TY - JOUR A1 - Feuerecker, Benedikt A1 - Durst, Markus A1 - Michalik, Michael A1 - Schneider, Günter A1 - Saur, Dieter A1 - Menzel, Marion Irene A1 - Schwaiger, Markus A1 - Schilling, Franz T1 - Hyperpolarized 13C Diffusion MRS of Co-Polarized Pyruvate and Fumarate to Measure Lactate Export and Necrosis JF - Journal of Cancer N2 - Background: Non-invasive tumor characterization and monitoring are among the key goals of medical imaging. Using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled metabolic probes fast metabolic pathways can be probed in real-time, providing new opportunities for tumor characterization. In this in vitro study, we investigated whether measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of co-polarized 13C-labeled pyruvic acid and fumaric acid can non-invasively detect both necrosis and changes in lactate export, which are parameters indicative of tumor aggressiveness. Methods: 13C-labeled pyruvic acid and fumaric acid were co-polarized in a preclinical hyperpolarizer and the dissolved compounds were added to prepared samples of 8932 pancreatic cancer and MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. Extracellular lactate concentrations and cell viability were measured in separate assays. Results: The mean ratios of the ADC values of lactate and pyruvate (ADClac/ADCpyr) between MCF-7 (0.533 ± 0.015, n = 3) and 8932 pancreatic cancer cells (0.744 ± 0.064, n = 3) showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.048). 8932 cells had higher extracellular lactate concentrations in the extracellular medium (22.97 ± 2.53 ng/µl) compared with MCF-7 cells (7.52 ± 0.59 ng/µl; p < 0.001). Fumarate-to-malate conversion was only detectable in necrotic cells, thereby allowing clear differentiation between necrotic and viable cells. Conclusion: We provide evidence that MRS of hyperpolarized 13C-labelled pyruvic acid and fumaric acid, with their respective conversions to lactate and malate, are useful for characterization of necrosis and lactate efflux in tumor cells. UR - https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.20250 Y1 - 2017 UR - https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.20250 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-41636 SN - 1837-9664 VL - 8 IS - 15 SP - 3078 EP - 3085 PB - Ivyspring International Publisher CY - Sydney ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kubala, Eugen A1 - Muñoz-Álvarez, Kim A. A1 - Topping, Geoffrey A1 - Hundshammer, Christian A1 - Feuerecker, Benedikt A1 - Gómez, Pedro A. A1 - Pariani, Giorgio A1 - Schilling, Franz A1 - Glaser, Steffen J. A1 - Schulte, Rolf F. A1 - Menzel, Marion Irene A1 - Schwaiger, Markus T1 - Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging JF - Journal of Visualized Experiments UR - https://doi.org/10.3791/54751 Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.3791/54751 SN - 1940-087X VL - 2016 IS - 118 PB - MyJoVE Corporation CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scholz, David Johannes A1 - Otto, Angela M. A1 - Hintermair, Josef A1 - Schilling, Franz A1 - Frank, Annette A1 - Köllisch, Ulrich A1 - Janich, Martin A. A1 - Schulte, Rolf F. A1 - Schwaiger, Markus A1 - Haase, Axel A1 - Menzel, Marion Irene T1 - Parameterization of hyperpolarized 13C-bicarbonate-dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization JF - Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-015-0500-9 Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-015-0500-9 SN - 1352-8661 VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 591 EP - 598 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER -