TY - THES A1 - Ganesan, Soorya Narayanan T1 - Integration of the motorbike test bench in TH Ingolstadt into a multibody model N2 - Simulation models have been a significant aspect of the engineering development process in computer-aided evaluation and optimization over the past few decades. Computer-aided methods have the potential to facilitate the conceptualization and design of various items, including machinery, road vehicles, airplanes, rail vehicles, and robotics. Simulation models can serve as a partial alternative to time-consuming, costly, and hazardous research. In contemporary times, the numerical method has emerged as the favored approach for addressing linear and nonlinear structural mechanics and dynamics problems. At Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, there exist a motorbike test bench. The objective is to develop a simulation model that produces outcomes that closely align with those obtained from a test bench. Hence, the need for conducting tests on the test bench can be avoided. The primary topic of this thesis centers on the rear support structure of the test bench, which is related to the positioning of the rear wheel. The rear support geometry has been optimized and constrained in the finite element analysis. Simulations have been conducted using both elastic and rigid bodies in the MKS methods, and the behavior of the rear support is determined through static tests. Y1 - 2023 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-41343 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Götz, Richard T1 - Abbildung eines Delta-Roboters durch ein parametrisiertes Mehrkörpersystem zur dynamischen Auslegung und Konstruktion Y1 - 2023 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-40945 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Sheryar, Muhammad T1 - Reinforcement learning for building energy system control in multi-family buildings N2 - The demand for heat energy is increasing worldwide and to achieve net zero carbon emissions targets, more innovation is needed for heat production. Heat pumps are considered a potential replacement for boilers and are currently in high demand. The next approach is to optimize the use of heat pumps with household PV production to avoid grid overloading due to running increased demand by the heat pump. In this work, a Reinforcement Learning algorithm is used in the MATLAB RL toolbox with an energy-building model built in MATLAB Simulink Carnot. The energy building model uses a heat pump to charge thermal storage, and a PV system is considered with a typical ON/OFF strategy. This work shows how the RL toolbox has the potential to interact with this energy-building model to optimize the heat pump with a PV system. All suggested agents by the MATLAB RL toolbox are investigated with this building energy model (BEM), and annual simulation is performed with a well-trained agent, which converges during training. Two different models have been developed for heat pump control. The first model is called the RL-based Heat Pump Controller, which is designed to meet thermal targets only. The second model is called the PV- optimized RL-based Heat Pump Controller, which not only meets thermal targets but also considers the operation of the PV system with the heat pump. The simulation results show that using the RL toolbox, the RL-based Heat Pump Controller model has performed excellently. In the PV-optimized RL-based Heat Pump Controller model, there is almost a 4.37% increase in PV self-consumption compared to the typical control strategy, resulting in annual electricity savings of almost 3.52 MWh. Some challenges of using the RL toolbox are also highlighted with future recommendations, which mainly include computational efforts. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-44608 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Kehlenbach, Michael T1 - Systemische Analyse der Wirkketten in der Wasserstoffwirtschaft unter Einbeziehung politischer, ökonomischer und technologischer Aspekte N2 - Für den Erfolg von Klimawandel und Energiewende sowie für ein resilientes Energiesystem der Zukunft ist nachhaltig erzeugter Wasserstoff unabdingbarer Energieträger und verbindendes Element. Trotz einer Vielzahl an weltweiten Wasserstoffprojekten und -initiativen ist jedoch eine Stagnation des realen Markthochlaufs der Wasserstoffwirtschaft erkennbar, was gemeinhin als „Henne-Ei-Problem“ umschrieben wird. Dabei wird der Wasserstoffsektor in einem komplexen Beziehungsgeflecht beeinflusst durch ökonomische, politische und technologische Faktoren sowie durch eine große Anzahl von Akteuren und Stakeholdern. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert, erläutert und verbindet die weit verzweigten Wirkzusammenhänge der Wasserstoffwirtschaft zu einem „Big Picture“. Sie beschreibt die Marktbarrieren sowie die Erfolgs- und Schlüsselfaktoren, die den Markthochlauf eines nachhaltigen Wasserstoff-Energiesystems beeinflussen. Schritt für Schritt werden alle Faktoren in einen systematischen Zusammenhang eingeordnet und zu einem übersichtlichen Schaubild zusammengefasst. Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit sind die technologischen Schritte der Wasserstoff-Wertschöpfungskette sowie die grundlegenden ökonomischen Marktmechanismen von Angebot und Nachfrage, wie sie auch in anderen Bereichen der Energiewirtschaft Anwendung finden. Es folgt ein Blick auf die Besonderheiten des Wachstums neuer Innovationen sowie auf die Grundlagen systemischen Denkens. Anschließend werden die Besonderheiten des Wasserstoffmarktes beschrieben und die Einflussfaktoren auf Angebot und Nachfrage hergeleitet und ausführlich erklärt. Dabei werden sowohl der aktuelle Zustand, als auch mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungen für alle Einzelfaktoren erläutert. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der gegenseitigen Interaktion aller Faktoren und deren wechselseitiger Beeinflussung. Das Wechselwirken dieser Faktoren wird durch den Abgleich mit Grundmustern und Analogien des systemischen Denkens untersucht. Eine Szenarioanalyse identifiziert zusätzlich Schlüsselfaktoren und denkbare gesamtheitliche Entwicklungen des Wasserstoffsektors. Im Laufe der Arbeit wird auf diese Weise die besondere Bedeutung von Wirtschaftlichkeitsfaktoren, technischen Limitationen, Regulatorik und Gesetzgebung, Fördermechanismen sowie von Energie- und Geopolitik deutlich. Auf Basis der aktuellen Marktsituation, den Schlüsselfaktoren und den identifizierten Wachstumsmechanismen werden Handlungsempfehlungen für die Akteure in der Wasserstoffwirtschaft formuliert. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-57605 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bienert, Jörg ED - Adams, Christian ED - Bös, Joachim ED - Klärner, Matthias ED - Nissen, Ivor T1 - Fraktionale Ableitungen in der Modellierung für die Strukturdynamik T2 - Modelle der physikalischen Akustik: Folien-Repositorium zum 26. Workshop „Physikalische Akustik“ im Physikzentrum Bad Honnef N2 - Modellierung ist eine zentrale Fertigkeit, ein Modell ein Instrument, um beispielsweise Fragestellungen der physikalischen Akustik abzubilden, zu untersuchen und zu verstehen. Obwohl Modelle ganz unterschiedliche Fragestellungen in der physikalischen Akustik adressieren können, sind die zugrundeliegenden Modellierungsansätze und -philosophien häufig sehr ähnlich. Dieses wurde in dem diesjährigen Herbstworkshop des Fachausschusses Physikalische Akustik der DEGA am 22. und 23. Oktober 2021 im Physikzentrum Bad Honnef unter der Bezeichnung Modelle der physikalischen Akustik intensiv beleuchtet und diskutiert. UR - https://doi.org/10.48328/tudatalib-798 KW - Fractional Derivatives Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.48328/tudatalib-798 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-25038 SP - 76 EP - 96 PB - TU Darmstadt CY - Darmstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Akhter, Khushboo T1 - Design of photovoltaic off-grid systems with second-life batteries BT - a case study from riverside communities in the Amazon N2 - This thesis explores the essential role of infrastructure, specifically electrification, in catalyzing socio-economic advancement in the rural regions of the Amazonas Basin. Despite the presence of several national and global initiatives, progress in implementation remains slow. To address this challenge, off-grid system technologies, notably photovoltaic systems combined with second-life lithium-ion batteries (SLBs), have gained traction in recent years. This case study presents a comprehensive socio-economic factor where in such an off-grid hybrid system successfully electrifies community in the Amazonas Basin, supplying an average of 802 kWh of energy per day to vital infrastructural components including community centers, schools, households, and local industries. Furthermore, this project proposes insight into the potential of SLBs as a second-life scenario, aligning with the expanding global electromobility landscape and the prospect of reusing LIBs. Through economic and ecological evaluations, it demonstrates the viability of SLBs over conventional diesel generators, with health considerations integrated into the assessment process. Technical feasibility, economic viability, and environmental impact of SLBs are thoroughly examined, alongside discussions on various SLB applications and the requisite assessment and testing procedures. Despite the environmental benefits and revenue-generating potential associated with SLBs, challenges such as the absence of standardized assessment methodologies and limited research pose hurdles. Consequently, the thesis supports continued research efforts to enhance understanding and standardize assessment protocols, facilitating broader adoption of SLBs in rural electrification endeavors. By addressing these challenges, this research contributes to the advancement of sustainable electrification solutions in remote regions, thereby fostering socio-economic development and environmental stewardship in the Amazonas Basin and beyond. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-51421 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Heinrichs, Isabel T1 - Anwendung und Optimierung der digitalen Bildkorrelation für die mechanische Prüfung keramischer Faserverbundwerkstoffe N2 - Die am Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) entwickelten keramischen Faserverbundwerkstoffe IFOX und WHIPOX vereinen die herausragenden Eigenschaften von Keramiken, insbesondere die hohe Festigkeit bei extrem hohen Temperaturen, mit einer im Vergleich zu monolithischen Keramiken erhöhten Duktilität. Durch den Aufbau im Verbund mittels keramischer Fasern und Matrix weisen diese Faserverbundwerkstoffe ein für Hochleistungsanwendungen wichtiges, schadenstolerantes Verhalten auf. Das Interesse ist groß, die mechanischen Eigenschaften der entwickelten keramischen Faserverbundwerkstoffe genau abzubilden und das komplexe Verformungs- und Bruchverhalten genaustens zu verstehen. Bei der mechanischen Charakterisierung dieser Werkstoffe reichen konventionelle Messmethoden nicht aus, um die inhomogenen Dehnungen lokal genau genug aufzulösen, da diese ein zu großes Materialvolumen erfassen. Die digitale Bildkorrelation (DIC) ermöglicht die Messung vollflächiger Verschiebungs- und Dehnungsfelder und wird zur mechanischen Charakterisierung der keramischen Faserverbundwerkstoffe WHIPOX und IFOX verwendet. Es werden die vier zerstörenden Prüfverfahren uniaxialer Zug-, Drei-PunktBiege-, Kurz-Drei-Punkt-Biege- und Iosipescu-Scherversuch durchgeführt. Um die mittels DIC ermittelten Daten zu validieren, werden die mechanischen Prüfungen zeitgleich von einer konventionellen Messmethode begleitet. Ausgehend von den experimentellen Rohdaten werden die spezifischen Kennwerte je Versuch mittels selbst-generierten Python-Skripten ausgewertet und zwischen jeweiliger konventioneller Methode und digitaler Bildkorrelation verglichen. Zu den ermittelten Kennwerten gehören unter anderem die Festigkeit, die Bruchdehnung, das Elastizitäts- sowie Schubmodul, die Querkontraktionszahl. Die Rohdaten des DIC-Verfahrens werden weiterhin genutzt, um neue Informationen in Form von Diagrammen und Kennwerten zu generieren, welche bisher nicht ermittelt werden konnten. Dazu gehören die Visualisierung der Dehnungsverteilung und -änderung mittels Falschfarbenplot, die Erstellung von Zeit-Dehnungs-Diagrammen und die Auswertung von definierten Teilbereichen des gesamten Prüfbereichs. Anhand der ermittelten Ergebnisse wird die Anwendbarkeit der digitalen Bildkorrelation für die mechanische Prüfung der Werkstoffe WHIPOX und IFOX diskutiert und bewertet. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass die Mittelwerte der ermittelten Kennwerte des DIC-Verfahrens und der jeweiligen konventionellen Messmethode sehr gut übereinstimmen. Auch die Spannungs-Dehnungs-Kurven bzw. Kraft-Weg-Kurven der Messverfahren sind bis zum Bruch deckungsgleich mit Ausnahme einzelner weniger Proben. Die erfolgreiche Anwendung des DIC-Verfahrens konnte somit eindeutig bestätigt werden. Der Mehrwert des DIC-Verfahrens wird als hoch eingeschätzt, da durch die vollflächige Erfassung von Verschiebungs- und Dehnungsfeldern neue und wichtige Informationen generiert werden können. Y1 - 2023 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-43214 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Summerer, Christoph Alexander T1 - Methode zum Design und zur Auslegung eines 1:5 skalierten Versuchsträgers für die autonomen Fahrfunktionen eines Tesla Model S N2 - In der vorliegenden Abschlussarbeit wird ein Versuchsträger aufgebaut und mit Hilfe der Dimensionalanalysemethode nach dem Buckingham Pi Theorem skaliert. Ziel ist es dabei ein Fahrzeug aufzubauen, mit welchem zum einen autonome und zum anderen teleoperierte Fahrfunktionen, für Flottenversuche im Bereich des autonomen Fahrens, umgesetzt werden können. Dabei wird zunächst die Theorie der Skalierung mit dem Buckingham Pi Theorem anhand eines Praxisbeispiels erklärt. Anschließend werden die für die Skalierung verwendeten Fahrzeugmodelle erläutert und anhand derer die Skalierungsvorschriften für das Versuchsfahrzeug abgeleitet. Mit der erläuterten Theorie wird dann ein Prototyp des Versuchsträgers entwickelt und aufgebaut. Dabei wird auf Basis eines kommerziell erhältlichen Grundfahrzeug ein Versuchsträger mit zusätzlichen Sensoren und Kontrollmöglichkeiten entwickelt. Es wird ein Überblick über dieses Grundfahrzeug und die verwendeten Zusatzkomponenten gegeben. Anschließend werden die vorgenommenen Modifikationen an dem Grundfahrzeug, wie auch die praktische Anwendung des Buckingham Pi Theorems aufgezeigt. Mit den daraus gewonnen Vorgaben wird dann ein Prototyp des Versuchsträgers aufgebaut. Der aufgebaute Prototyp wird schließlich anhand von Messungen am realen Versuchsträger als auch durch das Resultat von Simulationen validiert. Damit wird sichergestellt, dass das Versuchsfahrzeug auch den Erwartungen entsprechend agiert, wenn es in späteren Projekten eingesetzt wird. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-46962 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krämer, Wolfgang ED - Der Präsident der Fachhochschule Ingolstadt, T1 - Grenzzyklen in einem Servolenksystem N2 - In einem Servolenksystem, das im Gegensatz zu üblichen Servolenkungen nach dem Winkelüberlagerungsprinzip arbeitet, können sich bei losgelassenem Lenkrad Grenzzyklen einstellen. Eine wichtige Ursache hierfür ist die Begrenzung des Antriebsmoments des Stellmotors. Nach einer Beschreibung und Modellierung des Lenksystems werden die Grenzzyklen untersucht und ihre Periodendauer mit Hilfe einer modalen Betrachtung berechnet. Daraus ergeben sich qualitative Aussagen über die Einflüsse der Systemparameter auf die Existenz der Grenzzyklen. Eine Maßnahme zur Vermeidung der Grenzzyklen wird vorgeschlagen, ihre Wirksamkeit durch Simulation nachgewiesen und ihre Wirkungsweise mit Hilfe der Methode der harmonischen Balance analysiert. Das Ergebnis der Analyse führt zu einer Weiterentwicklung der Maßnahme. T3 - Arbeitsberichte - Working Papers - 12 KW - Servolenkung Y1 - 2006 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-279 SN - 1612-6483 PB - Fachhochschule Ingolstadt CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ferstl, Stefan ED - Der Präsident der Fachhochschule Ingolstadt, T1 - Model-based development and test of device drivers N2 - The development of device drivers in the automotive industry is often confronted with the problem of not yet available hardware, which can be used for testing. This paper describes how to build up a test environment in Simulink, which contains a model of the physical and logical behavior of an intelligent smart power switch that is used to control multiple bulbs in a car. To get a closed-loop simulation, a bulb model was developed, which calculates the current depending on voltage and temperature for diagnostic purposes. By using this configurable environment, it was possible to develop and test a driver with TargetLink, although the device, which it has to control, was not yet vailable. In order to get experience in HIL tests using the interface between CANoe and Simulink, this approach was analyzed in detail. T3 - Arbeitsberichte - Working Papers - 13 KW - Kraftfahrzeugelektronik KW - Treiber KW - SIMULINK Y1 - 2007 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-283 SN - 1612-6483 PB - Fachhochschule Ingolstadt CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Jain, Rushabh Bansilal T1 - Solar-powered irrigation in Ghana BT - techno-economic analysis and sustainable business models N2 - This thesis investigates the feasibility and economic viability of Solar-Powered Irrigation Systems (SPIS) in Ghana, focusing on smallholder farms. The study addresses the critical need for sustainable and efficient irrigation methods amidst challenges posed by traditional diesel-based systems and limited access to reliable electricity in rural areas. A comprehensive analysis of various SPIS configurations, including off-grid, grid-connected, and mini-grid systems, is conducted manually and validated with HOMER software. The research evaluates technical performance, economic benefits, and environmental impacts, highlighting the potential of SPIS to enhance agricultural productivity while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The findings suggest that community-based models and strategic use of solar power beyond irrigation can maximize benefits, promoting year-round utilization and sustainability. Economic analyses underscore the importance of subsidies to lower initial financial barriers, making solar irrigation an attractive option for smallholder farmers and private investors. The study concludes with recommendations for policy reforms, community engagement, and technological innovations to drive the widespread adoption of SPIS, ultimately contributing to Ghana's goals of sustainable agricultural development and energy independence. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-49789 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Cornejo Asanza, Humberto David T1 - Design a PID controller for a complex thermal test bench through characterization and modelling N2 - Thermal test benches are of high importance in the industrial and research fields for validating designs, optimizing energy efficiency, and fostering innovations in various applications. To control temperatures and volume flows in thermal test benches, PID controllers are the most used, however, there are challenges in obtaining PID values due to the limitations in tuning, handling nonlinearities, system behavior, first or second-order system, and dead time. There are several methods to calculate PID values, one of the most used is the Ziegler-Nichols method. For systems without dead time, the IMC-PID control method can be utilized. For optimal design of controllers, it is important to characterize the thermal test bench, which is a setup used to evaluate the thermal performance of systems under controlled conditions, by defining working points, recognizing nonlinearities, and verifying the presence of dead time. It was recognized that the maximum voltage percentage of the recirculation pump has an impact on the volume flow at the heat sink circuit. At 100% of this percentage, 1490 l/h was obtained, while at 50%, 900 l/h was achieved. Moreover, a non-linear behavior of the flow valve was observed. An important finding is the influence of the heating power of the heat pump on the thermal test bench, as this heating power has a dependency on temperatures and volume flows. Furthermore, in the temperature measurements, the dead time depends on the volume flow, being higher at lower volume flows. The best temperature control depended on a lower temperature, while the best volume flow control depended on a higher volume flow. Once the thermal test bench was characterized, methods were applied to obtain the PI values simulatively. For temperature, the values were Kc = 0.04227 and Ti = 0.8333 min approaching the best stability using Ziegler-Nichols method. For volume flow, the values were Kc = 0.00475 and Ti = 0.0186 min using the IMC-PI method. It was concluded that the obtained Kc and Ti values applied in the LabView presented good system stability for temperature and volume flow control. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-49749 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehta, Kedar A1 - Zörner, Wilfried T1 - Crop selection in Agri-PV: international review based strategic decision-making model JF - Solar Compass N2 - Agri-Photovoltaics (Agri-PV) is well known for its dual land use, integrating solar energy generation with agricultural production. This not only optimizes land use but also enhances food and energy security. Since Agri-PV is closely linked with crop cultivation, it is not solely about energy generation but also requires careful consideration of crop suitability within Agri-PV installations. Despite its significance, there is limited information available to guide decision-making for crop selection in Agri-PV systems. Selecting suitable crops remains a complex challenge, as factors such as shading tolerance, water requirements, and economic viability vary across different geographical and climatic conditions. This study develops a novel, review-based decision support model for crop selection in Agri-PV systems, synthesizing international research and case studies to provide a structured framework for decision-making. The model is based on 12 main crop typologies and key parameters such as water use, shading adaptability, crop yield/economic potential, and space requirements, derived from 117 research articles and case studies from 25 countries. By leveraging insights from successful international implementations, the model provides a practical framework for policymakers, farmers, and energy planners to enhance the sustainability and efficiency of Agri-PV projects. Findings suggest that crop selection strategies must align with regional climate conditions and PV system design to maximize synergies between energy and food production. High-value crops that require less space and have higher shade tolerance are more suitable for small-scale or decentralized Agri-PV systems. Future research should focus on advanced modeling techniques, AI-driven optimization, and real-world pilot studies to further refine decision-making in Agri-PV deployment. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on Agri-PV systems by providing a novel crop suitability matrix for effective decision-making. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100143 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100143 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-62476 SN - 2772-9400 VL - 2025 IS - 16 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vannahme, Anna A1 - Patel, Dharmik A1 - Schmitt, David A1 - Summ, Thorsten A1 - Trinkl, Christoph A1 - Schrag, Tobias T1 - Technical and economic analysis of digitally controlled substations in local district heating networks JF - Energy N2 - Since the 1990s, there has been a noticeable increase in the establishment of local district heating networks in Germany, coinciding with the use of thermal energy from biogas and biomass facilities. Historically, the prioritization of economically efficient heat utilization was subdued due to favorable electricity feed-in tariffs. However, with the expiration of Renewable Energy Sources Act subsidies, operators shifted focus to the operational costs of district heating networks. This study aims to examine the effects of optimizing controllers and valves at district heating substations in single-family homes, utilizing two local district heating networks. The emphasis is on evaluating impacts on operating costs and determining whether the economic and energetic benefits justify implementation. Simulation studies in MATLAB/Simulink Simscape depict both consumers and district heating networks individually, without aggregation. In the most favorable scenario, investing in enhancing substation controllers in single-family homes is projected to yield returns after 13 years. Comprehensive optimization of all substation controls in single-family homes can potentially result in up to 9% savings in thermal energy demand due to reduced heat losses and a corresponding 9% reduction in electrical power consumption for the main pump. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.133585 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.133585 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-52718 SN - 0360-5442 SN - 1873-6785 VL - 2024 IS - 312 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mast, Tanja A1 - Hümmer, Benedikt A1 - Holzhammer, Uwe T1 - Smart Markets als marktbasierte Ergänzung zum deutschen Engpassmanagement BT - Konzeptionierung anhand eines Modellbeispiels T2 - 17. Symposium Energieinnovation KW - netzdienliche Flexibilität KW - marktbasiertes Engpassmanagement KW - Smart Market Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.tugraz.at/events/eninnov2022/nachlese/download-beitraege/stream-a/#c318498 PB - Technische Universität Graz CY - Graz ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mast, Tanja A1 - Hümmer, Benedikt A1 - Holzhammer, Uwe T1 - Potential of Demand Side Management and Biogas Plants in regional market-based Congestion Management T2 - ENERDAY 15th Conference on Energy Economics and Technology "Creative Destruction? Disruptive innovation in times of Covid and an accelerated energy system transformation": Book of Abstracts KW - smart Market KW - grid congestion KW - biogas plants KW - demand side management Y1 - 2021 UR - https://tu-dresden.de/bu/wirtschaft/bwl/ee2/tagungen/enerday-archives SP - 22 EP - 23 PB - TU Dresden CY - Dresden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zepf, Andreas A1 - Gelner, Alexander A1 - Härtl, Martin A1 - Jaensch, Malte T1 - 3D-CFD-Based optimization of piston Geometry, injector nozzle Design, and injection strategy for the alternative diesel fuel Oxymethylene ether (OME) JF - Fuel N2 - Oxymethylene ethers (OMEs) represent a promising alternative to conventional diesel fuels, offering carbon–neutral mobility and soot-free combustion due to the absence of carbon–carbon bonds. This prevents the soot-NOx trade-off. Moreover, an OME-adapted and optimized combustion process offers the opportunity to improve engine efficiency while simultaneously reducing NOx emissions, thus addressing the existing efficiency-NOx trade-off. Realizing this potential necessitates tailoring the mixture preparation and combustion process to the unique characteristics of OME. This study explores the optimization of piston geometry, injector nozzle design, and injection strategies to leverage OME’s unique properties for improved engine performance. Using 3D-CFD simulations with the CONVERGE software, key parameters such as nozzle diameter, spray angle, and piston bowl shape are analyzed for their impact on efficiency and emissions. The results highlight that wider piston bowl geometries enhance indicated efficiency, while larger nozzle diameters improve combustion efficiency due to reduced combustion durations. Smaller spray angles effectively lower NOx emissions but introduce challenges such as piston wetting and localized temperature peaks. The study also confirms that pilot injection does not benefit OME operation, simplifying injection system requirements. These findings underline the need for tailored engine designs to fully exploit OME’s potential as a sustainable fuel. The proposed configurations pave the way for further experimental validation and practical implementation in internal combustion engines, contributing to the global transition toward low-carbon transport systems. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136995 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136995 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63407 SN - 1873-7153 VL - 406 IS - Part B PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Armbruster, Felina A1 - Gelner, Alexander A1 - Zepf, Andreas A1 - Prager, Maximilian A1 - Härtl, Martin A1 - Jaensch, Malte T1 - Investigations on particle emissions of large-bore engines powered by natural gas and hydrogen JF - Environmental Science: Advances N2 - TIn an effort to mitigate the impact of climate change, e.g., by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, hydrogen is becoming an increasingly attractive alternative energy source, replacing conventional long-chain hydrocarbon fuels in the energy and transport sector. While there is a shift in individual transport towards battery-electric applications, the maritime and energy production sectors rely on a high energy density and time- and location-independent availability of the energy carrier. Therefore, large-bore engines powered by renewable fuels have the potential to shift the industry towards a climate-neutral operation. Besides the emission of greenhouse gases, internal combustion engines are known for emitting pollutant emissions, harming human health and the environment. Research on particle emissions of natural gas and hydrogen engines has mainly focused on automotive and heavy-duty applications. Hence, this study investigates particle emissions of a large-bore single-cylinder research engine powered by hydrogen, compared to natural gas, for the first time. Investigations on particles with a diameter as low as 10 nm showed particle numbers of 104 to 105 # cm−3, unexpectedly achieving slightly higher particle numbers in hydrogen than in natural gas operations. This is due to particles from lubricant oil and a stronger fuel interaction with the liner oil film in hydrogen operation, demonstrated within a 3D-CFD simulation. The concentrations are still lower by several orders of magnitude than in long-chain hydrocarbon fuel operations of identical engines. An extended emissions analysis based on the gaseous components THC, CO, and CO2 shows the negligible carbonaceous emissions induced by these oil-based particles. UR - https://doi.org/10.1039/D4VA00200H Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1039/D4VA00200H UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-50189 SN - 2754-7000 VL - 3 IS - 11 SP - 1524 EP - 1536 PB - RSC CY - London ER - TY - THES A1 - Roy, Maximilian T1 - Konzeptionierung einer Prüfbox zur optischen Bauteilerkennung N2 - Das Ziel der Masterarbeit war es, eine mobile Prüfbox zu konzipieren und konstruieren, mit deren Hilfe sich die Vorteile automatisierter Qualitätskontrolle durch industrielle Bildverarbeitung anhand kleiner additiv gefertigter Bauteile auf Messen und bei Unternehmen demonstrieren lassen. Dazu werden zunächst die theoretischen Grundlagen der additiven Fertigung sowie der industriellen Bildverarbeitung erläutert. Anschließend wird ein Prüfbox-Konzept methodisch erarbeitet und auskonstruiert. Zudem wird ein Konzeptschaltplan der elektrischen Komponenten vorgestellt und sowie eine Aufstellung der Materialkosten durchgeführt. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-45942 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Mingaleva, Ekaterina T1 - Micro-scale solar assisted district heating system for rural Kyrgyzstan BT - a feasibility study for a high-altitude settlement N2 - The present study investigates the viability of implementing a micro-scale district heating system (DHS) powered by solar energy in the elevated rural regions of Kyrgyzstan. The performance assessment of such a system is achieved through modeling and simulation in Polysun software along with a conducted parametric study to find out the optimal volume of the storage tank to the area of the collectors based on the solar fraction. A parametric study resulted in the possible system configuration with a solar fraction of 19.4%, achieved with 2,000 collectors (4,060 m2) and a 400 m3 storage tank. The follow-up economic evaluation considers total lifecycle costs, comparing the solar-assisted DHS with an electric and a coal boiler as the auxiliary heater, and an individual stove-based system. The DHS with a coal-fired boiler resulted in a slightly lower levelized cost of heat (LCOH) at 10.03 €-ct/kWh compared to the electric boiler at 11.77 €-ct/kWh, while an individual home coal-fired system is 1.13 €-ct/kWh. However, LCOH-based energy affordability analysis revealed that the proposed DHS would burden typical households, where the man works and the woman manages the household, exceeding income by 74% (with electric boiler) and 48% (with coal-fired boiler). Therefore, the study underscores the need for careful economic consideration in solar thermal projects, especially in low-income areas. To facilitate successful implementation in such regions, securing subsidies or financial support during the project's implementation stage is essential to maintain the affordability of these systems for the local population. Y1 - 2023 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-45434 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Thomas, Julian T1 - Entwicklung eines Algorithmus zur Koordinierung eines Drohnenschwarms für das autonome Ausführen einer generischen Aufgabe N2 - Der Schwerpunkt dieser Masterarbeit liegt auf der Entwicklung eines Algorithmus zur Koordination eines Drohnenschwarms mit dem Ziel, eine generische Aufgabe autonom auszuführen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde sich für eine virtuelle Containerentleerung entschieden. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-45310 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Ghorreshi, Amirmahdi T1 - Determining the optimal size of Agri-PV and battery systems in rural areas BT - a case study of Morocco and Algeria N2 - The global population is anticipated to experience a significant surge by 2050, posing profound challenges in ensuring food and energy security. Concurrently, the prevalence of hunger, exacerbated by pandemics, climate shocks, and conflicts, underscores the urgency to enhance agricultural productivity and energy efficiency. Agriculture currently accounts for 70% of freshwater consumption and 30% of global energy usage, requiring innovative solutions to meet increasing demands. In this context, Agri-Photovoltaic (Agri-PV) systems emerge as a promising approach, integrating agricultural practices with solar technology to enhance food production and energy generation simultaneously. These systems not only address the pressing need for sustainable food and energy sources but also offer benefits such as resilience against extreme weather events and income diversification for farmers. This study investigates the potential of Agri-PV systems to address power outages in rural areas of Kissane in Morocco, as well as Bouda in Algeria. These areas are characterized by weak grid networks. After developing the load profiles of farms and households in the case study areas based on real data and literature, the PV-SOL software is utilized to estimate the size of the photovoltaic system. After simulation in the software and considering the type of Agri-PV substructure, three different scenarios for sizing the system are taken into account. The first scenario aims to cover all energy demands for both farms and households, the second focuses solely on farms, and the third focuses only on household energy requirements. The results reveal that with six hours of power outage in a day, Kissane requires a 39 kWp Agri-PV system with an 85.31 kWh battery to fulfill its total energy demands. For farms alone, a 38 kWp system with an 82.04 kWh battery is necessary, while households, due to cooperative arrangements and few houses, need only a 1 kWp system with a 3.27 kWh battery. In Bouda, facing six power outages in a day, a 46 kWp system with a 144.34 kWh battery is required for total energy, 41 kWp with a 125.78 kWh battery for farms, and 5 kWp with an 18.56 kWh battery for households. Economic analysis favors Morocco due to higher electricity prices, yielding Kissane a positive 8.69% internal rate of return (IRR) and a competitive 10.95 cent/kWh levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). In contrast, Bouda faces economic challenges with a -2.93% IRR and a 13.77 cent/kWh LCOE, necessitating financial incentives for viability. Keywords: Agri-Photovoltaic (Agri-PV), power outage, load profile, grid network, rural energy security, Morocco, Algeria Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-47614 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Dhavale, Aditya Bhalchandra T1 - Study on potential of energy optimization in German dairy industry N2 - The dairy farms form a vital part of German agriculture and consume significant energy for their operation. Germany is working towards energy transition to transform the existing fossil fuel-nuclear system to a sustainable energy system that relies on renewable sources due to various societal and political demands. As the energy demand is increasing due to the rise in population, there is also a growing push in Germany to adopt energy efficient technologies and measures to reduce energy waste. There is a scope for improving the energy efficiency in dairy farms. Using energy optimization techniques can help reduce the load on energy suppliers as well as increase cost savings for farms. German farmers are adopting newer digital technologies to achieve optimization of energy in their farms. One of the key tools in realizing energy optimization is the Energy Management System (EMS). The use of EMS in the case of dairy farms has been reviewed and presented in this work. The objective of the study is to investigate the potential of energy optimization in dairy farms. Efficiency measures like replacing inefficient farm equipment are necessary to achieve energy efficiency. These measures are discussed in detail and their potential to save energy in dairy farms is presented. A comparison of all these measures is studied and how much energy savings can be obtained is reviewed. The use case scenario of EMS in different applications is presented as an indication of possibilities for energy savings using EMS. Furthermore, how the AI technology in combination with EMS can be used in farms and its benefits in dairy farming is reviewed. The types of farms on which the energy optimization measures can be implemented in an ideal case scenario are reviewed. The result of the study shows that there is vast potential for energy optimization in German dairy farms. Thus, the presented work can be further studied to identify further optimization possibilities with the advancement of AI and newer technologies. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-46977 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Timilsina, Sangam T1 - Feasibility study of biogas production for dairy farmers in Morocco (Fes-Meknes region) N2 - The study investigates the potential for biogas production in Fes-Meknes region of Morocco, a region notable for its significant agricultural sectors. The quantity of manure generated from cattle, sheep, goats and horses is considered to be the organic raw material for biogas production that can be utilized by the farmers as an alternative fuel source for their daily energy needs. Both small-scale household biogas systems and large-scale community biogas plants are evaluated, considering the local conditions of the region, availability of resources, and socio-economic factors. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-50727 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Vyavahare, Priyanka Balasaheb T1 - Evaluation of the techno-economic feasibility of potential electrification options for Tsumkwe and Gam, Namibia N2 - Despite having multiple renewable energy sources, Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in rural areas, has the largest population without electricity. In SSA, rural electrification is challenging because of economic, infrastructural and geographical reasons. Namibia’s sustainable energy policy complies with global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 7, which aims to provide access to affordable and reliable modern energy for all. This policy seeks to facilitate mini-grid deployment and decentralized power systems as practical solutions for electrifying rural communities. Even though there has been an increase in the number of connections made through mini-grids that have contributed to rural electrification in recent years, these interventions often become unsustainable with time. This thesis will explore two existing mini-grids at Tsumkwe and Gam as case studies on the current situations of these renewable energy sources. Based on this evaluation, it aims at recommending the most techno-economically viable solutions for these two rural communities. The main source of electricity for rural areas in Namibia is mainly mini-grids, decentralized energy solutions, and main grid extensions. This thesis examines whether or not these three methods are feasible ways of bringing electricity to the remote communities located in Tsumkwe and Gam. A methodology that involves HOMER Pro software for capacity expansion of mini-grids, PVsyst software for sizing decentralized PV systems, and MS Excel for main-grid extension is employed here. MS Excel was used to evaluate energy profiles and the economic feasibility of various options that are being considered for Gam and Tsumkwe. Therefore, the results aim to compare the electricity supply, total net present cost, and levelized cost of electricity while approaching the viability of such systems. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-50744 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Gören, Tugrahan T1 - Concepts for battery enclosure N2 - As electric vehicles gain market share, concerns about the safety of battery electric vehicles have risen, particularly regarding battery fires reported in the media. While chemical and electrical aspects of battery safety have been extensively studied, there is a notable gap in the mechanical safety evaluation of BEV battery packs. This study addresses this gap by focusing on the design and safety evaluation of battery pack enclosures from a mechanical perspective. Employing a step by step approach in design, followed by the evaluation of the battery pack enclosure according to regulation and standards to analyze the design. These results have showed that the design considerations have been accurately made. This study presents a guide for future researches and improvements in the field of mechanical safety of battery pack enclosures. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of designing battery pack enclosures and provides a framework for implementing analyses to evaluate the design. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-50899 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Valderrama Zorro, Laura Natalia T1 - Analyzing and simulating the integration of waste heat from high-power charging infrastructure (HPCI) as a heat source in fifth generation heating and cooling networks (5GDHC) Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-50735 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Franke, Florian A1 - Schwab, Michael A1 - Engleder, Alexander A1 - Burger, Uli T1 - Impact scenarios for collisions with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and their consequences to rotorcraft T2 - 44th European Rotorcraft Forum 2018 (ERF), Delft, The Netherlands, 18 - 21 September 2018, Volume 1 of 2 Y1 - 2018 UR - http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11881/3941 SN - 978-1-5108-7964-5 PB - Netherlands Association of Aeronautical Engineers CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krämer, Wolfgang ED - Der Präsident der Technischen Hochschule Ingolstadt, T1 - LabVIEW-Simulationsprogramme und Fallstudien zur modellprädiktiven Regelung N2 - Es werden LabVIEW-Simulationsprogramme für das regelungstechnische Praktikum beschrieben, die intensiven Gebrauch von MATLAB-Skript-Nodes machen. Ein verfahrenstechnischer Prozess und ein Antriebssystem werden modellprädiktiv geregelt. Die Auswirkungen von Begrenzungen, die Teil der Regelungsaufgabe sind, werden untersucht. T3 - Arbeitsberichte - Working Papers - 32 KW - LabVIEW KW - Simulation Y1 - 2014 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-5936 SN - 1612-6483 PB - Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hauber, Johann A1 - Huber, Karl ED - Der Präsident der Technischen Hochschule Ingolstadt, T1 - Einsatz mobiler Messtechnik zur Bestimmung der Effizienz des Antriebsstrangs von Hybridfahrzeugen im Fahrversuch und am Rollenprüfstand N2 - Zur Sicherstellung der Vergleichbarkeit des Emissions- und Verbrauchsverhaltens von Kraftfahrzeugen ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, dass die Randbedingungen während des Tests in engen Grenzen einheitlichen Vorgaben folgen. Der Gesetzgeber sieht hierfür genormte Geschwindigkeits-Zeit-Profile vor, die auf klimatisierten Rollenprüfständen nachgefahren werden. Indem die „Straße ins Labor“ verlagert wird, gelingt es weitgehend, Fahrer- und Umwelteinflüsse zu eliminieren. Um hybridspezifische Einzelmaßnahmen zur Steigerung der Effizienz von teilelektrifizierten Pkw-Antriebssträngen gezielt bewerten zu können, werden über den mittleren Kraftstoffverbrauch hinaus die Momentanwerte für die einzelnen Leistungspfade benötigt. Am Beispiel der Verbrauchsmessung an einer Vollhybridlimousine mit E-CVT-Getriebe sollen verschiedene Betriebszustände anhand der Resultate aus dem Einsatz mobiler Verbrauchsmesstechniken diskutiert werden. T3 - Arbeitsberichte - Working Papers - 38 KW - Triebstrang KW - Hybridfahrzeug KW - Rollenprüfstand KW - Ausrollkurve KW - E-CVT KW - Fahrversuch KW - Fahrwiderstände KW - Hybridfahrzeug KW - Kraftstoffverbrauch KW - Leistungsverzweigung (Power-Split) KW - mobile Messtechnik KW - NEFZ KW - Normzyklus KW - Rollenprüfstand Y1 - 2016 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-6643 SN - 1612-6483 PB - Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Jadhav, Shubham Sanjiv T1 - Comparative life cycle assessment of 5th and 4th generation district heating systems with different heat sources in Germany N2 - This master thesis compares the environmental impacts of 4th-generation district heating (4GDH) and 5th-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) systems using different heat sources in Germany. The primary objective is to evaluate and compare the environmental performance of a geothermal-based 5GDHC system with a gas-combined heat and power (CHP) based 4GDH system. The study follows DIN ISO 14040/14044 standards and employs the SimaPro software with the ecoinvent 3.10 database to perform the LCA. The analysis considers two scenarios: one using the German electricity grid and the other using photovoltaic (PV) panels as the electricity source. Key impact categories assessed include climate change, acidification, freshwater and marine eutrophication, human toxicity and resource depletion. Results indicate that the 5GDHC system, despite its advanced technology, has higher overall environmental impacts compared to the 4GDH system in most categories, primarily due to the intensive resource use and higher greenhouse gas emissions during the drilling process and operational phases. However, 5GDHC shows lower impacts on human toxicity (cancer-related) and land use efficiency, highlighting areas where it performs better than 4GDH. This comparative study underscores the need for further optimization and integration of renewable energy sources in 5GDHC systems to enhance their sustainability and reduce their environmental impacts. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in the energy sector aiming to achieve carbon neutrality and improve the environmental performance of district heating systems. Keywords: Comparative life cycle assessment (LCA); Life cycle inventory (LCI); District heating system (DHS); 5th generation district heating and cooling system (5GDHC); 4th generation district heating system (4GDH); Geothermal energy; Combined heat and power (CHP); SimaPro; Ecoinvent KW - Studiengang Renewable Energy Systems Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-49044 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krämer, Wolfgang ED - Der Präsident der Technischen Hochschule Ingolstadt, T1 - Modellprädiktive Regelung einer Drohne T1 - [Model Predictive Control of a drone] N2 - Bericht über die Ergebnisse eines Forschungsfreisemesters T3 - Arbeitsberichte - Working Papers - 56 KW - Drohne (Flugkörper) Y1 - 2020 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11374 SN - 1612-6483 PB - Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Reum, Tobias A1 - Natale, Christian A1 - Schmitt, David A1 - Dongellini, Matteo A1 - Naldi, Claudia A1 - Summ, Thorsten A1 - Morini, Gian Luca A1 - Schrag, Tobias ED - Zilio, Claudio ED - Busato, Filippo ED - Mazzarella, Livio ED - Noro, Marco T1 - Control Strategies for Active Regeneration in a Dual-Source Heat Pump T2 - Proceedings of the 15th REHVA HVAC World Congress - CLIMA 2025: Volume 1 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06806-4_55 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06806-4_55 SN - 978-3-032-06806-4 SP - 564 EP - 574 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmitt, David A1 - Reum, Tobias A1 - Summ, Thorsten A1 - Schrag, Tobias ED - Zilio, Claudio ED - Busato, Filippo ED - Mazzarella, Livio ED - Noro, Marco T1 - Comparison of Heat Pump Modelling Approaches for Predictive Controllers to Optimize the Efficiency of Modulating Air-Source Heat Pumps: A Case Study from South Germany T2 - Proceedings of the 15th REHVA HVAC World Congress - CLIMA 2025: Volume 1 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06806-4_59 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06806-4_59 SN - 978-3-032-06806-4 SP - 611 EP - 620 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rouegui, Meryem A1 - Bellabair, Hind A1 - El Asli, Abdelghani A1 - Amar, Amine A1 - Zörner, Wilfried A1 - Rachidi, Fouad A1 - Lghoul, Rachid T1 - Bio-Methanization of Sheep Manure and Beet Waste in the Meknes–Fès Region, Morocco: Effects of Pretreatment and Machine Learning Applications for Biochemical Methane Potential Prediction JF - Recycling N2 - Sheep manure and beet waste (the uneatable leaf part of the beet) are promising feedstock for biogas production due to their abundance and organic richness. However, their high lignocellulosic content reduces anaerobic digestibility and controls methane yield. This study investigates the effect of various pretreatment strategies, namely physical, thermal, and combined physical–thermal methods, on the Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) of sheep manure and beet waste. Batch anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted under mesophilic conditions, with BMP values recorded for each treatment. The highest BMP for sheep manure, 125 Nml CH4/g VS, was achieved using combined physical and thermal pretreatment. This approach enhanced methane production by 16%, 25%, and 60% compared to physical pretreatment (PP) alone, thermal pretreatment (TP) alone, and no pretreatment, respectively, while the one BMP for beet waste is 80 Nml CH4/g VS and obtained with thermal pretreatment. To predict BMP outcomes, three machine learning approaches are applied, namely Linear Regression (LM), Random Forest Regression (RFR), and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), using digestion time (N days), total solids (Ts), volatile solids (Vs), pretreatment type, and biomass type. The variance analysis confirmed that the interaction between pretreatment and biomass type significantly improved model performance. While diagnostic checks revealed non-linear patterns limiting the linear model, ensemble methods achieved stronger results. The RFR model explained 79.5% of the variance with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of about 15.7, whereas the GBM model achieved the lowest RMSE of 5.05. GBM captures complex non-linear interactions. In addition, variable importance analyses identified digestion time, solid content, and pretreatment as the most influential factors for methane yield, with the combined chemical and physical pretreatment producing the highest biogas outputs. These findings underscore the potential of advanced machine learning models, particularly GBM (Gradient Boosting Machine), for optimizing anaerobic digestion strategies and maximizing biogas recovery from sheep manure and beet waste. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling10060213 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling10060213 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64862 SN - 2313-4321 VL - 10 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mohd, Zubair Akhtar A1 - Kreiner, Christian A1 - Schmid, Maximilian A1 - Zippelius, Andreas A1 - Tetzlaff, Ulrich A1 - Elger, Gordon T1 - Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN) Based Validation Framework for FEA Post Processing to Improve SAC Solder Reliability Analysis T2 - 2024 IEEE 10th Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC), Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC60143.2024.10712023 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC60143.2024.10712023 SN - 979-8-3503-9036-0 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bienert, Jörg A1 - Regnet, Simon T1 - Stability Analysis for an Ultra-Lightweight Glider Airplane with Electric Driven Two-Blade Propeller JF - Vibration N2 - Safety is the most important requirement in flight operations. This also affects the application for an extreme lightweight glider in this paper. Essential properties are the target weight below 120 kgand the electric propulsion. The unsymmetric inertia from the two-blade propeller at the rear in combination with the light and flexible aluminium tube support makes it necessary to investigate the risk of mechanical instability. Starting from the equations of motion, the time-variant system matrices are set up. The simulation of Floquet multiplier and Hill’s hyper-eigenvalue problem provide the necessary information about the system stability. The conclusion is that the potential instability due to structural damping in the observed system can be avoided in the range of operation. The damping, experimentally determined by approximately 2%, is sufficient. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration9010003 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration9010003 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65640 SN - 2571-631X VL - 9 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - THES A1 - Scheuerich, Manuel T1 - Vergleich unterschiedlicher Softwarepakete zur 1D-Thermosimulation von Kühlwasserkreisläufen anhand experimentell bestimmter Druck- und Temperaturprofile N2 - Vergleich unterschiedlicher Softwarepakete zur 1D-Thermosimulation von Kühlwasserkreisläufen anhand experimentell bestimmter Druck- und Temperaturprofile Y1 - 2022 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-35443 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Wunsch, Lukas Joachim T1 - Guide for the enforcement of IT security in automation systems N2 - In this bachelor thesis, a guide is created that helps users to improve the IT security of automation systems according to the standard IEC 62443. Through the targeted use of information about the automation system, the guide provides the user with a list of requirements that must be fulfilled in order to make the automation system secure. The guide deals with zoning, the creation of a risk analysis, the design of a risk matrix, the assignment of security levels and the definition of the risk matrix. From this information, a complete list of zones and their security levels is created, from which the list of requirements is derived, which are necessary to make the automation system secure. The requirements of the standard IEC 62443-3-3 are listed and explained. The guide is applied to an existing automation system, here the use of the guide is shown. Y1 - 2023 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-37334 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Rangette, Ulrich T1 - Optimierung des wasserdurchströmten Kühlers für die Leistungselektronik des Formula-Student-Fahrzeugs von Schanzer Racing Electric e.V. mittels stationärer thermischer Strömungssimulation in OpenFOAM N2 - In dieser Arbeit wird mittels numerischer Strömungssimulation in OpenFOAM der Wasserkühler für die Leistungselektronik des Formula-Student-Fahrzeugs von Schanzer Racing Electric e.V. optimiert. Betrachtete Parameter sind hierbei der im Kühler entstehende Druckverlust, die mittlere Wandtemperatur des Kühlers und der übertragbare Wärmestrom an das Kühlwasser. Die simulative Grundlage hierfür liefert eine vorangeschrittene Projektarbeit, auf die diese Arbeit aufbaut. Zur Bestimmung des Druckverlusts und des übertragbaren Wärmestroms wurden innerhalb des Projekts zwei verschiedene Rechenfälle mit verschiedenen Solvern aufgesetzt. Grund hierfür war die fehlende Generierung von Wandschichtzellen innerhalb des Wärmerechenfalls, wodurch das Druckverlustergebnis in diesem nicht den Genauigkeitsanforderungen entspricht. Durch Implementierung eines Vernetzungsablaufes, der mehrere Schritte beinhaltet, kann auch für den Wärmerechenfall die Generierung vonWandschichtzellen sichergestellt werden. Für die Kühlergeometrie der Projektarbeit wurde eine Netzfeinheitsstudie durchgeführt, die durch mehrere Simulationsreihen verschiedene Parameter der Wandschichtgenerierung und deren Einfluss untersuchte. Ein konvergentes Ergebnis für die mittlere Wandtemperatur des Kühlers konnte hier nicht festgestellt werden. Aus diesem Grund wurde für die Ausgangskühlerkonstruktion mit Tropfenrippen ebenfalls eine Netzfeinheitsstudie durchgeführt, mit der ein netzunabhängiges Ergebnis ermittelt wurde. Dies ermöglicht für den Kühler mit Tropfenrippen eine erste Parameterstudie, in der verschiedene Geometrievariation per Simulation getestet wurden. Es stellt sich heraus, dass, mit Berücksichtigung des Druckverlusts, die Vergrößerung der Tropfen eine Verbesserung des Wärmestroms um 20% liefert. Y1 - 2023 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-36555 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehta, Kedar A1 - Jain, Rushabh Bansilal A1 - Zörner, Wilfried T1 - Agrivoltaics Around the World: Potential, Technology, Crops and Policies to Address the Energy–Agriculture Nexus for Sustainable and Climate-Resilient Land Use JF - Energies N2 - The urgent pursuit of climate-resilient agriculture and clean energy systems, central to the Energy–Agriculture Nexus and the UN Sustainable Development Goals, has accelerated global interest in agrivoltaic (Agri-PV) technologies. This paper presents a global systematic review and meta-analysis of 160 peer-reviewed studies, structured through a five-stage thematic synthesis: (1) mapping global and regional Agri-PV deployment and potential, (2) analyzing system design and modeling methodologies, (3) evaluating crop suitability under partial shading, (4) reviewing enabling policies and regulatory frameworks, and (5) assessing techno-economic feasibility and investment barriers. Results reveal that Europe and Asia lead Agri-PV development, driven by incentive-based policies and national tenders, while limited regulatory clarity and high capital costs constrain wider adoption. Despite technological progress, no integrated model fully captures the coupled energy, water, and crop dynamics essential for holistic assessment. Strengthening economic valuation, policy coherence, and standardized modeling approaches will be critical to scale Agri-PV systems as a cornerstone of sustainable and climate-resilient land use. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en18246417 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en18246417 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65288 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 18 IS - 24 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehta, Kedar A1 - Lwakatare, Bertha A1 - Zörner, Wilfried A1 - Ehrenwirth, Mathias T1 - Mini-grid performance in Sub-Saharan Africa: case studies from Tsumkwe and Gam, Namibia JF - Sustainable Energy Research N2 - This paper investigates the performance analysis and operational challenges of mini-grids in Sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the Tsumkwe and Gam mini-grids, the only officially recognized mini-grids in Namibia. The study addresses a critical gap in understanding mini-grid efficiency, technical difficulties, and future potential. The key research questions focus on assessing mini-grid performance, identifying technical and operational challenges, quantifying the relationship between electricity demand and supply, and providing recommendations for enhancing rural electrification through mini-grids. These insights are crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of mini-grids in the African context and understanding their role in advancing rural electrification. By using a mixed-method approach, the research combines quantitative and qualitative data to offer a comprehensive analysis of these two mini-grid systems of Namibia. The data collected from 2017 to 2022 include metrics on energy supply, consumption, photovoltaic generation, community load, and meteorological conditions. Qualitative insights were gathered through field visits, surveys, and interviews with mini-grid operators, allowing for a thorough examination of community perspectives, operational issues, and technical performance. The findings reveal that the Tsumkwe mini-grid has seen a decline in efficiency due to maintenance problems and battery overheating, while the Gam mini-grid, initially oversized, now struggles with increased demand and new connections. This study provides the first detailed technical insights, identifies consumer archetypes, and evaluates the energy dynamics of mini-grids in Namibia. Recommendations include improved maintenance protocols, advanced battery management, and enhanced data monitoring. By analyzing Tsumkwe and Gam, this paper offers valuable lessons for mini-grid development in Sub-Saharan Africa, stressing the need for continuous evaluation and strategic improvements to achieve sustainable rural electrification. UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40807-025-00174-y Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40807-025-00174-y UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65316 SN - 2731-9237 VL - 12 IS - 1 PB - SpringerOpen CY - Singapore ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Meintrup, David T1 - Angewandte Statistik BT - eine Einführung mit JMP Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-1-981669-89-9 PB - CreateSpace Open Publishing Platform CY - o.O. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Drechsel, Michael A1 - Bornschlegl, Martin A1 - Spreng, Simon A1 - Bregulla, Markus A1 - Franke, Jorg T1 - A New Approach to Integrate Value Stream Analysis into a Continuous Energy Efficiency Improvement Process T2 - Proceedings: IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2013.6700382 Y1 - 2014 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2013.6700382 SN - 978-1-4799-0224-8 SP - 7502 EP - 7507 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - THES A1 - Nißl, Niklas Richard T1 - Konzeptionelle Systemauslegung zur Energiespeicherung und Rückgewinnung mittels hydropneumatischen Speichers und Pelton-Turbine für ein Einfamilienhaus mit der energetischen Bewertung einer Dunkelflaute und Vergleich einer elektrischen Konzeptlösung Y1 - 2022 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-34511 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Krammer, Maximilian T1 - Verbesserte Messgenauigkeit der 6-Komponentenwindkanalwaage der TH Ingolstadt durch einen veränderten Kalibrierprozess in Bezug auf mechanisch verursachte Messfehler inklusive experimenteller Validierung Y1 - 2022 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-35037 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Schulze, Maximilian Peter T1 - Optimierung des Kühlkonzepts einer Modellgasturbine mit Berücksichtigung des geänderten Sicherheitskonzepts und der erweiterten Diagnostik in die vorhandene Prüfstandsteuerung Y1 - 2021 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-32835 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Fenk, Alexander Ludwig T1 - Konzeption, Konstruktion und additive Fertigung eines Versuchsträgers zur näherungsweisen Abbildung der wasserführenden Leitbündel in Bäumen N2 - Obwohl die Frage nach den Mechanismen hinter dem Wassertransport in Bäumen historischen Charakter hat, ist sie nicht bis ins letzte Detail geklärt. Die aktuell gängige Theorie, die Kohäsionstheorie, lässt zentrale Aspekte unbeantwortet. Der Wichtigste ist, dass ihr zufolge das Wasser in den Leitbündeln unter einer Zugspannung von bis zu 3 MPa steht (Schopfer & Brennicke, 2010, S. 320). Diese Werte werden bisher in Laborversuchen nicht erreicht (Tötzke, 2009, S. 126). Um alternative und ergänzende Ansätze zu untersuchen braucht es einen Versuchsträger der die wasserführenden Leitbündel der Bäume, deren Anatomie und die Physiologie des Wassertransports abbildet. Bisherige Überlegungen legen den Fokus meist auf die exakte Darstellung der nanoporösen Blattstruktur (Lee et al., 2017; Tötzke, 2009). Das Xlyem wird dabei sehr stark abstrahiert und z. B. nur mit einer einzigen bzw. einigen wenigen Kapillaren dargestellt (Shi et al., 2020). Potentiell wichtige Merkmale des Wassertransports gehen dabei verloren. In dieser Arbeit wurde ein additiv gefertigter Versuchsträger mit Schwerpunkt auf die Abbildung des Xylems entwickelt, um initiale Versuche hinsichtlich der hydropneumatischen Transporttheorie zu erlauben. Diese bietet einen alternativen Erklärungsansatz, der mit den grundlegenden Mechanismen der Kohäsionstheorie koexistieren kann, jedoch andere Prozesse für die Steighöhe hauptverantwortlich macht. Es werden sowohl die Kohäsionstheorie, als auch die hydropneumatische Transporttheorie sowie deren zentrale physikalische Phänomene erläutert. Ferner wird die Anatomie des Wasserleitsystems erklärt und ein Überblick über bisherige Versuchsträger zum Wassertransport gegeben. Auf Basis dieser Erkenntnisse werden zentrale Aspekte und Anforderungen für das zu entwerfende Modell herausgearbeitet. Eine methodische Konstruktion mit Funktionsstruktur, morphologischem Kasten und Konzeptauswahl führt zu einem Gesamtkonzept, das anschließend auskonstruiert wird. Die Fertigung wird beschrieben und vorbereitet. Die endgültige Konstruktion besteht aus einem einfachen, abgedichteten Reservoir, einer zentralen Gefäßmatrix und Transpirationskörpern aus poröser Keramik. Die Gefäßmatrix wird durch Aneinanderreihung einzelner Zellen mit 2 cm Länge und 0,5 mm Durchmesser gebildet. Die Fertigung ist mit einem Stereolithographiedrucker und dem Material Clear V4 Resin von Formlabs geplant. Zudem werden Experimente zur Ermittlung des Kontaktwinkels von Wasser mit dem verwendeten Werkstoff vorgestellt. Auch sind Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Surfactants auf kapillare Steighöhen und Kontaktwinkel dokumentiert. Y1 - 2022 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-34480 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Müller, Paul T1 - Assessing mesh generation techniques for the aerodynamic CFD analysis of a formula student car using OpenFOAM N2 - As aerodynamic devices play an important role in the Formula Student, the accurate prediction of aerodynamic values gives an advantage in the development and setup of the car. Therefore the Schanzer Racing Electric e.V. is driven to increase the accuracy of their Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation. As a result, this thesis takes a look at possibilities to improve the discretization of the fluid domain. Since the current Computational Fluid Dynamics software in use is OpenFOAM, different suitable meshing solutions are analyzed and evaluated. A high emphasis is laid on the insertion of high-quality prism layers, as the current mesh used by the Schanzer Racing Electric e.V. team is a purely unstructured mesh. The three utilities that are compared are the two open-source and free meshers snappyHexMesh and cfMesh as well as the commercial mesher HyperMesh CFD. The utilities are analyzed and categorized in their overall workflow, mesh quality and stability. When taking a look at the two free open-source mesher, both of them fail to achieve the desired properties of the prism layers. They are only capable of achieving a limited thickness of prism layers which are dependent on the surrounding volume cells. In comparison to that the commercial mesher HyperMesh CFD is capable of generating prism layers to the desired properties and quality. Overall the mesh generated by the HyperMesh CFD utility is visually satisfying. After the generation of the meshes, they are imported into the OpenFOAM environment and the fluid solver is started. Only one mesh could be found to run stable and converge. This mesh was an unstructured mesh generated with the snappyHexMesh utility which is similar to the mesh that is already in use by the Schanzer Racing Electric e.V.. As a result, no suitable solution could be found that works in the OpenFOAM environment. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-51103 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Meier, M. R. A1 - Kröll, S. A1 - Költzsch, Konrad A1 - Schweigart, H. T1 - Strömungssimulation von Reinigungsmedien in dünnen Spalten unter Bauteilen T2 - Elektronische Baugruppen und Leiterplatten EBL 2018: Multifunktionale Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik - Beherrschung der Vielfalt Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.dvs-media.eu/de/buecher/dvs-berichte/3644/elektronische-baugruppen-und-leiterplatten-ebl-2018 SN - 978-3-96144-026-9 SP - 159 EP - 166 PB - DVS Media CY - Düsseldorf ER -