TY - JOUR A1 - Kotak, Bhavya A1 - Kotak, Yash A1 - Brade, Katja A1 - Kubjatko, Tibor A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Battery Crush Test Procedures in Standards and Regulation: Need for Augmentation and Harmonisation JF - Batteries N2 - Battery safety is a prominent concern for the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs). The battery powering an EV contains highly energetic active materials and flammable organic electrolytes. Usually, an EV battery catches fire due to its thermal runaway, either immediately at the time of the accident or can take a while to gain enough heat to ignite the battery chemicals. There are numerous battery abuse testing standards and regulations available globally. Therefore, battery manufacturers are always in dilemma to choose the safest one. Henceforth, to find the optimal outcome of these two major issues, six standards (SAE J2464:2009, GB/T 31485-2015:2015, FreedomCAR:2006, ISO 12405-3:2014, IEC 62660-2:2010, and SAND2017-6295:2017) and two regulations (UN/ECE-R100.02:2013 and GTR 20:2018), that are followed by more than fifty countries in the world, are investigated in terms of their abuse battery testing conditions (crush test). This research proves that there is a need for (a) augmenting these standards and regulations as they do not consider real-life vehicle crash scenarios, and (b) one harmonised framework should be developed, which can be adopted worldwide. These outcomes will solve the battery manufacturers dilemma and will also increase the safety of EV consumers. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries7030063 KW - lithium-ion battery KW - electric vehicle battery KW - battery standard KW - battery regulation KW - battery testing standard KW - battery testing regulation KW - abuse testing KW - harmonising battery standard KW - crush test procedure KW - battery incidents KW - battery standard and regulation augmentation Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries7030063 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11083 SN - 2313-0105 VL - 7 IS - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steger, Fabian A1 - Nitsche, Alexander A1 - Arbesmeier, Alexander A1 - Brade, Katja A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg A1 - Belski, Iouri T1 - Teaching Battery Basics in Laboratories: Hands-On Versus Simulated Experiments JF - IEEE Transactions on Education N2 - Contribution: Prior studies comparing the effectiveness of different laboratory learning modes do not allow one to draw a universally valid conclusion, as other influences are mixed with the learning modes. In order to contribute to the existing body of work and to add another piece to the puzzle, this article demonstrates an improved methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of computer-simulated laboratories in comparison to hands-on exercises using a battery basics practical course as a case study. Background: Computer-simulated experiments are becoming increasingly popular for conducting laboratory exercises in higher education and vocational training institutions. To ensure the consistent quality of laboratory learning, an accurate comparison between the results of simulated experiments and practical hands-on experiments is required. Intended Outcomes: In this article, the achievement of the following learning objectives were compared between the two laboratory modes: 1) comprehension of the most important parameters of battery cells and 2) knowledge on how these parameters can be determined using adequate experimental procedures. Application Design: To avoid interference of factors other than laboratory mode on the learning, laboratory instructions and experimental interfaces ensured identical execution of the experiments in the compared modes. Using a counterbalanced methodology, the two laboratory modes alternated by the session, while the experimental procedures remained constant regardless of the respective modes. Findings: Tests taken by the participants after conducting the laboratory experiments revealed that hands-on laboratories resulted in statistically significantly better student performance than simulated laboratories. This difference was even more pronounced for the participants that finished a vocational education and training program before the university studies. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TE.2020.2970554 KW - battery KW - electrical engineering KW - energy storages KW - hands-on KW - knowledge gain KW - laboratory learning KW - simulation KW - student experience Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TE.2020.2970554 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-9517 SN - 1557-9638 VL - 63 IS - 3 SP - 198 EP - 208 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steger, Fabian A1 - Arbesmeier, Alexander A1 - Nitsche, Alexander A1 - Brade, Katja A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg A1 - Belski, Iouri ED - Nagy, Balázs Vince ED - Murphy, Mike ED - Järvinen, Hannu-Matti ED - Kálmán, Anikó T1 - Laboratory learning BT - influence of the perceived laboratory mode on learning outcomes T2 - Varietas delectat… Complexity is the new normality: SEFI 47th Annual Conference Proceedings UR - https://www.sefi.be/proceedings/?conference=2019-budapest-isbn-978-2-87352-018-2 KW - Perceived learning modes KW - Simulated laboratories KW - Hands-on laboratories Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.sefi.be/proceedings/?conference=2019-budapest-isbn-978-2-87352-018-2 SN - 978-2-87352-018-2 SP - 1897 EP - 1907 PB - SEFI CY - Brüssel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steger, Fabian A1 - Nitsche, Alexander A1 - Brade, Katja A1 - Belski, Iouri A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg ED - Waldherr, Franz ED - Walter, Claudia T1 - Energiespeicher-Praktikum an der TH Ingolstadt BT - reale versus simulierte Experimente T2 - Tagungsband zum Forum der Lehre an der TH Ingolstadt Y1 - 2018 UR - https://didaktikzentrum.de/publikationen/dina-und-tagungsbaende SN - 1612-4537 SP - 90 EP - 97 PB - THI / DiZ CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steger, Fabian A1 - Nitsche, Alexander A1 - Brade, Katja A1 - Belski, Iouri A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg ED - Quadrado, José Carlos ED - Bernardino, Jorge ED - Rocha, João T1 - Teaching Energy Storages by means of a Student Battery Cell Test System T2 - Proceedings of the 45th SEFI Annual Conference 2017: Education Excellence for Sustainability KW - student experiments KW - energy storage systems KW - battery test system Y1 - 2017 UR - https://www.sefi.be/conference/2017-azores/ SN - 978-989-98875-7-2 SP - 169 EP - 176 PB - SEFI (Société Européenne pour la Formation des Ingénieurs) CY - Brüssel ER -