TY - THES A1 - Pizzoni, Luca T1 - Conceptualization of a digital companion for shared automated vehicles BT - a cross-cultural approach comparing korea and germany N2 - Shared Automated Vehicles (SAVs) offer the opportunity to make Automated Vehicles (AVs) accessible to a wide range of people while reducing air pollution and improving traffic flow. A major difference compared to conventional Shared Vehicles is the absence of a human driver, which poses several challenges. A Digital Companion (DC) could compensate for this circumstance. However, requirements for a DC might vary between different cultures. In this work, we take a cross-cultural approach comparing Korea and Germany to identify the requirements for a DC for SAVs in different cultures. Moreover, we aim to explore whether a DC improves the feeling of security and the user experience of Korean and German passengers on SAVs as well as what type of DC for SAVs is perceived most positively by Koreans and Germans. Through three pre-studies including one interview (n = 1), four workshops (n = 19), and an online survey (n = 33) the requirements of Koreans and Germans for a DC for SAVs were identified. It was found that Koreans might prefer a robot-like DC who is obedient to humans while Germans might prefer a human-like DC who is supportive, reliable, and serious. Based on the findings of the pre-studies as well as related work, two concepts of a DC for SAVs, one robot-like and one human-like, were developed and implemented in three VR scenarios. A sample of 68 participants, divided into the two groups Koreans and Germans (29 Koreans, 39 Germans), evaluated the two concepts, as well as a baseline without DC. A short version of the STAI-S, five items regarding attitude towards SAVs, and the UEQ-S were used for evaluation. The results suggest that a DC improves the feeling of security and the user experience of Korean and German passengers on SAVs. Moreover, the results from the main study indicate that both Koreans and Germans perceive a human-like DC most positively. Implications for the design of a DC for SAVs are discussed. Y1 - 2022 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-35676 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuß, Martina A1 - Pizzoni, Luca A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Human or robot? Exploring different avatar appearances to increase perceived security in shared automated vehicles JF - Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces N2 - AbstractShared Automated Vehicles (SAVs) promise to make automated mobility accessible to a wide range of people while reducing air pollution and improving traffic flow. In the future, these vehicles will operate with no human driver on board, which poses several challenges that might differ depending on the cultural context and make one-fits-all solutions demanding. A promising substitute for the driver could be Digital Companions (DCs), i.e. conversational agents presented on a screen inside the vehicles. We conducted interviews with Colombian participants and workshops with German and Korean participants and derived two design concepts of DCs as an alternative for the human driver on SAVs: a human-like and a robot-like. We compared these two concepts to a baseline without companion using a scenario-based online questionnaire with participants from Colombia (N = 57), Germany (N = 50), and Korea (N = 29) measuring anxiety, security, trust, risk, control, threat, and user experience. In comparison with the baseline, both DCs are statistically significantly perceived as more positively. While we found a preference for the human-like DC among all participants, this preference is higher among Colombians while Koreans show the highest openness towards the robot-like DC. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12193-024-00436-x Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12193-024-00436-x UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-50560 SN - 1783-8738 SN - 1783-7677 VL - 18 IS - 2-3 SP - 209 EP - 228 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER -