TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Melanie A1 - Ehrenwirth, Mathias A1 - Muschik, Sebastian A1 - Trinkl, Christoph A1 - Schrag, Tobias T1 - Operational experiences with a temperature-variable district heating network for a rural community JF - Chemical Engineering & Technology N2 - The potential of utilizing temperature-variable district heating systems in rural areas was investigated. A local district heating system in Germany and the related project NATAR are briefly described; measurement data is evaluated. Operational experiences with a seasonal temperature reduction and consequent advantages for different heat generation systems and heat storages are discussed. The analysis of measurement data reveals a high optimization potential for solar thermal systems in case of an integration both into a low- and a high-temperature storage. Furthermore, a combined heat-and-power plant in combination with a CO2 heat pump promises sector-coupling potential and high electricity self-consumption. UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.202100114 KW - district heating network KW - low temperature KW - sector coupling Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.202100114 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-20824 SN - 0930-7516 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 482 EP - 490 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Melanie A1 - Muschik, Sebastian A1 - Ehrenwirth, Mathias A1 - Trinkl, Christoph A1 - Schrag, Tobias T1 - Sector Coupling Potential of A District Heating Network by Consideration of Residual Load and CO2 Emissions JF - Energies N2 - The growing share of fluctuating renewable electricity production within the German energy system causes the increasing necessity for flexible consumers, producers, and storage technologies to balance supply and demand. District heating networks with combined heat and power units, Power-to-Heat applications, and thermal energy storage capacities can serve as one of these flexible options. In this context, a simulation model of the district heating network of the rural community Dollnstein, Germany, was built. With the residual load of different regional areas (Germany, Bavaria, Eichstätt, Dollnstein) it is investigated, how the heat generators can operate in an electricity market beneficial way. Two different control algorithms were evaluated: Due to a correlation between the residual loads and the CO2 emissions of the electricity mix, the CO2 savings achieved by this control algorithm are determined. Another way to operate electricity market beneficial is to consider the current CO2 emissions of each region. The main outcomes of this paper are, that there is a high potential for sector coupling by shifting the operation times of a CHP and a heat pump according to the residual load. The electricity demand of the heat pump can be met in terms of low CO2 emissions of the electricity mix, while the CHP can replace electricity with high CO2 emissions. These results can be improved, by considering not the residual load but the current CO2 emissions in the control algorithm. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en15176281 KW - district heating networks KW - sector coupling KW - residual load KW - CO2 emissions Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en15176281 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-27820 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 15 IS - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER -