TY - JOUR A1 - Santos, Cassiano A1 - Neto, Milad Kalume A1 - Kanieski, João Marcos A1 - Rufino Júnior, Carlos Antônio A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg A1 - Zanin, Hudson T1 - A multidimensional assessment of electrification in automotive powertrains: Technical, operational, and strategic perspectives JF - Results in Engineering N2 - Global transportation is undergoing a profound transformation, driven by the convergence of decarbonization targets and advances in electrification technologies. Electrification, ranging from mild Hybrid Electric Vehicles (mHEVs) to Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), represents the main technological path in the transition from internal combustion engines. This transition is inherently multidimensional, simultaneously reshaping vehicle design, manufacturing systems, supply chains, customer value, and environmental outcomes in interconnected ways. Each architecture, including mHEV, Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), and BEV, presents different tradeoffs in these dimensions, requiring a structured framework for systematic comparison. To address this gap, this work details an integrated framework that systematically compares electrification pathways across five interrelated dimensions: vehicle concepts, research and development, manufacturing and logistics, customer experience, and environmental footprint. This framework culminates in a decision matrix that consolidates trade-offs into a practical SWOT based tool for strategic planning. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107377 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107377 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63829 SN - 2590-1230 VL - 2025 IS - 28 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rappsilber, Tim A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Raspe, Tina A1 - Reclo, Rudolf A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Toxic gas emission in electric vehicles: What a battery fire means for occupant safety JF - Fire Safety Journal N2 - This work investigates the ability of occupants to escape from a battery electric vehicle during a thermal runaway of the traction battery initiated by nail penetration. Such events generate intense fires and large amounts of toxic gases, rapidly reducing the time available for safe evacuation. In controlled full-scale outdoor experiments on two identical mid-range battery electric vehicles, the smoke gas composition inside the cabin is examined. Using FTIR spectrometers and an oxygen analyzer, temporal and spatial concentrations of organic carbonates, hydrocarbons, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen cyanide, acetylene, and oxygen are measured. Sampling locations include the driver's breathing zone, the right rear passenger's breathing zone, and the exterior right rear wheel housing. The study further evaluates occupant's escape capability using the fractional effective dose (FED) model in accordance with ISO 13571. Results show that toxic gases can reach harmful concentrations within minutes after smoke enters the cabin, though smoke entry times vary widely with fire progression. Differences in fire development and smoke dispersion strongly affect FED values and thus the time available for self-rescue. Overall, the findings provide an important basis for assessing occupant safety during battery electric vehicle fires and highlight the need for improved mitigation strategies. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2026.104717 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2026.104717 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-67774 SN - 1873-7226 VL - 2026 IS - 162 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walter, Gero A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Rufino Júnior, Carlos Antônio A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg A1 - Valente de Bessa, Iury A1 - Mallmann, Maíra A1 - Kirsten Vidal de Oliveira, Aline A1 - Odilio Dos Santos, Daniel A1 - Rüther, Ricardo T1 - Operating Behavior of a Photovoltaic-driven Electrolysis System JF - Revista Brasileira de Energia Solar UR - https://doi.org/10.59627/rbens.2024v15i1.456 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.59627/rbens.2024v15i1.456 SN - 2526-2831 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 82 EP - 92 PB - ABENS CY - São Paulo ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langer, Robin A1 - Tentrup, Thomas A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - A Vehicle-in-the-Loop Approach for Front Camera Verification Using Adaptive High Beam JF - IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems N2 - As automated driving functions based on environmental sensors become increasingly deployed, ensuring reliable performance over the vehicle lifetime is essential. Currently, verification is carried out through internal self-diagnostics, which do not always operate correctly, and periodic technical inspection, which assesses only the test criteria installation and condition. Test criteria for function and efficiency of environmental sensors are neither standardized nor routinely assessed, creating the need for new testing approaches. Previous low-cost research approaches defined a method and conducted experiments to verify a vehicle’s front camera by displaying visual stimuli and evaluating the high beam assist response. Whereas the camera’s function could be verified through a basic qualitative check, the approach did not enable a quantitative evaluation of its performance. The aim of this work was therefore to advance this approach and investigate the added value of a Vehicle-in-the-Loop test bench for front camera verification. Three tests were conducted. A supporting method was introduced to reproducibly detect and define the position of the headlight cutoff line, enabling consistent evaluation of the vehicle’s reaction. With static camera stimuli (Test I), the function of the front camera could be verified, and the influence of the vehicle geometry on the reaction was assessed. Dynamic stimuli (Test II) additionally enabled an efficiency evaluation, allowing quantitative comparison between vehicles. However, transferring the stimuli into a reproducible virtual simulation (Test III) remained challenging, as the vehicles under test did not respond consistently. Further research is required to refine and simplify the method toward a standardized periodic technical inspection procedure. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/OJITS.2026.3672438 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/OJITS.2026.3672438 SN - 2687-7813 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauder, Maximilian A1 - Paula, Daniel A1 - Pfeilschifter, Claus A1 - Petermeier, Franziska A1 - Kubjatko, Tibor A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Influences of Vehicle Communication on Human Driving Reactions: A Simulator Study on Reaction Times and Behavior for Forensic Accident Analysis JF - Sensors N2 - Cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITSs) are mass-produced and sold in Europe, promising enhanced safety and comfort. Direct vehicle communication, known as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, is crucial in this context. Drivers receive warnings about potential hazards by exchanging vehicle status and environmental data with other communication-enabled vehicles. However, the impact of these warnings on drivers and their inclusion in accident reconstruction remains uncertain. Unlike sensor-based warnings, V2X warnings may not provide a visible reason for the alert, potentially affecting reaction times and behavior. In this work, a simulator study on V2X warnings was conducted with 32 participants to generate findings on reaction times and behavior for accident reconstruction in connection with these systems. Two scenarios from the Car-2-Car Communication Consortium were implemented: “Stationary Vehicle Warning—Broken-Down Vehicle” and “Dangerous Situation—Electronic Emergency Brake Lights”. Volkswagen’s warning concept was utilized, as they are the sole provider of cooperative vehicles in Europe. Results show that V2X warnings without visible reasons did not negatively impact reaction times or behavior, with average reaction times between 0.58 s (steering) and 0.69 s (braking). No significant distraction or search for warning reasons was observed. However, additional information in the warnings caused confusion and was seldom noticed by subjects. In this study, participants responded correctly and appropriately to the shown false-positive warnings. A wrong reaction triggering an accident is possible but unlikely. Overall, V2X warnings showed no negative impacts compared with sensor-based systems. This means that there are no differences in accident reconstruction regarding the source of the warning (sensors or communication). However, it is important that it is known that there was a warning, which is why the occurrence of V2X warnings should also be saved in the EDR in the future. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144481 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144481 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-48982 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 24 IS - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - INPR A1 - Bauder, Maximilian A1 - Paula, Daniel A1 - Pfeilschifter, Claus A1 - Petermeier, Franziska A1 - Kubjatko, Tibor A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Influences of Vehicle Communication on Human Driving Reactions: A Simulator Study on Reaction Times and Behavior for Forensic Accident Analysis T2 - SSRN UR - https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4588275 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4588275 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rufino Júnior, Carlos Antônio A1 - Riva Sanseverino, Eleonora A1 - Gallo, Pierluigi A1 - Koch, Daniel A1 - Kotak, Yash A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg A1 - Zanin, Hudson T1 - Towards a business model for second-life batteries – barriers, opportunities, uncertainties, and technologies JF - Journal of Energy Chemistry UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2022.12.019 KW - Business models KW - Batteries KW - Sustainability KW - Electric vehicles KW - Challenges KW - Opportunities KW - Lithium-ion batteries KW - Reuse Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2022.12.019 SN - 2096-885X SN - 2095-4956 N1 - Corrigendum verfügbar unter https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2023.11.010 VL - 2023 IS - 78 SP - 507 EP - 525 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER -