TY - CHAP A1 - Altmannshofer, Simon A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Trieu, Khanh Duy T1 - On-line identification and identifiability analysis of electrical and mechanical parameters of induction machines T2 - 2017 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2017.8014079 KW - Rotors KW - Estimation KW - Induction machines KW - Stators KW - Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions KW - Mathematical model KW - Inductance Y1 - 2017 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2017.8014079 SN - 978-1-5090-6000-9 SN - 2159-6255 SP - 577 EP - 583 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Müller, Tino A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - An estimation based iterative learning control approach for cross-coupled vehicle test systems T2 - 2017 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2017.8014210 KW - Convergence KW - Testing KW - Control systems KW - Estimation KW - Iterative learning control KW - Load modeling KW - Adaptation models Y1 - 2017 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2017.8014210 SN - 978-1-5090-6000-9 SN - 978-1-5090-5998-0 SN - 2159-6255 SP - 1375 EP - 1381 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ziegmann, Johannes A1 - Shi, Jieqing A1 - Schnörer, Tobias A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Analysis of individual driver velocity prediction using data-driven driver models with environmental features T2 - 2017 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2017.7995770 KW - vehicles KW - predictive models KW - training KW - prediction algorithms KW - kernel KW - navigation KW - biological system modeling Y1 - 2017 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2017.7995770 SN - 978-1-5090-4804-5 SP - 517 EP - 522 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vögele, Ulrich A1 - Ziegmann, Johannes A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Driver adaptive predictive velocity control T2 - 2017 IEEE 20th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2017.8317668 KW - Predictive Velocity Control KW - Longitudinal Vehicle Control KW - Driver Adpative KW - Multi-Criteria Optimization Y1 - 2017 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2017.8317668 SN - 978-1-5386-1526-3 SN - 2153-0017 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herrmann, Patrick A1 - Gerngroß, Martin A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Stenzel, Peer A1 - Uhlmann, Philipp T1 - Automated contacting technology for needle winding applications with distributed windings T2 - 2017 7th International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC) Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2017.8328169 KW - Contacting Technology KW - Joining Technology KW - Automation KW - Resistance Welding KW - Distributed Winding KW - Needle Winding Y1 - 2017 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2017.8328169 SN - 978-1-5386-1069-5 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herrmann, Patrick A1 - Gerngroß, Martin A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - NURBS based trajectory generation for an industrial five axis needle winding robot T2 - Conference Proceedings of 2018 4th International Conference on Control, Automation and Robotics (ICCAR) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAR.2018.8384640 KW - needle winding KW - trajectory planning KW - constant feed rate KW - NURBS KW - smooth path planning Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAR.2018.8384640 SN - 978-1-5386-6338-7 SP - 31 EP - 36 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Leitner, Lukas A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Robust stochastic process models and parameter estimation for industrial end-of-line-testing T2 - Proceedings: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2018.8352406 KW - Testing KW - Robustness KW - Production KW - Stochastic processes KW - Feature extraction KW - Training KW - Current measurement Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2018.8352406 SN - 978-1-5090-5949-2 SP - 1520 EP - 1525 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Liebhart, Bernhard A1 - Diehl, Simon A1 - Schneider, Dominik A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Kennel, Ralph T1 - Enhancing the Cell Impedance Estimation of a Lithium-Ion Battery System with Embedded Power Path Switches T2 - APEC 2021: Thirty-Sixth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC42165.2021.9487173 KW - Reconfigurable Battery System KW - Impedance Spectroscopy KW - Power MOSFET KW - Pseudorandom Binary Sequence Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC42165.2021.9487173 SN - 978-1-7281-8949-9 SN - 2470-6647 SP - 967 EP - 974 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kleiner, Jan A1 - Heider, Alexander A1 - Komsiyska, Lidiya A1 - Elger, Gordon A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Experimental Study on the Thermal Interactions in Novel Intelligent Lithium-Ion Modules for Electric Vehicles T2 - Proceedings of the Twentieth InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems: ITherm 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITherm51669.2021.9503299 KW - Intelligent battery KW - Lithium-ion KW - Reconfiguration KW - Cooling KW - Thermal management KW - Parallel connection Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITherm51669.2021.9503299 SN - 978-1-7281-8539-2 SN - 2694-2135 SP - 556 EP - 562 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Liebhart, Bernhard A1 - Diehl, Simon A1 - Schmid, Michael A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Kennel, Ralph T1 - Improved Impedance Measurements for Electric Vehicles with Reconfigurable Battery Systems T2 - Proceedings of the Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition – Asia, 2021 (ECCE Asia 2021) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-Asia49820.2021.9479060 KW - Reconfigurable Battery System KW - Impedance Spectroscopy KW - Power MOSFET KW - Artificial Neural Network Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-Asia49820.2021.9479060 SN - 978-1-7281-6344-4 SN - 2150-6086 SP - 1736 EP - 1742 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herrmann, Patrick A1 - Gerngroß, Martin A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Benefits of numerical optimization and CAD/CAM in needle winding processes T2 - Proceedings, 2019 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMECH.2019.8722940 KW - needle winding technology KW - trajectory planning KW - automated trajectory generation KW - CAD/CAM KW - numerical optimization Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMECH.2019.8722940 SN - 978-1-5386-6959-4 SP - 301 EP - 307 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Okon, Michael A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - On air-gap approximations for slotted electrical machine models assuming radial magnetic fields T2 - Proceedings, 2019 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2019.8755196 KW - electrical machine modeling KW - radial air-gap magnetic field KW - magnetically effective air-gap KW - slotting effects Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2019.8755196 SN - 978-1-5386-6376-9 SP - 292 EP - 297 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerngroß, Martin A1 - Herrmann, Patrick A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Nonlinear modelling of dynamic wire tension for needle winding processes of distributed windings T2 - Proceedings, 2019 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2019.8755052 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2019.8755052 SN - 978-1-5386-6376-9 SP - 151 EP - 156 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohler, Markus A1 - Gerngroß, Martin A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - A Test Bench Concept and Method for Image-Based Modeling of Geometric Wire Bending Behavior in Needle Winding Processes T2 - 2022 IEEE 31st International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE51582.2022.9831494 KW - wire forming KW - manufacturing KW - computer vision KW - machine vision KW - image processing KW - curve fitting KW - splines Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE51582.2022.9831494 SN - 978-1-6654-8240-0 SN - 2163-5145 SP - 1113 EP - 1120 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nachtsheim, Martin A1 - Korkmaz, Luetfue A1 - Schmoelz, Martin A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Observability Analysis for Parameter Identification of Induction Machines in Automotive Environment T2 - 2022 IEEE 31st International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE51582.2022.9831658 KW - observability KW - induction machine KW - parameter identification KW - extended Kalman Filter Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE51582.2022.9831658 SN - 978-1-6654-8240-0 SN - 2163-5145 SP - 206 EP - 213 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stöttner, Julia A1 - Rauscher, Andreas A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Pareto optimization of multilevel inverter structures regarding the DC magnitude, switching frequency and switching angles JF - International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108259 KW - Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) KW - Electric vehicle (EV) KW - Multilevel inverter (MLI) KW - Pareto optimization (PO) Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108259 SN - 0142-0615 VL - 2022 IS - 142, Part A PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Terbrack, Christoph A1 - Stöttner, Julia A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Design and Validation of the Parallel Enhanced Commutation Integrated Nested Multilevel Inverter Topology JF - IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2022.3183859 KW - drivetrain KW - enhanced commutation integrated nested (ECIN) KW - electric vehicles KW - modular multilevel converter (MMLC) KW - parallel enhanced commutation integrated nested (PECIN) KW - power electronics Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2022.3183859 SN - 1941-0107 VL - 37 IS - 12 SP - 15163 EP - 15174 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauscher, Andreas A1 - Hufnagel, Manuel A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Pareto optimization of wavelet filter design for partial discharge detection in electrical machines JF - Measurement N2 - A reliable detection of partial discharges (PDs) in the insulation system of electrical machines is essential to prevent premature breakdowns. Wavelet filters (WFs) are often recommended for denoising this PD measurement data. However, filtering performance strongly depends on numerous settings, which impedes an optimum filter choice. We propose an approach to systematically select the best filter for denoising PD signals. First, representative PD pulses are determined from measurement data by an averaging and a singular value decomposition method. Next, realistic benchmark signals are generated for filter assessment. Further, all possible WF combinations from a set of different mother wavelet selection methods, decomposition trees, and thresholding approaches are evaluated. On the basis of two contradicting objectives, namely mean square error of noise intervals and pulse amplitude distortion, Pareto optimization is applied to choose optimal WF settings. The corresponding filters dominate several common WF proposals from previous literature. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2022.112163 KW - Pareto optimization KW - Wavelet filter KW - Denoising KW - Ultra high frequency KW - Partial discharge KW - Electrical machine Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2022.112163 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-30673 SN - 1873-412X SN - 0263-2241 VL - 2022 IS - 205 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kleiner, Jan A1 - Lambauer, Florian A1 - Singh, Randeep A1 - Komsiyska, Lidiya A1 - Hinterberger, Michael A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Experimental study of cell integrated heat pipe cooling with a lithium-ion cell emulator JF - Journal of Energy Storage UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.105808 Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.105808 SN - 2352-1538 SN - 2352-152X VL - 2022 IS - 56, Part A PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmid, Michael A1 - Liebhart, Bernhard A1 - Kleiner, Jan A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Kennel, Ralph T1 - Online Detection of Soft Internal Short Circuits in Lithium-Ion Battery Packs by Data-Driven Cell Voltage Monitoring T2 - Proceedings of the Energy Conversion Congress & Exposition - Asia, 2021 (ECCE-Asia 2021) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-Asia49820.2021.9479175 KW - Internal Short Circuit KW - Fault Diagnosis KW - Lithium-Ion Battery KW - Battery Safety KW - Electric Vehicle Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-Asia49820.2021.9479175 SN - 978-1-7281-6344-4 SN - 2150-6086 SP - 1711 EP - 1718 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway (NJ) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morales Torricos, Pablo A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Lewerenz, Meinert T1 - Apparent Aging during Accelerated Cycling Aging Test of Cylindrical Silicon Containing Li-Ion Cells JF - Batteries N2 - Accelerated cyclic aging tests are very important for research and industry to quickly characterize lithium-ion cells. However, the accentuation of stress factors and the elimination of rest periods lead to an apparent capacity fade, that can be subsequently recovered during a resting phase. This effect is attributed to the inhomogeneous lithium distribution in the anode and is observable with differential voltage analysis (DVA). We tested cylindrical 18,650 cells with Li(NixCoyAlz)O2-graphite/silicon chemistry during two cycling and resting phases. The capacity, the pulse resistance, the DVA, and the capacity difference analysis are evaluated for cells cycled at different average SOC and current rates. An apparent capacity loss of up to 12% was reported after 200 FCE for cells cycled under the presence of pressure gradients, while only 1% were at low-pressure gradients. The subsequent recovery was up to 80% of the apparent capacity loss in some cases. The impact of silicon cannot be estimated as it shows no features in the dV/dQ curves. We observe a recovery of apparent resistance increase, which is not reported for cells with pure graphite anodes. Finally, we demonstrate the strong impact of apparent aging for the lifetime prediction based on standard accelerated cyclic aging tests. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9040230 KW - aging KW - lifetime prognosis KW - cycle life KW - NCA KW - silicon KW - mechanical stress KW - homogeneity of lithium distribution KW - capacity recovery Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9040230 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-35477 SN - 2313-0105 VL - 9 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lechermann, Lorenz A1 - Kleiner, Jan A1 - Komsiyska, Lidiya A1 - Hinterberger, Michael A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - A comparative study of data-driven electro-thermal models for reconfigurable lithium-ion batteries in real-time applications JF - Journal of Energy Storage UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.107188 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.107188 SN - 2352-1538 SN - 2352-152X VL - 2023 IS - 65 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Terbrack, Christoph A1 - Speer, Sascha A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Control and Implementation of the Parallel Enhanced Commutation Integrated Nested Multilevel Inverter Topology JF - Electronics N2 - Due to their high efficiency and advanced battery management capability, cascaded multilevel inverters are an exciting option for battery electric powertrains. A promising, new and highly efficient cascaded multilevel inverter is the Parallel Enhanced Commutation Integrated Nested Multilevel Inverter. The inverter, with four semiconductor switches per submodule, can reconfigure individual battery cells in series and parallel and generate positive and negative phase voltages in regular four-quadrant operation. Therefore, emerging degrees of freedom in battery management and inverter operation must be managed and mapped into a specific Switching State for every switch. As controlling the high number of switches is safety-relevant, this publication profoundly explains the inverter’s functionality. We introduce a Switching Function that accepts easy-to-understand functional states as input, simplifying research on higher-level control algorithms and advanced single-cell battery-management capabilities. As the Switching Function guarantees safe operation and the correct contribution of every cell to the overall functionality of the inverter, it enables researchers to confidently use and thereby accelerate research on the promising new topology. The method we describe is fast, simple, deterministic and designed to convert setpoint specifications into an executable Switching Pattern. We prove that our Switching Function is operable on an FPGA with a twenty-kilohertz setpoint update operating a 17-level inverter. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12143130 KW - cascaded KW - drivetrain KW - electric vehicles KW - MLI KW - PECIN KW - power electronics KW - reconfigurable battery system KW - Switching Function Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12143130 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-37990 SN - 2079-9292 VL - 12 IS - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nachtsheim, Martin A1 - Grund, Karina A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Kennel, Ralph T1 - Online Identification of Induction Machine Parameter Deviations for Aging Detection - A Comparative Study Using Recursive Least Squares Algorithm and Extended Kalman Filter T2 - 2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186964 KW - Induction Machine KW - Online Parameter Identification KW - Extended Kalman Filter KW - Recursive Least Squares Algorithm KW - Aging Detection Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186964 SN - 979-8-3503-9742-0 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Azzam, Mohamed A1 - Ehrensberger, Moritz A1 - Scheuer, Reinhard A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Lewerenz, Meinert T1 - Long-Term Self-Discharge Measurements and Modelling for Various Cell Types and Cell Potentials JF - Energies N2 - Self-discharge of lithium-ion cells leads to voltage decay over time. In this work, the self-discharge was measured at 30 °C for three cell types at various voltage levels for about 150 days in a constant voltage mode determining the current at a high precision (float current). All cells exhibit a transient part leading to a steady-state, which is no longer influenced by reversible effects. To study the effect of the check-ups on the steady-state float current, the cells, interrupted and not interrupted by check-ups, were compared. The results indicate that both the transient processes and steady-state currents are highly reproducible. In the first period of the float current, the polarization dominates the measured current, followed by the anode overhang effect dominating the process for a period of 5–30 days. After the decline of both processes, a mostly constant steady-state in the order of µA is observed. The check-up interruption generally shows no apparent effect on the reached steady-state and results only in an extended settling time. A model to simulate the transient process and steady-state of float currents was developed. The model shows a high accuracy in reproducing the results and identifying the time needed to reach the steady-state. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093889 KW - 18650 KW - NCA KW - NMC KW - LFP KW - graphite KW - float current analysis KW - potentiostatic hold KW - self-discharge rate KW - modelling KW - filtering KW - anode overhang Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093889 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-36693 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 16 IS - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Terbrack, Christoph A1 - Stöttner, Julia A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Operation of an externally excited synchronous machine with a hybrid multilevel inverter T2 - 2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'20 ECCE Europe) UR - https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE20ECCEEurope43536.2020.9215895 KW - AC machine KW - Batteries KW - Converter circuit KW - Electrical drive KW - Electrical machine KW - High voltage power converters KW - Multilevel converters KW - Power converters for EV KW - Synchronous motor Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.23919/EPE20ECCEEurope43536.2020.9215895 SN - 978-9-0758-1536-8 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Liebhart, Bernhard A1 - Diehl, Simon A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Sensitivity analysis of battery cell aging estimators based on impedance spectroscopy regarding temperature compensation T2 - IEEE CCTA 2020, 4th IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/CCTA41146.2020.9206395 KW - sensitivity analysis KW - impedance spectroscopy KW - temperature compensation KW - battery management systems KW - multiple lithium-ion cells KW - battery cell aging estimators KW - on board electric vehicles Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/CCTA41146.2020.9206395 SN - 978-1-7281-7140-1 SP - 699 EP - 705 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Müller, Tino A1 - Vögele, Ulrich A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Disturbance compensation for iterative control of suspension durability test rigs T2 - 2016 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2016.7577011 KW - testing KW - predictive models KW - vehicles KW - axles KW - inverse problems KW - actuators KW - optimal control Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2016.7577011 SN - 978-1-5090-2065-2 SP - 1675 EP - 1681 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Tino A1 - Ziegmann, Johannes A1 - Krüner, Simon A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Optimization of inverse model identification for multi-axial test rig control JF - MATEC Web of Conferences N2 - Laboratory testing of multi-axial fatigue situations improves repeatability and allows a time condensing of tests which can be carried out until component failure, compared to field testing. To achieve realistic and convincing durability results, precise load data reconstruction is necessary. Cross-talk and a high number of degrees of freedom negatively affect the control accuracy. Therefore a multiple input/multiple output (MIMO) model of the system, capturing all inherent cross-couplings is identified. In a first step the model order is estimated based on the physical fundamentals of a one channel hydraulic-servo system. Subsequently, the structure of the MIMO model is optimized using correlation of the outputs, to increase control stability and reduce complexity of the parameter optimization. The identification process is successfully applied to the iterative control of a multi-axial suspension rig. The results show accurate control, with increased stability compared to control without structure optimization. UR - https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20164201002 Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20164201002 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-16314 SN - 2261-236X VL - 2016 IS - 42 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altmannshofer, Simon A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Martin, Jan A1 - Gerngroß, Martin A1 - Limbacher, Reimund T1 - Robust estimation of vehicle longitudinal dynamics parameters T2 - 2016 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2016.7535443 KW - vehicles KW - brakes KW - estimation KW - resistance KW - robustness KW - vehicle dynamics KW - friction Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2016.7535443 SN - 978-1-5090-1821-5 SP - 566 EP - 571 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altmannshofer, Simon A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Robust Vehicle Mass and Driving Resistance Estimation T2 - 2016 American Control Conference (ACC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACC.2016.7526754 KW - parameter estimation KW - vehicle dynamics Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACC.2016.7526754 SN - 978-1-4673-8682-1 SN - 2378-5861 SP - 6869 EP - 6874 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altmannshofer, Simon A1 - Martin, Jan A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Robuste, onlinefähige Schätzung von Fahrzeugmasse und Fahrwiderständen T2 - Autoreg 2015: auf dem Weg zum automatisierten Fahren Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-18-092233-1 SP - 29 EP - 36 PB - VDI Verlag CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vögele, Ulrich A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Potential analysis of predictive optimal velocity control for electric and conventional vehicles T2 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2015.7396917 KW - Dynamic Programming KW - Deterministic Discrete Systems KW - Electric Mobility KW - Vehicle Fuel Consumption Reduction KW - Ford-Bellman KW - Dijkstra KW - Shortest-Path KW - Directed Acyclic Graphs Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2015.7396917 SN - 978-1-4673-9114-6 SP - 196 EP - 201 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Martin, Jan A1 - Vögele, Ulrich A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Effects of errors in position- and navigation data on predictive vehicle operational strategy optimization T2 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2015.7396916 KW - car technologies KW - predictive operational strategy KW - look-ahead data KW - optimization Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2015.7396916 SN - 978-1-4673-9114-6 SP - 190 EP - 195 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stenzel, Peer A1 - Richnow, Jan A1 - Franke, Jörg A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Impact of the needle winding technology on the operational behavior of an asynchronous machine T2 - 2015 5th International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2015.7323193 KW - Windings KW - Inductance KW - Stator windings KW - Rotors KW - Needles KW - Stator cores Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2015.7323193 SN - 978-1-4673-7512-2 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Járdán, Rafael K. A1 - Varga, Zoltán A1 - Stumpf, Péter A1 - Nagy, Istvan A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Sipos, Péter A1 - Simon, Miklós T1 - Development of a Dedicated Laboratory System for Measurement of Iron Losses in High Speed PMSM T2 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2015.7125181 KW - Permanent magnet machine KW - Loss measurement KW - High speed drives Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2015.7125181 SN - 978-1-4799-7800-7 SP - 708 EP - 713 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stenzel, Peer A1 - Dollinger, P. A1 - Richnow, Jan A1 - Bader, T. A1 - Franke, Jörg A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Experimental investigations of the needle winding technology regarding the influence of the wire guide geometry on the tensile wire force T2 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2015.7125487 Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2015.7125487 SN - 978-1-4799-7800-7 SP - 2642 EP - 2649 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stenzel, Peer A1 - Dollinger, P. A1 - Mihajlovic, D. A1 - Richnow, Jan A1 - Franke, Jörg A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Needle winding for distributed round-wire-windings without the use of insulation disks T2 - Proceedings: 2014 4th International Electric Drives Production Conference (E|DPC) UR - http://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2014.6984387 KW - machine windings KW - needles KW - traction motor drives Y1 - 2014 UR - http://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2014.6984387 SN - 978-1-4799-5009-6 SN - 978-1-4799-5008-9 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Richnow, Jan A1 - Stenzel, Peer A1 - Renner, A. A1 - Gerling, D. A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Influence of different impregnation methods and resins on thermal behavior and lifetime of electrical stators T2 - Proceedings: 2014 4th International Electric Drives Production Conference (E|DPC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2014.6984406 KW - electrical insulation KW - stator KW - impregnation KW - resin KW - thermal behavior KW - lifetime Y1 - 2014 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2014.6984406 SN - 978-1-4799-5009-6 SN - 978-1-4799-5008-9 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nachtsheim, Martin A1 - Betz, Michael A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Explicit analytical approach for electromagnetic modeling of arbitrary pole pair induction machines T2 - 2022 12th International Conference on Power, Energy and Electrical Engineering (CPEEE) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEEE54404.2022.9738660 KW - induction machine KW - induction motor KW - analytical model KW - magnetic saturation KW - iron losses Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEEE54404.2022.9738660 SN - 978-1-6654-2049-5 SP - 41 EP - 48 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Dominik A1 - Liebhart, Bernhard A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Kennel, Ralph T1 - Enhanced state and parameter estimation within reconfigurable battery systems for electric vehicles T2 - 2022 12th International Conference on Power, Energy and Electrical Engineering (CPEEE) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEEE54404.2022.9738700 KW - state estimation KW - battery management system KW - reconfigurable battery systems KW - power electronics Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEEE54404.2022.9738700 SN - 978-1-6654-2049-5 SP - 71 EP - 77 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Theiler, Michael A1 - Schneider, Dominik A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Experimental Investigation of State and Parameter Estimation within Reconfigurable Battery Systems JF - Batteries N2 - The battery system is one of the most-important, but also -critical components in the electric power-train. The battery’s system states and parameters are commonly tracked by the battery monitoring system. However, in reality, the accuracy of the state and parameter estimation may suffer from insufficient excitation of the system. Since the current states and parameters serve as the basis for many battery management system functions, this might lead to incorrect operation and severe damage. Reconfigurable battery systems allow enhancing the system’s excitation by applying a switching operation. In this contribution, the state and parameter estimation of a reconfigurable battery module were simulated and tested experimentally. Thereby, a low-exciting and a high-exciting drive cycle were compared. Furthermore, the switching patterns were applied to enhance the excitation and, hence, improve the estimation of an extended Kalman filter. The cells were switched via a pulse-width modulation signal, and the influence of frequency and duty cycle variation on the estimation accuracy were investigated. Compared to the low-excitation input, a significant improvement in the estimation of up to 46% for the state of charge and 78% for the internal resistance were achieved. Hereby, low frequencies and duty cycles proved to be particularly advantageous. Switching, however, has only a limited influence on an already highly excited system and may lead to additional aging due to higher heat generation. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9030145 KW - battery model KW - Kalman filter KW - joint estimation KW - reconfigurable battery systems KW - state estimation KW - parameter estimation Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9030145 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-31110 SN - 2313-0105 VL - 9 IS - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nachtsheim, Martin A1 - Ernst, Johannes A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Kennel, Ralph T1 - Performance of Recursive Least Squares Algorithm Configurations for Online Parameter Identification of Induction Machines in an Automotive Environment JF - IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2023.3244619 KW - parameter estimation KW - induction machine KW - power system identification KW - road vehicle electric propulsion KW - fault diagnosis Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2023.3244619 SN - 2332-7782 VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 4236 EP - 4254 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rauscher, Andreas A1 - Kalamkar, Siddhanth A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Impact of High Voltage Waveform on Partial Discharge Inception in Electrical Machines T2 - 2024 IEEE 33rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE54533.2024.10595712 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE54533.2024.10595712 SN - 979-8-3503-9408-5 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Azzam, Mohamed A1 - Ehrensberger, Moritz A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Lewerenz, Meinert T1 - Accelerating float current measurement with temperature ramps revealing entropy insights JF - Journal of Energy Storage UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.114142 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.114142 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-52253 SN - 2352-1538 VL - 2024 IS - 102, Part B PB - Elsevier CY - Science ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauscher, Andreas A1 - Kaiser, Johannes A1 - Devaraju, Manoj A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Deep learning and data augmentation for partial discharge detection in electrical machines JF - Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence N2 - Fault testing in the production line of automotive traction machines is essential to ensure the desired lifetime. Since repetitive partial discharges (PDs) caused by anomalies in the insulation system lead to premature breakdowns of electrical machines, a reliable PD detection is of great importance. This paper proposes deep learning (DL) methods to improve the discrimination of PD from background noise in comparison with the state-of-the-art amplitude based PD detection in the production line. First, a systematic data extraction and labeling procedure is introduced to obtain correctly labeled datasets from arbitrary PD measurements. In addition, datasets are enhanced with low signal-to-noise ratio PD pulses by applying a special data augmentation approach. 13 different convolutional, recurrent and fully connected neural networks are compared for various time-frequency representations of the input signals. Hyperparameters for input transform, network topology and solver are optimized for all 13 combinations to ensure a fair case study. As a result, the two-dimensional convolutional neural network with continuous wavelet transform achieves the best accuracy of around 99.76% on a test dataset of PD signals originating from previously not utilized test objects. All DL models considered in this comparison outperform the state-of-the-art threshold-based PD classification. Even for PD events with an amplitude close to the noise level, the detection rate is still around 95% for the best network. Furthermore, without applying the proposed data augmentation procedure, the DL models investigated are not able to distinguish small PD pulses from noise. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2024.108074 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2024.108074 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-45384 SN - 1873-6769 SN - 0952-1976 VL - 133 IS - Part A PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Theiler, Michael A1 - Baumann, Alexander A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Influence of inhomogeneous state of charge distributions on thermal runaway propagation in lithium-ion batteries JF - Journal of Energy Storage N2 - It is well known that lithium-ion batteries pose a certain safety risk. The thermal runaway of a cell and the subsequent thermal propagation through the battery are considered particularly dangerous. Effective solutions for their mitigation are therefore of great interest. Previous studies have shown the significant influence of a cell’s state of charge (SOC) on its behavior during thermal runaway. This relation may be exploitable in a battery pack to improve its safety. This study aims to assess the leverage of active SOC reduction in the imminent threat of thermal runaway. Implementing such a technique could become feasible with the emergence of reconfigurable battery systems. Four experiments were conducted, each with a module of three fresh 63 Ah high energy pouch cells in a spring-loaded bracing. The experiments studied different stationary SOC configurations, uniform (100% and 60%) and non-uniform (100%–60%–100% and 100%–20%–100%). The results indicate that thermal propagation is substantially delay (87 s) by discharging a cell in its path. The SOC reduction primarily decreases the maximum temperature of the respective cell. Further effects are a calmer thermal runaway and prolonged propagation time within the cell as well as to the next cell. In comparison, the SOC reduction has little impact on the cell’s own triggering time, as the triggering time is mainly determined by the thermal energy transferred from the preceding cell and hence by its SOC. Furthermore, the analysis of the experimental data (temperature, voltage, pressure, video) gives insights into the propagation of thermal runaway through the individual layers of a cell. With reference to the position of a cell relative to the origin of the thermal propagation, a decrease of its mass loss and an increase of its internal propagation time is observed. This effect is attributed to the decreasing module pressure due to progressive loss of material. The assessment shows that active SOC reduction techniques have great leverage for mitigating or even stopping thermal propagation in a battery pack. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.112483 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.112483 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-47952 VL - 2024 IS - 95 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Azzam, Mohamed A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Lewerenz, Meinert T1 - Evaluating the Aging-Induced Voltage Slippery as Cause for Float Currents of Lithium-ion Cells JF - Batteries N2 - This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of float current analysis in lithium-ion batteries, a promising new testing method to assess calendar aging. Float currents are defined as the steady-state trickle charge current after a transient part. In the literature, a correlation to capacity loss was reported. Assuming the float current compensates for the voltage decay over time and is linked to calendar aging, effects from voltage slippery must be considered. The dU/dQ analysis suggests solely a loss of active lithium. Therefore, we investigate the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth as the general aging mechanism to explain the origin of float currents. Our results show that the voltage slippery theory holds true within the low to middle test voltage ranges. However, the theory’s explanatory power begins to diminish at higher voltage ranges, suggesting the existence of additional, yet unidentified, factors influencing the float current. A shuttle reaction or lithiation of the cathode by electrolyte decomposition are the most promising alternative aging mechanisms at high voltages. The paper proposes a unique voltage slippery model to check for correlations between aging mechanisms, the float current test and the check-up test. For a better understanding, test strategies are proposed to verify/falsify the aging mechanisms beyond SEI. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10010003 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10010003 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-43157 SN - 2313-0105 VL - 10 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rauscher, Andreas A1 - Stenzel, Peer A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Optimization of Sensor Setup and Filter Frequency for End-of-Line Partial Discharge Testing of Electrical Machines T2 - 2024 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARS-ITEC) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC60450.2024.10819886 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC60450.2024.10819886 SN - 979-8-3503-7390-5 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Azzam, Mohamed A1 - Ehrensberger, Moritz A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Sauer, Dirk Uwe A1 - Lewerenz, Meinert T1 - Comparison of dU/dQ, Voltage Decay, and Float Currents via Temperature Ramps and Steps in Li‐ion Batteries JF - Batteries & Supercaps UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400627 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400627 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-53655 SN - 2566-6223 VL - 8 IS - 1 PB - Wiley CY - Weinheim ER -