TY - JOUR A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens T1 - A systematic review of virtual reality applications for automated driving: 2009–2020 JF - Frontiers in human dynamics N2 - While virtual reality (VR) interfaces have been researched extensively over the last decades, studies on their application in vehicles have only recently advanced. In this paper, we systematically review 12 years of VR research in the context of automated driving (AD), from 2009 to 2020. Due to the multitude of possibilities for studies with regard to VR technology, at present, the pool of findings is heterogeneous and non-transparent. We investigated N = 176 scientific papers of relevant journals and conferences with the goal to analyze the status quo of existing VR studies in AD, and to classify the related literature into application areas. We provide insights into the utilization of VR technology which is applicable at specific level of vehicle automation and for different users (drivers, passengers, pedestrians) and tasks. Results show that most studies focused on designing automotive experiences in VR, safety aspects, and vulnerable road users. Trust, simulator and motion sickness, and external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) also marked a significant portion of the published papers, however a wide range of different parameters was investigated by researchers. Finally, we discuss a set of open challenges, and give recommendation for future research in automated driving at the VR side of the reality-virtuality continuum. UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2021.689856 KW - virtual reality KW - automated driving KW - systematic review KW - user studies KW - augmented reality KW - user experience KW - usability KW - classifications Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2021.689856 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11067 SN - 2673-2726 VL - 3 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Wintersberger, Philipp A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens T1 - Augmented Reality Windshield Displays and Their Potential to Enhance User Experience in Automated Driving JF - i-com: Journal of Interactive Media UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/icom-2018-0033 KW - windshield displays KW - head-up displays KW - user preferences KW - automated driving KW - heatmaps Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/icom-2018-0033 SN - 2196-6826 VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 127 EP - 149 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens T1 - Augmented Reality for Future Mobility: Insights from a Literature Review and HCI Workshop JF - i-com: Journal of Interactive Media N2 - There is a growing body of research in the field of interaction between drivers/passengers and automated vehicles using augmented reality (AR) technology. Furthering the advancements and availability of AR, the number of use cases in and around vehicles rises. Our literature review reveals that in the past, AR research focussed on increasing road safety and displaying navigational aids, however, more recent research explores the support of immersive (non-)driving related activities, and finally enhance driving and passenger experiences, as well as assist other road users through external human-machine interfaces (HMIs). AR may also be the enabling technology to increase trust and acceptance in automated vehicles through explainable artificial intelligence (AI), and therefore help on the shift from manual to automated driving. We organized a workshop addressing AR in automotive human-computer interaction (HCI) design, and identified a number of challenges including human factors issues that need to be tackled, as well as opportunities and practical usages of AR in future mobility. We believe that our status-quo literature analysis and future-oriented workshop results can serve as a research agenda for user interface designers and researchers when developing automotive AR interfaces. UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/icom-2021-0029 Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/icom-2021-0029 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-56402 SN - 2196-6826 VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 295 EP - 318 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens T1 - A research agenda for mixed reality in automated vehicles T2 - 19th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia: Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3428390 KW - research agenda KW - mixed reality KW - automotive user interfaces KW - automated driving Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3428390 SN - 978-1-4503-8870-2 SP - 119 EP - 131 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens ED - Cauchard, Jessica ED - Löchtefeld, Markus T1 - StickyWSD: investigating content positioning on a windshield display for automated driving T2 - MUM 2020: 19th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia: Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3428405 KW - virtual reality KW - augmented reality KW - automated driving KW - windshield display KW - user study KW - focus distance Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3428405 SN - 978-1-4503-8870-2 SP - 143 EP - 151 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Aksoy, Bilal A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens T1 - Gaze-based Interaction with Windshield Displays for Automated Driving: Impact of Dwell Time and Feedback Design on Task Performance and SubjectiveWorkload T2 - Proceedings: 12th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410654 KW - gaze-based interaction KW - feedback design KW - dwell time KW - windshield display KW - automated driving KW - user study KW - virtual reality Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410654 SN - 978-1-4503-8065-2 SP - 151 EP - 160 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens T1 - Adaptive dark mode: Investigating text and transparency of windshield display content for automated driving T2 - Mensch und Computer 2019 - Workshopband UR - https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2019-ws-612 KW - dark mode KW - visual aesthetics KW - automated driving KW - windshield display KW - chat application Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2019-ws-612 SP - 421 EP - 428 PB - Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens T1 - Towards Dynamic Positioning of Text Content on a Windshield Display for Automated Driving T2 - Proceedings VRST 2019: 25th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3359996.3364757 KW - human-centered computing KW - human computer interaction (HCI) KW - interaction paradigms KW - virtual reality Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3359996.3364757 SN - 978-1-4503-7001-1 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Anthes, Christoph A1 - Holzmann, Clemens A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Mohseni, Shiva T1 - AutoSimAR: In-Vehicle Cross-Virtuality Transitions between Planar Displays and 3D Augmented Reality Spaces T2 - ISS’21 Workshop Proceedings: "Transitional Interfaces in Mixed and Cross-Reality: A new frontier?" UR - https://dx.doi.org/10.18148/kops/352-2-1udvl21t4wfns7 KW - cross virtuality interaction KW - mixed reality KW - automated driving KW - human factors Y1 - 2021 UR - https://dx.doi.org/10.18148/kops/352-2-1udvl21t4wfns7 UR - https://idux-jetter.org/ti-iss2021/ PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens ED - Wienrich, Carolin ED - Wintersberger, Philipp ED - Weyers, Benjamin T1 - Workshop on Mixed Reality Applications for In-Vehicle Experiences in Automated Driving T2 - Mensch und Computer 2021 - Workshopband UR - https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2021-mci-ws03-108 KW - workshop KW - mixed reality KW - automated driving KW - user experience Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2021-mci-ws03-108 PB - Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens T1 - Virtual reality driving simulator for user studies on automated driving T2 - Adjunct Proceedings: 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3349263.3349595 KW - human computer interaction (HCI) KW - interaction design KW - virtual reality KW - human-centered computing Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3349263.3349595 SN - 978-1-4503-6920-6 SP - 502 EP - 507 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens ED - Alt, Florian ED - Bulling, Andreas ED - Döring, Tanja T1 - AutoWSD: Virtual Reality Automated Driving Simulator for Rapid HCI Prototyping T2 - Mensch und Computer 2019: Tagungsband UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3340764.3345366 KW - human computer interaction (HCI) KW - interaction design KW - interface design prototyping KW - virtual reality KW - interaction techniques Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3340764.3345366 SN - 978-1-4503-7198-8 SP - 853 EP - 857 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Wintersberger, Philipp A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens ED - Schmidt, Albrecht ED - Williamson, Julie R. ED - Elhart, Ivan ED - Baldauf, Matthias ED - Mikusz, Mateusz ED - Sorce, Salvatore ED - Kurdyukova, Katja ED - El.Agroudy, Passant ED - Gentile, Vito T1 - Investigating User Preferences for Windshield Displays in Automated Vehicles T2 - Proceedings: Pervasive Displays 2018 - The 7th ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3205873.3205885 KW - automated driving KW - windshield displays KW - in-vehicle information systems KW - user studies KW - user experience Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3205873.3205885 SN - 978-1-4503-5765-4 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens T1 - Towards Personalized 3D Augmented Reality Windshield Displays in the Context of Automated Driving JF - Frontiers in Future Transportation N2 - As vehicle automation advances, drivers of automated vehicles become more disengaged from the primary driving task. Windshield displays provide a large screen space supporting drivers in non-driving related activities. This article presents user preferences as well as task and safety issues for 3D augmented reality windshield displays in automated driving. Participants of a user study (n = 24) customized two modes of content presentation (multiple content-specific windows vs. one main window), and could freely adjust visual parameters for these content windows using a simulated “ideal” windshield display in a virtual reality driving simulator. We found that user preferences differ with respect to contextual aspects. Additionally, using one main content window resulted in better task performance and lower take-over times, but the subjective user experience was higher for the multi-window user interface. These findings help automotive interface designers to improve experiences in automated vehicles. UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/ffutr.2022.810698 KW - augmented reality KW - windshield display KW - automated driving KW - user study KW - user preferences Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/ffutr.2022.810698 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-28093 SN - 2673-5210 VL - 3 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens T1 - Content presentation on 3D augmented reality windshield displays in the context of automated driving T2 - 2022 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/VR51125.2022.00074 KW - human-centered computing KW - visualization KW - visualization techniques KW - visualization design and evaluation methods KW - user interfaces KW - graphical user interfaces (GUI) KW - information interfaces and presentation KW - miscellaneous Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/VR51125.2022.00074 SN - 978-1-6654-9617-9 SP - 543 EP - 552 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens T1 - A Systematic Review of Augmented Reality Applications for Automated Driving: 2009–2020 JF - Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments UR - https://doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00343 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00343 SN - 1054-7460 SN - 1531-3263 VL - 28 SP - 87 EP - 126 PB - MIT Press CY - Cambridge ER -