TY - JOUR A1 - Linguaglossa, Leonardo A1 - Lange, Stanislav A1 - Pontarelli, Salvatore A1 - Retvari, Gabor A1 - Rossi, Dario A1 - Zinner, Thomas A1 - Bifulco, Roberto A1 - Jarschel, Michael A1 - Bianchi, Giuseppe T1 - Survey of Performance Acceleration Techniques for Network Function Virtualization JF - Proceedings of the IEEE UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2019.2896848 KW - fast packet processing KW - network function virtualization (NFV) KW - offloading KW - performance acceleration KW - virtualization Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2019.2896848 SN - 1558-2256 VL - 107 IS - 4 SP - 746 EP - 764 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilm, Frauke A1 - Ihling, Christian A1 - Méhes, Gábor A1 - Terracciano, Luigi A1 - Puget, Chloé A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Schüffler, Peter A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Maier, Andreas A1 - Mrowiec, Thomas A1 - Breininger, Katharina T1 - Pan-tumor T-lymphocyte detection using deep neural networks: Recommendations for transfer learning in immunohistochemistry JF - Journal of Pathology Informatics N2 - The success of immuno-oncology treatments promises long-term cancer remission for an increasing number of patients. The response to checkpoint inhibitor drugs has shown a correlation with the presence of immune cells in the tumor and tumor microenvironment. An in-depth understanding of the spatial localization of immune cells is therefore critical for understanding the tumor’s immune landscape and predicting drug response. Computer-aided systems are well suited for efficiently quantifying immune cells in their spatial context. Conventional image analysis approaches are often based on color features and therefore require a high level of manual interaction. More robust image analysis methods based on deep learning are expected to decrease this reliance on human interaction and improve the reproducibility of immune cell scoring. However, these methods require sufficient training data and previous work has reported low robustness of these algorithms when they are tested on out-of-distribution data from different pathology labs or samples from different organs. In this work, we used a new image analysis pipeline to explicitly evaluate the robustness of marker-labeled lymphocyte quantification algorithms depending on the number of training samples before and after being transferred to a new tumor indication. For these experiments, we adapted the RetinaNet architecture for the task of T-lymphocyte detection and employed transfer learning to bridge the domain gap between tumor indications and reduce the annotation costs for unseen domains. On our test set, we achieved human-level performance for almost all tumor indications with an average precision of 0.74 in-domain and 0.72–0.74 cross-domain. From our results, we derive recommendations for model development regarding annotation extent, training sample selection, and label extraction for the development of robust algorithms for immune cell scoring. By extending the task of marker-labeled lymphocyte quantification to a multi-class detection task, the pre-requisite for subsequent analyses, e.g., distinguishing lymphocytes in the tumor stroma from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, is met. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpi.2023.100301 KW - Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes KW - Immuno-oncology KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Deep learning KW - Transfer learning KW - Domain adaptation Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpi.2023.100301 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-40458 SN - 2153-3539 VL - 2023 IS - 14 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Belzner, Lenz A1 - Schmid, Kyrill A1 - Phan, Thomy A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Wirsing, Martin T1 - The sharer’s dilemma in collective adaptive systems of self-interested agents T2 - Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation : Distributed Systems : 8th International Symposium, ISoLA 2018; Limassol, Cyprus, November 5–9, 2018; Proceedings, Part III UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03424-5_16 Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03424-5_16 SN - 978-3-030-03423-8 SN - 978-3-030-03424-5 SP - 241 EP - 256 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Sedlmeier, Andreas A1 - Phan, Thomy A1 - Ritz, Fabian A1 - Kiermeier, Marie A1 - Belzner, Lenz A1 - Kempter, Bernhard A1 - Klein, Cornel A1 - Sauer, Horst A1 - Schmid, Reiner A1 - Wieghardt, Jan A1 - Zeller, Marc A1 - Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia T1 - The scenario coevolution paradigm BT - adaptive quality assurance for adaptive systems JF - International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer N2 - Systems are becoming increasingly more adaptive, using techniques like machine learning to enhance their behavior on their own rather than only through human developers programming them. We analyze the impact the advent of these new techniques has on the discipline of rigorous software engineering, especially on the issue of quality assurance. To this end, we provide a general description of the processes related to machine learning and embed them into a formal framework for the analysis of adaptivity, recognizing that to test an adaptive system a new approach to adaptive testing is necessary. We introduce scenario coevolution as a design pattern describing how system and test can work as antagonists in the process of software evolution. While the general pattern applies to large-scale processes (including human developers further augmenting the system), we show all techniques on a smaller-scale example of an agent navigating a simple smart factory. We point out new aspects in software engineering for adaptive systems that may be tackled naturally using scenario coevolution. This work is a substantially extended take on Gabor et al. (International symposium on leveraging applications of formal methods, Springer, pp 137–154, 2018). UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-020-00560-5 Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-020-00560-5 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-13929 SN - 1433-2787 VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 457 EP - 476 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmid, Kyrill A1 - Belzner, Lenz A1 - Phan, Thomy A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia ED - Rocha, Ana ED - Steels, Luc ED - Herik, Jaap van den T1 - Multi-agent reinforcement learning for bargaining under risk and asymmetric information T2 - Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence - Volume 1: ICAART 2020 N2 - In cooperative game theory bargaining games refer to situations where players can agree to any one of a variety of outcomes but there is a conflict on which specific outcome to choose. However, the players cannot impose a specific outcome on others and if no agreement is reached all players receive a predetermined status quo outcome. Bargaining games have been studied from a variety of fields, including game theory, economics, psychology and simulation based methods like genetic algorithms. In this work we extend the analysis by means of deep multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). To study the dynamics of bargaining with reinforcement learning we propose two different bargaining environments which display the following situations: in the first domain two agents have to agree on the division of an asset, e.g., the division of a fixed amount of money between each other. The second domain models a seller-buyer scenario in which agents must agree on a price for a product. We empirica lly demonstrate that the bargaining result under MARL is influenced by agents’ risk-aversion as well as information asymmetry between agents. UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0008913901440151 Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0008913901440151 SN - 978-989-758-395-7 SN - 2184-433X SP - 144 EP - 151 PB - SciTePress CY - Setúbal ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sedlmeier, Andreas A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Phan, Thomy A1 - Belzner, Lenz A1 - Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia ED - Rocha, Ana ED - Steels, Luc ED - Herik, Jaap van den T1 - Uncertainty-based out-of-distribution classification in deep reinforcement learning T2 - Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence - Volume 2: ICAART N2 - Robustness to out-of-distribution (OOD) data is an important goal in building reliable machine learning systems. As a first step towards a solution, we consider the problem of detecting such data in a value-based deep reinforcement learning (RL) setting. Modelling this problem as a one-class classification problem, we propose a framework for uncertainty-based OOD classification: UBOOD. It is based on the effect that an agent’s epistemic uncertainty is reduced for situations encountered during training (in-distribution), and thus lower than for unencountered (OOD) situations. Being agnostic towards the approach used for estimating epistemic uncertainty, combinations with different uncertainty estimation methods, e.g. approximate Bayesian inference methods or ensembling techniques are possible. Evaluation shows that the framework produces reliable classification results when combined with ensemble-based estimators, while the combination with concrete dropout-based estimators fails to r eliably detect OOD situations. UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0008949905220529 KW - Uncertainty in AI KW - Out-of-Distribution Classification KW - Deep Reinforcement Learning Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0008949905220529 SN - 978-989-758-395-7 SN - 2184-433X SP - 522 EP - 529 PB - SciTePress CY - Setúbal ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Sünkel, Leo A1 - Ritz, Fabian A1 - Phan, Thomy A1 - Belzner, Lenz A1 - Roch, Christoph A1 - Feld, Sebastian A1 - Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia T1 - The holy grail of quantum artificial intelligence BT - major challenges in accelerating the machine learning pipeline T2 - ICSEW'20 : Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering Workshops UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3387940.3391469 KW - quantum computing KW - artificial intelligence KW - software engineering Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3387940.3391469 SN - 978-1-4503-7963-2 SP - 456 EP - 461 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Phan, Thomy A1 - Belzner, Lenz A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Sedlmeier, Andreas A1 - Ritz, Fabian A1 - Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia T1 - Resilient multi-agent reinforcement learning with adversarial value decomposition T2 - AAAI-21 / IAAI-21 / EAAI-21 Proceedings UR - https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/17348 KW - Multiagent Learning KW - Adversarial Learning & Robustness KW - Adversarial Agents KW - Reinforcement Learning Y1 - 2021 UR - https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/17348 SN - 978-1-57735-866-4 SN - 2374-3468 VL - 35 IS - 13 SP - 11308 EP - 11316 PB - AAAI Press CY - Palo Alto (CA) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Phan, Thomy A1 - Schmid, Kyrill A1 - Belzner, Lenz A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Feld, Sebastian A1 - Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia T1 - Distributed Policy Iteration for Scalable Approximation of Cooperative Multi-Agent Policies T2 - AAMAS '19 : Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems KW - multi-agent planning KW - multi-agent learning KW - policy iteration Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.ifaamas.org/Proceedings/aamas2019/forms/contents.htm SN - 978-1-4503-6309-9 SP - 2162 EP - 2164 PB - International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems CY - Richland ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmid, Kyrill A1 - Belzner, Lenz A1 - Kiermeier, Marie A1 - Neitz, Alexander A1 - Phan, Thomy A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia ED - Trollmann, Frank ED - Turhan, Anni-Yasmin T1 - Risk-sensitivity in simulation based online planning T2 - KI 2018: Advances in Artificial Intelligence : Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00111-7_20 KW - online planning KW - risk-sensitivity KW - local planning Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00111-7_20 SN - 978-3-030-00111-7 SN - 978-3-030-00110-0 SP - 229 EP - 240 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Belzner, Lenz A1 - Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia ED - Aguirre, Hernan T1 - Inheritance-based diversity measures for explicit convergence control in evolutionary algorithms T2 - GECCO '18: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference UR - https: //doi.org/10.1145/3205455.3205630 KW - diversity KW - evolutionary algorithms KW - premature convergence KW - optimization KW - genetic drift Y1 - 2018 UR - https: //doi.org/10.1145/3205455.3205630 SN - 978-1-4503-5618-3 SP - 841 EP - 848 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Belzner, Lenz A1 - Phan, Thomy A1 - Schmid, Kyrill T1 - Preparing for the unexpected BT - diversity improves planning resilience in evolutionary algorithms T2 - Proceedings : 15th IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing - ICAC 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAC.2018.00023 KW - planning KW - unexpected events KW - dynamic fitness KW - resilience KW - robustness KW - self-protection KW - self-healing KW - diversity KW - optimization KW - evolutionary algorithms Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAC.2018.00023 SN - 978-1-5386-5139-1 SN - 2474-0756 SP - 131 EP - 140 PB - IEEE CY - Los Alamitos (CA) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmid, Kyrill A1 - Belzner, Lenz A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Phan, Thomy ED - Kurkova, Vera ED - Manolopoulos, Yannis ED - Hammer, Barbara ED - Iliadis, Lazaros ED - Maglogiannis, Ilias T1 - Action markets in deep multi-agent reinforcement learning T2 - Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2018 : Proceedings, Part II UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01421-6_24 Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01421-6_24 SN - 978-3-030-01421-6 SN - 978-3-030-01420-9 SP - 240 EP - 249 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hahn, Carsten A1 - Phan, Thomy A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Belzner, Lenz A1 - Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia T1 - Emergent Escape-based Flocking behavior using Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning T2 - Artificial Life Conference Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00226 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00226 SP - 598 EP - 605 PB - MIT Press CY - Cambridge (MA) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sedlmeier, Andreas A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Phan, Thomy A1 - Belzner, Lenz T1 - Uncertainty-Based Out-of-Distribution Detection in Deep Reinforcement Learning JF - Digitale Welt UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s42354-019-0238-z Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s42354-019-0238-z SN - 2569-1996 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 74 EP - 78 PB - Digitale Welt Academy CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Illium, Steffen A1 - Mattausch, Andy A1 - Belzner, Lenz A1 - Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia T1 - Self-Replication in Neural Networks T2 - Artificial Life Conference Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00197 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00197 SP - 424 EP - 431 PB - MIT Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Phan, Thomy A1 - Belzner, Lenz A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Schmid, Kyrill T1 - Leveraging statistical multi-agent online planning with emergent value function approximation T2 - AAMAS '18: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems KW - multi-agent planning KW - online planning KW - value function approximation Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.ifaamas.org/Proceedings/aamas2018/forms/contents.htm#18 SN - 978-1-4503-5649-7 SN - 2523-5699 SP - 730 EP - 738 PB - International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems (IFAAMAS) CY - Richland ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Kiermeier, Marie A1 - Belzner, Lenz ED - Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia ED - Schneider, Ralf ED - Zaddach, Michael T1 - Don’t Lose Control, Stay up to Date BT - Automated Runtime Quality Engineering T2 - Digital Marketplaces Unleashed UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49275-8_55 Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49275-8_55 SN - 978-3-662-49275-8 SN - 978-3-662-49274-1 SP - 619 EP - 630 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Phan, Thomy A1 - Ritz, Fabian A1 - Belzner, Lenz A1 - Altmann, Philipp A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia T1 - VAST: Value Function Factorization with Variable Agent Sub-Teams T2 - Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 34 (NeurIPS 2021) KW - Multi-Agent Learning KW - Reinforcement Learning KW - Value Function Factorization Y1 - 2021 UR - https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2021/hash/c97e7a5153badb6576d8939469f58336-Abstract.html PB - Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, Inc. (NIPS) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Illium, Steffen A1 - Zorn, Maximilian A1 - Lenta, Cristian A1 - Mattausch, Andy A1 - Belzner, Lenz A1 - Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia T1 - Self-Replication in Neural Networks JF - Artificial Life UR - https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00359 KW - neural network KW - self-replication KW - artificial chemistry system KW - soup KW - weight space Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00359 SN - 1530-9185 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 205 EP - 223 PB - MIT Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Belzner, Lenz A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Wirsing, Martin ED - Steffen, Bernhard T1 - Large Language Model Assisted Software Engineering: Prospects, Challenges, and a Case Study T2 - Bridging the Gap Between AI and Reality: First International Conference, AISoLA 2023, Crete, Greece, October 23–28, 2023, Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46002-9_23 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46002-9_23 SN - 978-3-031-46002-9 SN - 978-3-031-46001-2 SP - 355 EP - 374 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER -