TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Markus A1 - Gerngroß, Martin A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - A Test Bench Concept and Method for Image-Based Modeling of Geometric Wire Bending Behavior in Needle Winding Processes T2 - 2022 IEEE 31st International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE51582.2022.9831494 KW - wire forming KW - manufacturing KW - computer vision KW - machine vision KW - image processing KW - curve fitting KW - splines Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE51582.2022.9831494 SN - 978-1-6654-8240-0 SN - 2163-5145 SP - 1113 EP - 1120 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nachtsheim, Martin A1 - Korkmaz, Luetfue A1 - Schmoelz, Martin A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Observability Analysis for Parameter Identification of Induction Machines in Automotive Environment T2 - 2022 IEEE 31st International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE51582.2022.9831658 KW - observability KW - induction machine KW - parameter identification KW - extended Kalman Filter Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE51582.2022.9831658 SN - 978-1-6654-8240-0 SN - 2163-5145 SP - 206 EP - 213 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stöttner, Julia A1 - Rauscher, Andreas A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Pareto optimization of multilevel inverter structures regarding the DC magnitude, switching frequency and switching angles JF - International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108259 KW - Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) KW - Electric vehicle (EV) KW - Multilevel inverter (MLI) KW - Pareto optimization (PO) Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108259 SN - 0142-0615 VL - 2022 IS - 142, Part A PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Terbrack, Christoph A1 - Stöttner, Julia A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Design and Validation of the Parallel Enhanced Commutation Integrated Nested Multilevel Inverter Topology JF - IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2022.3183859 KW - drivetrain KW - enhanced commutation integrated nested (ECIN) KW - electric vehicles KW - modular multilevel converter (MMLC) KW - parallel enhanced commutation integrated nested (PECIN) KW - power electronics Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2022.3183859 SN - 1941-0107 VL - 37 IS - 12 SP - 15163 EP - 15174 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauscher, Andreas A1 - Hufnagel, Manuel A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Pareto optimization of wavelet filter design for partial discharge detection in electrical machines JF - Measurement N2 - A reliable detection of partial discharges (PDs) in the insulation system of electrical machines is essential to prevent premature breakdowns. Wavelet filters (WFs) are often recommended for denoising this PD measurement data. However, filtering performance strongly depends on numerous settings, which impedes an optimum filter choice. We propose an approach to systematically select the best filter for denoising PD signals. First, representative PD pulses are determined from measurement data by an averaging and a singular value decomposition method. Next, realistic benchmark signals are generated for filter assessment. Further, all possible WF combinations from a set of different mother wavelet selection methods, decomposition trees, and thresholding approaches are evaluated. On the basis of two contradicting objectives, namely mean square error of noise intervals and pulse amplitude distortion, Pareto optimization is applied to choose optimal WF settings. The corresponding filters dominate several common WF proposals from previous literature. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2022.112163 KW - Pareto optimization KW - Wavelet filter KW - Denoising KW - Ultra high frequency KW - Partial discharge KW - Electrical machine Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2022.112163 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-30673 SN - 1873-412X SN - 0263-2241 VL - 2022 IS - 205 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kleiner, Jan A1 - Lambauer, Florian A1 - Singh, Randeep A1 - Komsiyska, Lidiya A1 - Hinterberger, Michael A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Experimental study of cell integrated heat pipe cooling with a lithium-ion cell emulator JF - Journal of Energy Storage UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.105808 Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.105808 SN - 2352-1538 SN - 2352-152X VL - 2022 IS - 56, Part A PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmid, Michael A1 - Liebhart, Bernhard A1 - Kleiner, Jan A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Kennel, Ralph T1 - Online Detection of Soft Internal Short Circuits in Lithium-Ion Battery Packs by Data-Driven Cell Voltage Monitoring T2 - Proceedings of the Energy Conversion Congress & Exposition - Asia, 2021 (ECCE-Asia 2021) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-Asia49820.2021.9479175 KW - Internal Short Circuit KW - Fault Diagnosis KW - Lithium-Ion Battery KW - Battery Safety KW - Electric Vehicle Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-Asia49820.2021.9479175 SN - 978-1-7281-6344-4 SN - 2150-6086 SP - 1711 EP - 1718 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway (NJ) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morales Torricos, Pablo A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Lewerenz, Meinert T1 - Apparent Aging during Accelerated Cycling Aging Test of Cylindrical Silicon Containing Li-Ion Cells JF - Batteries N2 - Accelerated cyclic aging tests are very important for research and industry to quickly characterize lithium-ion cells. However, the accentuation of stress factors and the elimination of rest periods lead to an apparent capacity fade, that can be subsequently recovered during a resting phase. This effect is attributed to the inhomogeneous lithium distribution in the anode and is observable with differential voltage analysis (DVA). We tested cylindrical 18,650 cells with Li(NixCoyAlz)O2-graphite/silicon chemistry during two cycling and resting phases. The capacity, the pulse resistance, the DVA, and the capacity difference analysis are evaluated for cells cycled at different average SOC and current rates. An apparent capacity loss of up to 12% was reported after 200 FCE for cells cycled under the presence of pressure gradients, while only 1% were at low-pressure gradients. The subsequent recovery was up to 80% of the apparent capacity loss in some cases. The impact of silicon cannot be estimated as it shows no features in the dV/dQ curves. We observe a recovery of apparent resistance increase, which is not reported for cells with pure graphite anodes. Finally, we demonstrate the strong impact of apparent aging for the lifetime prediction based on standard accelerated cyclic aging tests. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9040230 KW - aging KW - lifetime prognosis KW - cycle life KW - NCA KW - silicon KW - mechanical stress KW - homogeneity of lithium distribution KW - capacity recovery Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9040230 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-35477 SN - 2313-0105 VL - 9 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lechermann, Lorenz A1 - Kleiner, Jan A1 - Komsiyska, Lidiya A1 - Hinterberger, Michael A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - A comparative study of data-driven electro-thermal models for reconfigurable lithium-ion batteries in real-time applications JF - Journal of Energy Storage UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.107188 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.107188 SN - 2352-1538 SN - 2352-152X VL - 2023 IS - 65 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Terbrack, Christoph A1 - Speer, Sascha A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Control and Implementation of the Parallel Enhanced Commutation Integrated Nested Multilevel Inverter Topology JF - Electronics N2 - Due to their high efficiency and advanced battery management capability, cascaded multilevel inverters are an exciting option for battery electric powertrains. A promising, new and highly efficient cascaded multilevel inverter is the Parallel Enhanced Commutation Integrated Nested Multilevel Inverter. The inverter, with four semiconductor switches per submodule, can reconfigure individual battery cells in series and parallel and generate positive and negative phase voltages in regular four-quadrant operation. Therefore, emerging degrees of freedom in battery management and inverter operation must be managed and mapped into a specific Switching State for every switch. As controlling the high number of switches is safety-relevant, this publication profoundly explains the inverter’s functionality. We introduce a Switching Function that accepts easy-to-understand functional states as input, simplifying research on higher-level control algorithms and advanced single-cell battery-management capabilities. As the Switching Function guarantees safe operation and the correct contribution of every cell to the overall functionality of the inverter, it enables researchers to confidently use and thereby accelerate research on the promising new topology. The method we describe is fast, simple, deterministic and designed to convert setpoint specifications into an executable Switching Pattern. We prove that our Switching Function is operable on an FPGA with a twenty-kilohertz setpoint update operating a 17-level inverter. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12143130 KW - cascaded KW - drivetrain KW - electric vehicles KW - MLI KW - PECIN KW - power electronics KW - reconfigurable battery system KW - Switching Function Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12143130 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-37990 SN - 2079-9292 VL - 12 IS - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nachtsheim, Martin A1 - Grund, Karina A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Kennel, Ralph T1 - Online Identification of Induction Machine Parameter Deviations for Aging Detection - A Comparative Study Using Recursive Least Squares Algorithm and Extended Kalman Filter T2 - 2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186964 KW - Induction Machine KW - Online Parameter Identification KW - Extended Kalman Filter KW - Recursive Least Squares Algorithm KW - Aging Detection Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186964 SN - 979-8-3503-9742-0 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Azzam, Mohamed A1 - Ehrensberger, Moritz A1 - Scheuer, Reinhard A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Lewerenz, Meinert T1 - Long-Term Self-Discharge Measurements and Modelling for Various Cell Types and Cell Potentials JF - Energies N2 - Self-discharge of lithium-ion cells leads to voltage decay over time. In this work, the self-discharge was measured at 30 °C for three cell types at various voltage levels for about 150 days in a constant voltage mode determining the current at a high precision (float current). All cells exhibit a transient part leading to a steady-state, which is no longer influenced by reversible effects. To study the effect of the check-ups on the steady-state float current, the cells, interrupted and not interrupted by check-ups, were compared. The results indicate that both the transient processes and steady-state currents are highly reproducible. In the first period of the float current, the polarization dominates the measured current, followed by the anode overhang effect dominating the process for a period of 5–30 days. After the decline of both processes, a mostly constant steady-state in the order of µA is observed. The check-up interruption generally shows no apparent effect on the reached steady-state and results only in an extended settling time. A model to simulate the transient process and steady-state of float currents was developed. The model shows a high accuracy in reproducing the results and identifying the time needed to reach the steady-state. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093889 KW - 18650 KW - NCA KW - NMC KW - LFP KW - graphite KW - float current analysis KW - potentiostatic hold KW - self-discharge rate KW - modelling KW - filtering KW - anode overhang Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093889 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-36693 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 16 IS - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Terbrack, Christoph A1 - Stöttner, Julia A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Operation of an externally excited synchronous machine with a hybrid multilevel inverter T2 - 2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'20 ECCE Europe) UR - https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE20ECCEEurope43536.2020.9215895 KW - AC machine KW - Batteries KW - Converter circuit KW - Electrical drive KW - Electrical machine KW - High voltage power converters KW - Multilevel converters KW - Power converters for EV KW - Synchronous motor Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE20ECCEEurope43536.2020.9215895 SN - 978-9-0758-1536-8 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Liebhart, Bernhard A1 - Diehl, Simon A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Sensitivity analysis of battery cell aging estimators based on impedance spectroscopy regarding temperature compensation T2 - IEEE CCTA 2020, 4th IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/CCTA41146.2020.9206395 KW - sensitivity analysis KW - impedance spectroscopy KW - temperature compensation KW - battery management systems KW - multiple lithium-ion cells KW - battery cell aging estimators KW - on board electric vehicles Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/CCTA41146.2020.9206395 SN - 978-1-7281-7140-1 SP - 699 EP - 705 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Müller, Tino A1 - Vögele, Ulrich A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Disturbance compensation for iterative control of suspension durability test rigs T2 - 2016 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2016.7577011 KW - testing KW - predictive models KW - vehicles KW - axles KW - inverse problems KW - actuators KW - optimal control Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2016.7577011 SN - 978-1-5090-2065-2 SP - 1675 EP - 1681 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Tino A1 - Ziegmann, Johannes A1 - Krüner, Simon A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Optimization of inverse model identification for multi-axial test rig control JF - MATEC Web of Conferences N2 - Laboratory testing of multi-axial fatigue situations improves repeatability and allows a time condensing of tests which can be carried out until component failure, compared to field testing. To achieve realistic and convincing durability results, precise load data reconstruction is necessary. Cross-talk and a high number of degrees of freedom negatively affect the control accuracy. Therefore a multiple input/multiple output (MIMO) model of the system, capturing all inherent cross-couplings is identified. In a first step the model order is estimated based on the physical fundamentals of a one channel hydraulic-servo system. Subsequently, the structure of the MIMO model is optimized using correlation of the outputs, to increase control stability and reduce complexity of the parameter optimization. The identification process is successfully applied to the iterative control of a multi-axial suspension rig. The results show accurate control, with increased stability compared to control without structure optimization. UR - https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20164201002 Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20164201002 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-16314 SN - 2261-236X VL - 2016 IS - 42 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altmannshofer, Simon A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Martin, Jan A1 - Gerngroß, Martin A1 - Limbacher, Reimund T1 - Robust estimation of vehicle longitudinal dynamics parameters T2 - 2016 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2016.7535443 KW - vehicles KW - brakes KW - estimation KW - resistance KW - robustness KW - vehicle dynamics KW - friction Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2016.7535443 SN - 978-1-5090-1821-5 SP - 566 EP - 571 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altmannshofer, Simon A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Robust Vehicle Mass and Driving Resistance Estimation T2 - 2016 American Control Conference (ACC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACC.2016.7526754 KW - parameter estimation KW - vehicle dynamics Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACC.2016.7526754 SN - 978-1-4673-8682-1 SN - 2378-5861 SP - 6869 EP - 6874 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altmannshofer, Simon A1 - Martin, Jan A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Robuste, onlinefähige Schätzung von Fahrzeugmasse und Fahrwiderständen T2 - Autoreg 2015: auf dem Weg zum automatisierten Fahren Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-18-092233-1 SP - 29 EP - 36 PB - VDI Verlag CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vögele, Ulrich A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Potential analysis of predictive optimal velocity control for electric and conventional vehicles T2 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2015.7396917 KW - Dynamic Programming KW - Deterministic Discrete Systems KW - Electric Mobility KW - Vehicle Fuel Consumption Reduction KW - Ford-Bellman KW - Dijkstra KW - Shortest-Path KW - Directed Acyclic Graphs Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2015.7396917 SN - 978-1-4673-9114-6 SP - 196 EP - 201 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Martin, Jan A1 - Vögele, Ulrich A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Effects of errors in position- and navigation data on predictive vehicle operational strategy optimization T2 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2015.7396916 KW - car technologies KW - predictive operational strategy KW - look-ahead data KW - optimization Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2015.7396916 SN - 978-1-4673-9114-6 SP - 190 EP - 195 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stenzel, Peer A1 - Richnow, Jan A1 - Franke, Jörg A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Impact of the needle winding technology on the operational behavior of an asynchronous machine T2 - 2015 5th International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2015.7323193 KW - Windings KW - Inductance KW - Stator windings KW - Rotors KW - Needles KW - Stator cores Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2015.7323193 SN - 978-1-4673-7512-2 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Járdán, Rafael K. A1 - Varga, Zoltán A1 - Stumpf, Péter A1 - Nagy, Istvan A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Sipos, Péter A1 - Simon, Miklós T1 - Development of a Dedicated Laboratory System for Measurement of Iron Losses in High Speed PMSM T2 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2015.7125181 KW - Permanent magnet machine KW - Loss measurement KW - High speed drives Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2015.7125181 SN - 978-1-4799-7800-7 SP - 708 EP - 713 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stenzel, Peer A1 - Dollinger, P. A1 - Richnow, Jan A1 - Bader, T. A1 - Franke, Jörg A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Experimental investigations of the needle winding technology regarding the influence of the wire guide geometry on the tensile wire force T2 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2015.7125487 Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2015.7125487 SN - 978-1-4799-7800-7 SP - 2642 EP - 2649 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stenzel, Peer A1 - Dollinger, P. A1 - Mihajlovic, D. A1 - Richnow, Jan A1 - Franke, Jörg A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Needle winding for distributed round-wire-windings without the use of insulation disks T2 - Proceedings: 2014 4th International Electric Drives Production Conference (E|DPC) UR - http://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2014.6984387 KW - machine windings KW - needles KW - traction motor drives Y1 - 2014 UR - http://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2014.6984387 SN - 978-1-4799-5009-6 SN - 978-1-4799-5008-9 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER -