TY - JOUR A1 - Obermaier, Christina A1 - Riebl, Raphael A1 - Al-Bayatti, Ali H. A1 - Khan, Sarmadullah A1 - Facchi, Christian T1 - Measuring the Realtime Capability of Parallel-Discrete-Event-Simulations JF - Electronics N2 - Speeding up Discrete Event Simulations (DESs) is a broad research field. Promising Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES) approaches with optimistic and conservative synchronisation schemes have emerged throughout the years. However, in the area of real-time simulation, PDESs are rarely considered. This is caused by the complex problem of fitting parallel executed DES models to a real-time clock. Hence, this paper gives an extensive review of existing conservative and optimistic synchronisation schemes for PDESs. It introduces a metric to compare their real-time capabilities to determine whether they can be used for soft or firm real-time simulation. Examples are given on how to apply this metric to evaluate PDESs using synthetic and real-world examples. The results of the investigation reveal that no final answer can be given if PDESs can be used for soft or firm real-time simulation as they are. However, boundary conditions were defined, which allow a use-case specific evaluation of the real-time capabilities of a certain parallel executed DES. Using this in-depth knowledge and can lead to predictability of the real-time behaviour of a simulation run. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060636 KW - real-time simulation KW - Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks KW - Discrete Event Simulation KW - network simulation Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060636 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10883 SN - 2079-9292 VL - 10 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Obermaier, Christina A1 - Riebl, Raphael A1 - Facchi, Christian A1 - Al-Bayatti, Ali H. A1 - Khan, Sarmadullah T1 - COSIDIA: an approach for real-time parallel discrete event simulations tailored for wireless networks T2 - SIGSIM-PADS '21: Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSIM Conference on Principles of Advanced Discrete Simulation UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3437959.3459250 KW - hardware in the loop KW - vehicular ad hoc networks KW - discrete event simulation KW - real-time simulation Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3437959.3459250 SN - 978-1-4503-8296-0 SP - 165 EP - 171 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Obermaier, Christina A1 - Riebl, Raphael A1 - Al-Bayatti, Ali H. A1 - Facchi, Christian A1 - Khan, Sarmadullah T1 - Limitations of HIL Test Architectures for Car2X Communication Devices and Applications T2 - Proceedings CSCS 2019: ACM Computer Science in Cars Symposium UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3359999.3360493 KW - V2X communication KW - validation KW - hardware in the loop KW - intelligent transport systems Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3359999.3360493 SN - 978-1-4503-7004-2 PB - ACM CY - New York ER -