TY - CHAP A1 - Schmitt, David A1 - Reum, Tobias A1 - Summ, Thorsten A1 - Trinkl, Christoph A1 - Schrag, Tobias ED - Fink, Christian ED - Brunner, Christoph T1 - Investigation of the Flexibility Potential by Decoupling Building Mass and Room Temperature T2 - International Sustainable Energy Conference - Proceedings N2 - Using the thermal building mass as a thermal storage received increasing attention in research during recent years. Due to the large mass of concrete, it offers a large storage capacity and thus a high potential for flexibility. However, passive heat losses during cool down of a thermally activated building influence room temperature and thus limit its flexibility potential. In this contribution a multi-layer activation concept was investigated which thermally decouples the building mass and room air. The study aims to analyse the cool down of a thermally activated building in terms of different charging parameters while considering other heat sources such as solar gains. A dynamic building simulation of a demonstration building was set-up and compared to simulative studies from literature to proof the validity of its dynamic behaviour. In the simulation model the room temperature could be kept above 19 °C between 100 - 190 h. However, when charging the building structure quickly, room temperatures above 24 °C are reached easily. Considering other heat sources such as solar gains, advanced control algorithms are required for efficient operation of the heating system. UR - https://doi.org/10.52825/isec.v1i.1165 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.52825/isec.v1i.1165 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-56543 SN - 2976-2030 PB - TIB Open Publishing CY - Hannover ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reum, Tobias A1 - Schmitt, David A1 - Summ, Thorsten A1 - Trinkl, Christoph A1 - Ochs, Fabian A1 - Schrag, Tobias T1 - Experimental analysis of parallel operation of two heat sources in a dual-source heat pump incorporating two compressors JF - International Journal of Refrigeration N2 - Dual-source heat pumps have the potential to improve heating efficiency and / or the space required for heat sources. Parallel operation of two heat sources using two compressors can increase these benefits but poses technological challenges – specifically in the increased refrigerant cycle interconnection complexity, refrigerant and compressor oil management. These benefits and challenges have yet to be thoroughly investigated which is the primary objective of this research paper. An experimental analysis was conducted on a dual-source heat pump that utilized both an air heat source and a ground heat source. It included both individual and parallel operation modes of the heat sources. A prototype with a novel two-compressor interconnection was designed, manufactured, and tested in laboratory conditions. Analysis of the energetic benefit included efficiency evaluation at different ambient conditions and the corresponding loads on the ground source heat exchanger. Energetically, the single source operation showed comparable results in the coefficient of performance to conventional heat pumps despite the increased interconnection complexity. Parallel operation could efficiently cover heating loads at reduced load on the individual heat sources (at -7 °C, a reduction to 41 % on the ground-source and 58 % on the air-source heat exchanger). Technological challenges were highlighted in refrigerant and compressor oil shifts. While a control-based solution for the refrigerant shift was demonstrated, the oil shift requires further analysis of oil conditions in failing compressors. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.12.013 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.12.013 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-57723 SN - 1879-2081 SN - 0140-7007 VL - 2025 IS - 171 SP - 124 EP - 138 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Volpato, Guilherme A1 - de Souza Pinto Pereira, Adriano A1 - Fredel, Márcio Celso A1 - Tetzlaff, Ulrich T1 - On the Development of a Heat Treatment for Inconel Alloy X-750 Produced Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion JF - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical metallurgy and materials science UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-024-07589-0 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-024-07589-0 SN - 1073-5623 VL - 55 IS - 11 SP - 4585 EP - 4599 PB - Springer CY - Boston ER - TY - THES A1 - Wang, Yaowei T1 - Development of machine learning models for estimating battery state-of-health (SOH) N2 - This study focuses on the development of predictive models for the State of Health (SoH) of lithium-ion batteries, specifically Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) cells, which are crucial for the advancement of Electric Vehicles (EVs). With the growing adoption of EVs, efficient battery management systems (BMS) are essential to ensure optimal performance and longevity. This research addresses the challenges associated with SoH prediction, including data collection, processing, and the nonlinear characteristics of battery degradation. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-49896 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Duong Quang, Duy T1 - Kennfeldmessung und Modellierung einer Inverter-geregelten Hybridwärmepumpe N2 - In Zeiten der Energiewende und der Abhängigkeit von fossilen Energieträgern beschäftigt sich diese Arbeit mit elektrischen Wärmepumpen sowie den Technologien zur Optimierung ihres Betriebs, wie beispielsweise der Leistungsregelung. Im Fokus der Untersuchung steht die Kennfeldmessung einer Inverter-gesteuerten Hybridwärmepumpe unter verschiedenen Betriebsbedingungen wie der Frequenz, Quell und Senkentemperatur. Es werden 60 Messszenarien festgelegt und für jedes Szenario nach Aufbereitung und Bereinigung der Messdaten der jeweilige COP ermittelt. Die Analyse des COPs zeigt, dass Wärmepumpen bei niedrigen Senketemperaturen optimale Betriebspunkte bei niedriger Inverter-Frequenz verzeichnen. Hingegen arbeiten die Anlagen bei hohen Senkentemperaturen am effizientesten im hohen Frequenzbereich. Aus den Messdaten wird mithilfe einer Kurvenanpassung eine polynomische Funktion abgeleitet. Das daraus entwickelte Modell bildet bei einer Quelltemperatur von 5 °C und Senkentemperatur von 30 °C den optimalen Betriebspunkt bei 25 % Inverter-Frequenz mit einem COP von 5,5 ab. Hierbei liegt unter diesen Bedingung bei 100 % der niedrigste COP von 4,5 vor. Als direktes Gegenbeispiel dazu, liegt bei 5 °C Sole, 50 °C Senke und 100 % Inverter-Frequenz die höchste Effizienz mit einem COP von 3 vor, während bei 25 % der niedrigste COP von etwa 2,3 abgebildet wird. Trotz methodischen Abweichungen an der orientierten Norm DIN EN 14511-2, erweist das mathematische Modell mit einem R2-Score von 0,97 eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den Messdaten auf. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-45950 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Felser, Robert Simon T1 - Konstruktion einer regenfesten computerunterstützen Drohne aus Blech N2 - Diese Bachelorarbeit begleitet und dokumentiert die Konstruktion einer Drohne aus Blech, welche sich durch die Fähigkeit ihre elektronischen Komponenten vor Regen zu schützen, eine auswechselbare Missionsplatte und einen mit geführten Raspberry Pi Computer auszeichnet. Anhand einer erstellten Anforderungsliste wird ein morphologischer Kasten erstellt. Dafür werden Wirkprinzipien einzelner Teilfunktionen der Drohne erdacht. Daraus werden Wirkstrukturen erstellt, welche technisch bewertet werden. Das am besten bewertete Konzept wird danach weiter entwickelt und im CAD Programm CATIA V5 in ein 3D Modell überführt. Aus diesem Modell werden technische Zeichnungen für die Fertigung erstellt. Zuerst wird ein Prototyp aus Teilen gefertigt, die mit der Blechschere ausgeschnitten und mit einer Feile auf Endmaß gebracht werden. Dann eine optimierte flugfähige Drohne und ein Dummy aus Teilen, welche von einer Firma mit dem Laser ausgeschnitten sind. Mit dieser flugfähigen Drohne werden Flugtests und mit den vorher noch einmal präparierten Dummies Regentests durchgeführt. Dafür wird ein an die Industrie angelehnter Testplan erstellt, damit die Tests genau dokumentiert und replizierbar sind. Abschließend wird ein Fazit gezogen und diskutiert, ob die Drohne ihre Ziele erreicht hat und ob eine solche Drohne zukunftsfähig ist. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-50680 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmitt, David A1 - Reum, Tobias A1 - Summ, Thorsten A1 - Trinkl, Christoph A1 - Schrag, Tobias ED - Droege, Peter ED - Quint, Lelia T1 - Potential of a Long-Term Predictive Controller for Managing Energy Storages to Reduce the Electric Grid-Load of an Air-Source Heat Pump T2 - Proceedings of the International Renewable Energy Storage and Systems Conference (IRES 2023) N2 - Electrifying the domestic heating sector is mandatory to decarbonize the buildings sector but leads to additional peak loads in the public grid. Air-source heat pumps the mostly used technology in this regard even though, they suffer from lower efficiency during times of high heat demands. The usage of energy storages and predictive controllers enables operation shifting and hence offers potential to decrease the peak loads in the electric grid. This potential can be increased by using a longer prediction horizon as extended operation shifting can be performed. In this contribution, a methodology to derive the theoretical potential on the grid peak load reduction of such a long-term predictive controller is introduced. The electric load profile of an air-source heat pump in a typical German single-family home was generated based on different weather data scenarios for the city of Ingolstadt. Based on the profile the dependency between peak load reduction and required storage capacity was identified. In the case study a reduction of the peak load from 21 – 31% for an unrenovated building was achieved using a 500 L buffer storage. Further investigation needs to be done to derive a more realistic potential for renovated or new buildings. UR - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-455-6_21 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-455-6_21 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-49963 SN - 978-94-6463-455-6 SP - 205 EP - 211 PB - Atlantis Press CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehta, Kedar A1 - Shah, Meeth Jeetendra A1 - Zörner, Wilfried T1 - Agri-PV (Agrivoltaics) in Developing Countries: Advancing Sustainable Farming to Address the Water–Energy–Food Nexus JF - Energies N2 - The escalating demand for water, energy, and food, coupled with the imperative for sustainable development, necessitates innovative solutions to address the complex interdependencies within the water–energy–food nexus. In this context, agriculture and photovoltaics (Agri-PV or Agri–voltaics) systems have emerged as a promising approach to promoting sustainable agricultural practices while enhancing energy efficiency and food production. However, limited research, especially on the technical aspects of Agri-PV, has resulted in a knowledge gap regarding how to model and determine the suitability of Agri-PV for different crops based on local conditions. This study presents a novel approach to modeling and simulating Agri-PV systems for various major crops in developing countries, using Uzbekistan as a case study. It provides a blueprint for selecting suitable Agri-PV systems. The research investigates the technical feasibility of Agri-PV technology tailored to Uzbekistan’s agricultural landscape, with broader implications for Central Asia. Employing a systematic methodology, the study begins by selecting appropriate sites and crops for Agri-PV system testing, ensuring the relevance and applicability of the research findings to the local context. Using advanced software tools such as PVSyst, the study accurately calculates photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) values specific to selected crops, bridging a significant knowledge gap and providing empirical data essential for informed decision making. The methodology further incorporates an in-depth analysis of economic and technical considerations in selecting PV modules and inverters, enhancing the scientific accuracy of the study. By strategically modeling Agri-PV systems based on parameters like row density, module distance, and tilt angle, this research aims to optimize the integration of photovoltaic technology with agricultural practices in Uzbekistan. Moreover, this study helps to understand the impact of Agri-PV systems on the water–energy–food nexus, providing valuable insights into the potential benefits and challenges specific to the region. The study identifies the positive impact of Agri-PV on major crops and provides a suitable design and modeling approach for sustainable farming practices. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174440 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174440 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-51677 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 17 IS - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ernst, Benedikt A1 - Kubaschinski, Paul A1 - Schiessl, Andreas A1 - Waltz, Manuela A1 - Höppel, Heinz Werner A1 - Tetzlaff, Ulrich T1 - Comparison of the Young’s modulus of the lead free solder alloy Sn-Ag3.8-Cu0.7 determined by hot tensile tests, ultrasonic measurements and 𝛽-Sn single crystal calculations JF - Materials Science and Engineering: A N2 - Sn-based solders are known for their tendency to form coarse grained microstructures. In combination with the high elastic anisotropy of 𝛽-Sn, the overall elastic properties and their interpretation require a careful discussion of the structure–property-relationship as elastic constants are often important input parameters for creep or fatigue models. This study therefore investigates the influence of microstructure and testing method on the Young’s modulus E for the widespread lead free solder alloy Sn-Ag3.8-Cu0.7 (SAC387) using bulk specimens. Due to its already high homologous temperature at room temperature (Thom ≈ 0.6 = T/Tm for Tm being the melting temperature), hot tensile tests generally bear the risk of superimposed creep deformation. Mechanical testing becomes even more challenging, since yield strengths are usually low for these alloys. Consequently, in addition to the hot tensile tests executed for the engineering strain rate 𝜖̇𝑒 = 1 ⋅ 10−3 s−1, two supplemental methods are used to determine the Young’s modulus comprising of the dynamic resonance frequency measurement and the calculation of the Young’s modulus based on single crystal compliance data of the majority phase 𝛽-Sn.Young’s moduli yielded from dynamic resonance frequency measurement and calculations based on single crystal compliance data showed comparable results of (E35 ◦C ≈ 55 GPa, E80 ◦C ≈ 51 GPa and E125 ◦C ≈ 48 GPa). Hot tensile tests showed similar data with the largest deviation at 80 ◦C, where E80 ◦C ≈ 53 GPa was determined. These absolute values and their temperature dependence can be attributed to the microstructure of the cast specimens which show a general preferred orientation of 𝛽-Sn grains close to <110> after analysis via electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). A comparison with literature data revealed significant differences in the Young’s moduli which are likely to be attributed to differences in the preferred orientation of 𝛽-Sn grains. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2024.147354 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2024.147354 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-52143 SN - 1873-4936 SN - 0921-5093 VL - 2024 IS - 916 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vannahme, Anna A1 - Ehrenwirth, Mathias A1 - Schrag, Tobias T1 - Development and application of a guideline for assessing optimization potentials for district heating systems JF - Energy N2 - Integrating renewable energies into district heating systems has a large potential to reduce CO2-emissions in the heating sector. As district heating systems offer the possibility of incorporating renewable energies into the heat supply, new systems have to be built and the existing networks must be maintained. This study investigates ways to optimize existing district heating systems in order to ensure economic sustainability in the long-term. Previous case studies have elaborated on a variety of optimization measures. However, to date, these measures have neither been collected nor consistently assessed for a wider application range. Therefore, in the study presented here a system for assessing the ecological and economic benefits of optimization measures was developed and applied. The assessment method utilized showed that optimization of district heating consumer substations and adding of a central buffer storage tank has a high optimization potential in comparison to intermittent operation strategy, which has a significantly lower optimization potential. From this information and the transferability data, a district heating operator can determine which optimization measure should be prioritized, which is shown at the end of the paper on an example case. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.131226 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.131226 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-47196 SN - 1873-6785 SN - 0360-5442 VL - 2024 IS - 297 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bachseitz, Michael A1 - Sheryar, Muhammad A1 - Schmitt, David A1 - Summ, Thorsten A1 - Trinkl, Christoph A1 - Zörner, Wilfried T1 - PV-Optimized Heat Pump Control in Multi-Family Buildings Using a Reinforcement Learning Approach JF - Energies N2 - For the energy transition in the residential sector, heat pumps are a core technology for decarbonizing thermal energy production for space heating and domestic hot water. Electricity generation from on-site photovoltaic (PV) systems can also contribute to a carbon-neutral building stock. However, both will increase the stress on the electricity grid. This can be reduced by using appropriate control strategies to match electricity consumption and production. In recent years, artificial intelligence-based approaches such as reinforcement learning (RL) have become increasingly popular for energy-system management. However, the literature shows a lack of investigation of RL-based controllers for multi-family building energy systems, including an air source heat pump, thermal storage, and a PV system, although this is a common system configuration. Therefore, in this study, a model of such an energy system and RL-based controllers were developed and simulated with physical models and compared with conventional rule-based approaches. Four RL algorithms were investigated for two objectives, and finally, the soft actor–critic algorithm was selected for the annual simulations. The first objective, to maintain only the required temperatures in the thermal storage, could be achieved by the developed RL agent. However, the second objective, to additionally improve the PV self-consumption, was better achieved by the rule-based controller. Therefore, further research on the reward function, hyperparameters, and advanced methods, including long short-term memory layers, as well as a training for longer time periods than six days are suggested. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en17081908 KW - reinforcement learning KW - PV-optimization KW - heat pump KW - multi-family building KW - energy-management system Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en17081908 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-47361 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 17 IS - 8 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Agricola, Barbara A1 - Bierwisch, Claas A1 - Palm, Frank A1 - Jägle, Eric A. A1 - Kerschenlohr, Annegret T1 - Parameter study of an Al–Cr–Mo–Sc–Zr alloy processed by laser powder bed fusion reaching high build rates JF - Progress in Additive Manufacturing N2 - Market availability of aluminum alloys for laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is still highly limited in comparison to conventional manufacturing processes. The demand for high-strength but inexpensive alloys specifically designed for L-PBF is high. This demand has led to research on a variety of adapted conventional alloys which are still limited to utilize the full potential of L-PBF. Scalmalloy® (Al–Mg–Sc–Zr) satisfies the demand for high-strength L-PBF-alloys but needs a high energy input and has troubles with evaporation of Mg. Scancromal® (Al–Cr–Sc–Zr) is a novel alloying system for L-PBF and was first introduced in 2019 with the possibility of higher build rates and comparable strengths to Scalmalloy®. In this paper, a more economic low Sc-containing version of Scancromal® is presented. A parameter study was performed for 100 μm layer thickness reaching high build rates of about 47 cm3 h−1 . Hardness tests for different parameters were carried out and showed a stable process window with a hardness comparable to AlSi10Mg. Additionally, two-dimensional multilayer process simulations showed a potential for increasing the layer thickness to 150 μm and therefore a significant increase in build rate of up to 70 cm3 h−1 highlighting the high productivity potential of Al–Cr alloys for L-PBF. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-024-00627-8 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-024-00627-8 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-48567 SN - 2363-9520 SN - 2363-9512 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 349 EP - 360 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vieweger, Daniel A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg A1 - Tetzlaff, Ulrich T1 - Mechanical Properties of Raw Filaments and Printed Specimens: Effects of Fiber Reinforcements and Process Parameters JF - Polymers N2 - Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a well-established manufacturing method for producing both prototype and functional components. This study investigates the mechanical properties of FDM components by material and process-related influencing variables. Tensile tests were conducted on seven different materials in their raw filament form, two of which were fiber-reinforced, to analyze their material-related influence. To cover a wide range from standard to advanced materials relevant for load-carrying components as well as their respective variations, polylactic acid (PLA), 30% wood-fiber-reinforced PLA, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), a blend of ABS and PC, Nylon, and 30% glass-fiber-reinforced Nylon were selected. The process-related influencing variables were studied using the following process parameters: layer thickness, nozzle diameter, build orientation, nozzle temperature, infill density and pattern, and raster angle. The first test series revealed that the addition of wood fibers significantly worsened the mechanical behavior of PLA due to the lack of fiber bonding to the matrix and significant pore formation. The polymer blend of ABS and PC only showed improvements in stiffness. Significant strength and stiffness improvements were found by embedding glass fibers in Nylon, despite partially poor fiber–matrix bonding. The materials with the best properties were selected for the process parameter analysis. When examining the impact of layer thickness on part strength, a clear correlation was evident. Smaller layer thicknesses resulted in higher strength, while stiffness did not appear to be affected. Conversely, larger nozzle diameters and lower nozzle temperatures only positively impacted stiffness, with little effect on strength. The part orientation did alter the fracture behavior of the test specimens. Although an on-edge orientation resulted in higher stiffness, it failed at lower stresses. Higher infill densities and infill patterns aligned with the load direction led to the best mechanical results. The raster angle had a significant impact on the behavior of the printed bodies. An alternating raster angle resulted in lower strengths and stiffness compared to a unidirectional raster angle. However, it also caused significant stretching due to the rotation of the beads. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16111576 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16111576 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-48595 SN - 2073-4360 VL - 16 IS - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bienert, Jörg ED - Rainieri, Carlo ED - Gentile, Carmelo ED - López Aenlle, Manuel T1 - Extension of Linear Systems by Fractional Derivatives T2 - Proceedings of the 10th International Operational Modal Analysis Conference (IOMAC 2024), Volume 2 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61425-5_42 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61425-5_42 SN - 978-3-031-61425-5 SN - 978-3-031-61424-8 SP - 432 EP - 442 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Summ, Thorsten A1 - Oyinlola, Muyiwa A1 - Khattak, Sanober A1 - Ehrenwirth, Mathias A1 - Trinkl, Christoph A1 - Zörner, Wilfried T1 - Towards maximum cost-effectiveness: multi-objective design optimisation of insulating glass flat-plate collectors JF - Applied Thermal Engineering N2 - A significant challenge in the advancement of solar thermal heating systems lies in the unexplored techno-economic potential of insulating glass flat-plate collectors. These collectors are constructed in accordance with the specifications of standard insulating glass units and have emerged over the past decade as a promising design concept for enhancing the cost-effectiveness of solar thermal systems. However, substantial findings regarding the techno-economic viability of their production are still pending. The aim of this paper is to optimise insulating glass collector designs for solar district heating applications by identifying key design parameters that maximise cost-effectiveness. This study employed a five-stage methodology. It included thermo-hydraulic collector modelling using MATLAB/Simscape and the CARNOT Toolbox. The model was validated against experimental performance tests. A Latin hypercube computational design with 250,000 samples was set up to train supervised machine learning metamodels and perform a multi-objective optimisation using an elitist genetic algorithm. The study identified the argon concentration, collector length, and width as critical parameters influencing efficiency. Larger, thinner collectors demonstrated superior performance due to reduced convective losses and increased aperture-to-surface ratios. The optimisation revealed that the insulating glass collectors could achieve a 7.7 percentage point increase in efficiency, a 19.4 % reduction in material cost, and a 14.5 % decrease in weight compared to market-available flat-plate collectors. However, the direct economic comparison was not considered strong in evidence due to a lack of economic data from technology providers. The most cost-effective designs featured an argon concentration of 99 %, sealing thickness of 31.2 mm, and a glazing thickness of 4.1 mm, and 4.5 mm, while collector length and width varied more significantly. The research findings indicate the techno-economic potential of insulating glass collectors, demonstrating their ability to outperform conventional flat-plate collectors in terms of cost-effectiveness and efficiency. Future studies should focus on producing and testing larger modules and incorporating production costs to fully realise their potential for solar district heating applications. This study provides valuable guidelines for IGU designers and producers aiming to develop cost-effective and efficient solar thermal collectors for district heating systems. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124594 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124594 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-53618 SN - 1359-4311 VL - 2025 IS - 258 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gottwalt, Albin A1 - Kubaschinski, Paul A1 - Waltz, Manuela A1 - Tetzlaff, Ulrich T1 - Influence of Subsequent Heat Treatment on Fatigue Behavior of Shear-Cut Electrical Steel Sheets JF - Alloys N2 - The fatigue behavior of a fully processed, non-oriented electrical steel sheet is investigated in dependence on shear-cutting parameters and a subsequent heat treatment. For this, stress-controlled fatigue tests are performed before and after annealing at 700 °C for a total of six different shear-cutting settings. For all parameters, the fatigue strength of shear-cut sheets is improved by the heat treatment. This is due to reduction in a large part of the strain hardening region as well as the reduction in tensile residual stresses. Both were introduced during shear cutting and act detrimental to the fatigue strength. However, the intensity of this improvement depends on the shear-cutting parameters. This is related to the corresponding edge surfaces characteristically being formed during shear cutting. Specimens cut with a worn cutting tool show a more pronounced increase in fatigue life. In contrast, specimens produced with a sharp-edged cutting tool and high cutting clearance hardly benefit from the heat treatment. This appears to be caused by differences in surface topography, in particular coarse topographical damage in the form of grain breakouts. If these occur during shear cutting, the crack formation is not significantly delayed by additional annealing. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys3040017 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys3040017 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-53767 SN - 2674-063X VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 281 EP - 294 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lwakatare, Bertha A1 - Vyavahare, Priyanka A1 - Mehta, Kedar A1 - Zörner, Wilfried T1 - Electrification Planning for Off-Grid Communities in Sub-Saharan Africa: Advancing Energy Access JF - Energies N2 - Sub-Saharan Africa, especially its rural areas, faces significant challenges in achieving universal electrification despite its abundant renewable energy resources. The region has the highest population without access to electricity, largely due to economic, infrastructural, and geographical barriers. Energy poverty is a critical issue that hinders sustainable development and exacerbates inequalities. Namibia’s sustainable energy policy aligns with the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 7, which aims to provide affordable and reliable modern energy access for all. The policy emphasizes mini-grids and decentralized power systems as key strategies for rural electrification. However, despite increased deployment of mini-grids, these solutions often struggle with long-term sustainability. This research explores cost-effective electrification strategies through scenario-based modeling to reduce energy poverty and expand energy access in Namibia’s rural communities, focusing on the existing mini-grids in Tsumkwe and Gam. Using a comprehensive methodology that incorporates HOMER Pro for mini-grid capacity expansion and MS Excel for evaluating main-grid extensions, this study aims to identify the most feasible and economical electrification solutions. The analysis compares electricity supply, total net present cost, and the levelized cost of electricity across these systems. The findings will offer insights into addressing energy poverty in Namibia and provide recommendations for sustainable and scalable rural electrification across Sub-Saharan Africa. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en17235994 KW - off-grid communities KW - grid extension KW - mini-grid expansion KW - rural electrification KW - Sub-Saharan Africa KW - Namibia Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en17235994 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-53771 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 17 IS - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Koch, Daniel A1 - Stein, Murillo A1 - de Abreu, Samuel Luna A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Characterization and modeling of the swelling behavior of a LiFePO4 pouch cell in multiple operating conditions T2 - 2024 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC63154.2024.10755252 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC63154.2024.10755252 SN - 979-8-3315-4160-6 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lohr, Christoph A1 - Trauth, Anna A1 - Schukraft, Joél A1 - Leher, S. A1 - Weidenmann, Kay André T1 - Investigation on the recycling potential of additively manufactured carbon fiber reinforced PA 6.6 JF - Composite Structures N2 - Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) are already used in a wide range of applications such as automotive, aerospace and renewable energy industries and demand on this material class is increasing steadily. As demand increases, the amount of CFRP waste, either from production or at the end of life of components, increases simultaneously and sustainable solutions such as disposal, reuse or recycling of fiber reinforced materials getting more and more important. In this paper one possibility for recycling short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6.6 (CF/PA 6.6) is presented. The recycling process includes shredding of the material, drying and filament extrusion to enable a reuse of the material with an additive manufacturing process. The focus of this investigation is on the mechanical properties of the recycled filaments itself as well as on the 3D printed specimen considered recycled filaments. The properties at different stages of the short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6.6 recycling process were investigated, including the juvenile CF/PA 6.6 as well as specimens made from one- or two-times recycled material. Mechanical performance was evaluated by tensile, bending and impact testing. Experimental results pointed out that no significant difference in performance of juvenile and recycled materials was observed for tensile and flexural loads. The impact strength of the recycled specimen decreased to a small extent. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118683 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118683 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-54440 SN - 1879-1085 VL - 2025 IS - 352 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Feiler, Marcel T1 - Potenzialanalyse zur Kombination von netzgekoppelten Photovoltaik-Großprojekten mit Batteriespeichersystemen N2 - In der Abschlussarbeit geht es um die Betrachtung des Potenzials von Photovoltaik Großprojekten in Kombination mit Batteriespeichersystemen. Dafür werden reale Anlagen modelliert und simuliert, um diese mit der Anlagenkombination vergleichen zu können. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-51269 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Zerhoch, Nemanja T1 - Optimierung der Ablauf- und Umbaugeschwindigkeit durch (Re-) Konstruktion von Bauteilen an einer Multifunktionshohlglasprüfmaschine N2 - Die Bachelorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der (Re-)konstruktion von Bauteilen einer Multifunktionshohlglasprüfmaschine. Ziel der Arbeit ist es eine Leistungssteigerung durch eine Erhöhung der Ablauf- und Umbaugeschwindigkeit zur erreichen. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-51151 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Monashara, Gourangkumar Narendrakumar T1 - A concept for human-robot interaction and robot programming based on a cognitive sensor in combination with human gestures N2 - This thesis introduces an innovative method for controlling robots using gesture recognition, which integrates AI using the Python programming language and real-time communication technologies to interpret human gestures as commands. This research employs advanced computer vision techniques, machine learning algorithms, and the MediaPipe library to analyze hand gestures captured through a 2D camera. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-51572 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Sheryar, Muhammad T1 - Reinforcement learning for building energy system control in multi-family buildings N2 - The demand for heat energy is increasing worldwide and to achieve net zero carbon emissions targets, more innovation is needed for heat production. Heat pumps are considered a potential replacement for boilers and are currently in high demand. The next approach is to optimize the use of heat pumps with household PV production to avoid grid overloading due to running increased demand by the heat pump. In this work, a Reinforcement Learning algorithm is used in the MATLAB RL toolbox with an energy-building model built in MATLAB Simulink Carnot. The energy building model uses a heat pump to charge thermal storage, and a PV system is considered with a typical ON/OFF strategy. This work shows how the RL toolbox has the potential to interact with this energy-building model to optimize the heat pump with a PV system. All suggested agents by the MATLAB RL toolbox are investigated with this building energy model (BEM), and annual simulation is performed with a well-trained agent, which converges during training. Two different models have been developed for heat pump control. The first model is called the RL-based Heat Pump Controller, which is designed to meet thermal targets only. The second model is called the PV- optimized RL-based Heat Pump Controller, which not only meets thermal targets but also considers the operation of the PV system with the heat pump. The simulation results show that using the RL toolbox, the RL-based Heat Pump Controller model has performed excellently. In the PV-optimized RL-based Heat Pump Controller model, there is almost a 4.37% increase in PV self-consumption compared to the typical control strategy, resulting in annual electricity savings of almost 3.52 MWh. Some challenges of using the RL toolbox are also highlighted with future recommendations, which mainly include computational efforts. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-44608 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Kehlenbach, Michael T1 - Systemische Analyse der Wirkketten in der Wasserstoffwirtschaft unter Einbeziehung politischer, ökonomischer und technologischer Aspekte N2 - Für den Erfolg von Klimawandel und Energiewende sowie für ein resilientes Energiesystem der Zukunft ist nachhaltig erzeugter Wasserstoff unabdingbarer Energieträger und verbindendes Element. Trotz einer Vielzahl an weltweiten Wasserstoffprojekten und -initiativen ist jedoch eine Stagnation des realen Markthochlaufs der Wasserstoffwirtschaft erkennbar, was gemeinhin als „Henne-Ei-Problem“ umschrieben wird. Dabei wird der Wasserstoffsektor in einem komplexen Beziehungsgeflecht beeinflusst durch ökonomische, politische und technologische Faktoren sowie durch eine große Anzahl von Akteuren und Stakeholdern. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert, erläutert und verbindet die weit verzweigten Wirkzusammenhänge der Wasserstoffwirtschaft zu einem „Big Picture“. Sie beschreibt die Marktbarrieren sowie die Erfolgs- und Schlüsselfaktoren, die den Markthochlauf eines nachhaltigen Wasserstoff-Energiesystems beeinflussen. Schritt für Schritt werden alle Faktoren in einen systematischen Zusammenhang eingeordnet und zu einem übersichtlichen Schaubild zusammengefasst. Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit sind die technologischen Schritte der Wasserstoff-Wertschöpfungskette sowie die grundlegenden ökonomischen Marktmechanismen von Angebot und Nachfrage, wie sie auch in anderen Bereichen der Energiewirtschaft Anwendung finden. Es folgt ein Blick auf die Besonderheiten des Wachstums neuer Innovationen sowie auf die Grundlagen systemischen Denkens. Anschließend werden die Besonderheiten des Wasserstoffmarktes beschrieben und die Einflussfaktoren auf Angebot und Nachfrage hergeleitet und ausführlich erklärt. Dabei werden sowohl der aktuelle Zustand, als auch mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungen für alle Einzelfaktoren erläutert. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der gegenseitigen Interaktion aller Faktoren und deren wechselseitiger Beeinflussung. Das Wechselwirken dieser Faktoren wird durch den Abgleich mit Grundmustern und Analogien des systemischen Denkens untersucht. Eine Szenarioanalyse identifiziert zusätzlich Schlüsselfaktoren und denkbare gesamtheitliche Entwicklungen des Wasserstoffsektors. Im Laufe der Arbeit wird auf diese Weise die besondere Bedeutung von Wirtschaftlichkeitsfaktoren, technischen Limitationen, Regulatorik und Gesetzgebung, Fördermechanismen sowie von Energie- und Geopolitik deutlich. Auf Basis der aktuellen Marktsituation, den Schlüsselfaktoren und den identifizierten Wachstumsmechanismen werden Handlungsempfehlungen für die Akteure in der Wasserstoffwirtschaft formuliert. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-57605 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Akhter, Khushboo T1 - Design of photovoltaic off-grid systems with second-life batteries BT - a case study from riverside communities in the Amazon N2 - This thesis explores the essential role of infrastructure, specifically electrification, in catalyzing socio-economic advancement in the rural regions of the Amazonas Basin. Despite the presence of several national and global initiatives, progress in implementation remains slow. To address this challenge, off-grid system technologies, notably photovoltaic systems combined with second-life lithium-ion batteries (SLBs), have gained traction in recent years. This case study presents a comprehensive socio-economic factor where in such an off-grid hybrid system successfully electrifies community in the Amazonas Basin, supplying an average of 802 kWh of energy per day to vital infrastructural components including community centers, schools, households, and local industries. Furthermore, this project proposes insight into the potential of SLBs as a second-life scenario, aligning with the expanding global electromobility landscape and the prospect of reusing LIBs. Through economic and ecological evaluations, it demonstrates the viability of SLBs over conventional diesel generators, with health considerations integrated into the assessment process. Technical feasibility, economic viability, and environmental impact of SLBs are thoroughly examined, alongside discussions on various SLB applications and the requisite assessment and testing procedures. Despite the environmental benefits and revenue-generating potential associated with SLBs, challenges such as the absence of standardized assessment methodologies and limited research pose hurdles. Consequently, the thesis supports continued research efforts to enhance understanding and standardize assessment protocols, facilitating broader adoption of SLBs in rural electrification endeavors. By addressing these challenges, this research contributes to the advancement of sustainable electrification solutions in remote regions, thereby fostering socio-economic development and environmental stewardship in the Amazonas Basin and beyond. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-51421 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Summerer, Christoph Alexander T1 - Methode zum Design und zur Auslegung eines 1:5 skalierten Versuchsträgers für die autonomen Fahrfunktionen eines Tesla Model S N2 - In der vorliegenden Abschlussarbeit wird ein Versuchsträger aufgebaut und mit Hilfe der Dimensionalanalysemethode nach dem Buckingham Pi Theorem skaliert. Ziel ist es dabei ein Fahrzeug aufzubauen, mit welchem zum einen autonome und zum anderen teleoperierte Fahrfunktionen, für Flottenversuche im Bereich des autonomen Fahrens, umgesetzt werden können. Dabei wird zunächst die Theorie der Skalierung mit dem Buckingham Pi Theorem anhand eines Praxisbeispiels erklärt. Anschließend werden die für die Skalierung verwendeten Fahrzeugmodelle erläutert und anhand derer die Skalierungsvorschriften für das Versuchsfahrzeug abgeleitet. Mit der erläuterten Theorie wird dann ein Prototyp des Versuchsträgers entwickelt und aufgebaut. Dabei wird auf Basis eines kommerziell erhältlichen Grundfahrzeug ein Versuchsträger mit zusätzlichen Sensoren und Kontrollmöglichkeiten entwickelt. Es wird ein Überblick über dieses Grundfahrzeug und die verwendeten Zusatzkomponenten gegeben. Anschließend werden die vorgenommenen Modifikationen an dem Grundfahrzeug, wie auch die praktische Anwendung des Buckingham Pi Theorems aufgezeigt. Mit den daraus gewonnen Vorgaben wird dann ein Prototyp des Versuchsträgers aufgebaut. Der aufgebaute Prototyp wird schließlich anhand von Messungen am realen Versuchsträger als auch durch das Resultat von Simulationen validiert. Damit wird sichergestellt, dass das Versuchsfahrzeug auch den Erwartungen entsprechend agiert, wenn es in späteren Projekten eingesetzt wird. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-46962 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Jain, Rushabh Bansilal T1 - Solar-powered irrigation in Ghana BT - techno-economic analysis and sustainable business models N2 - This thesis investigates the feasibility and economic viability of Solar-Powered Irrigation Systems (SPIS) in Ghana, focusing on smallholder farms. The study addresses the critical need for sustainable and efficient irrigation methods amidst challenges posed by traditional diesel-based systems and limited access to reliable electricity in rural areas. A comprehensive analysis of various SPIS configurations, including off-grid, grid-connected, and mini-grid systems, is conducted manually and validated with HOMER software. The research evaluates technical performance, economic benefits, and environmental impacts, highlighting the potential of SPIS to enhance agricultural productivity while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The findings suggest that community-based models and strategic use of solar power beyond irrigation can maximize benefits, promoting year-round utilization and sustainability. Economic analyses underscore the importance of subsidies to lower initial financial barriers, making solar irrigation an attractive option for smallholder farmers and private investors. The study concludes with recommendations for policy reforms, community engagement, and technological innovations to drive the widespread adoption of SPIS, ultimately contributing to Ghana's goals of sustainable agricultural development and energy independence. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-49789 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Cornejo Asanza, Humberto David T1 - Design a PID controller for a complex thermal test bench through characterization and modelling N2 - Thermal test benches are of high importance in the industrial and research fields for validating designs, optimizing energy efficiency, and fostering innovations in various applications. To control temperatures and volume flows in thermal test benches, PID controllers are the most used, however, there are challenges in obtaining PID values due to the limitations in tuning, handling nonlinearities, system behavior, first or second-order system, and dead time. There are several methods to calculate PID values, one of the most used is the Ziegler-Nichols method. For systems without dead time, the IMC-PID control method can be utilized. For optimal design of controllers, it is important to characterize the thermal test bench, which is a setup used to evaluate the thermal performance of systems under controlled conditions, by defining working points, recognizing nonlinearities, and verifying the presence of dead time. It was recognized that the maximum voltage percentage of the recirculation pump has an impact on the volume flow at the heat sink circuit. At 100% of this percentage, 1490 l/h was obtained, while at 50%, 900 l/h was achieved. Moreover, a non-linear behavior of the flow valve was observed. An important finding is the influence of the heating power of the heat pump on the thermal test bench, as this heating power has a dependency on temperatures and volume flows. Furthermore, in the temperature measurements, the dead time depends on the volume flow, being higher at lower volume flows. The best temperature control depended on a lower temperature, while the best volume flow control depended on a higher volume flow. Once the thermal test bench was characterized, methods were applied to obtain the PI values simulatively. For temperature, the values were Kc = 0.04227 and Ti = 0.8333 min approaching the best stability using Ziegler-Nichols method. For volume flow, the values were Kc = 0.00475 and Ti = 0.0186 min using the IMC-PI method. It was concluded that the obtained Kc and Ti values applied in the LabView presented good system stability for temperature and volume flow control. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-49749 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vannahme, Anna A1 - Patel, Dharmik A1 - Schmitt, David A1 - Summ, Thorsten A1 - Trinkl, Christoph A1 - Schrag, Tobias T1 - Technical and economic analysis of digitally controlled substations in local district heating networks JF - Energy N2 - Since the 1990s, there has been a noticeable increase in the establishment of local district heating networks in Germany, coinciding with the use of thermal energy from biogas and biomass facilities. Historically, the prioritization of economically efficient heat utilization was subdued due to favorable electricity feed-in tariffs. However, with the expiration of Renewable Energy Sources Act subsidies, operators shifted focus to the operational costs of district heating networks. This study aims to examine the effects of optimizing controllers and valves at district heating substations in single-family homes, utilizing two local district heating networks. The emphasis is on evaluating impacts on operating costs and determining whether the economic and energetic benefits justify implementation. Simulation studies in MATLAB/Simulink Simscape depict both consumers and district heating networks individually, without aggregation. In the most favorable scenario, investing in enhancing substation controllers in single-family homes is projected to yield returns after 13 years. Comprehensive optimization of all substation controls in single-family homes can potentially result in up to 9% savings in thermal energy demand due to reduced heat losses and a corresponding 9% reduction in electrical power consumption for the main pump. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.133585 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.133585 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-52718 SN - 0360-5442 SN - 1873-6785 VL - 2024 IS - 312 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Armbruster, Felina A1 - Gelner, Alexander A1 - Zepf, Andreas A1 - Prager, Maximilian A1 - Härtl, Martin A1 - Jaensch, Malte T1 - Investigations on particle emissions of large-bore engines powered by natural gas and hydrogen JF - Environmental Science: Advances N2 - TIn an effort to mitigate the impact of climate change, e.g., by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, hydrogen is becoming an increasingly attractive alternative energy source, replacing conventional long-chain hydrocarbon fuels in the energy and transport sector. While there is a shift in individual transport towards battery-electric applications, the maritime and energy production sectors rely on a high energy density and time- and location-independent availability of the energy carrier. Therefore, large-bore engines powered by renewable fuels have the potential to shift the industry towards a climate-neutral operation. Besides the emission of greenhouse gases, internal combustion engines are known for emitting pollutant emissions, harming human health and the environment. Research on particle emissions of natural gas and hydrogen engines has mainly focused on automotive and heavy-duty applications. Hence, this study investigates particle emissions of a large-bore single-cylinder research engine powered by hydrogen, compared to natural gas, for the first time. Investigations on particles with a diameter as low as 10 nm showed particle numbers of 104 to 105 # cm−3, unexpectedly achieving slightly higher particle numbers in hydrogen than in natural gas operations. This is due to particles from lubricant oil and a stronger fuel interaction with the liner oil film in hydrogen operation, demonstrated within a 3D-CFD simulation. The concentrations are still lower by several orders of magnitude than in long-chain hydrocarbon fuel operations of identical engines. An extended emissions analysis based on the gaseous components THC, CO, and CO2 shows the negligible carbonaceous emissions induced by these oil-based particles. UR - https://doi.org/10.1039/D4VA00200H Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1039/D4VA00200H UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-50189 SN - 2754-7000 VL - 3 IS - 11 SP - 1524 EP - 1536 PB - RSC CY - London ER - TY - THES A1 - Roy, Maximilian T1 - Konzeptionierung einer Prüfbox zur optischen Bauteilerkennung N2 - Das Ziel der Masterarbeit war es, eine mobile Prüfbox zu konzipieren und konstruieren, mit deren Hilfe sich die Vorteile automatisierter Qualitätskontrolle durch industrielle Bildverarbeitung anhand kleiner additiv gefertigter Bauteile auf Messen und bei Unternehmen demonstrieren lassen. Dazu werden zunächst die theoretischen Grundlagen der additiven Fertigung sowie der industriellen Bildverarbeitung erläutert. Anschließend wird ein Prüfbox-Konzept methodisch erarbeitet und auskonstruiert. Zudem wird ein Konzeptschaltplan der elektrischen Komponenten vorgestellt und sowie eine Aufstellung der Materialkosten durchgeführt. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-45942 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Thomas, Julian T1 - Entwicklung eines Algorithmus zur Koordinierung eines Drohnenschwarms für das autonome Ausführen einer generischen Aufgabe N2 - Der Schwerpunkt dieser Masterarbeit liegt auf der Entwicklung eines Algorithmus zur Koordination eines Drohnenschwarms mit dem Ziel, eine generische Aufgabe autonom auszuführen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde sich für eine virtuelle Containerentleerung entschieden. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-45310 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Ghorreshi, Amirmahdi T1 - Determining the optimal size of Agri-PV and battery systems in rural areas BT - a case study of Morocco and Algeria N2 - The global population is anticipated to experience a significant surge by 2050, posing profound challenges in ensuring food and energy security. Concurrently, the prevalence of hunger, exacerbated by pandemics, climate shocks, and conflicts, underscores the urgency to enhance agricultural productivity and energy efficiency. Agriculture currently accounts for 70% of freshwater consumption and 30% of global energy usage, requiring innovative solutions to meet increasing demands. In this context, Agri-Photovoltaic (Agri-PV) systems emerge as a promising approach, integrating agricultural practices with solar technology to enhance food production and energy generation simultaneously. These systems not only address the pressing need for sustainable food and energy sources but also offer benefits such as resilience against extreme weather events and income diversification for farmers. This study investigates the potential of Agri-PV systems to address power outages in rural areas of Kissane in Morocco, as well as Bouda in Algeria. These areas are characterized by weak grid networks. After developing the load profiles of farms and households in the case study areas based on real data and literature, the PV-SOL software is utilized to estimate the size of the photovoltaic system. After simulation in the software and considering the type of Agri-PV substructure, three different scenarios for sizing the system are taken into account. The first scenario aims to cover all energy demands for both farms and households, the second focuses solely on farms, and the third focuses only on household energy requirements. The results reveal that with six hours of power outage in a day, Kissane requires a 39 kWp Agri-PV system with an 85.31 kWh battery to fulfill its total energy demands. For farms alone, a 38 kWp system with an 82.04 kWh battery is necessary, while households, due to cooperative arrangements and few houses, need only a 1 kWp system with a 3.27 kWh battery. In Bouda, facing six power outages in a day, a 46 kWp system with a 144.34 kWh battery is required for total energy, 41 kWp with a 125.78 kWh battery for farms, and 5 kWp with an 18.56 kWh battery for households. Economic analysis favors Morocco due to higher electricity prices, yielding Kissane a positive 8.69% internal rate of return (IRR) and a competitive 10.95 cent/kWh levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). In contrast, Bouda faces economic challenges with a -2.93% IRR and a 13.77 cent/kWh LCOE, necessitating financial incentives for viability. Keywords: Agri-Photovoltaic (Agri-PV), power outage, load profile, grid network, rural energy security, Morocco, Algeria Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-47614 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Dhavale, Aditya Bhalchandra T1 - Study on potential of energy optimization in German dairy industry N2 - The dairy farms form a vital part of German agriculture and consume significant energy for their operation. Germany is working towards energy transition to transform the existing fossil fuel-nuclear system to a sustainable energy system that relies on renewable sources due to various societal and political demands. As the energy demand is increasing due to the rise in population, there is also a growing push in Germany to adopt energy efficient technologies and measures to reduce energy waste. There is a scope for improving the energy efficiency in dairy farms. Using energy optimization techniques can help reduce the load on energy suppliers as well as increase cost savings for farms. German farmers are adopting newer digital technologies to achieve optimization of energy in their farms. One of the key tools in realizing energy optimization is the Energy Management System (EMS). The use of EMS in the case of dairy farms has been reviewed and presented in this work. The objective of the study is to investigate the potential of energy optimization in dairy farms. Efficiency measures like replacing inefficient farm equipment are necessary to achieve energy efficiency. These measures are discussed in detail and their potential to save energy in dairy farms is presented. A comparison of all these measures is studied and how much energy savings can be obtained is reviewed. The use case scenario of EMS in different applications is presented as an indication of possibilities for energy savings using EMS. Furthermore, how the AI technology in combination with EMS can be used in farms and its benefits in dairy farming is reviewed. The types of farms on which the energy optimization measures can be implemented in an ideal case scenario are reviewed. The result of the study shows that there is vast potential for energy optimization in German dairy farms. Thus, the presented work can be further studied to identify further optimization possibilities with the advancement of AI and newer technologies. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-46977 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Timilsina, Sangam T1 - Feasibility study of biogas production for dairy farmers in Morocco (Fes-Meknes region) N2 - The study investigates the potential for biogas production in Fes-Meknes region of Morocco, a region notable for its significant agricultural sectors. The quantity of manure generated from cattle, sheep, goats and horses is considered to be the organic raw material for biogas production that can be utilized by the farmers as an alternative fuel source for their daily energy needs. Both small-scale household biogas systems and large-scale community biogas plants are evaluated, considering the local conditions of the region, availability of resources, and socio-economic factors. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-50727 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Vyavahare, Priyanka Balasaheb T1 - Evaluation of the techno-economic feasibility of potential electrification options for Tsumkwe and Gam, Namibia N2 - Despite having multiple renewable energy sources, Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in rural areas, has the largest population without electricity. In SSA, rural electrification is challenging because of economic, infrastructural and geographical reasons. Namibia’s sustainable energy policy complies with global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 7, which aims to provide access to affordable and reliable modern energy for all. This policy seeks to facilitate mini-grid deployment and decentralized power systems as practical solutions for electrifying rural communities. Even though there has been an increase in the number of connections made through mini-grids that have contributed to rural electrification in recent years, these interventions often become unsustainable with time. This thesis will explore two existing mini-grids at Tsumkwe and Gam as case studies on the current situations of these renewable energy sources. Based on this evaluation, it aims at recommending the most techno-economically viable solutions for these two rural communities. The main source of electricity for rural areas in Namibia is mainly mini-grids, decentralized energy solutions, and main grid extensions. This thesis examines whether or not these three methods are feasible ways of bringing electricity to the remote communities located in Tsumkwe and Gam. A methodology that involves HOMER Pro software for capacity expansion of mini-grids, PVsyst software for sizing decentralized PV systems, and MS Excel for main-grid extension is employed here. MS Excel was used to evaluate energy profiles and the economic feasibility of various options that are being considered for Gam and Tsumkwe. Therefore, the results aim to compare the electricity supply, total net present cost, and levelized cost of electricity while approaching the viability of such systems. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-50744 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Gören, Tugrahan T1 - Concepts for battery enclosure N2 - As electric vehicles gain market share, concerns about the safety of battery electric vehicles have risen, particularly regarding battery fires reported in the media. While chemical and electrical aspects of battery safety have been extensively studied, there is a notable gap in the mechanical safety evaluation of BEV battery packs. This study addresses this gap by focusing on the design and safety evaluation of battery pack enclosures from a mechanical perspective. Employing a step by step approach in design, followed by the evaluation of the battery pack enclosure according to regulation and standards to analyze the design. These results have showed that the design considerations have been accurately made. This study presents a guide for future researches and improvements in the field of mechanical safety of battery pack enclosures. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of designing battery pack enclosures and provides a framework for implementing analyses to evaluate the design. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-50899 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Valderrama Zorro, Laura Natalia T1 - Analyzing and simulating the integration of waste heat from high-power charging infrastructure (HPCI) as a heat source in fifth generation heating and cooling networks (5GDHC) Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-50735 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Jadhav, Shubham Sanjiv T1 - Comparative life cycle assessment of 5th and 4th generation district heating systems with different heat sources in Germany N2 - This master thesis compares the environmental impacts of 4th-generation district heating (4GDH) and 5th-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) systems using different heat sources in Germany. The primary objective is to evaluate and compare the environmental performance of a geothermal-based 5GDHC system with a gas-combined heat and power (CHP) based 4GDH system. The study follows DIN ISO 14040/14044 standards and employs the SimaPro software with the ecoinvent 3.10 database to perform the LCA. The analysis considers two scenarios: one using the German electricity grid and the other using photovoltaic (PV) panels as the electricity source. Key impact categories assessed include climate change, acidification, freshwater and marine eutrophication, human toxicity and resource depletion. Results indicate that the 5GDHC system, despite its advanced technology, has higher overall environmental impacts compared to the 4GDH system in most categories, primarily due to the intensive resource use and higher greenhouse gas emissions during the drilling process and operational phases. However, 5GDHC shows lower impacts on human toxicity (cancer-related) and land use efficiency, highlighting areas where it performs better than 4GDH. This comparative study underscores the need for further optimization and integration of renewable energy sources in 5GDHC systems to enhance their sustainability and reduce their environmental impacts. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in the energy sector aiming to achieve carbon neutrality and improve the environmental performance of district heating systems. Keywords: Comparative life cycle assessment (LCA); Life cycle inventory (LCI); District heating system (DHS); 5th generation district heating and cooling system (5GDHC); 4th generation district heating system (4GDH); Geothermal energy; Combined heat and power (CHP); SimaPro; Ecoinvent KW - Studiengang Renewable Energy Systems Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-49044 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mohd, Zubair Akhtar A1 - Kreiner, Christian A1 - Schmid, Maximilian A1 - Zippelius, Andreas A1 - Tetzlaff, Ulrich A1 - Elger, Gordon T1 - Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN) Based Validation Framework for FEA Post Processing to Improve SAC Solder Reliability Analysis T2 - 2024 IEEE 10th Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC), Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC60143.2024.10712023 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC60143.2024.10712023 SN - 979-8-3503-9036-0 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - THES A1 - Müller, Paul T1 - Assessing mesh generation techniques for the aerodynamic CFD analysis of a formula student car using OpenFOAM N2 - As aerodynamic devices play an important role in the Formula Student, the accurate prediction of aerodynamic values gives an advantage in the development and setup of the car. Therefore the Schanzer Racing Electric e.V. is driven to increase the accuracy of their Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation. As a result, this thesis takes a look at possibilities to improve the discretization of the fluid domain. Since the current Computational Fluid Dynamics software in use is OpenFOAM, different suitable meshing solutions are analyzed and evaluated. A high emphasis is laid on the insertion of high-quality prism layers, as the current mesh used by the Schanzer Racing Electric e.V. team is a purely unstructured mesh. The three utilities that are compared are the two open-source and free meshers snappyHexMesh and cfMesh as well as the commercial mesher HyperMesh CFD. The utilities are analyzed and categorized in their overall workflow, mesh quality and stability. When taking a look at the two free open-source mesher, both of them fail to achieve the desired properties of the prism layers. They are only capable of achieving a limited thickness of prism layers which are dependent on the surrounding volume cells. In comparison to that the commercial mesher HyperMesh CFD is capable of generating prism layers to the desired properties and quality. Overall the mesh generated by the HyperMesh CFD utility is visually satisfying. After the generation of the meshes, they are imported into the OpenFOAM environment and the fluid solver is started. Only one mesh could be found to run stable and converge. This mesh was an unstructured mesh generated with the snappyHexMesh utility which is similar to the mesh that is already in use by the Schanzer Racing Electric e.V.. As a result, no suitable solution could be found that works in the OpenFOAM environment. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-51103 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Lu, Kuan-Lin T1 - Parameter variation as sensitivity study of a novel design principle for damage tolerant structural bondings with respect to manufacturing tolerances N2 - In this thesis, the main objective is to investigate a new adhesive bonding concept, which is designed to be damage tolerant and with a possibility to substitute riveting structural joint at some degree. To take advantage of adhesive bonding in reducing weight and cost, there are numerous of research done on this topic and will be continued in this thesis. A major obstacle faced while investigating complicated adhesive bonding design is analyzing the stress distribution. And since FEM is the more effective method in doing the job, modeling the adhesive joint is another challenging task to resolve. To further optimize adhesive bonding, a series of parameter study on different factors are conducted. The important parameters are the stiffness of the adherends, which can be still subdivided into the splice plate and the substrate, tolerance on manufacturing errors, which is composed of shifted bonding position and altering bonding gap width, and topological variants, where the features of filling the bonding gap, extruding a spew fillet on the end of the bonding overlap, and the different geometries of the bonding component. A demonstrative model is built to have a schematical overview on a damaged bonding component as the last parameter. From these, it is then determined the stress distribution in the adhesive is influenced by the geometry, where the stress concentration shifted from the fronter area by the gap to the end of the overlap as the geometry changed from triangle to trapezoid and further to rectangle. And the other discovery is that the stress value in the adhesive is reduced by stiffer adherend, adhesive spew fillet, and gap filling. Another important information gained is that the manufacturing errors may be deteriorating the adhesive joint but not distinctive at only few millimeters. An acceptable derivation is at around 2 to 3 mm. Last but not least, to achieve the damage tolerating adhesive joint, the intact bonding component should withstand a two-times-higher stress, when damage occurred. With a sufficient structural adhesively bonded joint, the cost and weight of the structure can be cut down significantly. On a unitary sampling joint, it is indicated that the cost and weight of adhesive joint is half of riveting joint. Promising evidence is shown by the results and thus this concept should be further developed, to facilitate the improvement in aircraft structure constructions. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-49821 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Singh, Hardeep T1 - Electrochemical characterization of steel under cathodic polarization and subsequent mechanical testing N2 - This master thesis investigates the electrochemical behaviour of steel under cathodic polarization and its consequent mechanical properties through a comprehensive exploratory examination, which has significant implications for corrosion control strategies and material performance in various engineering applications. Electrochemical techniques, including the potentiodynamic polarization test and galvanostatic hydrogen loading, are employed to characterize the corrosion behaviour of steel samples subjected to cathodic polarization. Additionally, mechanical testing methods such as tensile testing on quenched and tempered C45 steel and C67S steel (DIN 471), hardness measurement before and after hydrogen loading, the impact of hydrogen on fracture properties, ductility, and yield strength, and fractographic analysis using a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the polarized steel specimens were carried out. The experimental findings demonstrate how cathodic polarization affects steel's microstructure, mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion, providing valuable insights into the relationship between electrochemical conditions and material performance. An assessment was conducted on the impact of the charging method on the associated embrittlement indices. Investigations were also conducted into the effects of additional test variables, including strain rate, electrolyte composition, and applied current density. The findings reveal significant degradation in mechanical performance due to hydrogen embrittlement, particularly in high-strength steels, elucidating the mechanisms by which hydrogen affects material integrity and the implications for steel applications under cathodic protection conditions. The results make a significant contribution to our knowledge of corrosion mechanisms and the development of useful corrosion mitigation techniques for steel structures. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-49883 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Koppal, Prasad Pandurang T1 - Mathematical and Simulink-based modelling of single and parallel dual-source heat pump N2 - Heat Pumps are one of the major sources of heat supply for residential sector especially in the cold climatic countries where the ambient temperatures are below 0 oC. In cases where a single heat pump cannot match with the heating load, Hybrid Heat Pumps (HHP’s) are usually employed to ensure the adequate supply of heat where more than type of heat source supply the heat at the same time. A similar concept-based Novel HHP was built and constructed in one of the laboratory of university "Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt" where a Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP) was integrated with the Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) and can provide heat from these two sources simultaneously in which both the Heat Pumps are running parallelly (PSHP) during low ambient temperatures. This paper is based on mathematical modelling of this particular novel HHP for both single source mode of operation (either ASHP or GSHP) and parallel source mode of operation (PSHP). In the later part of this research, the mathematical model was reflected into MATLAB Simulink application for performance evaluation of the created model such as Seasonal Performance Factor (SPF), Total Heat Supplied from HHP (Annually and Periodically), House/Room Temperature throughout the year. Keywords: Heat Pumps, HHP (Hybrid Heat Pumps), Dual Source Heat Pumps, Mathematical Modelling, MATLAB, Simulink. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-51314 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Potadar, Shraddha Rajendra T1 - PyPSA-Earth driven cost-optimal pathway for Botswana to achieve carbon-neutrality by year 2050 N2 - The pressing issue of developing countries is insufficient electrical access and maintaining the required carbon limit needs to be answered. Worldwide policymakers, researchers and investors constantly trying to achieve the coat optimum solution with clean energy required the comprehensive study of the country. Acknowledging the same issues, government of Botswana is constantly trying for enlarging energy generation through increasing capacities and renewable generators in the current energy producers. Taking those initiative and policies into consideration, this thesis focuses on for major scenarios. First scenario 2030 with the 30% increase in renewable capacity, second scenario 2036 with 50% increase in renewable capacity, third scenario 2050 (A) where renewable capacity is increase to 70% considering the previous year (2030, 2036) renewable growth and finally fourth scenario where similar to other countries Botswana attempts for zero carbon emission electricity hence the 100% renewable system2050 (B). Highly customised scenario with modified constraints in PyPSA-Earth energy model gives the results like expanded installed capacities, generation according to each fuel-based power plant, costs of generator like CapEx and OpEx, dispatch and its detailed analysis, generator and load distribution and battery storage plot. Not only the future but also present energy system is comprehended in the study to attain the correlation with the historical and forecasted values. Finally, all the scenarios are compared with respect to gained results and determining that scenario 2050(B) fits the best and satisfies the desired target of thesis. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-51372 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Möckel, Nico Martin T1 - Auslegung und Prototypenbau einer Pelton-Turbine mittels FDM-Technologie für ein hydropneumatisches Energiespeicher- und Rückgewinnungssystem N2 - Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die Entwicklung eines Prototypensystems bestehend aus einem Wasserreservoir, einer Pumpe und einer Turbine, wobei besonderes Augenmerk auf die Auslegung und Konstruktion der Turbine gelegt wird. Die Auswahl der Komponenten basiert auf früheren Arbeiten zu diesem System. Durch Versuchsdurchführungen wurde der Betriebspunkt der Anlage genauer bestimmt und eine entsprechend ausgelegt Pelton-Turbine konstruiert. Die Festigkeitsanalyse zeigt, dass die Turbinenschaufeln den auftretenden Belastungen standhalten. Der Prototyp des Systems erreicht eine Drehzahl von 431 1/min. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-46919 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dürr, Thomas A1 - Dürr, Alexander Thomas Dieter Richard ED - Doleski, Oliver D. ED - Freunek, Monika T1 - 15 Challenges of Today’s Energy Distribution T2 - Handbook of Electrical Power Systems: Energy Technology and Management in Dialogue UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111264271-015 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111264271-015 SN - 978-3-11-126427-1 SP - 303 EP - 334 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - THES A1 - Pinetzki, Obed T1 - Ansätze zum parametrischen Vorentwurf eines überschallfähigen Passagierflugzeuges N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Erarbeitung von Ansätzen für den parametrischen Vorentwurf eines überschallfähigen Passagierflugzeuges. Hierfür werden die Formeln für den Vorentwurf eines herkömmlichen Passagierflugzeuges auf die Umsetzbarkeit für Überschallbereiche analysiert und angepasst. Um die Komplexität einer Neuentwicklung und Zulassung im Luftfahrtbereich zu veranschaulichen, werden anhand der ICAO und der EASA bzw. FAA die Zusammenhänge zwischen Übereinkünften, Verordnungen und Bauvorschriften am Beispiel der Bauvorschrift für Große Verkehrsflugzeuge dargestellt. Diese wird im Laufe der Arbeit referenziert, um Rahmenbedingungen herzustellen. Beginnend werden im Rahmen einer Konzeptstudie bestehende Überschallflugzeuge und Überschallkonzepte betrachtet und präsentiert. Hierbei wird zusätzlich ein militärisches Überschallflugzeug betrachtet, da sich für den Vorentwurf eine Schnittmenge zwischen den Designwerten von militärischen Überschallflugzeugen zu den zivilen Überschallflugzeugen ergeben kann, die es dann ermöglicht, Erkenntnisse bzw. Literatur und Entwurfsparameter von Kampfjets für diesen Vorentwurf anzuwenden. Darauf aufbauend werden unterschiedliche Flügelgeometrien und deren Anordnung vorgestellt. Triebwerksarten, werden nach dem Einsatzgebiet in Bezug auf die Fluggeschwindigkeit eingruppiert. Abschließend wird ein kurzer Blick in den Bereich Triebwerksforschung geworfen. Um für den Kern der Arbeit einen Rahmen aufspannen zu können, werden die gestellten Anforderungen und die getroffenen Annahmen vorangestellt und mit einer Rationale begründet. Ein Atmosphärenmodell wird eingeführt und das Prinzip einer Regressionsanalyse wird veranschaulicht, da es als Werkzeug für die Herleitung von Abschätzformeln im Hauptteil zur Anwendung kommt. Der Kern der Arbeit bildet die ersten Schritte eines Vorentwurfes und umfasst die Gewichtsabschätzung und die Schubauslegung. Mit den Ergebnissen werden darauffolgend die Rumpf- und Tragflächenmaße erarbeitet. Im Anschluss wird mit Hilfe einer Auswahl an Vergleichstriebwerken ein Rubber Size Engine entworfen und daraus die Dimensionierungen für den Triebwerkseinlauf abgeleitet. Um die Unterschiede zu einem herkömmlichen Passagierflugzeug abschließend zu betrachten, wird mit Hilfe einer Regression ein Ansatz für die Abschätzung von Lärmwerten auf Basis von frühzeitig im Entwicklungsprozess vorliegenden Daten hergeleitet. Die Arbeit schließt mit einem Fazit ab und erwähnt die anknüpfenden Auslegungsschritte, um sie in den Gesamtkontext des Vorentwurfes zu setzten. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-51123 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Pfaller, Christoph T1 - Entwicklung, Konstruktion und Validierung einer In-Line Trockenstrecke N2 - Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde die bestehende, konvektiv arbeitende Trockenstrecke einer Beschichtungsanlage für die Halbzeugherstellung funktionsintegrierter Glasfaserverbundwerkstoffe überarbeitet, getestet und validiert. Ziel war es, die maximale Prozessgeschwindigkeit durch eine Steigerung der Trockenleistung zu erhöhen, ein automatisiertes Regelungssystem einzuführen und den Prozess für eine Skalierung vorzubereiten. Das neue Trocknungskonzept basiert auf einer Nutzwertanalyse des aktuellen Stands der Technik, wobei die Trocknung mittels kurzwelliger Infrarotstrahlung ausgewählt wurde. Zur Funktionalitätsprüfung des überarbeiteten Designs wurde ein Benchmark unter angepassten Prozessbedingungen durchgeführt, bei dem Prozessgeschwindigkeit und Trocknerleistung variiert und die Menge der verdampften Flüssigkeit bewertet wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein erhöhtes Verdampfungspotenzial der neuen Trockenstrecke. Zudem wurde ein Regelungssystem für die Leistungssteuerung entwickelt und in die Steuerungssoftware der Anlage integriert, wobei die Fasertemperatur als Regelgröße ausgewählt und optimiert wurde. Durch Validierungsversuche unter Produktionsbedingungen wurde die gesteigerte Trockenleistung und die Funktionalität des Regelungssystems bestätigt. Anschließende Versuche sind erforderlich, um die exakten Prozessgrenzen der neuen Trockenstrecke unter Produktionsbedingungen zu bestimmen und das Regelungssystem final einzustellen. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-51116 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Dholariya, Monik Mukesh T1 - Simulation studies for the operation of a power supply Island grid N2 - In recent years, electrification work has been increasing around the world, especially in some underdeveloped countries and on the islands. However, underdeveloped and most developed countries are transitioning towards renewable energy. Furthermore, integrating renewable energy sources is one of the challenging tasks in terms of power supply and demand, especially for isolated regions. This thesis presents a comprehensive simulation study to optimise the operation of a power supply island grid with power system stability. For the island grid concept, the microgrid structure is used as an island-mode microgrid or island microgrid. The study focuses on incorporating biogas into a power supply to island loads and its impact on island grid performance. Based on the current configuration, make this grid-connected system into an island system and design and develop the grid as per the island grid. After developing the island, it is required to define the operation condition of the island grid. After this, the main focus is to analyse the performance from the various simulation studies to know more about power flow direction to component loadings, protections during normal operation conditions, and dynamic or transient simulation studies and studies that can help to identify the power system stability criteria. Furthermore, the black start operation is one of the most essential parts of the island grid for stable operation. Through detailed modelling and simulation, this research investigates the stability in steady operation and dynamic or transient time operation of island grids under various operating conditions and load scenarios. Lastly, the AutoCAD tool is used for the base SLD creation, and the Excel tool is used for data analysis: this analysed data and SLD required for model development in DIgSILENT PowerFactory and from all the simulation studies with different case scenarios, it helps to improve stability of operation of island grid. Keywords: Islandgrid, microgrids, biogas plant, power system study, grid stability, control system, simulation study, load flow studies, protection study, RMS study, black start, island operation, DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-51243 CY - Ingolstadt ER -