TY - JOUR A1 - Schartmüller, Clemens A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Löcken, Andreas A1 - Wintersberger, Philipp A1 - Steinhauser, Marco A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Displays for Productive Non-Driving Related Tasks: Visual Behavior and Its Impact in Conditionally Automated Driving JF - Multimodal Technologies and Interaction N2 - (1) Background: Primary driving tasks are increasingly being handled by vehicle automation so that support for non-driving related tasks (NDRTs) is becoming more and more important. In SAE L3 automation, vehicles can require the driver-passenger to take over driving controls, though. Interfaces for NDRTs must therefore guarantee safe operation and should also support productive work. (2) Method: We conducted a within-subjects driving simulator study (N=53) comparing Heads-Up Displays (HUDs) and Auditory Speech Displays (ASDs) for productive NDRT engagement. In this article, we assess the NDRT displays’ effectiveness by evaluating eye-tracking measures and setting them into relation to workload measures, self-ratings, and NDRT/take-over performance. (3) Results: Our data highlights substantially higher gaze dispersion but more extensive glances on the road center in the auditory condition than the HUD condition during automated driving. We further observed potentially safety-critical glance deviations from the road during take-overs after a HUD was used. These differences are reflected in self-ratings, workload indicators and take-over reaction times, but not in driving performance. (4) Conclusion: NDRT interfaces can influence visual attention even beyond their usage during automated driving. In particular, the HUD has resulted in safety-critical glances during manual driving after take-overs. We found this impacted workload and productivity but not driving performance UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5040021 KW - automated driving KW - take-over requests KW - conditional automation KW - non-driving related tasks KW - eye-tracking KW - performance KW - behavior KW - displays KW - productivity KW - visual attention Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5040021 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10965 SN - 2414-4088 VL - 5 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Ponocny, Ivo T1 - Group sequential designs applied in psychological research JF - Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for the Behavioral and Social Sciences N2 - Psychological research is confronted with ever-increasing demands to save resources such as time and money while assuring high ethical standards. In medical and pharmaceutical research, group sequential designs have fundamentally changed traditional statistical testing approaches featuring only one analysis at the end of a single-stage study. They enable early stopping at an interim stage, after a group of observations, for efficacy or futility in case of an overwhelmingly large or small effect, respectively. Otherwise, the trial is continued to the next stage. On average over many studies time and money are saved and more ethical trials are facilitated by diminishing the risk of patients' exposure to inferior treatments. We provide an easy-to-use tutorial for psychological research replete with easily understandable figures highlighting the core idea of different group sequential designs, a workflow chart, an empirical real-world data set, and the annotated R code. Finally, we demonstrate the application of early stopping for efficacy. UR - https://doi.org/10.5964/meth.2811 KW - group sequential designs KW - interim analyses KW - workflow chart KW - R Code KW - tutorial Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.5964/meth.2811 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-13190 SN - 1614-2241 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 75 EP - 91 PB - PsychOpen CY - Trier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Himmels, Chantal A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Venrooij, Joost T1 - Establishing driving simulator validity: drawbacks of null-hypothesis significance testing when compared to equivalence tests and Bayes factors JF - Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2023.2286478 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2023.2286478 SN - 1464-536X VL - 25 IS - 5 SP - 546 EP - 566 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kundinger, Thomas A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Sofra, Nikoletta A1 - Weigl, Klemens T1 - Drowsiness Detection and Warning in Manual and Automated Driving: Results from Subjective Evaluation T2 - Proceedings: 10th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3239060.3239073 KW - Automated Driving KW - driver drowsiness detection KW - driver state KW - simulator study KW - Subjective methods Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3239060.3239073 SN - 978-1-4503-5946-7 SP - 229 EP - 236 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kundinger, Thomas A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Sofra, Nikoletta A1 - Weigl, Klemens T1 - Driver drowsiness in automated and manual driving: insights from a test track study T2 - IUI 2020: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3377325.3377506 KW - automated driving KW - driver drowsiness detection KW - driver state KW - field study KW - subjective methods KW - wearables Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3377325.3377506 SN - 978-1-4503-7118-6 SP - 369 EP - 379 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schlackl, Dominik A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Riener, Andreas ED - Alt, Florian ED - Schneegass, Stefan ED - Hornecker, Eva T1 - eHMI visualization on the entire car body: results of a comparative evaluation of concepts for the communication between AVs and manual drivers T2 - Tagungsband: Mensch & Computer 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3404983.3410011 KW - Automotive user interfaces KW - Visual eHMIs KW - AV-driver communication KW - User experience (UX) Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3404983.3410011 SN - 978-1-4503-7540-5 SP - 79 EP - 83 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wischert-Zielke, Moritz A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Steinhauser, Marco A1 - Riener, Andreas ED - Alt, Florian ED - Schneegass, Stefan ED - Hornecker, Eva T1 - Age differences in the anticipated acceptance of egoistic versus altruistic crash-control-algorithms in automated vehicles T2 - Tagungsband: Mensch & Computer 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3404983.3409992 KW - automated driving KW - crash-control-algorithms KW - trolley dilemma KW - selfsacrifice KW - altruism Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3404983.3409992 SN - 978-1-4503-7540-5 SP - 467 EP - 471 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens ED - Cauchard, Jessica ED - Löchtefeld, Markus T1 - StickyWSD: investigating content positioning on a windshield display for automated driving T2 - MUM 2020: 19th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia: Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3428405 KW - virtual reality KW - augmented reality KW - automated driving KW - windshield display KW - user study KW - focus distance Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3428405 SN - 978-1-4503-8870-2 SP - 143 EP - 151 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Eisele, Daniel A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Estimated years until the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles and the willingness to pay for them in Germany: Focus on age and gender JF - International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology N2 - Automated vehicles (AVs) are expected to enter the market within the next few years. However, their introduction would not only be a technological, but also a societal one – and it is therefore crucial to examine the public’s attitudes, opinions, and beliefs about AVs. It is particularly interesting to study when AVs are estimated to be accepted and adopted, and to query the willingness to pay for them. Hence, we applied a mixed-methods approach to collect quantitative and qualitative data and carried out a cross-sectional survey study. We focused on collecting an almost balanced sample across age and gender from 725 respondents (351 female, 374 male) with an age range from 18 to 96 years. Our results revealed that AVs are estimated to be accepted and adopted in about 10 years at SAE level L3 and in about 20 years at L5. Moreover, on average we found that the participants would be willing to pay 10.6 % more for an AV at L3 and 14.5 % at L5, but those estimates are affected by large outlier values. Nevertheless, we also observed that between 40 and 33 % of women and 41 and 33 % of men would not be willing to pay any more for an AV neither at L3 nor at L5, respectively. Ultimately, manufacturers and policymakers will have to take these findings into account if they really want to establish AVs as a widespread technological and societal revolution. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2022.03.006 KW - Automated vehicles KW - Survey study KW - Mixed-methods approach KW - Estimated acceptance KW - Willingness to pay KW - Internal design Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2022.03.006 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-29023 SN - 2046-0430 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 216 EP - 228 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Nees, Michael A. A1 - Eisele, Daniel A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Acceptance of automated vehicles: Gender effects, but lack of meaningful association with desire for control in Germany and in the U.S. JF - Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives N2 - Although automated vehicles (AVs) come with many promises such as enabling the driver-passenger to perform non-driving-related-tasks or increased safety, the public’s acceptance of AVs will have a crucial impact on whether or not AVs will be ultimately adopted. In particular, the personality trait desire for control may influence the acceptance of AVs, which has received scant research attention to date. Therefore, we independently carried out two questionnaire studies: Study 1 in Germany and Study 2 in the U.S. In both studies, we applied the self-driving car acceptance scale (SCAS) and the desirability of control scale (DoCS). In Study 1, we queried 114 participants (60 female) and in Study 2 we sampled data from 601 participants (322 female). In both studies, our findings consistently indicate that the overall DoCS factor was not associated with the overall SCAS factor. We only uncovered a weak positive correlation in Study 1, but only for a reduced overall acceptance factor with 10 items obtained by factor analyses instead of the 24 items of the SCAS. Furthermore, our results revealed that women assign significantly lower ratings to the overall acceptance factor of AVs as well as to the desirability for control factor than men, both in Germany and in the U.S., respectively. Despite the influence of gender on acceptance of AVs and DoCS, we conclude that there might be either no or only a weak association between desire for control and acceptance of AVs, which needs to be further investigated in future studies. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2022.100563 KW - Automated vehicles KW - Technology acceptance KW - Desire for control KW - Gender KW - Cross-cultural study Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2022.100563 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-29092 SN - 2590-1982 VL - 2022 IS - 13 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schartmüller, Clemens A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Wintersberger, Philipp A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Steinhauser, Marco T1 - Text comprehension: heads-up vs. auditory displays: implications for a productive work environment in SAE level 3 automated vehicles T2 - Proceedings: 11th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3342197.3344547 KW - automated driving KW - take-over requests KW - multitasking KW - productivity KW - mobile office KW - displays KW - attention-awareness Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3342197.3344547 SN - 978-1-4503-6884-1 SP - 342 EP - 354 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Schartmüller, Clemens A1 - Wintersberger, Philipp A1 - Steinhauser, Marco A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - The influence of experienced severe road traffic accidents on take-over reactions and non-driving-related tasks in an automated driving simulator study JF - Accident Analysis & Prevention UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106408 KW - Severe RTA experiences KW - Automated driving SAE Level 3 KW - TOR KW - Non-driving-related tasks KW - PTSD KW - Depression and psychological resilience Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106408 SN - 0001-4575 VL - 2021 IS - 162 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Forstner, Thomas T1 - Design of paper-based visual analogue scale items JF - Educational and Psychological Measurement UR - https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0013164420952118 KW - visual analogue scale items KW - VAS KW - paper-based KW - item design KW - gender Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0013164420952118 SN - 1552-3888 SN - 0013-1644 VL - 81 IS - 3 SP - 595 EP - 611 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wintersberger, Philipp A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Schartmüller, Clemens A1 - Frison, Anna-Katharina A1 - Weigl, Klemens T1 - Let Me Finish before I Take Over: Towards Attention Aware Device Integration in Highly Automated Vehicles T2 - Proceedings: 10th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3239060.3239085 KW - automated driving KW - take-over request KW - attentive user interfaces KW - non-driving related tasks KW - device integration KW - pervasive computing KW - SAE J3016 KW - SAE J3114 Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3239060.3239085 SN - 978-1-4503-5946-7 SP - 53 EP - 65 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Steinhauser, Marco A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Gender and age differences in the anticipated acceptance of automated vehicles: insights from a questionnaire study and potential for application JF - Gender, Technology and Development UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2022.2137893 KW - automated vehicles KW - technology acceptance KW - gender differences KW - age KW - public opinion KW - mobility of the future Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2022.2137893 SN - 0973-0656 SN - 0971-8524 VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 88 EP - 108 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Schartmüller, Clemens A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Development of the Questionnaire on Non-Driving Related Tasks (QNDRT) in automated driving: revealing age and gender differences JF - Behaviour & Information Technology UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2073473 KW - questionnaire development KW - automated driving KW - non-driving related tasks KW - age KW - gender Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2073473 SN - 1362-3001 SN - 0144-929X VL - 42 IS - 9 SP - 1374 EP - 1388 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Schuster, Sabrina A1 - Riener, Andreas ED - Pezarat-Correia, Pedro ED - Vilas-Boas, João P. ED - Cabri, Jan T1 - Investigation of UX and Flow Experience in Sports Activities during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Analysis of Cycling Apps T2 - icSPORTS 2021: 9th International Conference on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support: Proceedings N2 - Since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, a dramatic increase in mHealth application (app) downloads has been documented. However, overall dwell retention for fitness apps is low, so gamification techniques are used within apps with the goal of positively influencing the user experience and ultimately the user’s motivation. The so-called flow, which is related to intrinsic motivation, has been little explored in the context of cycling apps. Therefore, we conducted a quasi-experimental cycling study with 34 cyclists (20 female, 14 male; 19 to 57 years old) who tested the adidas Running by Runtastic (Adidas Runtastic), Komoot, and Strava cycling apps during a 20-minute bike ride. After testing each cycling app, they completed the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) and the Flow State Scale-2 Short (FSS-2S). Our results showed no significant differences across the six factors of the UEQ, nor across the total score of the FSS-2S. Thus, we conclude that the three cycling apps Adidas Runta stic, Komoot, and Strava are perceived and rated almost equally by female and male cyclists. UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0010688200003059 KW - Outdoor Cycling KW - Smartphone Apps KW - eSports KW - User Experience (UX) KW - Flow KW - Motivation Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0010688200003059 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-40338 SN - 978-989-758-539-5 SN - 2184-3201 SP - 68 PB - SciTePress CY - Setúbal ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Halling, Frank A1 - Weigl, Klemens T1 - Medical status of elderly patients consulting two oral and maxillofacial surgery departments in Germany JF - British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.04.007 KW - Older patients KW - Polypharmacy KW - Comorbidity-Polypharmacy Score (CPS) KW - Medical status KW - Burden of disease Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.04.007 SN - 0266-4356 VL - 60 IS - 8 SP - 1097 EP - 1101 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Becker, Sinja A1 - Bosch, Karolin A1 - Thai, Nhien A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Impact of Auditory Listening on Emotional States in Self-paced Outdoor Running T2 - Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0009980201890196 KW - Music KW - Audiobook KW - Emotional States KW - Portable Technologies KW - Self-paced Running KW - Outdoor Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0009980201890196 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-20539 SN - 978-989-758-481-7 SN - 2184-2825 SP - 189 EP - 196 PB - SciTePress CY - Setúbal ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Schartmüller, Clemens A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Steinhauser, Marco T1 - Development of the Questionnaire on the Acceptance of Automated Driving (QAAD): Data-driven models for Level 3 and Level 5 automated driving JF - Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2021.09.011 KW - automated driving KW - level 3 KW - level 5 KW - questionnaire development KW - data-driven models KW - sustainability Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2021.09.011 SN - 1369-8478 SN - 1873-5517 VL - 2021 IS - 83 SP - 42 EP - 59 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Frison, Anna-Katharina A1 - Wintersberger, Philipp A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Schartmüller, Clemens A1 - Boyle, Linda Ng A1 - Miller, Erika A1 - Weigl, Klemens T1 - In UX We Trust: Investigation of Aesthetics and Usability of Driver-Vehicle Interfaces and Their Impact on the Perception of Automated Driving T2 - CHI 2019: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300374 KW - automated driving systems KW - user experience KW - UX KW - trust KW - distrust KW - SAE J3016 KW - aesthetic KW - reliability Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300374 SN - 978-1-4503-5970-2 PB - ACM CY - New York ER -