TY - JOUR A1 - de Borba, Thiago A1 - Vaculin, Ondrej A1 - Marzbani, Hormoz A1 - Jazar, Reza T1 - Increasing Safety of Automated Driving by Infrastructure-Based Sensors JF - IEEE Access N2 - This paper describes the development of an intelligent infrastructure, a test field, for the safety assurance of automated vehicles within the research project Ingolstadt Innovation Laboratory (IN2Lab). It includes a description of the test field architecture, the RoadSide Units (RSU) concept based on infrastructure-based sensors, the environment perception system, and the mission control system. The study also proposes a global object fusion method to fuse objects detected by different RSUs and investigate the overall measurement accuracy obtained from the usage of different infrastructure-based sensors. Furthermore, it presents four use cases: traffic monitoring, assisted perception, collaborative perception, and extended perception. The traffic monitoring, based on the perception information provided by each roadside unit, generates a global fused object list and monitors the state of the traffic participants. The assisted perception, using vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, broadcasts the state information of the traffic participants to the connected vehicles. The collaborative perception creates a global fused object list with the local detections of connected vehicles and the detections provided by the roadside units, making it available for all connected vehicles. Lastly, the extended environment perception monitors specific locations, recognizes critical scenarios involving vulnerable road users and automated vehicles, and generates a suitable avoidance maneuver to avoid or mitigate the occurrence of collisions. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3311136 KW - Automated vehicles KW - infrastructure-based sensors KW - safety KW - test field Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3311136 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-39623 SN - 2169-3536 VL - 11 SP - 94974 EP - 94991 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER -