TY - JOUR A1 - Bott, Christoph A1 - Ehrenwirth, Mathias A1 - Trinkl, Christoph A1 - Bayer, Peter T1 - Component-based modeling of ground-coupled seasonal thermal energy storages JF - Applied Thermal Engineering N2 - Seasonal thermal energy storages are considered a central element of modern, innovative energy systems and help to harmonize fluctuating energy sources. Furthermore, they allow for an improved coupling between the electricity and heating sectors. Despite recent improvements of planning processes and enhanced models, significant discrepancies between projected and measured heat losses were revealed. Additional shortcomings of available tools relate to limitations in specifying geometry, internal design, or physical processes. Addressing these drawbacks, this study employs a revised, alternative approach by using a flexible, component-based, model (“STORE”). It allows variable flexible parameterizations to study diverse design scenarios. After introducing relevant seasonal thermal energy storage components, processes and mechanisms, datasets, and evaluation techniques, a plausibility test is presented that applies a common thermal energy storage model for benchmarking. In a test study, the re-use of a circa 1,000 m3 large swimming pool is simulated. STORE is used to investigate performance trends caused by different designs (e.g., insulation thicknesses, materials at individual interfaces). For the plausibility test, the results show a high degree of coverage and good applicability. Further, the results of the test study show a storage efficiency of 12.4% for an uninsulated base case, which can be improved to 69.5% in case of the most complex, highly insulated configuration. Critical trends are revealed, covering reduced peak capacity levels (26.5 to 23.5 MWh) and raised average filling temperatures (39.1 to 45.2 °C). Improved long-term behavior involves reduced environmental impacts due to reduced heating of the ambient soil (+7.9 K compared to +14.1 K after 2 years). General conclusions reveal that an optimal design should initially focus on an external cover of soil and top insulation. However, evaluations should base on multiple parameters depending on the target criteria. This is where the present model is highly useful. The capability of STORE to rapidly analyze a plethora of scenarios proves its high applicability for optimizing the planning processes of seasonal thermal energy storage projects. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118810 KW - Seasonal Storage KW - Thermal Energy Storage KW - Component-based Modeling KW - Matlab / Simulink KW - Large-scale TES KW - Planning and Design Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118810 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-34926 SN - 1873-5606 VL - 2022 IS - 214 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ahmed, Arslan A1 - Conti, Fosca A1 - Bayer, Peter A1 - Goldbrunner, Markus T1 - Hydronic Road-Heating Systems BT - Environmental Performance and the Case of Ingolstadt Ramps JF - Environmental and Climate Technologies N2 - Snowfall and ice formation on road surface significantly impact the safety of driving conditions. To resolve this, every year salt and de-icing chemicals are sprinkled on roads. However, use of salts and snow ploughing have environmental as well as economical disadvantages. To resolve these problems, hydronic road heating systems are valid alternatives. Heat transfer fluid, i.e. mixture of ethanol and water, is pumped into a tubular circulation system under the asphalt. By this technology, the road and pavements shall stay ice-free even in times of snowfall and temperatures below the freezing point. The system can also be used to cool the asphalt in case of extreme heat, which – besides the heating effect – could also prevent road from damages in extreme summers. This study aims to compare the environmental impact of use of salts and road-heating system in terms of GHG emissions. To assess the environmental impact, an operational road heating system for a ramp in Ingolstadt, Germany, is considered. A cradle-to-grave analysis technique is used to determine the environmental effects based on a life-cycle assessment (LCA) framework. The analysis includes nine components solemnly responsible for hydronic heating of asphalt surface such as local heating pipe, insulation, pumps, and heat meters. Comparison is performed in terms of relative and total impact over 50-year lifetime of three heated ramps having 1989 m2 surface area in total. The results show that the asphalt and heating-circuit causes the major fraction (65 %) of overall GHG emissions, with total life-time emissions of 28.10 kg CO2 eq./m2 of heated surface. During an operational life of 50 years, road heating systems emit 18 % less CO2 eq./m2 as compared to the use of salts. UR - https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0078 KW - Environmental performance KW - de-icing KW - hydronic road-heating system (HRS) KW - greenhouse gases (GHG) KW - Life cycle assessment (LCA) KW - snow removal Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0078 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-35248 SN - 2255-8837 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 1044 EP - 1054 PB - De Gruyter Poland CY - Warsaw ER -