kommunikationsprozessen. Dieses Konzept lässt sich wirtschaftlich, organisatorisch und technisch ohne einschlägige Vorkenntnisse umsetzen. Leserinnen und Leser finden in dem Buch konkrete Handlungsanleitungen für die Digitalisierung von organisationsrelevanten Abläufen. Daneben liefern die Autoren Einblicke in die Systemtheorie und in das Design Thinking. Ihr Ziel ist, Konzepte einfach und verständlich zu erläutern, ohne dabei komplexe Zusammenhänge zu vernachlässigen. Dank ausführlicher Konzeptdarstellung und Ausflüge in die Theorie mit Beispielen aus der Praxis, eignet es sich für Studierende und für Wissenschaftler genauso wie für Praktiker. Entwickler und andere Fachkräfte aus den Bereichen Operatives Management, Geschäftsprozessmanagement, Organisationsentwicklung, Qualitätsmanagement, Wissensmanagement werden sich von der Übersichtlichkeit und dem Nutzwert angesprochen fühlen. Der Inhalt - Modelle - Modellierungssprachen - Vorgehensweise von der Modellbildung zur Digitalisierung - Vorbereitung der Prozessimplementierung - Umsetzung - Praxisbeispiel UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22648-0 Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22648-0 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-26306 SN - 978-3-658-22647-3 PB - Springer Vieweg CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischmann, Albert A1 - Schmidt, Werner A1 - Stary, Christian T1 - Dynamic Socio-technical System Design based on Stakeholder Interaction JF - Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly (CSIMQ) N2 - In order to directly involve stakeholders in socio-technical system design, we argue for streamlining executable process specifications with business process modeling. Due to current agility requirements of organizations, socio-technical system development is considered one of the key activities of members of the organizations. Dynamic process adaptation enable handling the volatility of business operation and IT infrastructure. Subject-oriented process representations are key enablers to dynamic adaptation due to their capability for stakeholders to create directly executable models. In this way stakeholder can be involved in change management pro-actively. Subject-oriented models (i) represent all relevant features required for system control and decision making, and (ii) are executable on demand. This effectiveness enables organizational change in a creative and efficient way, while establishing innovative design and change management tools. Subject-oriented Business Process Management capabilities are reflected in this realm revealing benefits and potential for further research. UR - https://doi.org/10.7250/csimq.2015-3.04 Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.7250/csimq.2015-3.04 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-56685 SN - 2255-9922 VL - 2015 IS - 3 SP - 63 EP - 83 PB - Technische Universität Riga CY - Riga ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stary, Christian A1 - Elstermann, Matthes A1 - Fleischmann, Albert A1 - Schmidt, Werner T1 - Behavior-Centered Digital-Twin Design for Dynamic Cyber-Physical System Development JF - Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly (CSIMQ) N2 - Digital Twins are digital models of Cyber-Physical Systems to enable not only continuous monitoring but also active functional improvement of networked services, physical products, machines and devices. This capacity is of utmost importance when recognizing and exploring business opportunities in terms of organizational and technology innovations, as well as enriching the scope of system-relevant applications. Before being operated in their target ecosystems, such as smart cities, Cyber-Physical Systems can be validated and be run as Digital Twin through executable behavior models. The development of these models captures both, the horizontal, and the vertical integration of CPS components, thus allowing to consider specific system qualities, such as pollution effects of traffic. This article investigates methodological and technological aspects of developing and operating Digital Twins along system transformation processes. We consider integration depth and breadth, connectivity, organizational intelligence, validation, and implementation variability in the context of human-centered modeling and development. The approach enriches the understanding of digital twins towards digital representation of Cyber-Physical Systems allowing for dynamic allocation of physical and digital parts according to operational conditions. An exemplary case study in traffic management demonstrates the feasibility and practicability of the communication-centered approach. UR - https://doi.org/10.7250/csimq.2022-30.02 KW - Digital Twin KW - Cyber-Physical System KW - Modeling KW - Subject Orientation KW - Design-Integrated Engineering Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.7250/csimq.2022-30.02 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-24365 SN - 2255-9922 VL - 2022 IS - 30 SP - 31 EP - 52 PB - Technische Universität Riga CY - Riga ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehta, Kedar A1 - Jain, Rushabh Bansilal A1 - Zörner, Wilfried T1 - Agrivoltaics Around the World: Potential, Technology, Crops and Policies to Address the Energy–Agriculture Nexus for Sustainable and Climate-Resilient Land Use JF - Energies N2 - The urgent pursuit of climate-resilient agriculture and clean energy systems, central to the Energy–Agriculture Nexus and the UN Sustainable Development Goals, has accelerated global interest in agrivoltaic (Agri-PV) technologies. This paper presents a global systematic review and meta-analysis of 160 peer-reviewed studies, structured through a five-stage thematic synthesis: (1) mapping global and regional Agri-PV deployment and potential, (2) analyzing system design and modeling methodologies, (3) evaluating crop suitability under partial shading, (4) reviewing enabling policies and regulatory frameworks, and (5) assessing techno-economic feasibility and investment barriers. Results reveal that Europe and Asia lead Agri-PV development, driven by incentive-based policies and national tenders, while limited regulatory clarity and high capital costs constrain wider adoption. Despite technological progress, no integrated model fully captures the coupled energy, water, and crop dynamics essential for holistic assessment. Strengthening economic valuation, policy coherence, and standardized modeling approaches will be critical to scale Agri-PV systems as a cornerstone of sustainable and climate-resilient land use. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en18246417 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en18246417 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65288 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 18 IS - 24 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehta, Kedar A1 - Lwakatare, Bertha A1 - Zörner, Wilfried A1 - Ehrenwirth, Mathias T1 - Mini-grid performance in Sub-Saharan Africa: case studies from Tsumkwe and Gam, Namibia JF - Sustainable Energy Research N2 - This paper investigates the performance analysis and operational challenges of mini-grids in Sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the Tsumkwe and Gam mini-grids, the only officially recognized mini-grids in Namibia. The study addresses a critical gap in understanding mini-grid efficiency, technical difficulties, and future potential. The key research questions focus on assessing mini-grid performance, identifying technical and operational challenges, quantifying the relationship between electricity demand and supply, and providing recommendations for enhancing rural electrification through mini-grids. These insights are crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of mini-grids in the African context and understanding their role in advancing rural electrification. By using a mixed-method approach, the research combines quantitative and qualitative data to offer a comprehensive analysis of these two mini-grid systems of Namibia. The data collected from 2017 to 2022 include metrics on energy supply, consumption, photovoltaic generation, community load, and meteorological conditions. Qualitative insights were gathered through field visits, surveys, and interviews with mini-grid operators, allowing for a thorough examination of community perspectives, operational issues, and technical performance. The findings reveal that the Tsumkwe mini-grid has seen a decline in efficiency due to maintenance problems and battery overheating, while the Gam mini-grid, initially oversized, now struggles with increased demand and new connections. This study provides the first detailed technical insights, identifies consumer archetypes, and evaluates the energy dynamics of mini-grids in Namibia. Recommendations include improved maintenance protocols, advanced battery management, and enhanced data monitoring. By analyzing Tsumkwe and Gam, this paper offers valuable lessons for mini-grid development in Sub-Saharan Africa, stressing the need for continuous evaluation and strategic improvements to achieve sustainable rural electrification. UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40807-025-00174-y Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40807-025-00174-y UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65316 SN - 2731-9237 VL - 12 IS - 1 PB - SpringerOpen CY - Singapore ER - TY - INPR A1 - Haryanto, Aditya A1 - Vaculin, Ondrej T1 - YoFlow Method for Scenario Based Automatic Accident Detection N2 - Recent advances in sensor and computing technologies have enabled roadside units (RSUs) to not only monitor traffic flow but also process data in real time to improve road safety. However, leveraging RSUs for proactive accident detection remains a challenging and underexplored task, partly due to the lack of diverse accident data. To address this, this study proposes two key contributions: (i) a scenario based synthetic data generation framework, and (ii) YoFlow, a novel system for vehicle-to-vehicle accident detection from a simulated RSU camera perspective. The proposed framework leverages the PEGASUS methodology and the BeamNG.tech simulation platform to create the SB-SIF dataset, which includes five representative intersection crash scenarios derived from German accident data. SB-SIF dataset contains 914 crash videos, 123 near-miss events, and 924 normal traffic instances and is publicly available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15267252. The proposed YoFlow system identifies accidents by analyzing temporal variations in vehicle speed vectors, using YOLO for vehicle classification and CUDA-accelerated dense optical flow to capture abrupt motion changes. Extracted features are processed and classified using an XGBoost model, achieving 94% recall and 90% precision in accident detection. UR - https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.175099959.99453472/v1 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.175099959.99453472/v1 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-60556 PB - TechRxiv CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Salay, Rick A1 - Czarnecki, Krzysztof A1 - Alvarez, Ignacio A1 - Elli, Maria A1 - Sedwards, Sean A1 - Weast, Jack ED - Espinoza, Huáscar ED - Hernández-Orallo, José ED - Chen, Xin Cynthia ED - ÓhÉigeartaigh, Seán S. ED - Huang, Xiaowei ED - Castillo-Effen, Mauricio ED - Mallah, Richard ED - McDermid, John T1 - PURSS: Towards Perceptual Uncertainty Aware Responsibility Sensitive Safety with ML T2 - Proceedings of the Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Safety (SafeAI 2020), co-located with 34th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2020) N2 - Automated driving is an ML-intensive problem and its safety depends on the integrity of perception as well as planning and control. Responsibility Sensitive Safety (RSS) is a recent approach to promote safe planning and control that relies on perfect perception; however, perceptual uncertainty is always present, and this causes the possibility of misperceptions that can lead an autonomous vehicle to allow unsafe actions. In this position paper, we sketch a novel proposal for a formal model of perception coupled with RSS to help mitigate the impact of misperception by using information about perceptual uncertainty. The approach expresses uncertainty as imprecise perceptions that are consumed by RSS and cause it to limit actions to those that support safe behaviour given the perceptual uncertainty. We illustrate our approach using examples and discuss its implications and limitations. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2560/ UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65390 SP - 91 EP - 95 PB - RWTH Aachen CY - Aachen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kutun, Bahar A1 - Schmidt, Werner ED - Michael, Judith ED - Bork, Dominik T1 - BPMN-Rad: Gamifizierte Anwendung zur Unterstützung der Modellierung von Geschäftsprozessen mittels der Modellierungssprache BPMN T2 - Joint Proceedings of Modellierung 2020 Short, Workshop and Tools & Demo Papers N2 - Immer mehr gewinnt Gamification - der Einsatz von spieletypischen Elementen in einem nicht spielerischen Kontext - an Bedeutung, da es in vielen Anwendungsgebieten positive Auswirkung auf die Motivation der Handelnden haben kann. Durch die richtige Kombination von Spielelementen wird eine langfristige Verhaltensänderung und die Aufrechterhaltung der Motivation bei der Durchführung bestimmter Tätigkeiten unterstützt [De11] . Der Wissenstransfer, insbesondere von theoretischen Inhalten, stellt Lehrende und Lernende vor große Herausforderungen, da die Motivation von Lernenden meist nicht stetig aufrechterhalten bleibt. Daher haben wir ein Brettspiel zur Vermittlung von Wissensinhalten entwickelt. Die Implementierungsform fiel auf ein Brettspiel, da Umfragen unter Studenten zufolge Brettspiele bei zwei Dritteln deren beliebteste Spieleart sind [Be16 und Ga10] und mit Brettspielen bisher positive Erfahrungen gesammelt werden konnten [Ta16, Ku18a und Ku18b]. Dem Ansatz von Gamification folgend, soll es die Motivation von Handelnden, in diesem Fall der Lernenden, steigern und den Lernerfolg positiv beeinflussen. Anhand des Spiels sollen sich Lernende theoretische Lerninhalte zu BPMN aneignen und das Gelernte durch die Modellierung eines in textueller Form vorgegebenen Prozesses anwenden. Das Brettspiel konnte bereits in unterschiedlichen Studiengängen mehrerer Hochschulen evaluiert werden. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2542/ UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-21751 SP - 119 EP - 127 PB - RWTH Aachen CY - Aachen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kolios, Alexandros A1 - Goh, Wei Jiah A1 - Ahmed, Awais T1 - Analysis and forecasting of financial risks of German enterprises in the context of unpredictable price dynamics of energy resources T2 - Culegere de articole: Conferinţa știinţifică internaţională, "Paradigme moderne în dezvoltarea economiei naţionale şi mondiale" N2 - The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that at present in Germany there is an unpredictable price dynamics of energy resources, changes in interest rates, the dynamics of the euro exchange rate, and is also due to such factors as the instability of the political situation and the changing principles of state influence in the financial sector. Purpose of the work: to study the economic impact of financial risk on the German financial system, to explore methods for measuring, identifying and managing financial risks at the company level. Research methodology: In the course of the study, such modern methods of studying economic phenomena and processes as a dialectical approach, system analysis, formal logic, statistical research techniques were used. UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7543630 Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7543630 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65332 SN - 978-9975-62-488-6 SP - 133 EP - 136 PB - CEP USM CY - Chișinău ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meintrup, David A1 - Nowak-Machen, Martina A1 - Borgmann, Stefan T1 - A Comparison of Germany and the United Kingdom Indicates That More SARS-CoV-2 Circulation and Less Restrictions in the Warm Season Might Reduce Overall COVID-19 Burden JF - Life N2 - (1) Background: Between March 2020 and January 2022 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused five infection waves in Europe. The first and the second wave was caused by wildtype SARS-CoV-2, while the following waves were caused by the variants of concern Alpha, Delta, and Omicron respectively. (2) Methods: In the present analysis, the first four waves were compared in Germany and the UK, in order to examine the COVID-19 epidemiology and its modulation by non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI). (3) Results: The number of COVID-19 patients on intensive care units and the case fatality rate were used to estimate disease burden, the excess mortality to assess the net effect of NPI and other measures on the population. The UK was more severely affected by the first and the third wave while Germany was more affected by the second wave. The UK had a higher excess mortality during the first wave, afterwards the excess mortality in both countries was nearly identical. While most NPI were lifted in the UK in July 2021, the measures were kept and even aggravated in Germany. Nevertheless, in autumn 2021 Germany was much more affected, nearly resulting in a balanced sum of infections and deaths compared to the UK. Within the whole observation period, in Germany the number of COVID-19 patients on ICUs was up to four times higher than in the UK. Our results show that NPI have a limited effect on COVID-19 burden, seasonality plays a crucial role, and a higher virus circulation in a pre-wave situation could be beneficial. (4) Conclusions: Although Germany put much more effort and resources to fight the pandemic, the net balance of both countries was nearly identical, questioning the benefit of excessive ICU treatments and of the implementation of NPI, especially during the warm season. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/life12070953 KW - COVID-19 KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - non-pharmaceutical interventions KW - seasonality KW - Germany KW - UK KW - excess mortality Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/life12070953 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-26913 SN - 2075-1729 VL - 12 IS - 7 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haghofer, Andreas A1 - Fuchs-Baumgartinger, Andrea A1 - Lipnik, Karoline A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Scharinger, Josef A1 - Weissenböck, Herbert A1 - Winkler, Stephan M. A1 - Bertram, Christof T1 - Histological classification of canine and feline lymphoma using a modular approach based on deep learning and advanced image processing JF - Scientific Reports N2 - AbstractHistopathological examination of tissue samples is essential for identifying tumor malignancy and the diagnosis of different types of tumor. In the case of lymphoma classification, nuclear size of the neoplastic lymphocytes is one of the key features to differentiate the different subtypes. Based on the combination of artificial intelligence and advanced image processing, we provide a workflow for the classification of lymphoma with regards to their nuclear size (small, intermediate, and large). As the baseline for our workflow testing, we use a Unet++ model trained on histological images of canine lymphoma with individually labeled nuclei. As an alternative to the Unet++, we also used a publicly available pre-trained and unmodified instance segmentation model called Stardist to demonstrate that our modular classification workflow can be combined with different types of segmentation models if they can provide proper nuclei segmentation. Subsequent to nuclear segmentation, we optimize algorithmic parameters for accurate classification of nuclear size using a newly derived reference size and final image classification based on a pathologists-derived ground truth. Our image classification module achieves a classification accuracy of up to 92% on canine lymphoma data. Compared to the accuracy ranging from 66.67 to 84% achieved using measurements provided by three individual pathologists, our algorithm provides a higher accuracy level and reproducible results. Our workflow also demonstrates a high transferability to feline lymphoma, as shown by its accuracy of up to 84.21%, even though our workflow was not optimized for feline lymphoma images. By determining the nuclear size distribution in tumor areas, our workflow can assist pathologists in subtyping lymphoma based on the nuclei size and potentially improve reproducibility. Our proposed approach is modular and comprehensible, thus allowing adaptation for specific tasks and increasing the users’ trust in computer-assisted image classification. UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46607-w Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46607-w UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-41415 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirling, Dominik A1 - Tasnadi, Ervin A1 - Caicedo, Juan A1 - Caroprese, Maria V. A1 - Sjögren, Rickard A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Koos, Krisztian A1 - Horvath, Peter T1 - Segmentation metric misinterpretations in bioimage analysis JF - Nature Methods N2 - Quantitative evaluation of image segmentation algorithms is crucial in the field of bioimage analysis. The most common assessment scores, however, are often misinterpreted and multiple definitions coexist with the same name. Here we present the ambiguities of evaluation metrics for segmentation algorithms and show how these misinterpretations can alter leaderboards of influential competitions. We also propose guidelines for how the currently existing problems could be tackled. UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-023-01942-8 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-023-01942-8 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-40491 SN - 1548-7091 SN - 1548-7105 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 213 EP - 216 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sievert, Matti A1 - Mantsopoulos, Konstantinos A1 - Müller, Sarina K. A1 - Eckstein, Markus A1 - Rupp, Robin A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Stelzle, Florian A1 - Oetter, Nicolai A1 - Maier, Andreas A1 - Iro, Heinrich A1 - Goncalves, Miguel T1 - Systematic interpretation of confocal laser endomicroscopy: larynx and pharynx confocal imaging score JF - Acta otorhinolaryngologica italica N2 - Objective. Development and validation of a confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) classification score for the larynx and pharynx. Methods. Thirteen patients (154 video sequences, 9240 images) with laryngeal or pharyngeal SCC were included in this prospective study between October 2020 and February 2021. Each CLE sequence was correlated with the gold standard of histopathological examination. Based on a dataset of 94 video sequences (5640 images), a scoring system was developed. In the remaining 60 sequences (3600 images), the score was validated by four CLE experts and four head and neck surgeons who were not familiar with CLE. Results. Tissue homogeneity, cell size, borders and clusters, capillary loops and the nucleus/ cytoplasm ratio were defined as the scoring criteria. Using this score, the CLE experts obtained an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 90.8%, 95.1%, and 86.4%, respectively, and the CLE non-experts of 86.2%, 86.4%, and 86.1%. Interobserver agreement Fleiss’ kappa was 0.8 and 0.6, respectively. Conclusions. CLE can be reliably evaluated based on defined and reproducible imaging features, which demonstrate a high diagnostic value. CLE can be easily integrated into the intraoperative setting and generate real-time, in-vivo microscopic images to demarcate malignant changes. UR - https://doi.org/10.14639/0392-100X-N1643 KW - confocal laser endomicroscopy KW - head and neck cancer KW - classification system KW - non-invasive histological imaging KW - larynx KW - pharynx Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.14639/0392-100X-N1643 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-29175 SN - 1827-675X VL - 42 IS - 1 SP - 26 EP - 33 PB - Pacini CY - Pisa ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blasch, Julia A1 - van der Kroon, Bianca A1 - van Beukering, Pieter A1 - Munster, R A1 - Fabiani, S A1 - Nino, P A1 - Vanino, S T1 - Farmer preferences for adopting precision farming technologies: a case study from Italy JF - European Review of Agricultural Economics N2 - Precision farming (PF) technologies can help to mitigate the environmental impact of agriculture by reducing fertiliser use and irrigation while saving cost for the farmer. However, these technologies are not widely adopted in Europe. We study farmers’ willingness to adopt PF technologies based on a choice experiment. Among other determinants, we explore the role of social influence for the valuation of PF technology features. The data are analysed using mixed and latent class logit models. Our results show that knowledge of fellow farmers who adopted the technology positively influences the valuation of PF technology features, stressing the importance of networks. UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbaa031 KW - sustainable agriculture KW - technology adoption KW - social networks KW - choice experiment KW - choice modelling Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbaa031 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-21179 SN - 1464-3618 VL - 49 IS - 1 SP - 33 EP - 81 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Decaro, Gianluca A1 - Bogarin Heurich, Sofia A1 - Appel, Patricia B. A1 - Kul, Sergen A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Too Close for Comfort? The Impact of eVTOL-Overflights in Residential Areas on Non-Users' Acceptance T2 - MuC´25: Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Mensch und Computer N2 - Urban Air Mobility (UAM) has the potential to revolutionize commuting by allowing passengers to travel quickly and efficiently within and between cities and airports. However, this innovation also raises concerns for residents on the ground, who are expected to tolerate frequent eVTOL overflights above their homes - an issue that this paper seeks to address. To investigate acceptance of eVTOLs from the perspective of residents on the ground being overflown at 1000 ft, 1500 ft, and 2000 ft, a virtual reality study was conducted. Results showed significant differences in emotions, the feeling of being disturbed by the noise, the spatial proximity, and the presence of the eVTOL in lower altitudes. Additionally, privacy concerns were expressed. The findings help the scientific community and regulators in developing guidelines for operating eVTOLs in residential areas in an acceptable manner for non-passengers. UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3743049.3748548 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3743049.3748548 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-61755 SN - 979-8-4007-1582-2 SP - 744 EP - 748 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rollwagen, Alice A1 - Horn, Alexander A1 - Schmidtner, Stefanie A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Communicating Uncertainty in Arrival Time Predictions for Public Transport: A Comparison of Point and Interval Forecasts T2 - MuC´25: Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Mensch und Computer N2 - In public transport, arrival times are typically communicated as point forecasts, aiming to present precise estimates. However, current prediction models are unable to provide such precise and reliable estimates due to unpredictable events. This results in arrival times on passenger information systems appearing inaccurate due to the lack of communicated uncertainty. We therefore investigated interval forecasts as an alternative in an online study, aiming to better communicate uncertainty in arrival times. Our findings indicate that interval forecasts improve the communication of uncertainty. Further, user satisfaction was driven primarily by waiting time, and this relationship was moderated by the forecast concept. Point forecasts were only well received when the bus arrived as predicted, otherwise users preferred the broader interval forecasts. Participants valued accuracy over precision when judging arrival times. UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3743049.3748542 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3743049.3748542 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-61783 SN - 979-8-4007-1582-2 SP - 515 EP - 519 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Crompton, Laura T1 - The decision-point-dilemma: Yet another problem of responsibility in human-AI interaction JF - Journal of Responsible Technology N2 - AI as decision support supposedly helps human agents make ‘better’ decisions more efficiently. However, research shows that it can, sometimes greatly, influence the decisions of its human users. While there has been a fair amount of research on intended AI influence, there seem to be great gaps within both theoretical and practical studies concerning unintended AI influence. In this paper I aim to address some of these gaps, and hope to shed some light on the ethical and moral concerns that arise with unintended AI influence. I argue that unintended AI influence has important implications for the way we perceive and evaluate human-AI interaction. To make this point approachable from both the theoretical and practical side, and to avoid anthropocentrically-laden ambiguities, I introduce the notion of decision points. Based on this, the main argument of this paper will be presented in two consecutive steps: i) unintended AI influence doesn’t allow for an appropriate determination of decision points - this will be introduced as decision-point-dilemma, and ii) this has important implications for the ascription of responsibility. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100013 Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100013 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-62269 SN - 2666-6596 VL - 2021 IS - 7-8 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - INPR A1 - Battahi, Fouad A1 - Chbani, Zaki A1 - Niederländer, Simon A1 - Riahi, Hassan T1 - Asymptotic behavior of the Arrow–Hurwicz differential system with Tikhonov regularization N2 - In a real Hilbert space setting, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of the classical Arrow–Hurwicz differential system combined with Tikhonov regularizing terms. Under some newly proposed conditions on the Tikhonov terms involved, we show that the solutions of the regularized Arrow–Hurwicz differential system strongly converge toward the element of least norm within its set of zeros. Moreover, we provide fast asymptotic decay rate estimates for the so-called primal-dual gap function and the norm of the solutions' velocity. If, in addition, the Tikhonov regularizing terms are decreasing, we provide some refined estimates in the sense of an exponentially weighted moving average. Under the additional assumption that the governing operator of the Arrow–Hurwicz differential system satisfies a reverse Lipschitz condition, we further provide a fast rate of strong convergence of the solutions toward the unique zero. We conclude our study by deriving the corresponding decay rate estimates with respect to the so-called viscosity curve. Numerical experiments illustrate our theoretical findings. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.17656 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.17656 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-62365 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Geier, Johannes A1 - Heinl, Patrizia ED - Skopik, Florian ED - Naessens, Vincent ED - De Sutter, Bjorn T1 - Towards a Metric to Assess Neural Network Resilience Against Adversarial Samples T2 - Availability, Reliability and Security: ARES 2025 EU Projects Symposium Workshops, Ghent, Belgium, August 11–14, 2025, Proceedings, Part I N2 - Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Existing robustness evaluation methods have notable limitations, which makes robustness assessment challenging. This work explores robustness evaluation techniques and identifies key factors, including distance metrics, loss functions, attack generation algorithms, attacker models, specificity, and computational resources. Building on those factors, a novel robustness metric for classification tasks is proposed. Our metric accounts for both, targeted and untargeted attacks across three attacker models, while incorporating accuracy and loss into a weighted aggregation. The scoring includes robustness-versus-perturbation and loss-versus-perturbation curves. Our robustness metric offers a more reliable evaluation and deeper insights into model vulnerability compared to previous approaches. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-00642-4_16 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-00642-4_16 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-62443 SN - 978-3-032-00642-4 SP - 272 EP - 290 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tröber, Philipp A1 - Welm, Markus A1 - Weiss, Hannes Alois A1 - Demmel, Peter A1 - Golle, Roland A1 - Volk, Wolfram T1 - The influence of process parameters and sheet material on the temperature development in the forming zone JF - Manufacturing Review N2 - Cold metal forming is a fast and economical way of producing a wide range of precise components. Its profitability mainly depends on part quality, process stability, and service intervals of tools. As these factors are all determined by tool wear, detailed process knowledge is indispensable to maximize profitability by minimizing wear. One of the most crucial factors in this context is temperature. During every forming process, a temperature rise occurs between tool and workpiece due to frictional heating and a large part of plastic work dissipating into heat. This phenomenon affects the whole forming process but especially tool wear. Currently, there is little solid information about temperatures occurring during forming operations. Therefore, the temperature was measured based on varying process parameters, sheet materials, and thicknesses in several embossing and blanking examinations. The use of a tool–workpiece thermocouple enabled accurate and instantaneous measurement during the process. The results presented show the strong influence of process and material parameters on temperatures in the forming zone. UR - https://doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2019005 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2019005 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-54186 SN - 2265-4224 VL - 6 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schrepfer, A A1 - Schott, A A1 - Tröber, Philipp A1 - Keunecke, M A1 - Welm, M A1 - Steinlehner, F A1 - Golle, R A1 - Volk, Wolfram T1 - Reduction of adhesive wear with use of tool coating reducing thermoelectric currents JF - IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering N2 - Blanking is one of the main processes in producing sheet metal components. The impact of adhesive wear of the blanking tools on the cost efficiency is high, especially when processing aluminum. As an influencing factor on adhesive wear in blanking, thermoelectric currents have been considered to a very small extent. Recent investigations have shown that thermoelectric currents occur in every blanking tool due to the rise of temperature in the shear zone in interaction with a difference of the material-specific Seebeck coefficients of tool and sheet metal. A reduction in the amount of wear was observed in case of a smaller difference of Seebeck coefficients and therefore lower levels of flowing thermoelectric currents. This paper follows the approach of adjusting the Seebeck coefficient of the tool material CF-H40S+ to the one of the sheet material by means of coating with CrAlN, in order to reduce the flowing thermoelectric currents and consequently adhesive wear. For this purpose, the effect of coating on the Seebeck coefficients, the thermoelectric currents during blanking as well as resulting wear quantities were investigated. Basic correlations could be revealed. UR - https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1238/1/012033 Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1238/1/012033 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-53977 SN - 1757-8981 VL - 2024 IS - 1238 PB - IOP Publishing CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prüfer, Kevin A1 - Weisser, Eduard A1 - Glushych, Viktor A1 - Tröber, Philipp A1 - Hartmann, Christoph A1 - Volk, Wolfram T1 - Seebeck Coefficient Modification via Extreme High-Speed Laser Material Deposition for Tool Materials JF - Procedia CIRP N2 - During blanking and cold forming of metals, thermoelectricity almost always occurs. While thermoelectric voltages can be used for temperature measurement via a tool-workpiece thermocouple, currents significantly influence adhesion formation. In both cases, the thermoelectric behavior of tool and workpiece materials, characterized by the Seebeck coefficient, plays a decisive role. While a large difference in coefficients increases the accuracy of temperature measurement, similar coefficients improve wear behavior. Currently, there is no method to adjust the Seebeck coefficient of materials without experimental procedures, which restricts the selection of tool materials based on their Seebeck coefficient. This study presents a novel approach for adjusting the Seebeck coefficient of tool steels using tailored coatings applied by extreme high-speed laser material deposition (EHLA). Therefore, an analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of chemical composition, substrate material and its heat treatment on the thermoelectric and mechanical behavior of the coating. The results demonstrate that targeted modification via tailored EHLA coatings is possible. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2025.02.265 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2025.02.265 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-62460 SN - 2212-8271 VL - 2025 IS - 137 SP - 265 EP - 270 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Platz, Melanie A1 - Klan, Friederike A1 - Decker, Alexander Johannes ED - Granitzer, Michael ED - Güetl, Christian ED - Plote, Christine ED - Voigt, Stefan ED - Wagner, Andreas T1 - Developing and promoting search engine literacy in primary education T2 - Proceedings of 4th International Open Search Symposium #ossym2022, CERN, Geneva Switzerland, 10-12 October 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8066392 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8066392 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-45870 SN - 978-92-9083-646-9 SP - 43 EP - 48 PB - Zenodo CY - Genf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Stathonikos, Nikolas A1 - Donovan, Taryn A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Ammeling, Jonas A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Wilm, Frauke A1 - Veta, Mitko A1 - Jabari, Samir A1 - Eckstein, Markus A1 - Annuscheit, Jonas A1 - Krumnow, Christian A1 - Bozaba, Engin A1 - Cayir, Sercan A1 - Gu, Hongyan A1 - Chen, Xiang A1 - Jahanifar, Mostafa A1 - Shephard, Adam A1 - Kondo, Satoshi A1 - Kasai, Satoshi A1 - Kotte, Sujatha A1 - Saipradeep, Vangala A1 - Lafarge, Maxime W. A1 - Koelzer, Viktor H. A1 - Wang, Ziyue A1 - Zhang, Yongbing A1 - Yang, Sen A1 - Wang, Xiyue A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Bertram, Christof T1 - Domain generalization across tumor types, laboratories, and species — Insights from the 2022 edition of the Mitosis Domain Generalization Challenge JF - Medical Image Analysis N2 - Recognition of mitotic figures in histologic tumor specimens is highly relevant to patient outcome assessment. This task is challenging for algorithms and human experts alike, with deterioration of algorithmic performance under shifts in image representations. Considerable covariate shifts occur when assessment is performed on different tumor types, images are acquired using different digitization devices, or specimens are produced in different laboratories. This observation motivated the inception of the 2022 challenge on MItosis Domain Generalization (MIDOG 2022). The challenge provided annotated histologic tumor images from six different domains and evaluated the algorithmic approaches for mitotic figure detection provided by nine challenge participants on ten independent domains. Ground truth for mitotic figure detection was established in two ways: a three-expert majority vote and an independent, immunohistochemistry-assisted set of labels. This work represents an overview of the challenge tasks, the algorithmic strategies employed by the participants, and potential factors contributing to their success. With an score of 0.764 for the top-performing team, we summarize that domain generalization across various tumor domains is possible with today’s deep learning-based recognition pipelines. However, we also found that domain characteristics not present in the training set (feline as new species, spindle cell shape as new morphology and a new scanner) led to small but significant decreases in performance. When assessed against the immunohistochemistry-assisted reference standard, all methods resulted in reduced recall scores, with only minor changes in the order of participants in the ranking. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2024.103155 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2024.103155 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-58479 SN - 1361-8423 VL - 2024 IS - 94 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Marzahl, Christian A1 - Ammeling, Jonas A1 - Rosbach, Emely A1 - Richter, Barbara A1 - Puget, Chloé A1 - Denk, Daniela A1 - Demeter, Elena A. A1 - Tabaran, Flaviu A. A1 - Wasinger, Gabriel A1 - Lipnik, Karoline A1 - Tecilla, Marco A1 - Valentine, Matthew J. A1 - Dark, Michael A1 - Abele, Niklas A1 - Bolfa, Pompei A1 - Erber, Ramona A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Merz, Sophie A1 - Donovan, Taryn A1 - Jabari, Samir A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Aubreville, Marc T1 - Information mismatch in PHH3-assisted mitosis annotation leads to interpretation shifts in H&E slide analysis JF - Scientific Reports N2 - The count of mitotic figures (MFs) observed in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides is an important prognostic marker, as it is a measure for tumor cell proliferation. However, the identification of MFs has a known low inter-rater agreement. In a computer-aided setting, deep learning algorithms can help to mitigate this, but they require large amounts of annotated data for training and validation. Furthermore, label noise introduced during the annotation process may impede the algorithms’ performance. Unlike H&E, where identification of MFs is based mainly on morphological features, the mitosis-specific antibody phospho-histone H3 (PHH3) specifically highlights MFs. Counting MFs on slides stained against PHH3 leads to higher agreement among raters and has therefore recently been used as a ground truth for the annotation of MFs in H&E. However, as PHH3 facilitates the recognition of cells indistinguishable from H&E staining alone, the use of this ground truth could potentially introduce an interpretation shift and even label noise into the H&E-related dataset, impacting model performance. This study analyzes the impact of PHH3-assisted MF annotation on inter-rater reliability and object level agreement through an extensive multi-rater experiment. Subsequently, MF detectors, including a novel dual-stain detector, were evaluated on the resulting datasets to investigate the influence of PHH3-assisted labeling on the models’ performance. We found that the annotators’ object-level agreement significantly increased when using PHH3-assisted labeling (F1: 0.53 to 0.74). However, this enhancement in label consistency did not translate to improved performance for H&E-based detectors, neither during the training phase nor the evaluation phase. Conversely, the dual-stain detector was able to benefit from the higher consistency. This reveals an information mismatch between the H&E and PHH3-stained images as the cause of this effect, which renders PHH3-assisted annotations not well-aligned for use with H&E-based detectors. Based on our findings, we propose an improved PHH3-assisted labeling procedure. UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77244-6 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77244-6 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-53559 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 14 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haghofer, Andreas A1 - Parlak, Eda A1 - Bartel, Alexander A1 - Donovan, Taryn A1 - Assenmacher, Charles-Antoine A1 - Bolfa, Pompei A1 - Dark, Michael A1 - Fuchs-Baumgartinger, Andrea A1 - Klang, Andrea A1 - Jäger, Kathrin A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Merz, Sophie A1 - Richter, Barbara A1 - Schulman, F. Yvonne A1 - Janout, Hannah A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Scharinger, Josef A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Winkler, Stephan M. A1 - Kiupel, Matti A1 - Bertram, Christof T1 - Nuclear pleomorphism in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors: Comparison of reproducibility and prognostic relevance between estimates, manual morphometry, and algorithmic morphometry JF - Veterinary Pathology N2 - Variation in nuclear size and shape is an important criterion of malignancy for many tumor types; however, categorical estimates by pathologists have poor reproducibility. Measurements of nuclear characteristics can improve reproducibility, but current manual methods are time-consuming. The aim of this study was to explore the limitations of estimates and develop alternative morphometric solutions for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (ccMCTs). We assessed the following nuclear evaluation methods for accuracy, reproducibility, and prognostic utility: (1) anisokaryosis estimates by 11 pathologists; (2) gold standard manual morphometry of at least 100 nuclei; (3) practicable manual morphometry with stratified sampling of 12 nuclei by 9 pathologists; and (4) automated morphometry using deep learning–based segmentation. The study included 96 ccMCTs with available outcome information. Inter-rater reproducibility of anisokaryosis estimates was low (k = 0.226), whereas it was good (intraclass correlation = 0.654) for practicable morphometry of the standard deviation (SD) of nuclear size. As compared with gold standard manual morphometry (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.839, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.701–0.977), the prognostic value (tumor-specific survival) of SDs of nuclear area for practicable manual morphometry and automated morphometry were high with an AUC of 0.868 (95% CI = 0.737–0.991) and 0.943 (95% CI = 0.889–0.996), respectively. This study supports the use of manual morphometry with stratified sampling of 12 nuclei and algorithmic morphometry to overcome the poor reproducibility of estimates. Further studies are needed to validate our findings, determine inter-algorithmic reproducibility and algorithmic robustness, and explore tumor heterogeneity of nuclear features in entire tumor sections. UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858241295399 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858241295399 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-53661 SN - 1544-2217 SN - 0300-9858 VL - 62 IS - 2 SP - 161 EP - 177 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stathonikos, Nikolas A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - de Vries, Sjoerd A1 - Wilm, Frauke A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Veta, Mitko A1 - van Diest, Paul J T1 - Breast cancer survival prediction using an automated mitosis detection pipeline JF - The Journal of Pathology: Clinical Research N2 - AbstractMitotic count (MC) is the most common measure to assess tumor proliferation in breast cancer patients and is highly predictive of patient outcomes. It is, however, subject to inter‐ and intraobserver variation and reproducibility challenges that may hamper its clinical utility. In past studies, artificial intelligence (AI)‐supported MC has been shown to correlate well with traditional MC on glass slides. Considering the potential of AI to improve reproducibility of MC between pathologists, we undertook the next validation step by evaluating the prognostic value of a fully automatic method to detect and count mitoses on whole slide images using a deep learning model. The model was developed in the context of the Mitosis Domain Generalization Challenge 2021 (MIDOG21) grand challenge and was expanded by a novel automatic area selector method to find the optimal mitotic hotspot and calculate the MC per 2 mm2. We employed this method on a breast cancer cohort with long‐term follow‐up from the University Medical Centre Utrecht (N = 912) and compared predictive values for overall survival of AI‐based MC and light‐microscopic MC, previously assessed during routine diagnostics. The MIDOG21 model was prognostically comparable to the original MC from the pathology report in uni‐ and multivariate survival analysis. In conclusion, a fully automated MC AI algorithm was validated in a large cohort of breast cancer with regard to retained prognostic value compared with traditional light‐microscopic MC. UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/2056-4538.70008 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/2056-4538.70008 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-53087 SN - 2056-4538 VL - 10 IS - 6 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glahn, Imaine A1 - Haghofer, Andreas A1 - Donovan, Taryn A1 - Degasperi, Brigitte A1 - Bartel, Alexander A1 - Kreilmeier-Berger, Theresa A1 - Hyndman, Philip S. A1 - Janout, Hannah A1 - Assenmacher, Charles-Antoine A1 - Bartenschlager, Florian A1 - Bolfa, Pompei A1 - Dark, Michael A1 - Klang, Andrea A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Merz, Sophie A1 - Richter, Barbara A1 - Schulman, F. Yvonne A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Scharinger, Josef A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Winkler, Stephan M. A1 - Bertram, Christof T1 - Automated Nuclear Morphometry: A Deep Learning Approach for Prognostication in Canine Pulmonary Carcinoma to Enhance Reproducibility JF - Veterinary Sciences N2 - The integration of deep learning-based tools into diagnostic workflows is increasingly prevalent due to their efficiency and reproducibility in various settings. We investigated the utility of automated nuclear morphometry for assessing nuclear pleomorphism (NP), a criterion of malignancy in the current grading system in canine pulmonary carcinoma (cPC), and its prognostic implications. We developed a deep learning-based algorithm for evaluating NP (variation in size, i.e., anisokaryosis and/or shape) using a segmentation model. Its performance was evaluated on 46 cPC cases with comprehensive follow-up data regarding its accuracy in nuclear segmentation and its prognostic ability. Its assessment of NP was compared to manual morphometry and established prognostic tests (pathologists’ NP estimates (n = 11), mitotic count, histological grading, and TNM-stage). The standard deviation (SD) of the nuclear area, indicative of anisokaryosis, exhibited good discriminatory ability for tumor-specific survival, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 and a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.38. The algorithm achieved values comparable to manual morphometry. In contrast, the pathologists’ estimates of anisokaryosis resulted in HR values ranging from 0.86 to 34.8, with slight inter-observer reproducibility (k = 0.204). Other conventional tests had no significant prognostic value in our study cohort. Fully automated morphometry promises a time-efficient and reproducible assessment of NP with a high prognostic value. Further refinement of the algorithm, particularly to address undersegmentation, and application to a larger study population are required. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11060278 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11060278 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-48612 SN - 2306-7381 VL - 11 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Ammeling, Jonas A1 - Jabari, Samir A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Aubreville, Marc T1 - Re-identification from histopathology images JF - Medical Image Analysis N2 - In numerous studies, deep learning algorithms have proven their potential for the analysis of histopathology images, for example, for revealing the subtypes of tumors or the primary origin of metastases. These models require large datasets for training, which must be anonymized to prevent possible patient identity leaks. This study demonstrates that even relatively simple deep learning algorithms can re-identify patients in large histopathology datasets with substantial accuracy. In addition, we compared a comprehensive set of state-of-the-art whole slide image classifiers and feature extractors for the given task. We evaluated our algorithms on two TCIA datasets including lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We also demonstrate the algorithm’s performance on an in-house dataset of meningioma tissue. We predicted the source patient of a slide with 𝐹1 scores of up to 80.1% and 77.19% on the LSCC and LUAD datasets, respectively, and with 77.09% on our meningioma dataset. Based on our findings, we formulated a risk assessment scheme to estimate the risk to the patient’s privacy prior to publication. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2024.103335 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2024.103335 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-53025 SN - 1361-8423 SN - 1361-8415 VL - 2025 IS - 99 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilm, Frauke A1 - Ihling, Christian A1 - Méhes, Gábor A1 - Terracciano, Luigi A1 - Puget, Chloé A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Schüffler, Peter A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Maier, Andreas A1 - Mrowiec, Thomas A1 - Breininger, Katharina T1 - Pan-tumor T-lymphocyte detection using deep neural networks: Recommendations for transfer learning in immunohistochemistry JF - Journal of Pathology Informatics N2 - The success of immuno-oncology treatments promises long-term cancer remission for an increasing number of patients. The response to checkpoint inhibitor drugs has shown a correlation with the presence of immune cells in the tumor and tumor microenvironment. An in-depth understanding of the spatial localization of immune cells is therefore critical for understanding the tumor’s immune landscape and predicting drug response. Computer-aided systems are well suited for efficiently quantifying immune cells in their spatial context. Conventional image analysis approaches are often based on color features and therefore require a high level of manual interaction. More robust image analysis methods based on deep learning are expected to decrease this reliance on human interaction and improve the reproducibility of immune cell scoring. However, these methods require sufficient training data and previous work has reported low robustness of these algorithms when they are tested on out-of-distribution data from different pathology labs or samples from different organs. In this work, we used a new image analysis pipeline to explicitly evaluate the robustness of marker-labeled lymphocyte quantification algorithms depending on the number of training samples before and after being transferred to a new tumor indication. For these experiments, we adapted the RetinaNet architecture for the task of T-lymphocyte detection and employed transfer learning to bridge the domain gap between tumor indications and reduce the annotation costs for unseen domains. On our test set, we achieved human-level performance for almost all tumor indications with an average precision of 0.74 in-domain and 0.72–0.74 cross-domain. From our results, we derive recommendations for model development regarding annotation extent, training sample selection, and label extraction for the development of robust algorithms for immune cell scoring. By extending the task of marker-labeled lymphocyte quantification to a multi-class detection task, the pre-requisite for subsequent analyses, e.g., distinguishing lymphocytes in the tumor stroma from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, is met. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpi.2023.100301 KW - Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes KW - Immuno-oncology KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Deep learning KW - Transfer learning KW - Domain adaptation Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpi.2023.100301 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-40458 SN - 2153-3539 VL - 2023 IS - 14 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fragoso-Garcia, Marco A1 - Wilm, Frauke A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Merz, Sophie A1 - Schmidt, Anja A1 - Donovan, Taryn A1 - Fuchs-Baumgartinger, Andrea A1 - Bartel, Alexander A1 - Marzahl, Christian A1 - Diehl, Laura A1 - Puget, Chloe A1 - Maier, Andreas A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert T1 - Automated diagnosis of 7 canine skin tumors using machine learning on H&E-stained whole slide images JF - Veterinary Pathology N2 - Microscopic evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides is still the diagnostic gold standard for a variety of diseases, including neoplasms. Nevertheless, intra- and interrater variability are well documented among pathologists. So far, computer assistance via automated image analysis has shown potential to support pathologists in improving accuracy and reproducibility of quantitative tasks. In this proof of principle study, we describe a machine-learning-based algorithm for the automated diagnosis of 7 of the most common canine skin tumors: trichoblastoma, squamous cell carcinoma, peripheral nerve sheath tumor, melanoma, histiocytoma, mast cell tumor, and plasmacytoma. We selected, digitized, and annotated 350 hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides (50 per tumor type) to create a database divided into training, n = 245 whole-slide images (WSIs), validation ( n = 35 WSIs), and test sets ( n = 70 WSIs). Full annotations included the 7 tumor classes and 6 normal skin structures. The data set was used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the automatic segmentation of tumor and nontumor classes. Subsequently, the detected tumor regions were classified patch-wise into 1 of the 7 tumor classes. A majority of patches-approach led to a tumor classification accuracy of the network on the slide-level of 95% (133/140 WSIs), with a patch-level precision of 85%. The same 140 WSIs were provided to 6 experienced pathologists for diagnosis, who achieved a similar slide-level accuracy of 98% (137/140 correct majority votes). Our results highlight the feasibility of artificial intelligence-based methods as a support tool in diagnostic oncologic pathology with future applications in other species and tumor types. UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858231189205 KW - computer-aided diagnosis KW - computational pathology KW - digital pathology KW - dog KW - machine learning KW - skin KW - veterinary oncology Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858231189205 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-38321 SN - 0300-9858 VL - 60 IS - 6 SP - 865 EP - 875 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krügel, Sebastian A1 - Ammeling, Jonas A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Fritz, Alexis A1 - Kießig, Angelika A1 - Uhl, Matthias T1 - Perceived responsibility in AI-supported medicine JF - AI & Society: Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Communication N2 - In a representative vignette study in Germany with 1,653 respondents, we investigated laypeople’s attribution of moral responsibility in collaborative medical diagnosis. Specifically, we compare people’s judgments in a setting in which physicians are supported by an AI-based recommender system to a setting in which they are supported by a human colleague. It turns out that people tend to attribute moral responsibility to the artificial agent, although this is traditionally considered a category mistake in normative ethics. This tendency is stronger when people believe that AI may become conscious at some point. In consequence, less responsibility is attributed to human agents in settings with hybrid diagnostic teams than in settings with human-only diagnostic teams. Our findings may have implications for behavior exhibited in contexts of collaborative medical decision making with AI-based as opposed to human recommenders because less responsibility is attributed to agents who have the mental capacity to care about outcomes. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-01972-6 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-01972-6 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-57874 SN - 1435-5655 VL - 40 SP - 1485 EP - 1495 PB - Springer CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sievert, Matti A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Gostian, Antoniu-Oreste A1 - Mantsopoulos, Konstantinos A1 - Koch, Michael A1 - Müller, Sarina K. A1 - Eckstein, Markus A1 - Rupp, Robin A1 - Stelzle, Florian A1 - Oetter, Nicolai A1 - Maier, Andreas A1 - Iro, Heinrich A1 - Goncalves, Miguel T1 - Validity of tissue homogeneity in confocal laser endomicroscopy on the diagnosis of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma JF - European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head & Neck N2 - Purpose Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) allows imaging of the laryngeal mucosa in a thousand-fold magnification. This study analyzes differences in tissue homogeneity between healthy mucosa and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) via CLE. Materials and methods We included five SCC patients with planned total laryngectomy in this study between October 2020 and February 2021. We captured CLE scans of the tumor and healthy mucosa. Analysis of image homogeneity to diagnose SCC was performed by measuring the signal intensity in four regions of interest (ROI) in each frame in a total of 60 sequences. Each sequence was assigned to the corresponding histological pattern, derived from hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, we recorded the subjective evaluation of seven investigators regarding tissue homogeneity. Results Out of 3600 images, 1620 (45%) correlated with benign mucosa and 1980 (55%) with SCC. ROIs of benign mucosa and SCC had a mean and standard deviation (SD) of signal intensity of, respectively, 232.1 ± 3.34 and 467.3 ± 9.72 (P < 0.001). The mean SD between the four different ROIs was 39.1 ± 1.03 for benign and 101.5 ± 2.6 for SCC frames (P < 0.001). In addition, homogeneity yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 81.8% and 86.2%, respectively, regarding the investigator-dependent analysis. Conclusions SCC shows a significant tissue inhomogeneity in comparison to the healthy epithelium. The results support this feature’s importance in identifying malignant mucosa areas during CLE examination. However, the examiner-dependent evaluation emphasizes that homogeneity is a sub-criterion that must be considered in a broad context. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-022-07304-y KW - confocal laser endomicroscopy KW - head and neck cancer KW - classification system KW - non-invasive histological imaging KW - larynx KW - pharynx Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-022-07304-y UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-23180 SN - 1434-4726 SN - 0937-4477 VL - 279 IS - 8 SP - 4147 EP - 4156 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sievert, Matti A1 - Mantsopoulos, Konstantinos A1 - Müller, Sarina K. A1 - Rupp, Robin A1 - Eckstein, Markus A1 - Stelzle, Florian A1 - Oetter, Nicolai A1 - Maier, Andreas A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Iro, Heinrich A1 - Goncalves, Miguel T1 - Validation of a classification and scoring system for the diagnosis of laryngeal and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas by confocal laser endomicroscopy JF - Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology N2 - Introduction Confocal laser endomicroscopy is an optical imaging technique that allows in vivo, real-time, microscope-like images of the upper aerodigestive tract’s mucosa. The assessment of morphological tissue characteristics for the correct differentiation between healthy and malignant suspected mucosa requires strict evaluation criteria. Objective This study aims to validate an eight-point score for the correct assessment of malignancy. Methods We performed confocal laser endomicroscopy between March and October 2020 in 13 patients. 197 sequences (11.820 images) originated from the marginal area of pharyngeal and laryngeal carcinomas. Specimens were taken at corresponding locations and analyzed in H&E staining as a standard of reference. A total of six examiners evaluated the sequences based on a scoring system; they were blinded to the histopathological examination. The primary endpoints are sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Secondary endpoints are interrater reliability and receiver operator characteristics. Results Healthy mucosa showed epithelium with uniform size and shape with distinct cytoplasmic membranes and regular vessel architecture. Confocal laser endomicroscopy of malignant cells demonstrated a disorganized arrangement of variable cellular morphology. We calculated an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 83.2%, 81.3%, 85.5%, 86.7%, and 79.7%, respectively, with a κ-value of 0.64, and an area under the curve of 0.86. Conclusion The results confirm that this scoring system is applicable in the laryngeal and pharyngeal mucosa to classify benign and malignant tissue. A scoring system based on defined and reproducible characteristics can help translate this experimental method to broad clinical practice in head and neck diagnosis. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.06.002 KW - confocal laser endomicroscopy KW - squamous cell carcinoma KW - head and neck cancer KW - diagnosis Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.06.002 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-20887 SN - 1808-8694 VL - 2022 IS - 88, S4 SP - 26 EP - 32 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sievert, Matti A1 - Eckstein, Markus A1 - Mantsopoulos, Konstantinos A1 - Müller, Sarina K. A1 - Stelzle, Florian A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Oetter, Nicolai A1 - Maier, Andreas A1 - Iro, Heinrich A1 - Goncalves, Miguel T1 - Impact of intraepithelial capillary loops and atypical vessels in confocal laser endomicroscopy for the diagnosis of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma JF - European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head & Neck N2 - Purpose Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) allows surface imaging of the laryngeal and pharyngeal mucosa in vivo at a thousand-fold magnification. This study aims to compare irregular blood vessels and intraepithelial capillary loops in healthy mucosa and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) via CLE. Materials and methods We included ten patients with confirmed SCC and planned total laryngectomy in this study between March 2020 and February 2021. CLE images of these patients were collected and compared with the corresponding histology in hematoxylin and eosin staining. We analyzed the characteristic endomicroscopic patterns of blood vessels and intraepithelial capillary loops for the diagnosis of SCC. Results In a total of 54 sequences, we identified 243 blood vessels which were analyzed regarding structure, diameter, and Fluorescein leakage, confirming that irregular, corkscrew-like vessels (24.4% vs. 1.3%; P < .001), dilated intraepithelial capillary loops (90.8% vs. 28.7%; P < .001), and increased capillary leakage (40.7% vs. 2.5%; P < .001), are significantly more frequently detected in SCC compared to the healthy epithelium. We defined a vessel diameter of 30 μm in capillary loops as a cut-off value, obtaining a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV and accuracy of 90.6%, 71.3%, 57.4%, 94.7%, and 77.1%, respectively, for the detection of malignancy based solely on capillary architecture. Conclusion Capillaries within malignant lesions are fundamentally different from those in healthy mucosa regions. The capillary architecture is a significant feature aiding the identification of malignant mucosa areas during in-vivo, real-time CLE examination. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-06954-8 KW - confocal laser endomicroscopy KW - head and neck squamous cell carcinoma KW - capillary loops KW - malignant vascularization KW - head and neck malignancies Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-06954-8 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-23196 SN - 1434-4726 SN - 0937-4477 VL - 279 IS - 4 SP - 2029 EP - 2037 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Marzahl, Christian A1 - Bartel, Alexander A1 - Stayt, Jason A1 - Bonsembiante, Federico A1 - Beeler-Marfisi, Janet A1 - Barton, Ann K. A1 - Brocca, Ginevra A1 - Gelain, Maria Elena A1 - Gläsel, Agnes C. A1 - du Preez, Kelly A1 - Weiler, Kristina A1 - Weissenbacher-Lang, Christiane A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Maier, Andreas A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Hill, Jenny T1 - Cytologic scoring of equine exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage: Performance of human experts and a deep learning-based algorithm JF - Veterinary Pathology N2 - Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) is a relevant respiratory disease in sport horses, which can be diagnosed by examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells using the total hemosiderin score (THS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility of annotators and to validate a deep learning-based algorithm for the THS. Digitized cytological specimens stained for iron were prepared from 52 equine BALF samples. Ten annotators produced a THS for each slide according to published methods. The reference methods for comparing annotator’s and algorithmic performance included a ground truth dataset, the mean annotators’ THSs, and chemical iron measurements. Results of the study showed that annotators had marked interobserver variability of the THS, which was mostly due to a systematic error between annotators in grading the intracytoplasmatic hemosiderin content of individual macrophages. Regarding overall measurement error between the annotators, 87.7% of the variance could be reduced by using standardized grades based on the ground truth. The algorithm was highly consistent with the ground truth in assigning hemosiderin grades. Compared with the ground truth THS, annotators had an accuracy of diagnosing EIPH (THS of < or ≥ 75) of 75.7%, whereas, the algorithm had an accuracy of 92.3% with no relevant differences in correlation with chemical iron measurements. The results show that deep learning-based algorithms are useful for improving reproducibility and routine applicability of the THS. For THS by experts, a diagnostic uncertainty interval of 40 to 110 is proposed. THSs within this interval have insufficient reproducibility regarding the EIPH diagnosis. UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858221137582 KW - artificial intelligence KW - automated image analysis KW - bronchoalveolar lavage fluid KW - computational pathology KW - digital pathology KW - equine KW - pulmonary hemorrhage KW - respiratory disease KW - total hemosiderin score Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858221137582 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-35196 SN - 1544-2217 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 75 EP - 85 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marzahl, Christian A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Maier, Jennifer A1 - Bergler, Christian A1 - Kröger, Christine A1 - Voigt, Jörn A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Maier, Andreas T1 - EXACT: a collaboration toolset for algorithm-aided annotation of images with annotation version control JF - Scientific Reports N2 - In many research areas, scientific progress is accelerated by multidisciplinary access to image data and their interdisciplinary annotation. However, keeping track of these annotations to ensure a high-quality multi-purpose data set is a challenging and labour intensive task. We developed the open-source online platform EXACT (EXpert Algorithm Collaboration Tool) that enables the collaborative interdisciplinary analysis of images from different domains online and offline. EXACT supports multi-gigapixel medical whole slide images as well as image series with thousands of images. The software utilises a flexible plugin system that can be adapted to diverse applications such as counting mitotic figures with a screening mode, finding false annotations on a novel validation view, or using the latest deep learning image analysis technologies. This is combined with a version control system which makes it possible to keep track of changes in the data sets and, for example, to link the results of deep learning experiments to specific data set versions. EXACT is freely available and has already been successfully applied to a broad range of annotation tasks, including highly diverse applications like deep learning supported cytology scoring, interdisciplinary multi-centre whole slide image tumour annotation, and highly specialised whale sound spectroscopy clustering. UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83827-4 Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83827-4 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10943 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sievert, Matti A1 - Stelzle, Florian A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Müller, Sarina K. A1 - Eckstein, Markus A1 - Oetter, Nicolai A1 - Maier, Andreas A1 - Mantsopoulos, Konstantinos A1 - Iro, Heinrich A1 - Goncalves, Miguel T1 - Intraoperative free margins assessment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with confocal laser endomicroscopy: a pilot study JF - European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head & Neck N2 - Purpose This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility of intraoperative assessment of safe margins with confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) during oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) surgery. Methods We included five consecutive patients confirmed OPSCC and planned tumor resection in September and October 2020. Healthy appearing mucosa in the marginal zone, and the tumor margin, were examined with CLE and biopsy during tumor resection. A total of 12,809 CLE frames were correlated with the gold standard of hematoxylin and eosin staining. Three head and neck surgeons and one pathologist were asked to identify carcinoma in a sample of 169 representative images, blinded to the histological results. Results Healthy mucosa showed epithelium with uniform size and shape with distinct cytoplasmic membranes and regular vessel architecture. CLE optical biopsy of OPSCC demonstrated a disorganized arrangement of variable cellular morphology. We calculated an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 86%, 90%, 79%, 88%, and 82%, respectively, with inter-rater reliability and κ-value of 0.60. Conclusion CLE can be easily integrated into the intraoperative setting, generate real-time, in-vivo microscopic images of the oropharynx for evaluation and demarcation of cancer. It can eventually contribute to a less radical approach by enabling a more precise evaluation of the cancer margin. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-06659-y KW - Confocal laser endomicroscopy KW - Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma KW - Safe surgical margins KW - Head and neck malignancies Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-06659-y UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10914 SN - 1434-4726 SN - 0937-4477 VL - 278 IS - 11 SP - 4433 EP - 4439 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haryanto, Aditya A1 - Vaculin, Ondrej T1 - YoFlow Method for Scenario Based Automatic Accident Detection JF - IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems N2 - Recent advances in sensor and computing technologies have enabled road side units (RSUs) to not only monitor traffic flow but also process data in real time to improve road safety. However, leveraging RSUs for proactive accident detection remains a challenging and underexplored task, partly due to the lack of diverse accident data. To address this, this study proposes two key contributions: (i) a scenario-based synthetic data generation framework, and (ii) YoFlow, a novel system for vehicle-tovehicle accident detection from a simulated RSU camera perspective. The proposed framework leverages the PEGASUS method for scenario generation strategy and BeamNG.tech for generating synthetic traffic videos. This approach led to the development of the SB-SIF dataset, which includes five representative intersection crash scenarios derived from German accident data. The SB-SIF dataset contains 914 crash videos, 123 near-miss events, and 924 normal traffic instances and is publicly available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15267252. The proposed YoFlow system identifies accidents by analyzing temporal variations in vehicle speed vectors, using YOLO for vehicle classification and CUDA-accelerated dense optical flow to capture abrupt motion changes. The extracted features are processed and classified using an XGBoost model, achieving 94% recall and 90% precision in accident detection. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/OJITS.2025.3639557 KW - accident detection KW - traffic accident KW - surveillance camera KW - optical flow KW - traffic scenarios Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/OJITS.2025.3639557 SN - 2687-7813 VL - 7 SP - 61 EP - 73 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaupp, Sabine A1 - Huber, Florian T1 - Does mental model similarity equal innovation team performance? JF - Innovation & Management Review N2 - Purpose This paper addresses challenges and opportunities of interdisciplinary teamwork in innovation management, focusing on how team mental models (TMMs) can foster more effective collaboration among team members from diverse backgrounds. The research examines the relationship between TMM similarity and team performance in interdisciplinary innovation teams. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory study was conducted with 55 participants across 15 teams. TMM similarity was measured by analyzing team interactions using a web-based interface that facilitated contrasted comparison ratings. These ratings were first processed into individual graphs via a shortest-node-finding pathfinder algorithm, then compared. Subject matter experts evaluated team performance. Findings The results reveal a significant positive correlation between TMM similarity and team performance in interdisciplinary innovation teams, suggesting that greater alignment in team members' mental models enhances overall innovation project performance. Research limitations/implications Although the academic programs sampled replicate the environment, challenges and various other aspects of innovation projects, they can only be considered proxies for innovation projects within real organizations. Further research within professional environments, using a larger sample, is recommended. Practical implications The findings highlight the value of assessing and fostering TMM similarity to improve teamwork and performance in interdisciplinary innovation projects. The interface and code used are publicly available to encourage their implementation in organizations. Originality/value This research provides novel insights into the application of TMMs within interdisciplinary innovation teams, extending the concept beyond its traditional use in unidisciplinary and structured task settings. UR - https://doi.org/10.1108/INMR-09-2023-0152 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1108/INMR-09-2023-0152 SN - 2515-8961 VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 280 EP - 292 PB - Emerald CY - Bingley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Panzer, Hannes A1 - Landesberger, Martin A1 - Luzin, Vladimir A1 - Rauner, Dominik A1 - Wolf, Daniel A1 - Zaeh, Michael T1 - Evaluating the predictive capabilities of part-scale residual stress simulations of PBF-LB/M up to crack formation by a comparison to neutron diffraction JF - Engineering Fracture Mechanics N2 - Additive manufacturing technologies have proven to be an excellent alternative to conventional production methods, especially when geometrically complex parts and low production quantities are aimed at. Specifically, powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M) additionally allows for the manufacturing of mechanically highly stressable parts. However, the heat input through the laser beam into the material and an irregular cooling during the processing result in the formation of high residual stresses. These lead to form deviations outside the specified tolerances and may accumulate to an extent, at which stress-induced cracking occurs. This emphasizes the need for an accurate prediction of the residual stresses during the PBF-LB/M process with the goal of a first-time-right additive manufacturing. In this study, three specimens exhibiting high residual stress formations during PBF-LB/M were manufactured from the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718. Afterwards, the stresses were measured by means of neutron diffraction. The results provided the validation data for a subsequent finite element simulation, representing the build-up process on a part-scale, in which the data evaluation was conducted in accordance with the measurements for a high comparability. A comparison between the simulation and the neutron diffraction results of all three specimens showed a very good agreement of the normal stresses in all three coordinate directions, both for tensile and compressive stresses. The obtained results highlight the validity of the applied simplified part-scale simulation. The latter can, therefore, be utilized to increase the process understanding of residual stress and crack formations. It can also be used to enable process parameter modifications or geometry adaptions, aiming at a first-time-right additive manufacturing. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111713 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111713 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65712 SN - 0013-7944 VL - 2026 IS - 331 PB - Elsevier CY - Kidlington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Sebastian-Manuel A1 - Zeh, Stefan A1 - Anders, Karina A1 - Hirschmann, Katrin A1 - Stieg, Volker T1 - Wissenschaftliche Weiterbildung neu bewertet BT - Das Spannungsverhältnis von Bildungsauftrag und Nachfrageorientierung als strukturgebendes Element für bayerische Hochschulen JF - Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung N2 - Die Interpretation der Hochschule als Institution des lebenslangen Lernens und das Öffnen für neue Zielgruppen stellt die staatlichen Bildungseinrichtungen vor erhebliche Herausforderungen, die Aktualisierungshandeln erforderlich machen. Hierdurch begeben sich die staatlichen Einrichtungen auf einen bereits etablierten Bildungsmarkt, der sich vom bekannten Handlungsfeld unterscheidet, da er unentwegt ein agiles Handeln und eine schnelle Adaptionsfähigkeit auf neue Bildungsanforderungen benötigt. Immer öfter ist aber die Einrichtung Universität in einer unentwegten Grundsatzdebatte gefangen, die sich immer durch zwei Extrema auszeichnet: arbeitet man marktzentriert oder beharrt man auf seiner vorhandenen Rolle als staatliche Einrichtung mit eindeutigem Bildungsauftrag und wie setzt man nun wissenschaftliche Weiterbildung gemäß dessen um? Konträr zur allgegenwärtigen Interpretation „Bildungsauftrag vs. / oder Cash Cow“ und einem notwendigen Klärungsbedarf der Situationslage ist genau dieses Spannungsverhältnis zwischen den beiden Dimensionen für die Umsetzung der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung an (bayerischen) Hochschulen notwendig. Das Spannungsfeld Bildungsauftrag und Nachfrageorientierung ist die beispiellose Triebkraft für Existenz, erfolgreiche Durchführung und Weiterentwicklung der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung und des (Weiter-)Bildungsmarkts. UR - https://doi.org/10.4119/zhwb-3136 Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.4119/zhwb-3136 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65730 SN - 2567-2673 VL - 2020 IS - 1 SP - 44 EP - 54 PB - DGWF CY - Kassel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Piendl, Daniel A1 - Radtke, Maximilian-Peter A1 - Jacobsen, Hendrik A1 - Bock, Jürgen A1 - Zaeh, Michael T1 - Predictive Maintenance of Ball Screws: A Comparative Study Using Real-World Industrial Data JF - Procedia CIRP N2 - Ball screws are widely used in machine tool feed drives. With increasing degradation of the ball screws, machining accuracy and economic efficiency decrease. Past investigations have shown that condition monitoring models can predict this degradation. However, these models are typically trained and evaluated using datasets derived from test benches, questioning their applicability to real machine tools. In this article, a comparative evaluation of a selection of these condition monitoring models using an industrial dataset is described. This dataset consists of measurement data from a total of nine ball screws used in three machine tools until failure. It was shown that when using data of multiple ball screws or machines, artificial neural networks or automated machine learning methods achieve a higher accuracy than statistical methods. However, for smaller datasets, statistical methods perform almost as well. The results provide an insight into the industrial applicability of the evaluated condition monitoring models. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2025.02.135 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2025.02.135 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-61629 SN - 2212-8271 VL - 2025 IS - 134 SP - 390 EP - 395 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köcher, Aljosha A1 - Belyaev, Alexander A1 - Hermann, Jesko A1 - Bock, Jürgen A1 - Meixner, Kristof A1 - Volkmann, Magnus A1 - Winter, Michael A1 - Zimmermann, Patrick A1 - Grimm, Stephan A1 - Diedrich, Christian T1 - A reference model for common understanding of capabilities and skills in manufacturing JF - at - Automatisierungstechnik N2 - In manufacturing, many use cases of Industrie 4.0 require vendor-neutral and machine-interpretable information models to describe, implement and execute resource functions. Such models have been researched under the terms capabilities and skills. Standardization of such models is required, but currently not available. This paper presents a reference model developed jointly by members of various organizations in a working group of the Plattform Industrie 4.0. This model covers definitions of most important aspects of capabilities and skills. It can be seen as a basis for further standardization efforts. N2 - Für viele Anwendungsfälle von Industrie 4.0 werden herstellerneutrale und maschinenlesbare Informationsmodelle von Capabilities und Skills benötigt. In der Praxis sind standardisierte Modelle erforderlich, welche zur Zeit jedoch nicht existieren. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Referenzmodell vorgestellt, das von Mitgliedern verschiedener Organisationen in einer Arbeitsgruppe der Plattform Industrie 4.0 erarbeitet wurde. Dieses Modell umfasst Definitionen der wichtigsten Aspekte von Capabilities und Skills und kann somit als wichtige Grundlage für weitere Standardisierungsarbeiten angesehen werden. T2 - Ein Referenzmodell für ein gemeinsames Verständnis von Capabilities und Skills von Anlagen UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/auto-2022-0117 KW - capabilities KW - resource functions KW - services KW - skill KW - standardization KW - Capabilities KW - Maschinenfunktionen KW - Services KW - Skills KW - Standardisierung Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/auto-2022-0117 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-30866 SN - 2196-677X SN - 0178-2312 VL - 71 IS - 2 SP - 94 EP - 104 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geisbauer, Christian A1 - Wöhrl, Katharina A1 - Lott, Susanne A1 - Nebl, Christoph A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg A1 - Goertz, Roland A1 - Kubjatko, Tibor T1 - Scenarios involving accident-damaged electric vehicles JF - Transportation Research Procedia N2 - Electrically propelled cars will play a major role on the streets, not only in the far, but also in the near future. In this work, an overview on the possible risks arising from electric vehicles is given that involves electrical, chemical and thermal hazards. Additionally, an analysis on different scenarios involving damaged electric vehicles, the involved parties, as well as their risk assessment in terms of hazard rating is presented. Furthermore, two scenarios are explained and addressed with more detail. With the derived risks of the battery and with possible crash scenarios presented, the still existing uncertainties for handling damaged electric vehicles are addressed, followed by a discussion on ways to overcome this problem. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.07.136 KW - electromobility KW - batteries KW - lithium ion KW - electric vehicle KW - accident KW - rescue service KW - recycling Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.07.136 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-13130 SN - 2352-1465 VL - 2021 IS - 55 SP - 1484 EP - 1489 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Graf, Michael A1 - Steinhauser, Dagmar A1 - Vaculin, Ondrej A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - Impact of Adverse Weather on Road Safety: A Survey of Test Methods for Enhancing Safety of Automated Vehicles and Sensor Robustness in Challenging Environmental Conditions JF - IEEE Access N2 - Adverse weather conditions can significantly affect environmental sensors and reduce the ability of automated vehicles to interpret the environment. This can lead to the failure of driving and safety functions. To validate and increase the robustness of these, several adverse weather test methods have been introduced in recent years. The survey first gives an overview of the current traffic and accident analysis with a focus on adverse weather influences to assess the most relevant weather phenomena. Overall, rain and glare are the statistically most important adverse weather phenomena in terms of accidents. Heavy fog is rare but can cause very serious accidents. In a second step, meteorological knowledge is incorporated and the key environmental indicators for the respective weather conditions are determined, particularly taking the environmental sensor characteristics into account. Both sets of information are then utilized to provide a qualified overview of simulative and physical test methods used to reproduce critical adverse weather situations. These methods are employed to investigate the disturbance effects of inclement weather on sensors and to test the robustness of automated vehicles. The paper reveals that various approaches are used to reproduce weather effects and that test methods, each with different advantages and disadvantages, have been developed to varying degrees depending on the type of the weather phenomena. Overall, this review integrates perspectives from road safety research, meteorology, and testing methodologies to provide new insights into the validation of automated driving systems in challenging weather conditions. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3622501 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3622501 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63190 SN - 2169-3536 VL - 13 SP - 179817 EP - 179838 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - König, Thomas A1 - Paula, Daniel A1 - Quaschner, Stefan A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Influence of Blind Spot Assistance Systems in Heavy Commercial Vehicles on Accident Reconstruction JF - Sensors N2 - Accidents between right-turning commercial vehicles and crossing vulnerable road users (VRUs) in urban environments often lead to serious or fatal injuries and therefore play a significant role in forensic accident analysis. To reduce the risk of accidents, blind spot assistance systems have been installed in commercial vehicles for several years, among other things, to detect VRUs and warn the driver in time. However, since such systems cannot reliably prevent all turning accidents, an investigation by experts must clarify how the accident occurred and to what extent the blind spot assistance system influenced the course of the accident. The occurrence of the acoustic warning message can be defined as an objective reaction prompt for the driver, so that the blind spot assistance system can significantly influence the avoidability assessment. In order to be able to integrate the system into forensic accident analysis, a precise knowledge of how the system works and its limitations is required. For this purpose, tests with different systems and accident constellations were conducted and evaluated. It was found that the type of sensor used for the assistance systems has a great influence on the system’s performance. The lateral distance between the right side of the commercial vehicle and the VRU, as well as obstacles between them, along with the speed difference can have great influence on the reliability of the assistance system. Depending on the concrete time of the system’s warning signal, the accident can be avoided or not by the driver when reacting to this signal. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051517 KW - accident analysis KW - accident reconstruction KW - road safety KW - vehicle active safety Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051517 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-47143 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 24 IS - 5 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauder, Maximilian A1 - Paula, Daniel A1 - Kubjatko, Tibor A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Evaluation of the vehicle behaviour when not responding to the take-over request of Tesla Autopilot and Volkswagen Travel Assist JF - Transportation Research Procedia N2 - In this work, driving tests were carried out with a Tesla Model 3 and VW ID.4. During the tests, the vehicles were controlled by an SAE Level 2 system (Tesla Autopilot and VW Travel Assist). The study aimed to investigate the behaviour of the vehicles when the driver does not react to the take-over request of the vehicle while it is in a non-critical driving situation. The aim was to clarify whether this can lead to accidents from a purely technical point of view and whether there is still room for improvement. As a result, it could be determined that a non-reaction of the driver to the take-over request leads to system-initiated braking decelerations, which can lead to a rear-end collision by the following traffic. Furthermore, secondary accidents are possible if the driver fails to act as a fallback. This could be reduced by improving the applicable UNECE standard R79 by specifying deceleration values for this case. In addition, the risk of an accident could be reduced by decelerating earlier and warning the environment. For this purpose, a driver monitoring system would also be recommended to allow situational decisions by the system. The implementation of the measures proposed could result in a significant increase in road safety while using these systems. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.167 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.167 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63210 SN - 2352-1465 VL - 2023 IS - 74 SP - 450 EP - 457 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langer, Robin A1 - Bauder, Maximilian A1 - Paula, Daniel A1 - Kubjatko, Tibor A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Development of a model environment for autonomous driving JF - Transportation Research Procedia N2 - Developing automated driving functions can be elaborate and cost-intensive. Simulation helps to decrease both, the effort and the costs. With physical model environments of a smaller scale, automotive research can be improved even further. This work presents a method with five steps for building a scaled model environment to answer research questions regarding autonomous driving functions in the automotive domain. For this purpose, the five steps of the method are first introduced and explained. Each step comes with indications that can be further extended. Then, the method is performed by creating a model environment. The model environment build in this work is a recreation of an urban intersection in Ingolstadt, Germany, in the scale of 1:10. In addition to two model vehicles, the model environment consists of pedestrians and traffic control elements such as signs, signals, various lanes and road markings. The advantages of the model environment are low costs and high reproducibility. On the other hand it comes with limitations. For example, the materials used for construction (polylactic acid) are different from the materials in reality. The aim of this work was achieved by providing a method for building a model environment for automotive domain. The limitations of the built model environment and actual testing of automated driving functions will be performed in the future. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.122 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.122 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63201 SN - 2352-1465 VL - 2023 IS - 74 SP - 133 EP - 140 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schobert, Marvin A1 - Gmeiner, Christian A1 - Franke, Jörg A1 - Schuderer, Peter ED - Rank, Sebastian ED - Kühn, Mathias ED - Schmidt, Thorsten T1 - BPMN2.0 for the formal specification of discrete event simulation models T2 - Simulation in Produktion und Logistik 2025 N2 - Discrete Event Simulation (DES) is essential for planning in logistics, material flow, and production but remains time- and knowledge-intensive due to fragmented modelling practices and tool-specific requirements, as noted in VDI 3633 and VDI 4465. This paper proposes addressing these challenges by transferring concepts from Business Process Management, leveraging its formal modelling languages and validation frameworks. A style guide based on the Business Process Model and Notation 2.0 (BPMN) is introduced, structured around the principles of correctness, completeness, consistency, and clarity to support both communication and simulation. These principles enable reusable, verifiable process models suitable for execution in different DES tools, which serves as a step towards automated experimentation and verification. Through a first-ever evaluation of state of the art approaches against those principles, this work contributes to the ongoing definition of a semi-formal BPMN modelling layer developed in the ASIM SPL working group for formal methods in procedural models. T2 - BPMN2.0 für die formale Spezifikation von Modellen für die ereignisdiskrete Simulation UR - https://doi.org/10.25368/2025.285 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.25368/2025.285 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-62911 SN - 978-3-86780-806-4 SN - 978-3-86780-809-5 VL - 2025 SP - 52-1 EP - 52-10 PB - Technische Universität Dresden CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schrage, Tobias A1 - Schuderer, Peter A1 - Barth, Martin A1 - Franke, Jörg ED - Rank, Sebastian ED - Kühn, Mathias ED - Schmidt, Thorsten T1 - Konzeptionierung und Integration eines KI-basierten Autoklavenmodells in ein simulationsbasiertes Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem in der Kalksandsteinproduktion T2 - Simulation in Produktion und Logistik 2025 N2 - The calcium silicate brick (CSB) industry faces increasing pressure to improve the efficiency and sustainability of its production processes, especially due to the high energy consumption and CO₂ emissions associated with autoclaving. To support operational and strategic decision-making, a simulation-based decision support system (DSS) has been developed, utilizing a modular material flow simulation framework. However, the energy-intensive steam curing process in autoclaves remains insufficiently represented in existing simulation models. This paper presents a methodological approach for integrating an AI-based optimization agent for autoclave systems into the existing DSS used in CSB production. A review of current techniques for coupling AI assistance systems with discrete event simulation in production and logistics, within the building materials sector, provides the foundation. Building on this, the autoclaving process is modeled using a hybrid approach, combining thermodynamic domain knowledge with machine learning methods. This contribution highlights how the combination of simulation-based production planning and intelligent process modelling can drive digital transformation in energy-intensive industries. T2 - Conceptual design and integration of an AI-based autoclave model into a simulation-based decision support system in sand-lime brick production UR - https://doi.org/10.25368/2025.288 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.25368/2025.288 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-62862 SN - 978-3-86780-809-5 SN - 978-3-86780-806-4 SP - 55-1 EP - 55-10 PB - Technische Universität Dresden CY - Dresden ER - TY - INPR A1 - König, Thomas A1 - Paula, Daniel A1 - Quaschner, Stefan A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Influence of Blind Spot Assistance Systems in Heavy Commercial Vehicles on Accident Reconstruction N2 - Accidents between right-turning commercial vehicles and crossing vulnerable road users (VRU) in urban environments often lead to serious or fatal injuries and therefore play a significant role in forensic accident analysis. To reduce the risk of accidents, blind spot assistance systems have been installed in commercial vehicles for several years, among other things, to detect VRUs and warn the driver in time. However, since such systems cannot reliably prevent all turning accidents, an investigation by experts must clarify how the accident occurred and to what extent the blind spot assistance system influenced the course of the accident. The occurrence of the acoustic warning message can be defined as an objective reaction prompt for the driver, so that the blind spot assistance system can significantly influence the avoidability assessment. In order to be able to integrate the system into forensic accident analysis, a precise knowledge of how the system works and its limitations is required. For this purpose, tests with different systems and accident constellations were conducted and evaluated. It was found that the type of sensor used for the assistance systems has a great influence on the system’s performance. The lateral distance between the right side of the commercial vehicle and the VRU as well as obstacles between them and the speed difference can take great influence on the reliability of the assistance system. Depending on the concrete time of the system’s warning signal the accident can be avoided or not by the driver when reacting on this signal. UR - https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.1308.v1 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.1308.v1 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-58430 PB - Preprints CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haiden, Michael A1 - Richter, Florian T1 - Autonomous weapons: considering the rights and interests of soldiers JF - Ethics and Information Technology N2 - The development of autonomous weapons systems (AWSs), which would make decisions on the battlefield without direct input from humans, has the potential to dramatically change the nature of war. Due to the revolutionary potential of these technologies, it is essential to discuss their moral implications. While the academic literature often highlights their morally problematic nature, with some proposing outright banning them, this paper highlights an important benefit of AWSs: protecting the lives, as well as the mental and physical health of soldiers. If militaries can avoid sending humans into dangerous situations or relieve drone operators from tasks that lead to lifelong trauma, this obviously appears morally desirable – especially in a world where many soldiers are still drafted against their will. Nonetheless, there are many arguments against AWSs. However, we show that although AWSs are potentially dangerous, criticisms apply equally to human soldiers and weapons steered by them. The combination of both claims makes a strong case against a ban on AWSs where it is possible. Instead, researchers should focus on mitigating their drawbacks and refining their benefits. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-025-09859-w Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-025-09859-w UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63280 SN - 1388-1957 SN - 1572-8439 VL - 27 IS - 4 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krügel, Sebastian A1 - Uhl, Matthias A1 - Balcombe, Bryn T1 - Automated vehicles and the morality of post-collision behavior JF - Ethics and Information Technology N2 - We address the considerations of the European Commission Expert Group on the ethics of connected and automated vehicles regarding data provision in the event of collisions. While human drivers’ appropriate post-collision behavior is clearly defined, regulations for automated driving do not provide for collision detection. We agree it is important to systematically incorporate citizens’ intuitions into the discourse on the ethics of automated vehicles. Therefore, we investigate whether people expect automated vehicles to behave like humans after an accident, even if this behavior does not directly affect the consequences of the accident. We find that appropriate post-collision behavior substantially influences people’s evaluation of the underlying crash scenario. Moreover, people clearly think that automated vehicles can and should record the accident, stop at the site, and call the police. They are even willing to pay for technological features that enable post-collision behavior. Our study might begin a research program on post-collision behavior, enriching the empirically informed study of automated driving ethics that so far exclusively focuses on pre-collision behavior. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-021-09607-w KW - Post-collision behavior KW - Detection of accidents KW - Accident data KW - Trolley KW - Experiment Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-021-09607-w UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10987 SN - 1572-8439 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 691 EP - 701 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - INPR A1 - Kettelgerdes, Marcel A1 - Hillmann, Tjorven A1 - Hirmer, Thomas A1 - Erdogan, Hüseyin A1 - Wunderle, Bernhard A1 - Elger, Gordon T1 - Accelerated Real-Life (ARL) Testing and Characterization of Automotive LiDAR Sensors to facilitate the Development and Validation of Enhanced Sensor Models N2 - In the realm of automated driving simulation and sensor modeling, the need for highly accurate sensor models is paramount for ensuring the reliability and safety of advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS). Hence, numerous works focus on the development of high-fidelity models of ADAS sensors, such as camera, Radar as well as modern LiDAR systems to simulate the sensor behavior in different driving scenarios, even under varying environmental conditions, considering for example adverse weather effects. However, aging effects of sensors, leading to suboptimal system performance, are mostly overlooked by current simulation techniques. This paper introduces a cutting-edge Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) test bench designed for the automated, accelerated aging and characterization of Automotive LiDAR sensors. The primary objective of this research is to address the aging effects of LiDAR sensors over the product life cycle, specifically focusing on aspects such as laser beam profile deterioration, output power reduction and intrinsic parameter drift, which are mostly neglected in current sensor models. By that, this proceeding research is intended to path the way, not only towards identifying and modeling respective degradation effects, but also to suggest quantitative model validation metrics. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2312.04229 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2312.04229 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-59856 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Behbehani, Mehri A1 - Glen, Adam A1 - S. Taylor, Caroline A1 - Schuhmacher, Alexander A1 - Claeyssens, Frederik A1 - W. Haycock, John T1 - Pre-clinical evaluation of advanced nerve guideconduits using a novel 3D in vitro testing model JF - International Journal of Bioprinting N2 - Autografts are the current gold standard for large peripheral nerve defects in clinics despite the frequentlyoccurring side effects like donor site morbidity. Hollow nerve guidance conduits (NGC) are proposed alternatives toautografts, but failed to bridge gaps exceeding 3 cm in humans. Internal NGC guidance cues like microfibresare believed to enhance hollow NGCs by giving additional physical support for directed regeneration of Schwann cellsand axons. In this study, we report a new 3D in vitro model that allows the evaluation of different intraluminal fibrescaffolds inside a complete NGC. The performance of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibres inside 5 mmlong polyethylene glycol (PEG) conduits were investigated in neuronal cell and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) culturesinvitro. Z-stack confocal microscopy revealed the aligned orientation of neuronal cells along the fibres throughout thewhole NGC length and depth. The number of living cells in the centre of the scaffold was not significantly different tothe tissue culture plastic (TCP) control. For ex vivo analysis, DRGs were placed on top of fibre-filled NGCs to simulatethe proximal nerve stump. In 21 days of culture, Schwann cells and axons infiltrated the conduits along the microfibreswith 2.2 &plusmn; 0.37 mm and 2.1 &plusmn; 0.33 mm, respectively. We conclude that this in vitro model can help define internal NGCscaffolds in the future by comparing different fibre materials, composites and dimensions in one setup prior to animal testing. UR - https://doi.org/10.18063/IJB.v4i1.123 Y1 - 2017 UR - https://doi.org/10.18063/IJB.v4i1.123 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-54035 SN - 2424-8002 SN - 2424-7723 VL - 4 IS - 1 PB - AccScience Publishing CY - Singapur ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuhmacher, Alexander A1 - Hinder, Markus A1 - Brief, Elazar A1 - Gassmann, Oliver A1 - Hartl, Dominik T1 - Benchmarking R&D success rates of leading pharmaceutical companies: an empirical analysis of FDA approvals (2006–2022) JF - Drug Discovery Today N2 - Previous analyses provide an industry benchmark of ∼10% for the success rate in clinical development. However, prior analyses were limited by a narrow timeframe, a diverse research focus, biases in phase-to-phase transition methodology or a focus on specific use cases. We calculated unbiased input:output ratios (Phase I to FDA new drug approval) to analyze the likelihood of first approval using data from clinicaltrials.gov, encompassing a total of 2092 active ingredients, 19 927 clinical trials conducted by 18 leading pharmaceutical companies (2006–2022) and 274 new drug approvals. Our study reveals an average likelihood of first approval rate of 14.3% across leading research-based pharmaceutical companies, broadly ranging from 8% to 23%. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104291 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104291 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-56382 SN - 1878-5832 N1 - Corrigendum verfügbar unter https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104326 VL - 30 IS - 2 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Germann, Paul-Georg A1 - Schuhmacher, Alexander A1 - Harrison, Juan A1 - Law, Ronald A1 - Haug, Kevin A1 - Wong, Gordon T1 - How to create innovation by building the translation bridge from basic research into medicinal drugs: an industrial perspective JF - Human Genomics UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-7364-7-5 Y1 - 2013 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-7364-7-5 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-54053 SN - 1479-7364 VL - 7 IS - 1 PB - BioMedCentral CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuhmacher, Alexander A1 - Grinchenko, Kyrylo A1 - Gassmann, Oliver A1 - Hartl, Dominik A1 - Hinder, Markus T1 - A case study assessing the impact of M&A and licensing on FDA drug approvals of leading pharmaceutical companies JF - Drug Discovery Today N2 - Despite a recent increase in FDA new drug approvals, leading pharmaceutical companies continue to face R&D productivity challenges. This highlights the need to better understand the context of their R&D concepts and related R&D outputs. Consequently, we conducted a systematic assessment of the impact of R&D expenditures, R&D intensities, mergers & acquisitions (M&A) deals and licensing agreements on new drug approvals of leading pharmaceutical companies between 2012 and 2021. Our analysis provides key insights into differentiating R&D factors: whereas R&D expenditures and the number of M&A deals correlate with the number of new drug approvals, our analysis shows no correlation with R&D intensity or the number of licensing agreements. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104306 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104306 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-57756 SN - 1878-5832 VL - 30 IS - 3 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuhmacher, Alexander T1 - Pharma innovation: how evolutionary economics is shaping the future of pharma R&D JF - Drug Discovery Today N2 - This paper describes the theory of evolutionary economics in the context of pharmaceutical R&D. In this context, the R&D productivity crisis acts as a key selection mechanism, and R&D, technology and industry trends provide mechanisms of variation. Drawing on today’s prevailing business model among leading pharmaceutical companies, the biotech-leveraged pharma company (BIPCO), I propose two new value creation logics: the technology-investigating pharma company (TIPCO) and the asset-integrating pharma company (AIPCO). Although some companies already share aspects of these business models, it is not yet clear, in terms of evolutionary economics, what the ultimate outcome of the evolutionary process in pharma R&D will be. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104222 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104222 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-53311 SN - 1878-5832 VL - 29 IS - 12 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuhmacher, Alexander A1 - Gassmann, Oliver A1 - Hinder, Markus A1 - Hartl, Dominik T1 - Comparative analysis of FDA approvals by top 20 pharma companies (2014–2023) JF - Drug Discovery Today N2 - This article addresses the research and development (R&D) productivity challenge of the pharmaceutical industry, focusing on United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-related new drug approvals of the top 20 pharmaceutical companies (2014–2023). We evaluated the degree of innovation in new drugs to determine the innovativeness of these leading companies. A key finding of our analysis is the decline in the number of new drugs approved by the FDA for these leading companies over the investigated time period. This trend suggests that some of the leading companies are losing ground in R&D innovation, raising concerns about their ability to sustain competitive advantage, ensure long-term market success, and maintain viable business models. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104128 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104128 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-50058 SN - 1878-5832 VL - 29 IS - 9 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kwisda, Sebastian A1 - Kremer, Malte A1 - Sievertsen, Niels A1 - Gassmann, Oliver A1 - Hartl, Dominik A1 - Schuhmacher, Alexander T1 - Does pharma R&D need a strategic reset? Adapting to a changing US landscape JF - Drug Discovery Today N2 - R&D productivity has long challenged research-based pharmaceutical companies, raising concerns about the sustainability of their research-driven business models. These firms have traditionally relied on the U.S. as a stable hub for biomedical innovation, skilled talent, and high-price markets—supporting the biotech-leveraged pharma company (BIPCO) model However, recent geopolitical shifts—especially under the new Trump administration, including FDA budget cuts, reduced U.S. research funding, and pharmaceutical tariffs—are destabilizing this foundation. The once-reliable “safe harbor” is no longer secure. As a result, pharma R&D now faces strategic risks beyond its prior scope. With the weakening of the U.S.-centered innovation model, companies must rethink R&D pipelines, secure key technologies, maintain global clinical networks, and adjust supply chain and tax strategies. The viability of the current R&D model—rooted in U.S. leadership and premium markets—is now uncertain, requiring urgent strategic realignment. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104442 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104442 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-61966 SN - 1878-5832 VL - 30 IS - 9 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jamadar, Mohammad I. A1 - Sekhar, Ravi A1 - Yada, Vijay Ramarao A1 - Rairikar, Sandeep D. A1 - Thipse, Sukrut T1 - Emission Testing of Flex Fuel Vehicles up to M100/E100: Upgradation of Existing Test Facility for Vehicles below 3.5-ton GVW for Testing Methanol or Ethanol Operated Vehicles JF - Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés​ N2 - This paper is focused on enhancing the existing dilute emission measurement system to accommodate the emission testing of vehicles operating with gasoline blends with methanol and ethanol, dedicated M100/E100 etc. India is moving towards achieving the E20 blend on the pan-country level by April 2025 with the initiations of NITI Aayog and exploring alternate fuels like 100% methanol and ethanol. Government of India is now focused on introducing the flex fuel vehicle (FFV) technology that supports the usage of higher ethanol blends. As per CMVR guidelines for M and N category vehicles with a gross vehicle weight less than 3,500 kg; a dilute emission measurement system is used to evaluate tailpipe pollutants and fuel economy. Most of the present emission systems are compatible with testing the vehicle till M15 and E20 blends. Beyond this percentage, usage of a test facility for M100, E100, and other flex-fuel vehicles, require certain modifications in existing test facility to maintain the precision and reliability of the results considering higher water content in exhaust and effect of condensation on emission measurement due to dilution. The modifications needed, implementation and their impact are experimentally briefed in the present paper. UR - https://doi.org/10.18280/jesa.580816 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.18280/jesa.580816 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64502 SN - 2116-7087 VL - 58 IS - 8 SP - 1721 EP - 1732 PB - IIETA CY - Edmonton ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Denk, Florian A1 - Fröhling, Felix A1 - Brunner, Pascal A1 - Huber, Werner A1 - Margreiter, Martin A1 - Bogenberger, Klaus A1 - Kates, Ronald T1 - Influence of gaze strategies and cognitive load on safeguarding performance of motorists in right-turning scenarios involving potential conflicts with vulnerable road users JF - Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour N2 - In urban traffic, while the fraction of collisions involving Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) is low, their importance is high due to the higher injury risk for VRU. Their infrequent occurrence on average (compared with far more common individual perceptual and behavioral errors by both drivers and VRUs) reflects an underlying fault tolerance in traffic processes. However, the degree of fault tolerance varies among traffic situations. The underlying perceptual and cognitive processes involved are complex and can require a high level of attention and concentration, particularly in situations with intersecting trajectories. These processes can occasionally fail, leading to collision risk. The situation of right-turning motorists (in right-hand-drive countries) encountering cyclists moving straight on a bike lane (with right of way) has a particularly low error tolerance, since motorists must actively scan for cyclists approaching from behind. In order to develop, test and assess solutions that mitigate collision risk in this situation, the behavior-related causation mechanisms need investigation. This is the focus of this article. We conducted a trial on our closed test track with n = 35 subjects. The experiment was designed as a within-subject design with three independent factors: maneuver, target velocity, and cognitive load in an n-back task. The trial included observations of participants' gaze control. A primary research focus was the quality and efficiency of the safeguarding gaze behavior of participants in order to draw conclusions on the causation mechanisms of collisions in this situation. For this purpose we define metrics in order to quantify the quality and efficiency of a specific gaze behavior. Furthermore, we studied the effect of factors cognitive load and target velocity on safety and secondary (n-back) task performance. Remarkably, only four out of 35 participants reached a collision risk of 0% relating to the defined quality metric. Furthermore, we identified four distinct gaze strategy groups through hierarchical clustering, where one group performed particularly few glances overall. This group showed significant differences with respect to the defined quality metric whereas the other groups showed only slight differences to each other. The results have implications on subsequent crash causation model development. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.11.012 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.11.012 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63967 SN - 1873-5517 VL - 2025 IS - 109 SP - 32 EP - 49 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bechthold, Laura A1 - Chugunova, Marina A1 - Friess, Svenja A1 - Hoisl, Karin A1 - Rose, Michael E. ED - Weber, Ulla T1 - Women in Creative Labor: Inventors, Entrepreneurs and Academics T2 - Fundamental Questions: Gender Dimensions in Max Planck Research Projects N2 - This article provides an overview of the latest empirical research on the gender gap in knowledge-intensive occupations from an economics perspective. It studies contributing factors both from an institutional and behavioral perspective, and considers potential solutions. The persisting gender gap is not only an issue of social fairness; it also hampers innovation and has direct negative implications for individual productivity as well as economic growth. The overview of the existing gender literature, as well as our own research, emphasize that it is imperative to fight the gender gap with well-tailored policies and to support gender equality at the institutional and personal level. UR - doi.org/10.5771/9783748924869-135 Y1 - 2021 UR - doi.org/10.5771/9783748924869-135 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-25188 SN - 978-3-8487-7096-0 SN - 978-3-7489-2486-9 SP - 135 EP - 154 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Panchal, Dhruv A1 - Patel, Bhavesh A1 - Gohil, Hardik T1 - Experimental Investigation on Performance Characteristics of Dry Centrifugal Clutch with Grooved Friction Liners JF - International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering N2 - The deteriorated condition of friction liners after prolonged use is one of the primary causes of judder in centrifugal clutches. The friction characteristics can be retained by generating specific textures or grooves on the friction liner. An attempt has been made to study the characteristics of centrifugal clutch using grooved friction liners. A test cycle for centrifugal clutch has been developed using a number of engagements as the basis. A vehicle test bench was used for the experiment where the developed test cycle was automated. The performance characteristics of the centrifugal clutch have been recorded and analyzed with normal friction liners and grooved friction liners for 100 test cycles. For this study, the groove area ratio was retained at 0.15, and the grooves were cut at 90°. After completing 100 test cycles, the clutch with a grooved friction liner exhibited better characteristics. After completing 100 test cycles, the surface roughness reduction at the leading section of the grooved friction liner and normal friction liner has been found to be 6.44% and 8.11%, respectively. The thickness reduction at the leading section of the grooved friction liner and normal friction liner has been reported to be 3.73% and 4.98%, respectively. Throughout the run of 100 test cycles, the higher clutch housing temperature has been witnessed in the case of a clutch with a grooved friction liner. At the 100th test cycle, the clutch torque with a grooved friction liner was 15.22% more than the clutch torque with a normal friction liner. Even after prolonged use, the clutch with grooved friction liner exhibited better judder characteristics and also provided higher fuel economy for vehicles. UR - https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.20.1.2023.01.0786 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.20.1.2023.01.0786 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63929 SN - 2180-1606 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 10152 EP - 10164 PB - Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Publishing CY - Pekan ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Keler, Andreas A1 - Denk, Florian A1 - Brunner, Pascal A1 - Grigoropoulos, Georgios A1 - Malcom, Patrick A1 - Bogenberger, Klaus T1 - Varying Bicycle Infrastructures BT - an Interconnected Simulator Study for Inspecting Motorist-Cyclist Conflicts N2 - In this research, we estimate the influence of different bicycle infrastructure on the severity of motorist-cyclist conflicts via an interconnected simulator study. Our focus is a specific conflict type: motorist is turning at an intersection and the cyclist is going straight, crossing the intersection based on previous evaluations from literature. Additionally, we reason on previously-conducted bicycle simulator studies and adapt specific methodological components of investigation area depiction in VR and scenario definition. In the end, we present four scenarios of a case study based on a signalized intersection in Ingolstadt, Germany, where we inspect motorist-cyclist conflicts in an interconnected simulator environment. After every simulator run both test subjects will be teleported to specific starting positions. UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5513664 KW - Interconnected Simulator Studies KW - Bicycle Simulator KW - Traffic Safety KW - Motorist-Cyclist Conflicts KW - Visibility Fields Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5513664 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-12899 PB - Zenodo CY - Genf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rodríguez-Arozamena, Mario A1 - Matute, Jose A1 - Pérez, Joshué A1 - Ozbay, Burcu A1 - Tezcan, Deryanur A1 - Begecarslan, Enes A1 - Mutlukaya, Irem A1 - Mayer, Kevin A1 - Volkersdorfer, Tina A1 - Hof, Hans-Joachim T1 - TRA2024 Poster - A Fail-Safe Decision Architecture for CCAM Applications T2 - Proceedings of the Transport Research Arena (TRA2024) Conference UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10995953 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10995953 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-55180 PB - Zenodo CY - Genf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nadri, Chihab A1 - Alvarez, Ignacio A1 - Bosch, Esther A1 - Oehl, Michael A1 - Braun, Michael A1 - Healey, Jennifer A1 - Jallais, Christophe A1 - Ju, Wendy A1 - Li, Jingyi A1 - Jeon, Myounghoon ED - Diniz Junqueira Barbosa, Simone ED - Lampe, Cliff ED - Appert, Caroline ED - Shamma, David T1 - Empathic vehicle design: Use cases and design directions from two workshops T2 - CHI'22: Extended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems N2 - Empathic vehicles are expected to improve user experience in automated vehicles and to help increase user acceptance of technology. However, little is known about potential real-world implementations and designs using empathic interfaces in vehicles with higher levels of automation. Given advances in affect detection and emotion mitigation, we conducted two workshops (N1 =24, N2 = 22, Ntotal = 46) on the design of empathic vehicles and their potential utility in a variety of applications. This paper recapitulates key opportunities in the design and application of empathetic interfaces in automated vehicles which emerged from the two workshops hosted at the ACM AutoUI conferences. UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3519623 Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3519623 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-59944 SN - 978-1-4503-9156-6 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - INPR A1 - Pagonis, Panagiotis A1 - Hartung, Kai A1 - Wu, Di A1 - Georges, Munir A1 - Gröttrup, Sören T1 - Analysis of Knowledge Tracing performance on synthesised student data N2 - Knowledge Tracing (KT) aims to predict the future performance of students by tracking the development of their knowledge states. Despite all the recent progress made in this field, the application of KT models in education systems is still restricted from the data perspectives: 1) limited access to real life data due to data protection concerns, 2) lack of diversity in public datasets, 3) noises in benchmark datasets such as duplicate records. To resolve these problems, we simulated student data with three statistical strategies based on public datasets and tested their performance on two KT baselines. While we observe only minor performance improvement with additional synthetic data, our work shows that using only synthetic data for training can lead to similar performance as real data. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.16832 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.16832 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-44771 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hartung, Kai A1 - Jäger, Gerhard A1 - Gröttrup, Sören A1 - Georges, Munir ED - Vylomova, Ekaterina ED - Ponti, Edoardo ED - Cotterell, Ryan T1 - Typological Word Order Correlations with Logistic Brownian Motion T2 - Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Computational Typology and Multilingual NLP (SIGTYP 2022) N2 - In this study we address the question to what extent syntactic word-order traits of different languages have evolved under correlation and whether such dependencies can be found universally across all languages or restricted to specific language families.To do so, we use logistic Brownian Motion under a Bayesian framework to model the trait evolution for 768 languages from 34 language families. We test for trait correlations both in single families and universally over all families. Separate models reveal no universal correlation patterns and Bayes Factor analysis of models over all covered families also strongly indicate lineage specific correlation patters instead of universal dependencies. KW - Typology KW - Brownian Motion Y1 - 2022 UR - https://aclanthology.org/2022.sigtyp-1.3 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-25798 SN - 978-1-955917-93-3 SP - 22 EP - 26 PB - Association for Computational Linguistics CY - Stroudsburg ER -