TY - CHAP A1 - Nachtsheim, Martin A1 - Grund, Karina A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Kennel, Ralph T1 - Online Identification of Induction Machine Parameter Deviations for Aging Detection - A Comparative Study Using Recursive Least Squares Algorithm and Extended Kalman Filter T2 - 2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186964 KW - Induction Machine KW - Online Parameter Identification KW - Extended Kalman Filter KW - Recursive Least Squares Algorithm KW - Aging Detection Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186964 SN - 979-8-3503-9742-0 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Azzam, Mohamed A1 - Ehrensberger, Moritz A1 - Scheuer, Reinhard A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Lewerenz, Meinert T1 - Long-Term Self-Discharge Measurements and Modelling for Various Cell Types and Cell Potentials JF - Energies N2 - Self-discharge of lithium-ion cells leads to voltage decay over time. In this work, the self-discharge was measured at 30 °C for three cell types at various voltage levels for about 150 days in a constant voltage mode determining the current at a high precision (float current). All cells exhibit a transient part leading to a steady-state, which is no longer influenced by reversible effects. To study the effect of the check-ups on the steady-state float current, the cells, interrupted and not interrupted by check-ups, were compared. The results indicate that both the transient processes and steady-state currents are highly reproducible. In the first period of the float current, the polarization dominates the measured current, followed by the anode overhang effect dominating the process for a period of 5–30 days. After the decline of both processes, a mostly constant steady-state in the order of µA is observed. The check-up interruption generally shows no apparent effect on the reached steady-state and results only in an extended settling time. A model to simulate the transient process and steady-state of float currents was developed. The model shows a high accuracy in reproducing the results and identifying the time needed to reach the steady-state. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093889 KW - 18650 KW - NCA KW - NMC KW - LFP KW - graphite KW - float current analysis KW - potentiostatic hold KW - self-discharge rate KW - modelling KW - filtering KW - anode overhang Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093889 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-36693 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 16 IS - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Terbrack, Christoph A1 - Stöttner, Julia A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Operation of an externally excited synchronous machine with a hybrid multilevel inverter T2 - 2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'20 ECCE Europe) UR - https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE20ECCEEurope43536.2020.9215895 KW - AC machine KW - Batteries KW - Converter circuit KW - Electrical drive KW - Electrical machine KW - High voltage power converters KW - Multilevel converters KW - Power converters for EV KW - Synchronous motor Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE20ECCEEurope43536.2020.9215895 SN - 978-9-0758-1536-8 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Liebhart, Bernhard A1 - Diehl, Simon A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Sensitivity analysis of battery cell aging estimators based on impedance spectroscopy regarding temperature compensation T2 - IEEE CCTA 2020, 4th IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/CCTA41146.2020.9206395 KW - sensitivity analysis KW - impedance spectroscopy KW - temperature compensation KW - battery management systems KW - multiple lithium-ion cells KW - battery cell aging estimators KW - on board electric vehicles Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/CCTA41146.2020.9206395 SN - 978-1-7281-7140-1 SP - 699 EP - 705 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Müller, Tino A1 - Vögele, Ulrich A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Disturbance compensation for iterative control of suspension durability test rigs T2 - 2016 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2016.7577011 KW - testing KW - predictive models KW - vehicles KW - axles KW - inverse problems KW - actuators KW - optimal control Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2016.7577011 SN - 978-1-5090-2065-2 SP - 1675 EP - 1681 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Tino A1 - Ziegmann, Johannes A1 - Krüner, Simon A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Optimization of inverse model identification for multi-axial test rig control JF - MATEC Web of Conferences N2 - Laboratory testing of multi-axial fatigue situations improves repeatability and allows a time condensing of tests which can be carried out until component failure, compared to field testing. To achieve realistic and convincing durability results, precise load data reconstruction is necessary. Cross-talk and a high number of degrees of freedom negatively affect the control accuracy. Therefore a multiple input/multiple output (MIMO) model of the system, capturing all inherent cross-couplings is identified. In a first step the model order is estimated based on the physical fundamentals of a one channel hydraulic-servo system. Subsequently, the structure of the MIMO model is optimized using correlation of the outputs, to increase control stability and reduce complexity of the parameter optimization. The identification process is successfully applied to the iterative control of a multi-axial suspension rig. The results show accurate control, with increased stability compared to control without structure optimization. UR - https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20164201002 Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20164201002 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-16314 SN - 2261-236X VL - 2016 IS - 42 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altmannshofer, Simon A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Martin, Jan A1 - Gerngroß, Martin A1 - Limbacher, Reimund T1 - Robust estimation of vehicle longitudinal dynamics parameters T2 - 2016 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2016.7535443 KW - vehicles KW - brakes KW - estimation KW - resistance KW - robustness KW - vehicle dynamics KW - friction Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2016.7535443 SN - 978-1-5090-1821-5 SP - 566 EP - 571 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altmannshofer, Simon A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Robust Vehicle Mass and Driving Resistance Estimation T2 - 2016 American Control Conference (ACC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACC.2016.7526754 KW - parameter estimation KW - vehicle dynamics Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACC.2016.7526754 SN - 978-1-4673-8682-1 SN - 2378-5861 SP - 6869 EP - 6874 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altmannshofer, Simon A1 - Martin, Jan A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Robuste, onlinefähige Schätzung von Fahrzeugmasse und Fahrwiderständen T2 - Autoreg 2015: auf dem Weg zum automatisierten Fahren Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-18-092233-1 SP - 29 EP - 36 PB - VDI Verlag CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vögele, Ulrich A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Potential analysis of predictive optimal velocity control for electric and conventional vehicles T2 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2015.7396917 KW - Dynamic Programming KW - Deterministic Discrete Systems KW - Electric Mobility KW - Vehicle Fuel Consumption Reduction KW - Ford-Bellman KW - Dijkstra KW - Shortest-Path KW - Directed Acyclic Graphs Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2015.7396917 SN - 978-1-4673-9114-6 SP - 196 EP - 201 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Martin, Jan A1 - Vögele, Ulrich A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Effects of errors in position- and navigation data on predictive vehicle operational strategy optimization T2 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2015.7396916 KW - car technologies KW - predictive operational strategy KW - look-ahead data KW - optimization Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2015.7396916 SN - 978-1-4673-9114-6 SP - 190 EP - 195 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stenzel, Peer A1 - Richnow, Jan A1 - Franke, Jörg A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Impact of the needle winding technology on the operational behavior of an asynchronous machine T2 - 2015 5th International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2015.7323193 KW - Windings KW - Inductance KW - Stator windings KW - Rotors KW - Needles KW - Stator cores Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2015.7323193 SN - 978-1-4673-7512-2 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Járdán, Rafael K. A1 - Varga, Zoltán A1 - Stumpf, Péter A1 - Nagy, Istvan A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Sipos, Péter A1 - Simon, Miklós T1 - Development of a Dedicated Laboratory System for Measurement of Iron Losses in High Speed PMSM T2 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2015.7125181 KW - Permanent magnet machine KW - Loss measurement KW - High speed drives Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2015.7125181 SN - 978-1-4799-7800-7 SP - 708 EP - 713 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stenzel, Peer A1 - Dollinger, P. A1 - Richnow, Jan A1 - Bader, T. A1 - Franke, Jörg A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Experimental investigations of the needle winding technology regarding the influence of the wire guide geometry on the tensile wire force T2 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2015.7125487 Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2015.7125487 SN - 978-1-4799-7800-7 SP - 2642 EP - 2649 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stenzel, Peer A1 - Dollinger, P. A1 - Mihajlovic, D. A1 - Richnow, Jan A1 - Franke, Jörg A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Needle winding for distributed round-wire-windings without the use of insulation disks T2 - Proceedings: 2014 4th International Electric Drives Production Conference (E|DPC) UR - http://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2014.6984387 KW - machine windings KW - needles KW - traction motor drives Y1 - 2014 UR - http://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2014.6984387 SN - 978-1-4799-5009-6 SN - 978-1-4799-5008-9 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Richnow, Jan A1 - Stenzel, Peer A1 - Renner, A. A1 - Gerling, D. A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Influence of different impregnation methods and resins on thermal behavior and lifetime of electrical stators T2 - Proceedings: 2014 4th International Electric Drives Production Conference (E|DPC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2014.6984406 KW - electrical insulation KW - stator KW - impregnation KW - resin KW - thermal behavior KW - lifetime Y1 - 2014 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2014.6984406 SN - 978-1-4799-5009-6 SN - 978-1-4799-5008-9 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nachtsheim, Martin A1 - Betz, Michael A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Explicit analytical approach for electromagnetic modeling of arbitrary pole pair induction machines T2 - 2022 12th International Conference on Power, Energy and Electrical Engineering (CPEEE) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEEE54404.2022.9738660 KW - induction machine KW - induction motor KW - analytical model KW - magnetic saturation KW - iron losses Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEEE54404.2022.9738660 SN - 978-1-6654-2049-5 SP - 41 EP - 48 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Dominik A1 - Liebhart, Bernhard A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Kennel, Ralph T1 - Enhanced state and parameter estimation within reconfigurable battery systems for electric vehicles T2 - 2022 12th International Conference on Power, Energy and Electrical Engineering (CPEEE) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEEE54404.2022.9738700 KW - state estimation KW - battery management system KW - reconfigurable battery systems KW - power electronics Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEEE54404.2022.9738700 SN - 978-1-6654-2049-5 SP - 71 EP - 77 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Theiler, Michael A1 - Schneider, Dominik A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Experimental Investigation of State and Parameter Estimation within Reconfigurable Battery Systems JF - Batteries N2 - The battery system is one of the most-important, but also -critical components in the electric power-train. The battery’s system states and parameters are commonly tracked by the battery monitoring system. However, in reality, the accuracy of the state and parameter estimation may suffer from insufficient excitation of the system. Since the current states and parameters serve as the basis for many battery management system functions, this might lead to incorrect operation and severe damage. Reconfigurable battery systems allow enhancing the system’s excitation by applying a switching operation. In this contribution, the state and parameter estimation of a reconfigurable battery module were simulated and tested experimentally. Thereby, a low-exciting and a high-exciting drive cycle were compared. Furthermore, the switching patterns were applied to enhance the excitation and, hence, improve the estimation of an extended Kalman filter. The cells were switched via a pulse-width modulation signal, and the influence of frequency and duty cycle variation on the estimation accuracy were investigated. Compared to the low-excitation input, a significant improvement in the estimation of up to 46% for the state of charge and 78% for the internal resistance were achieved. Hereby, low frequencies and duty cycles proved to be particularly advantageous. Switching, however, has only a limited influence on an already highly excited system and may lead to additional aging due to higher heat generation. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9030145 KW - battery model KW - Kalman filter KW - joint estimation KW - reconfigurable battery systems KW - state estimation KW - parameter estimation Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9030145 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-31110 SN - 2313-0105 VL - 9 IS - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nachtsheim, Martin A1 - Ernst, Johannes A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Kennel, Ralph T1 - Performance of Recursive Least Squares Algorithm Configurations for Online Parameter Identification of Induction Machines in an Automotive Environment JF - IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2023.3244619 KW - parameter estimation KW - induction machine KW - power system identification KW - road vehicle electric propulsion KW - fault diagnosis Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2023.3244619 SN - 2332-7782 VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 4236 EP - 4254 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER -