TY - RPRT A1 - Bálint, András A1 - Schindler, Ron A1 - Löffler, Christian A1 - Wimmer, Peter A1 - Kirschbichler, Stefan A1 - Kolk, Harald A1 - Klein, Christoph A1 - Schories, Lars A1 - Hay, Julian A1 - Becker, Julian A1 - Birkner, Christian A1 - Lopes da Silva, Joed A1 - Zimmer, Alessandro A1 - Mensa, Genís A1 - Parera, Núria A1 - Rokova, Simona A1 - Castells, Jacint A1 - Lorente Mallada, Jorge A1 - Nikolaou, Stella A1 - Vogl, Carina A1 - Stoll, Johann T1 - D5.2 Safety impact assessment - intermediate report Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.safe-up.eu/resources ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mensa, Genís A1 - Wimmer, Peter A1 - Schories, Lars A1 - Bálint, András A1 - Djukic, Tamara A1 - Östling, Martin A1 - Löffler, Christian A1 - Nikolaou, Stella A1 - Rial, Sergio A1 - Merdivan, David A1 - Birkner, Christian A1 - Weihmayr, Daniel A1 - Kirschbichler, Stefan T1 - D5.1 Requirements for impact assessment KW - safety impact assessment KW - Bayesian framework KW - requirements definition KW - virtual and physical demonstrators KW - benefit evaluation KW - safety-critical scenarios Y1 - 2021 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-28483 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shirur, Naveen A1 - Birkner, Christian A1 - Henze, Roman A1 - Deserno, Thomas Martin T1 - Tactile Occupant Detection Sensor for Automotive Airbag JF - Energies N2 - Automotive airbags protect occupants from crash forces during severe vehicle collisions. They absorb energy and restrain the occupants by providing a soft cushion effect known as the restraint effect. Modern airbags offer partial restraint effect control by controlling the bag’s vent holes and providing multi-stage deployment. Full restraint effect control is still a challenge because the closed-loop restraint control system needs airbag–occupant contact and interaction feedback. In this work, we have developed novel single and matrix capacitive tactile sensors to measure the occupant’s contact data. They can be integrated with the airbag surface and folded to follow the dynamic airbag shape during the deployment. The sensors are tested under a low-velocity pendulum impact and benchmarked with high-speed test videos. The results reveal that the single sensor can successfully measure occupant–airbag contact time and estimate the area, while the contact position is additionally identified from the matrix sensor. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175288 KW - automotive airbag KW - capacitive tactile sensor KW - occupant detection KW - passive safety KW - vehicle crash Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175288 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-9210 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 14 IS - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Da Silva Junior, Amauri A1 - Birkner, Christian A1 - Jazar, Reza A1 - Marzbani, Hormoz T1 - Crash-Prone Fault Combination Identification for Over-Actuated Vehicles During Evasive Maneuvers JF - IEEE Access N2 - Throughout a vehicle’s lifecycle, systems may fail during operation, requiring effective fault management by the vehicle controller. Various system faults affect vehicle handling differently. Additionally, vehicle velocity and road friction directly impact handling and stability. Thus, it is essential to investigate relevant factors, such as actuator faults, vehicle velocity, road friction, and their combinations, before developing a fault-tolerant controller to mitigate potential critical situations. Our work thus focuses on identifying faults and fault combinations that might lead to crashes for over-actuated vehicles during evasive maneuvers and those impacting comfort parameters. We employ a state-of-the-art vehicle controller optimized for evasive lane changes for over-actuated vehicles. The driving scenario encompasses critical conditions defined in ISO 26262 with ASIL-D, including velocities up to 130 km/h and requiring steering away from obstacles. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, Design of Experiments, and statistical tools are used to determine fault combinations most likely to lead to crashes during evasive maneuvers. Our results indicate that the vehicle controller successfully handled the maneuver in over 53% of investigated cases, reaching up to 75.1% on dry surfaces. Road friction emerges as the most critical parameter for collision avoidance and comfort. Brake faults exhibit a higher influence on vehicle handling than other actuator faults, while single motor faults do not significantly impact vehicle parameters. Regarding two-factor interactions, brake actuators dominate, followed by steering and motor. These findings provide valuable insights for developing fault-tolerant controllers for over-actuated vehicles, guiding decisions on addressing specific faults to enhance safety and comfort parameters. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3374524 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3374524 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-46165 SN - 2169-3536 VL - 12 SP - 37256 EP - 37275 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - da Silva Junior, Amauri A1 - Birkner, Christian A1 - Jazar, Reza A1 - Marzbani, Hormoz T1 - From Design to Application: Emergency Maneuver Control in a 1:3.33 Scaled Vehicle T2 - 2024 18th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICARCV63323.2024.10821589 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICARCV63323.2024.10821589 SN - 979-8-3315-1849-3 SP - 170 EP - 177 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - da Silva Junior, Amauri A1 - Birkner, Christian A1 - Jazar, Reza A1 - Marzbani, Hormoz T1 - Coupled Lateral and Longitudinal Controller for Over-Actuated Vehicle in Evasive Maneuvering with Sliding Mode Control Strategy JF - IEEE Access N2 - Coupled controllers are vital for safely handling vehicles, especially in critical driving situations that include changing lanes to avoid obstacles. Controllers specialized in emergencies must keep road users safe in critical situations. In this paper, we develop the coupled controller to handle evasive maneuvers for an over-actuated vehicle. The controller is based on the second-order sliding mode control theory. We use the bicycle model to establish the equivalent and robust steering equations as a control-oriented model. The lateral and longitudinal vehicle motions are coupled to each other by the lateral vehicle information on the longitudinal sliding surface, and the dependence of the lateral sliding surface on the longitudinal velocity. The torque vectoring method based on fuzzy logic adjusts the yaw moment. We address the tire slip circle on the slip controller to stabilize the vehicle while maneuvering. We simulate and evaluate our controller in a rear-end collision situation with a short time window to maneuver the vehicle. The ego vehicle detects the preceding vehicle and performs an evasive lane change while simultaneously applying brakes to bring the vehicle to a halt. Our research is the earliest in providing an ultimate emergency control to successfully avoid crashes up to 130 km/h in short time crash detection. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3264277 KW - autonomous vehicle KW - crash avoidance KW - evasive maneuvers KW - over-actuated vehicle KW - sliding mode control KW - vehicle coupled controllers Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3264277 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-34336 SN - 2169-3536 VL - 11 SP - 33792 EP - 33811 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - da Silva Junior, Amauri A1 - Birkner, Christian A1 - Jazar, Reza A1 - Marzbani, Hormoz ED - Mehdi, Driss ED - Farza, Mondher ED - M'Saad, Mohammed ED - Aitouche, Abdelouahab T1 - Vehicle lateral dynamics with sliding mode control strategy for evasive maneuvering T2 - Proceedings of the 2021 9th International Conference on Systems and Control UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSC50472.2021.9666598 KW - vehicle lateral control KW - evasive maneuvering KW - vehicle stability KW - trajectory control KW - closed-loop control system Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSC50472.2021.9666598 SN - 978-1-6654-0782-3 SP - 165 EP - 172 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Shirur, Naveen A1 - Birkner, Christian A1 - Henze, Roman A1 - Deserno, Thomas Martin A1 - Dudhat, Darshankumar T1 - Effect of airbag deployment phases on tactile occupant detection sensor T2 - 2020 XII International Science-Technical Conference AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/AUTOMOTIVESAFETY47494.2020.9435283 KW - accidents KW - airbag deployment KW - capacitive tactile sensor KW - passive safety KW - restraint effect KW - vehicle crash testing Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/AUTOMOTIVESAFETY47494.2020.9435283 SN - 978-1-7281-5812-9 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - da Silva Junior, Amauri A1 - Birkner, Christian A1 - Shirur, Naveen T1 - Development of Lateral Control for Different Electric Vehicle Drive and Steering Systems T2 - FISITA Web Congress 2020 Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.fisita.com/library/f2020-vdc-075 PB - FISITA CY - Bishops Stortford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Shirur, Naveen A1 - Birkner, Christian A1 - Foster, Andreas A1 - Bleeck, Matthias T1 - Active control of airbag filling: sensor, valve, test bench, best-practice of industry-university-cooperation T2 - Fahrzeugsicherheit 2022: Auf dem Weg zur Fahrzeugsicherheit 2030 UR - https://doi.org/10.51202/9783181023877-35 KW - Kraftfahrzeug KW - Verkehrssicherheit KW - Technische Sicherheit KW - Passive Sicherheit KW - Fahrerassistenzsystem KW - Elektrofahrzeug Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.51202/9783181023877-35 SN - 978-3-18-092387-1 SN - 0083-5560 SP - 35 EP - 46 PB - VDI-Verlag GmbH CY - Düsseldorf ER -