TY - CHAP A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Song, Ye Eun A1 - von Sawitzky, Tamara A1 - Riener, Andreas ED - Bruder, Gerd ED - Olivier, Anne-Hélène ED - Cunningham, Andrew ED - Peng, Evan Yifan ED - Grubert, Jens ED - Williams, Ian T1 - Driving Cross-Reality Experiences for Future Mobility T2 - Proceedings: 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR-Adjunct60411.2023.00009 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR-Adjunct60411.2023.00009 SP - 5 EP - 8 PB - IEEE CY - Los Alamitos ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Himmels, Chantal A1 - Parduzi, Arben A1 - Löcken, Andreas A1 - Protschky, Valentin A1 - Venrooij, Joost A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Validating risk behavior in driving simulation using naturalistic driving data JF - Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.09.026 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.09.026 SN - 1369-8478 SN - 1873-5517 VL - 2024 IS - 107 SP - 710 EP - 725 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens T1 - A Systematic Review of Augmented Reality Applications for Automated Driving: 2009–2020 JF - Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments UR - https://doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00343 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00343 SN - 1054-7460 SN - 1531-3263 VL - 28 SP - 87 EP - 126 PB - MIT Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haimerl, Mathias A1 - Colley, Mark A1 - Löcken, Andreas A1 - Riener, Andreas ED - Marky, Karola ED - Grünefeld, Uwe ED - Kosch, Thomas T1 - Accessible Automated AutomotiveWorkshop Series (A3WS): Focus External Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) T2 - Mensch und Computer 2022 - Workshopband UR - https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2022-mci-ws09-116 KW - accessibility KW - learning disorder KW - eHMI KW - automated vehicles KW - vulnerable road users Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2022-mci-ws09-116 PB - Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuß, Martina A1 - Wintersberger, Philipp A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Security Issues in Shared Automated Mobility Systems: A Feminist HCI Perspective JF - Multimodal Technologies and Interaction N2 - The spread of automated vehicles (AVs) is expected to disrupt our mobility behavior. Currently, a male bias is prevalent in the technology industry in general, and in the automotive industry in particular, mainly focusing on white men. This leads to an under-representation of groups of people with other social, physiological, and psychological characteristics. The advent of automated driving (AD) should be taken as an opportunity to mitigate this bias and consider a diverse variety of people within the development process. We conducted a qualitative, exploratory study to investigate how shared automated vehicles (SAVs) should be designed from a pluralistic perspective considering a holistic viewpoint on the whole passenger journey by including booking, pick-up, and drop-off points. Both, men and women, emphasized the importance of SAVs being flexible and clean, whereas security issues were mentioned exclusively by our female participants. While proposing different potential solutions to mitigate security matters, we discuss them through the lens of the feminist HCI framework. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5080043 KW - shared automated vehicles KW - feminist HCI KW - gender-bias KW - automated systems Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5080043 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-9191 SN - 2414-4088 VL - 5 IS - 8 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Schlackl, Dominik A1 - Malsam, Julia A1 - Huber, Josef A1 - Homm, Benjamin A1 - Kaczmar, Marion A1 - Kleitsch, Iris A1 - Megos, Alina A1 - Park, Eunji A1 - Sanverdi, Gülsüm A1 - Schmidt, Sabrina A1 - Bracaci, Daniel A1 - Anees, Esha T1 - Improving the UX for Users of Automated Shuttle Buses in Public Transport: Investigating Aspects of Exterior Communication and Interior Design JF - Multimodal Technologies and Interaction N2 - As a precursor to future public transportation, automated shuttle buses can already be experienced in some test regions, but the general public still has reservations and may not yet be ready for this change. For example, the fact that such vehicles might operate independently (without a human driver) creates a barrier of uncertainty and mistrust among people. In this work, we aim to identify and classify the prevailing reservations and propose solutions. We followed the User Centered Design (UCD) process to design concepts that are specifically tailored to the needs of future public transport users. After related work analysis, on-site research, and pre-studies, two main studies were conducted specifically to address communication in the exterior (n = 24) and interior/service design (n = 21). For both studies, we applied a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative measures. Our results indicate that, in general, existing ways of communication in the exterior are insufficient to meet future needs. The two visualization concepts for external communication developed in this work were rated (significantly) better in most dimensions of the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ), when compared to the baseline condition with no additional visualization. Furthermore, preferences among the study participants towards simple, highly visible, and well-known lighting concepts could be observed. As for the interior, the results show that participants rated attractiveness highly for the two design concepts (closer, further in the future) as compared to current, state-of-the-art solutions (automated buses currently in operation). For the “near future” concept, the pragmatic quality dominated, while in the other (the “far future”) concept the hedonic quality was in the foreground. From the results, design recommendations in different categories were derived, which reflect the general openness of the public towards new technologies and interior approaches, but also point out the importance for privacy and designated personal spaces inside an (automated) shuttle bus. Some of the results do not strictly apply to automated shuttle buses, and can serve as valuable suggestions for improving conventional shuttle buses. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5100061 KW - automated shuttle buses KW - public transport KW - user experience KW - user centered design KW - exterior communication KW - interior design KW - future mobility services Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5100061 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-9220 SN - 2414-4088 VL - 5 IS - 10 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frison, Anna-Katharina A1 - Forster, Yannick A1 - Wintersberger, Philipp A1 - Geisel, Viktoria A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Where We Come from and Where We Are Going: A Systematic Review of Human Factors Research in Driving Automation JF - Applied Sciences N2 - During the last decade, research has brought forth a large amount of studies that investigated driving automation from a human factor perspective. Due to the multitude of possibilities for the study design with regard to the investigated constructs, data collection methods, and evaluated parameters, at present, the pool of findings is heterogeneous and nontransparent. This literature review applied a structured approach, where five reviewers investigated n = 161 scientific papers of relevant journals and conferences focusing on driving automation between 2010 and 2018. The aim was to present an overview of the status quo of existing methodological approaches and investigated constructs to help scientists in conducting research with established methods and advanced study setups. Results show that most studies focused on safety aspects, followed by trust and acceptance, which were mainly collected through self-report measures. Driving/Take-Over performance also marked a significant portion of the published papers; however, a wide range of different parameters were investigated by researchers. Based on our insights, we propose a set of recommendations for future studies. Amongst others, this includes validation of existing results on real roads, studying long-term effects on trust and acceptance (and of course other constructs), or triangulation of self-reported and behavioral data. We furthermore emphasize the need to establish a standardized set of parameters for recurring use cases to increase comparability. To assure a holistic contemplation of automated driving, we moreover encourage researchers to investigate other constructs that go beyond safety. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248914 KW - automated driving KW - literature review KW - human–automation interaction KW - method development Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248914 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-9369 SN - 2076-3417 VL - 10 IS - 24 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kundinger, Thomas A1 - Yalavarthi, Phani Krishna A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Wintersberger, Philipp A1 - Schartmüller, Clemens T1 - Feasibility of smart wearables for driver drowsiness detection and its potential among different age groups JF - International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications UR - https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPCC-03-2019-0017 KW - wearable devices KW - physiological measures KW - driver drowsiness detection KW - advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) KW - simulator study KW - active safety KW - driver monitoring KW - heart rate variability (HRV) KW - machine learning Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPCC-03-2019-0017 SN - 1742-7371 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Emerald CY - Bingley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hasirlioglu, Sinan A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - A General Approach for Simulating Rain Effects on Sensor Data in Real and Virtual Environments JF - IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TIV.2019.2960944 KW - Environmental perception KW - computer vision KW - sensors KW - simulation KW - adverse weather KW - automated vehicles Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TIV.2019.2960944 SN - 2379-8904 VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 426 EP - 438 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Sawitzky, Tamara A1 - Grauschopf, Thomas A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - “Attention! A Door Could Open.”—Introducing Awareness Messages for Cyclists to Safely Evade Potential Hazards JF - Multimodal Technologies and Interaction N2 - Numerous statistics show that cyclists are often involved in road traffic accidents, often with serious outcomes. One potential hazard of cycling, especially in cities, is “dooring”—passing parked vehicles that still have occupants inside. These occupants could open the vehicle door unexpectedly in the cyclist’s path—requiring a quick evasive response by the cyclist to avoid a collision. Dooring can be very poorly anticipated; as a possible solution, we propose in this work a system that notifies the cyclist of opening doors based on a networked intelligent transportation infrastructure. In a user study with a bicycle simulator (N = 24), we examined the effects of three user interface designs compared to a baseline (no notifications) on cycling behavior (speed and lateral position), perceived safety, and ease of use. Awareness messages (either visual message, visual message + auditory icon, or visual + voice message) were displayed on a smart bicycle helmet at different times before passing a parked, still-occupied vehicle. Our participants found the notifications of potential hazards very easy to understand and appealing and felt that the alerts could help them navigate traffic more safely. Those concepts that (additionally) used auditory icons or voice messages were preferred. In addition, the lateral distance increased significantly when a potentially opening door was indicated. In these situations, cyclists were able to safely pass the parked vehicle without braking. In summary, we are convinced that notification systems, such as the one presented here, are an important component for increasing road safety, especially for vulnerable road users. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/mti6010003 KW - accident prevention KW - awareness message KW - connected traffic KW - cycling KW - head-mounted display KW - lateral position KW - simulation KW - vulnerable road users Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/mti6010003 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-13079 SN - 2414-4088 VL - 6 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - INPR A1 - Flohr, Lukas A. A1 - Schuß, Martina A1 - Wallach, Dieter P. A1 - Krüger, Antonio A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Designing for Passengers’ Information Needs on Fellow Travelers: A Comparison of Day and Night Rides in Shared Automated Vehicles N2 - Shared automated mobility-on-demand promises efficient, sustainable, and flexible transportation. Nevertheless, security concerns, resilience, and their mutual influence - especially at night - will likely be the most critical barriers to public adoption since passengers have to share rides with strangers without a human driver on board. As related work points out that information about fellow travelers might mitigate passengers' concerns, we designed two user interface variants to investigate the role of this information in an exploratory within-subjects user study (N = 24). Participants experienced four automated day and night rides with varying personal information about co-passengers in a simulated environment. The results of the mixed-method study indicate that having information about other passengers (e.g., photo, gender, and name) positively affects user experience at night. In contrast, it is less necessary during the day. Considering participants' simultaneously raised privacy demands poses a substantial challenge for resilient system design. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.02616 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.02616 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-59892 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER -