TY - THES A1 - Dietl, Laura T1 - Inverse soft actor-critic imitation learning for pedestrian trajectory prediction N2 - Pedestrian trajectory prediction has the potential to enhance safety in everyday traffic situations. By utilizing Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication pedestrians will be able to communicate their intended future trajectory with other road users. Thus, enabling other road users to adapt their path accordingly, e.g., to avoid collisions. Due to the inherent multimodality of future paths, the impact of the social and environmental context, and the influence of personal factors on a person’s behavior, pedestrian trajectory prediction is a difficult endeavor. In light of these challenges, this thesis’ objective was to develop a pedestrian trajectory prediction model capable of generating realistic multimodal trajectories for environments that closely resemble everyday traffic scenarios. This was achieved by training a model using the Inverse Soft-Q Learning (IQLearn) algorithm, which adapts the Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) approach for use in addressing Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) problems. As far as the author is aware, this was the first time of IQLearn being applied for path prediction. For model training the Stanford Drone Dataset (SDD), a prominent real world dataset, was employed. The dataset analysis reveals characteristics that must be considered during the development and evaluation of a model. Furthermore, a novel difficulty classification scheme helps to gain insight into the pedestrian paths’ complexity distribution within the dataset. It is based on the trajectories’ velocity, heading, number of starts and stops, and the newly developed social context measure, which gauges the level of attention a person must pay to their local neighbors. It shows that the SDD mostly contains simpler trajectories with only a small portion being complex and containing outlier behavior. Evaluating the model on the SDD shows that it: can compete with popular benchmark models based on common metrics; is able to predominantly predict three general types of paths, i.e., small bends, linear and stationary behavior, indicating that it learned a generalized representation of the trajectories within the training dataset; and is not able to generate multimodal paths, as it predicts future samples with only minor deviations from one another instead of a diverse range of realistic trajectories. The dataset, which contains primarily simpler paths, lacks the required complexity for the model to anticipate outlier behaviors. Instead, it often completes the trajectories in a logical manner, adhering to the constraints of the environment. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-53401 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - BOOK A1 - von Held, Felix A1 - Schwarz, Jan Oliver T1 - Robust Leadership BT - Sicheres Führen in unsicheren Zeiten Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-96251-205-7 PB - Frankfurter Allegmeine Buch CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ulreich, Fabian A1 - Kaup, André A1 - Ebert, Martin T1 - Uncertainty Quantification for Adaptive Measurement Noise in Kalman Filter Based Object Tracking T2 - 2024 Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/SDF63218.2024.10773809 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/SDF63218.2024.10773809 SN - 979-8-3315-2744-0 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rodríguez-Arozamena, Mario A1 - Matute, Jose A1 - Pérez, Joshué A1 - Ozbay, Burcu A1 - Tezcan, Deryanur A1 - Begecarslan, Enes A1 - Mutlukaya, Irem A1 - Mayer, Kevin A1 - Volkersdorfer, Tina A1 - Hof, Hans-Joachim T1 - TRA2024 Poster - A Fail-Safe Decision Architecture for CCAM Applications T2 - Proceedings of the Transport Research Arena (TRA2024) Conference UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10995953 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10995953 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-55180 PB - Zenodo CY - Genf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Michahelles, Florian A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Grundel, Ida A1 - Boztepe, Suzan A1 - Trygg, Kristina A1 - Israel, Habakuk A1 - Pfleging, Bastian A1 - Veenstra, Mettina A1 - Wintersberger, Philipp T1 - Urban-Engage: Pioneering Urban Planning with Citizen-Driven 15-Minute City Solutions T2 - Mensch und Computer 2024 – Workshopband N2 - We propose an innovative approach to empower urban planners by integrating comprehensive and qualified citizen input into the planning of the 15-minute city (15mC) through immersive digital technologies. Our methodology includes (1) enabling citizens to annotate their real environment using augmented reality, (2) generating urban space alternatives based on generative AI and citizen annotations, (3) allowing modifications to AI-generated alternatives, (4) providing immersive 3D simulation environments for experiencing these alternatives, and (5) facilitating better negotiation between citizens and political players to identify the optimal solution. This process aims to account for diverse stakeholder interests, ensuring inclusive contributions and an experiential understanding of potential urban adaptation. UR - https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2024-mci-ws16-393 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2024-mci-ws16-393 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-52073 PB - Gesellschaft für Informatik CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saleh, Mennatallah A1 - Elagroudy, Passant A1 - Lukowicz, Paul A1 - Sturm, Christian T1 - Ghost Readers of the Nile: Decrypting Password Sharing Habits in Chatting Applications among Egyptian Women JF - Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3676506 KW - Mobile Application; Privacy; Message Sharing; Password Sharing; Egypt; Non-WEIRD communities Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3676506 SN - 2573-0142 VL - 8 IS - MHCI PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sturm, Christian A1 - White, Edward Peter Greenwood A1 - Wong-Villacres, Marisol A1 - Densmore, Melissa A1 - Moreno Rocha, Mario A A1 - Martínez, Carlos Alberto A1 - Collazos, César A1 - Jere, Nobert Rangarirai A1 - Mon, Alicia Am ED - Mueller, Florian 'Floyd' ED - Kyburz, Penny ED - Williamson, Julie R. ED - Sas, Corina T1 - Student Design Competitions as an Awareness-building activity for HCI in the Global South T2 - CHI'24: Extended Abstracts of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3613905.3637105 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3613905.3637105 SN - 979-8-4007-0331-7 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bechthold, Laura ED - Wreschniok, Robert T1 - Über die Kraft des Zweifels und wahren Fortschritt BT - Wie sich die Generation Y mit Vordenkern aus der ganzen Welt auf die Suche nach einer erstrebenswerten Zukunft machte. T2 - Das große Buch der Strategie: Von der Reformation bis zur digitalen Transformation UR - https://doi.org/10.15358/9783800671984-136 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.15358/9783800671984-136 SN - 978-3-8006-7198-4 SN - 978-3-8006-7197-7 SP - 136 EP - 155 PB - Franz Vahlen CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fritz, Mario A1 - Krauß, Christoph A1 - Hof, Hans-Joachim T1 - CSCS ’24 – Cyber Security in CarS Workshop T2 - CCS ’24: Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3691551 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3691551 SN - 979-8-4007-0636-3 SP - 4914 EP - 4916 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lex, Johannes A1 - Margull, Ulrich A1 - Mader, Ralph A1 - Fey, Dietmar T1 - HyFAR: A hypervisor-based fault tolerance approach for heterogeneous automotive real-time systems JF - Journal of Systems Architecture N2 - Fault tolerance is a key aspect for fully autonomous vehicles, as there is no human driver available to take control of the vehicle as a backup. Such autonomous vehicles incorporate signal-oriented and service-oriented hardware and software architectures within one heterogeneous real-time system. Fault tolerance is commonly achieved by adding redundant Electronic Control Units (ECUs) to the system. However, redundant ECUs increase the weight, cost and power consumption of the system. This paper presents a novel hypervisor-based fault tolerance approach for automotive real-time systems (HyFAR), which is based on the largely unexplored concept of migrating software in a highly heterogeneous real-time system using virtualization technology. It is shown, that the fault tolerance of an automotive vehicle can be enhanced in a cost-effective way without the need of additional hardware. The process of recovering critical service-oriented software using a signal-oriented hardware and vice versa is examined. This paper gives a detailed overview of the effects of emulation, virtualization, separation and the type of the hypervisor towards the recovery time and the freedom from interference of signal-oriented and service-oriented software. The results demonstrate that recovering critical service-oriented software using signal-oriented hardware is limited due to missing middle-ware and virtualization support and resource scarcity. However, recovering critical signal-oriented software using a service-oriented hardware is feasible, while a subset of the original service-oriented software can be continued on the same hardware. The resulting approach can be applied to a range of applications including thermal management or lane departure warning. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2024.103263 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2024.103263 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-54028 SN - 1383-7621 VL - 2024 IS - 156 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lwakatare, Bertha A1 - Vyavahare, Priyanka A1 - Mehta, Kedar A1 - Zörner, Wilfried T1 - Electrification Planning for Off-Grid Communities in Sub-Saharan Africa: Advancing Energy Access JF - Energies N2 - Sub-Saharan Africa, especially its rural areas, faces significant challenges in achieving universal electrification despite its abundant renewable energy resources. The region has the highest population without access to electricity, largely due to economic, infrastructural, and geographical barriers. Energy poverty is a critical issue that hinders sustainable development and exacerbates inequalities. Namibia’s sustainable energy policy aligns with the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 7, which aims to provide affordable and reliable modern energy access for all. The policy emphasizes mini-grids and decentralized power systems as key strategies for rural electrification. However, despite increased deployment of mini-grids, these solutions often struggle with long-term sustainability. This research explores cost-effective electrification strategies through scenario-based modeling to reduce energy poverty and expand energy access in Namibia’s rural communities, focusing on the existing mini-grids in Tsumkwe and Gam. Using a comprehensive methodology that incorporates HOMER Pro for mini-grid capacity expansion and MS Excel for evaluating main-grid extensions, this study aims to identify the most feasible and economical electrification solutions. The analysis compares electricity supply, total net present cost, and the levelized cost of electricity across these systems. The findings will offer insights into addressing energy poverty in Namibia and provide recommendations for sustainable and scalable rural electrification across Sub-Saharan Africa. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en17235994 KW - off-grid communities KW - grid extension KW - mini-grid expansion KW - rural electrification KW - Sub-Saharan Africa KW - Namibia Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en17235994 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-53771 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 17 IS - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lohr, Christoph A1 - Trauth, Anna A1 - Schukraft, Joél A1 - Leher, S. A1 - Weidenmann, Kay André T1 - Investigation on the recycling potential of additively manufactured carbon fiber reinforced PA 6.6 JF - Composite Structures N2 - Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) are already used in a wide range of applications such as automotive, aerospace and renewable energy industries and demand on this material class is increasing steadily. As demand increases, the amount of CFRP waste, either from production or at the end of life of components, increases simultaneously and sustainable solutions such as disposal, reuse or recycling of fiber reinforced materials getting more and more important. In this paper one possibility for recycling short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6.6 (CF/PA 6.6) is presented. The recycling process includes shredding of the material, drying and filament extrusion to enable a reuse of the material with an additive manufacturing process. The focus of this investigation is on the mechanical properties of the recycled filaments itself as well as on the 3D printed specimen considered recycled filaments. The properties at different stages of the short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6.6 recycling process were investigated, including the juvenile CF/PA 6.6 as well as specimens made from one- or two-times recycled material. Mechanical performance was evaluated by tensile, bending and impact testing. Experimental results pointed out that no significant difference in performance of juvenile and recycled materials was observed for tensile and flexural loads. The impact strength of the recycled specimen decreased to a small extent. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118683 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118683 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-54440 SN - 1879-1085 VL - 2025 IS - 352 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Herranen, Tuomas A1 - Henriksson, Erik A1 - Chan, Pak Hung A1 - Poledna, Yuri A1 - Duthon, Pierre A1 - Ben-Daoued, Amine A1 - Funk Drechsler, Maikol A1 - Donzella, Valentina ED - Dijk, Judith ED - Sanchez-Lopez, Jose Luis T1 - Creation of digital models for accelerated and reliable testing of automated systems in adverse weather T2 - Autonomous Systems for Security and Defence UR - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3031473 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3031473 SN - 978-1-5106-8123-1 PB - SPIE CY - Bellingham ER - TY - THES A1 - Hutzelmann, Thomas T1 - A Holistic Methodology for Quality Assessment of Intrusion Detection Systems T2 - Eine Ganzheitliche Methodik zur Qualitätsbewertung von Intrusion Detection Systemen Y1 - 2024 UR - https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1747236 PB - Technische Universität München CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Poledna, Yuri A1 - Funk Drechsler, Maikol A1 - Donzella, Valentina A1 - Chan, Pak Hung A1 - Duthon, Pierre A1 - Huber, Werner T1 - REHEARSE: adveRse wEatHEr datAset for sensoRy noiSe modEls T2 - 2024 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IV55156.2024.10588491 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/IV55156.2024.10588491 SN - 979-8-3503-4881-1 SP - 2451 EP - 2457 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costa de Araujo, João Paulo A1 - Balu, Balahari Vignesh A1 - Reichmann, Eik A1 - Kelly, Jessica A1 - Kugele, Stefan A1 - Mata, Núria A1 - Grunske, Lars T1 - Applying Concept-Based Models for Enhanced Safety Argumentation T2 - Proceedings: 2024 IEEE 35th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE 2024) UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSRE62328.2024.00034 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSRE62328.2024.00034 SN - 979-8-3503-5388-4 SP - 272 EP - 283 PB - IEEE CY - Los Alamitos ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mohd, Zubair Akhtar A1 - Kreiner, Christian A1 - Schmid, Maximilian A1 - Zippelius, Andreas A1 - Tetzlaff, Ulrich A1 - Elger, Gordon T1 - Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN) Based Validation Framework for FEA Post Processing to Improve SAC Solder Reliability Analysis T2 - 2024 IEEE 10th Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC), Proceedings UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC60143.2024.10712023 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC60143.2024.10712023 SN - 979-8-3503-9036-0 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwan, Hannes A1 - Schmid, Maximilian A1 - Elger, Gordon T1 - Layer Resolved Thermal Impedance Measurement with Laser Stimulated Transient Thermal Analysis of Semiconductor Modules T2 - THERMINIC 2024: Proceedings of 2024, 30th International Workshop on Thermal Investigations of ICs and Systems UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/THERMINIC62015.2024.10732233 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/THERMINIC62015.2024.10732233 SN - 979-8-3503-8782-7 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mohd, Zubair Akhtar A1 - Schmid, Maximilian A1 - Zippelius, Andreas A1 - Elger, Gordon T1 - Solder joint lifetime model using AI framework operating on FEA data JF - Engineering Failure Analysis N2 - The thermo-mechanical reliability of electronic systems is often limited by the crack growth within the solder joints. Addressing this issue requires careful consideration of the design of the package and solder pads. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is widely used to predict crack growth and to model their lifetime. Traditionally, FEA post-processing methods rely on human expertise to select appropriate regions for evaluating plastic and creep strain at critical locations and correlating these values with experimental data using the Coffin-Manson equation, which predicts fatigue lifetime based on cyclic plastic strain. This study introduces a novel method for FEA post-processing of surface-mounted devices (SMD) on printed circuit boards (PCB) using artificial intelligence. The method transforms the FEA data into a 2D grid map of creep strain values and employs a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for automatic feature extraction. Afterwards, a fully connected layer correlates the extracted features with the experimental measured solder joint lifetime, effectively capturing nonlinear relationships. The study focuses on the development of the concept of crack formation in the solder interconnects of ceramic based high-power LED packages used in the automotive industry for headlights. The validated FEA model is based on an extensive data set of 1800 LED packages including seven different ceramic-based LED packages and five different solders. The design of the ceramic LED package covers two-pad and three-pad footprint for soldering and thin film and thick film metallized ceramic carriers. Results show a strong agreement (R2 Score is 99.867 %) between simulations and experimental data for ceramic LED packages. This automatic feature extraction from FEA data sets a new benchmark for improving solder reliability predictions, and it has proved to be better than established methods for lifetime prediction of solder joints. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109032 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109032 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-53803 SN - 1350-6307 VL - 2025 IS - 167, Part B PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gottwalt, Albin A1 - Kubaschinski, Paul A1 - Waltz, Manuela A1 - Tetzlaff, Ulrich T1 - Influence of Subsequent Heat Treatment on Fatigue Behavior of Shear-Cut Electrical Steel Sheets JF - Alloys N2 - The fatigue behavior of a fully processed, non-oriented electrical steel sheet is investigated in dependence on shear-cutting parameters and a subsequent heat treatment. For this, stress-controlled fatigue tests are performed before and after annealing at 700 °C for a total of six different shear-cutting settings. For all parameters, the fatigue strength of shear-cut sheets is improved by the heat treatment. This is due to reduction in a large part of the strain hardening region as well as the reduction in tensile residual stresses. Both were introduced during shear cutting and act detrimental to the fatigue strength. However, the intensity of this improvement depends on the shear-cutting parameters. This is related to the corresponding edge surfaces characteristically being formed during shear cutting. Specimens cut with a worn cutting tool show a more pronounced increase in fatigue life. In contrast, specimens produced with a sharp-edged cutting tool and high cutting clearance hardly benefit from the heat treatment. This appears to be caused by differences in surface topography, in particular coarse topographical damage in the form of grain breakouts. If these occur during shear cutting, the crack formation is not significantly delayed by additional annealing. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys3040017 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys3040017 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-53767 SN - 2674-063X VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 281 EP - 294 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER -