TY - JOUR A1 - Denk, Josef A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Huber, Otto T1 - Experimental and Numerical Analyses of the Lightweight Potential for Hybrid Thin-Walled Members JF - Materials Science Forum UR - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.825-826.732 Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.825-826.732 SN - 1662-9752 VL - 2015 IS - 825-826 SP - 732 EP - 740 PB - Trans Tech Publications CY - Pfaffikon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Huber, Otto A1 - Saage, Holger A1 - Steinmann, Paul A1 - Winter, Werner T1 - Mechanical behavior of a cellular composite under quasi-static, static, and cyclic compression loading JF - Journal of Materials Science UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6432-0 Y1 - 2012 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6432-0 SN - 1573-4803 VL - 47 IS - 15 SP - 5635 EP - 5645 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schlegel, Clemens A1 - Hösl, Andreas A1 - Diel, Sergej ED - Casella, Francesco T1 - Detailed Loss Modelling of Vehicle Gearboxes T2 - Proceedings of the 7th International Modelica Conference UR - https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp09430059 Y1 - 2009 UR - https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp09430059 SN - 978-91-7393-513-5 SP - 434 EP - 443 PB - University Electronic Press CY - Linköping ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Huber, Otto T1 - Static and Cyclic Damage Behavior of a Cellular Composite and its Application in a Sandwich Structure T2 - Proceeding of the 17th European Conference on Composite Materials: ECCM17 Y1 - 2016 UR - https://www.carbon-connected.de/Group/ECCM17.-.17th.European.Conference.on.Composite.Materials/3-SaT/Start/Accordion?perPage=10&page=28#21054 SN - 978-3-00-053387-7 PB - MAI Carbon Cluster Management CY - Augsburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Serifsoy, Murat A1 - Kießling, Andreas T1 - Betriebsfestigkeitsbewertung von Anbauteilen mit Hilfe einer dynamischen MKS-Simulation T2 - (R)Evolution des Antriebs - Auswirkung auf die Betriebsfestigkeit der Bauteile in der Wirkungskette Y1 - 2017 SN - 0944-5242 SP - 131 EP - 142 PB - DVM CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huber, Otto A1 - Diel, Sergej T1 - Design für Leichtbau und Nachhaltigkeit JF - Technik in Bayern: Nachrichten aus Technik, Naturwissenschaft und Wirtschaft: das Regionalmagazin für VDI und VDE Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.technik-in-bayern.de/mehr-technik/ingenieurskunst/design-fuer-leichtbau-und-nachhaltigkeit SN - 1610-6563 SN - 2195-9455 VL - 2022 IS - 1 SP - 14 EP - 15 PB - MuP Verlag GmbH CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vieweger, Daniel A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg A1 - Tetzlaff, Ulrich T1 - Mechanical Properties of Raw Filaments and Printed Specimens: Effects of Fiber Reinforcements and Process Parameters JF - Polymers N2 - Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a well-established manufacturing method for producing both prototype and functional components. This study investigates the mechanical properties of FDM components by material and process-related influencing variables. Tensile tests were conducted on seven different materials in their raw filament form, two of which were fiber-reinforced, to analyze their material-related influence. To cover a wide range from standard to advanced materials relevant for load-carrying components as well as their respective variations, polylactic acid (PLA), 30% wood-fiber-reinforced PLA, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), a blend of ABS and PC, Nylon, and 30% glass-fiber-reinforced Nylon were selected. The process-related influencing variables were studied using the following process parameters: layer thickness, nozzle diameter, build orientation, nozzle temperature, infill density and pattern, and raster angle. The first test series revealed that the addition of wood fibers significantly worsened the mechanical behavior of PLA due to the lack of fiber bonding to the matrix and significant pore formation. The polymer blend of ABS and PC only showed improvements in stiffness. Significant strength and stiffness improvements were found by embedding glass fibers in Nylon, despite partially poor fiber–matrix bonding. The materials with the best properties were selected for the process parameter analysis. When examining the impact of layer thickness on part strength, a clear correlation was evident. Smaller layer thicknesses resulted in higher strength, while stiffness did not appear to be affected. Conversely, larger nozzle diameters and lower nozzle temperatures only positively impacted stiffness, with little effect on strength. The part orientation did alter the fracture behavior of the test specimens. Although an on-edge orientation resulted in higher stiffness, it failed at lower stresses. Higher infill densities and infill patterns aligned with the load direction led to the best mechanical results. The raster angle had a significant impact on the behavior of the printed bodies. An alternating raster angle resulted in lower strengths and stiffness compared to a unidirectional raster angle. However, it also caused significant stretching due to the rotation of the beads. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16111576 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16111576 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-48595 SN - 2073-4360 VL - 16 IS - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Koch, Daniel A1 - Stein, Murillo A1 - de Abreu, Samuel Luna A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Characterization and modeling of the swelling behavior of a LiFePO4 pouch cell in multiple operating conditions T2 - 2024 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC63154.2024.10755252 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC63154.2024.10755252 SN - 979-8-3315-4160-6 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Huber, Otto T1 - A Continuum Damage Mechanics Model for the Static and Cyclic Fatigue of Cellular Composites JF - Materials N2 - The fatigue behavior of a cellular composite with an epoxy matrix and glass foam granules is analyzed and modeled by means of continuum damage mechanics. The investigated cellular composite is a particular type of composite foam, and is very similar to syntactic foams. In contrast to conventional syntactic foams constituted by hollow spherical particles (balloons), cellular glass, mineral, or metal place holders are combined with the matrix material (metal or polymer) in the case of cellular composites. A microstructural investigation of the damage behavior is performed using scanning electron microscopy. For the modeling of the fatigue behavior, the damage is separated into pure static and pure cyclic damage and described in terms of the stiffness loss of the material using damage models for cyclic and creep damage. Both models incorporate nonlinear accumulation and interaction of damage. A cycle jumping procedure is developed, which allows for a fast and accurate calculation of the damage evolution for constant load frequencies. The damage model is applied to examine the mean stress effect for cyclic fatigue and to investigate the frequency effect and the influence of the signal form in the case of static and cyclic damage interaction. The calculated lifetimes are in very good agreement with experimental results. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10080951 Y1 - 2017 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10080951 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-55785 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 10 IS - 8 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Huber, Otto ED - Clark, Graham ED - Wang, Chun H. T1 - Comparison of Tensile and Compressive Creep-Fatigue Damage Behavior of Cellular Composites JF - 11th International Fatigue Congress UR - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.891-892.633 Y1 - 2014 UR - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.891-892.633 SN - 9783038263890 SP - 633 EP - 638 PB - Trans Tech Publications CY - Dürnten ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Huber, Otto A1 - Steinmann, Paul A1 - Winter, Werner T1 - Design and validation of a new fixture for the shear testing of cellular solids JF - Archive of Applied Mechanics UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-013-0801-2 Y1 - 2013 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-013-0801-2 SN - 1432-0681 VL - 84 IS - 3 SP - 309 EP - 321 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rufino Júnior, Carlos Antônio A1 - Riva Sanseverino, Eleonora A1 - Gallo, Pierluigi A1 - Koch, Daniel A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Walter, Gero A1 - Trilla, Lluís A1 - Ferreira, Victor José A1 - Benveniste, Gabriela A1 - Kotak, Yash A1 - Eichman, Joshua A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg A1 - Zanin, Hudson T1 - Towards to Battery Digital Passport: Reviewing Regulations and Standards for Second-Life Batteries JF - Batteries N2 - Greenhouse gas emissions from transportation harm the environment. In response to these environmental concerns, numerous countries encourage the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) as a more environmentally friendly option than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. Advances in battery technology have made batteries an alternative solution for energy storage in stationary applications and for electric mobility. Reduced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) production costs due to economies of scale, electrode material and cell design developments, and manufacturing process improvements have driven this success. This trend is expected to increase the number of LIBs on the market that may be discarded in the environment at the end of their useful life if more sustainable alternatives are not technologically mature. This coming environmental concern can be mitigated by collecting wasted EV batteries, reconfiguring them, and reusing them for applications with less stringent weight, performance, and size requirements. This method would extend battery life and reduce environmental effects. The present work investigates the main regulatory structures of the second-life battery industry that require rules, technical standards, and laws. To achieve this objective, a systematic review was carried out following a strict protocol that includes identifying relevant studies, extracting data and information, evaluating, and summarizing information. This paper explains the primary rules and technical standards governing the second-life battery business. The findings highlight the need for universities, research institutions, and government agencies to evaluate the second-life battery industry objectively. This would enable the creation of new technological regulations and laws for this burgeoning industry. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10040115 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10040115 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-46455 SN - 2313-0105 VL - 10 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - INPR A1 - Rufino Júnior, Carlos Antônio A1 - Riva Sanseverino, Eleonora A1 - Gallo, Pierluigi A1 - Amaral, Murilo Machado A1 - Koch, Daniel A1 - Kotak, Yash A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Walter, Gero A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg A1 - Zanin, Hudson T1 - A Comprehensive Review of EV Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation N2 - Lithium-ion batteries with improved energy densities have made understanding the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) generation mechanisms that cause mechanical, thermal, and chemical failures more complicated. SEI processes reduce battery capacity and power. Thus, a review of this area's understanding is important. It is essential to know how batteries degrade in EVs to estimate battery lifespan as it goes, predict, and minimize losses, and determine the ideal time for a replacement. Lithium-ion batteries used in EVs mainly suffer two types of degradation: calendar degradation and cycling degradation. Despite the existence of several existing works in the literature, several aspects of battery degradation remain unclear or have not been analyzed in detail. This work presents a systematic review of existing works in the literature. The results of the present investigation provide insight into the complex relationships among various factors affecting battery degradation mechanisms. Specifically, this systematic review examined the effects of time, side reactions, temperature fluctuations, high charge/discharge rates, depth of discharge, mechanical stress, thermal stress, and the voltage relationship on battery performance and longevity. The results revealed that these factors interact in complex ways to influence the degradation mechanisms of batteries. For example, high charge currents and deep discharges were found to accelerate degradation, while low temperatures and moderate discharge depths were shown to be beneficial for battery longevity. Additionally, the results showed that the relationship between cell voltage and State-of-Charge (SOC) plays a critical role in determining the rate of degradation. Overall, these findings have important implications for the design and operation of battery systems, as they highlight the need to carefully manage a range of factors to maximize battery performance and longevity. The result is an analysis of the main articles published in this field in recent years. This work aims to present new knowledge about fault detection, diagnosis, and management of lithium-ion batteries based on battery degradation concepts. The new knowledge is presented and discussed in a structured and comprehensive way. UR - https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.0228.v2 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.0228.v2 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-58428 PB - Preprints CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hußenether, Thomas A1 - Rufino Júnior, Carlos Antônio A1 - Selaibe Pires, Tomás A1 - Mishra, Tarani A1 - Nahar, Jinesh A1 - Vaghani, Akash A1 - Polzer, Richard A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Analysis of the Measurement Uncertainties in the Characterization Tests of Lithium-Ion Cells JF - Energies N2 - The transition to renewable energy systems and electric mobility depends on the effectiveness, reliability, and durability of lithium-ion battery technology. Accurate modeling and control of battery systems are essential to ensure safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness in electric vehicles and grid storage. In engineering and materials science, battery models depend on physical parameters such as capacity, energy, state of charge (SOC), internal resistance, power, and self-discharge rate. These parameters are affected by measurement uncertainty. Despite the widespread use of lithium-ion cells, few studies quantify how measurement uncertainty propagates to derived battery parameters and affects predictive modeling. This study quantifies how uncertainty in voltage, current, and temperature measurements reduces the accuracy of derived parameters used for simulation and control. This work presents a comprehensive uncertainty analysis of 18650 format lithium-ion cells with nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes. It applies the law of error propagation to quantify uncertainty in key battery parameters. The main result shows that small variations in voltage, current, and temperature measurements can produce measurable deviations in internal resistance and SOC. These findings challenge the common assumption that such uncertainties are negligible in practice. The results also highlight a risk for battery management systems that rely on these parameters for control and diagnostics. The results show that propagated uncertainty depends on chemistry because of differences in voltage profiles, kinetic limitations, and temperature sensitivity. This observation informs cell selection and testing for specific applications. Improved quantification and control of measurement uncertainty can improve model calibration and reduce lifetime and cost risks in battery systems. These results support more robust diagnostic strategies and more defensible warranty thresholds. This study shows that battery testing and modeling should report and propagate measurement uncertainty explicitly. This is important for data-driven and physics-informed models used in industry and research. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en19030825 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en19030825 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66630 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 19 IS - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rufino Júnior, Carlos Antônio A1 - Riva Sanseverino, Eleonora A1 - Gallo, Pierluigi A1 - Amaral, Murilo Machado A1 - Koch, Daniel A1 - Kotak, Yash A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Walter, Gero A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg A1 - Zanin, Hudson T1 - Unraveling the Degradation Mechanisms of Lithium-Ion Batteries JF - Energies N2 - Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) usually present several degradation processes, which include their complex Solid-Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) formation process, which can result in mechanical, thermal, and chemical failures. The SEI layer is a protective layer that forms on the anode surface. The SEI layer allows the movement of lithium ions while blocking electrons, which is necessary to prevent short circuits in the battery and ensure safe operation. However, the SEI formation mechanisms reduce battery capacity and power as they consume electrolyte species, resulting in irreversible material loss. Furthermore, it is important to understand the degradation reactions of the LIBs used in Electric Vehicles (EVs), aiming to establish the battery lifespan, predict and minimise material losses, and establish an adequate time for replacement. Moreover, LIBs applied in EVs suffer from two main categories of degradation, which are, specifically, calendar degradation and cycling degradation. There are several studies about battery degradation available in the literature, including different degradation phenomena, but the degradation mechanisms of large-format LIBs have rarely been investigated. Therefore, this review aims to present a systematic review of the existing literature about LIB degradation, providing insight into the complex parameters that affect battery degradation mechanisms. Furthermore, this review has investigated the influence of time, C-rate, depth of discharge, working voltage window, thermal and mechanical stresses, and side reactions in the degradation of LIBs. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143372 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143372 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-49089 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 17 IS - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walter, Gero A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Rufino Júnior, Carlos Antônio A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg A1 - Valente de Bessa, Iury A1 - Mallmann, Maíra A1 - Kirsten Vidal de Oliveira, Aline A1 - Odilio Dos Santos, Daniel A1 - Rüther, Ricardo T1 - Operating Behavior of a Photovoltaic-driven Electrolysis System JF - Revista Brasileira de Energia Solar UR - https://doi.org/10.59627/rbens.2024v15i1.456 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.59627/rbens.2024v15i1.456 SN - 2526-2831 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 82 EP - 92 PB - ABENS CY - São Paulo ER -