TY - JOUR A1 - Vannahme, Anna A1 - Ehrenwirth, Mathias A1 - Schrag, Tobias T1 - Enhancement of a district heating substation as part of a low-investment optimization strategy for district heating systems JF - Resources N2 - In an ongoing project, low-investment measures for the optimization of district heating systems are analyzed. The optimization strategies are collected in a catalog, which is the core of a guideline. The application of this guideline is demonstrated using two concrete district heating networks as examples. In this study, the improvement of an analog controlled district heating substation by an electronic controller is investigated. High supply temperatures and heat losses are often a challenge in district heating networks. The district heating substations have a major influence on the network return temperatures. The comparison of the two substation setups with analog and electronic controllers is carried out by laboratory measurement. It can be shown that the return temperatures can be reduced by an average of 20 K in winter and transition, as well as 16 K in summer. The district heating network losses are calculated for one of both specific district heating networks. They are calculated from the ratio of network losses to generated energy. The generated energy is the sum of network losses and consumer demand. The thermal losses of the network can be reduced by 3%. The volume flow in the heating network can be reduced to a quarter. Therefore, the pumping energy requirement drops sharply since these changes cubically affect the volume flow UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/resources10050053 KW - district heating substation KW - control KW - optimization KW - local district heating networks KW - non-retrofitted single-family houses KW - thermal test rig Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/resources10050053 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10951 SN - 2079-9276 VL - 10 IS - 5 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marzahl, Christian A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Maier, Jennifer A1 - Bergler, Christian A1 - Kröger, Christine A1 - Voigt, Jörn A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Maier, Andreas T1 - EXACT: a collaboration toolset for algorithm-aided annotation of images with annotation version control JF - Scientific Reports N2 - In many research areas, scientific progress is accelerated by multidisciplinary access to image data and their interdisciplinary annotation. However, keeping track of these annotations to ensure a high-quality multi-purpose data set is a challenging and labour intensive task. We developed the open-source online platform EXACT (EXpert Algorithm Collaboration Tool) that enables the collaborative interdisciplinary analysis of images from different domains online and offline. EXACT supports multi-gigapixel medical whole slide images as well as image series with thousands of images. The software utilises a flexible plugin system that can be adapted to diverse applications such as counting mitotic figures with a screening mode, finding false annotations on a novel validation view, or using the latest deep learning image analysis technologies. This is combined with a version control system which makes it possible to keep track of changes in the data sets and, for example, to link the results of deep learning experiments to specific data set versions. EXACT is freely available and has already been successfully applied to a broad range of annotation tasks, including highly diverse applications like deep learning supported cytology scoring, interdisciplinary multi-centre whole slide image tumour annotation, and highly specialised whale sound spectroscopy clustering. UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83827-4 Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83827-4 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10943 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sánchez Morales, Eduardo A1 - Dauth, Julian A1 - Huber, Bertold A1 - García Higuera, Andrés A1 - Botsch, Michael T1 - High precision outdoor and indoor reference state estimation for testing autonomous vehicles JF - Sensors N2 - A current trend in automotive research is autonomous driving. For the proper testing and validation of automated driving functions a reference vehicle state is required. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are useful in the automation of the vehicles because of their practicality and accuracy. However, there are situations where the satellite signal is absent or unusable. This research work presents a methodology that addresses those situations, thus largely reducing the dependency of Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs) on the SatNav. The proposed methodology includes (1) a standstill recognition based on machine learning, (2) a detailed mathematical description of the horizontation of inertial measurements, (3) sensor fusion by means of statistical filtering, (4) an outlier detection for correction data, (5) a drift detector, and (6) a novel LiDAR-based Positioning Method (LbPM) for indoor navigation. The robustness and accuracy of the methodology are validated with a state-of-the-art INS with Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) correction data. The results obtained show a great improvement in the accuracy of vehicle state estimation under adverse driving conditions, such as when the correction data is corrupted, when there are extended periods with no correction data and in the case of drifting. The proposed LbPM method achieves an accuracy closely resembling that of a system with RTK. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041131 KW - machine learning KW - autonomous vehicles KW - Inertial Navigation System KW - Satellite Navigation KW - Real-Time Kinematic KW - indoor navigation KW - reference state Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041131 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10932 SN - 1424-8220 N1 - "This paper is an extended version of our paper published in : Sánchez Morales, E.; Botsch, M.; Huber, B.; García Higuera, A. High precision indoor positioning by means of LiDAR. In Proceedings of the 2019 DGON Inertial Sensors and Systems (ISS), Braunschweig, Germany, 10–11 September 2019." VL - 21 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sievert, Matti A1 - Stelzle, Florian A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Müller, Sarina K. A1 - Eckstein, Markus A1 - Oetter, Nicolai A1 - Maier, Andreas A1 - Mantsopoulos, Konstantinos A1 - Iro, Heinrich A1 - Goncalves, Miguel T1 - Intraoperative free margins assessment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with confocal laser endomicroscopy: a pilot study JF - European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head & Neck N2 - Purpose This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility of intraoperative assessment of safe margins with confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) during oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) surgery. Methods We included five consecutive patients confirmed OPSCC and planned tumor resection in September and October 2020. Healthy appearing mucosa in the marginal zone, and the tumor margin, were examined with CLE and biopsy during tumor resection. A total of 12,809 CLE frames were correlated with the gold standard of hematoxylin and eosin staining. Three head and neck surgeons and one pathologist were asked to identify carcinoma in a sample of 169 representative images, blinded to the histological results. Results Healthy mucosa showed epithelium with uniform size and shape with distinct cytoplasmic membranes and regular vessel architecture. CLE optical biopsy of OPSCC demonstrated a disorganized arrangement of variable cellular morphology. We calculated an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 86%, 90%, 79%, 88%, and 82%, respectively, with inter-rater reliability and κ-value of 0.60. Conclusion CLE can be easily integrated into the intraoperative setting, generate real-time, in-vivo microscopic images of the oropharynx for evaluation and demarcation of cancer. It can eventually contribute to a less radical approach by enabling a more precise evaluation of the cancer margin. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-06659-y KW - Confocal laser endomicroscopy KW - Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma KW - Safe surgical margins KW - Head and neck malignancies Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-06659-y UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10914 SN - 1434-4726 SN - 0937-4477 VL - 278 IS - 11 SP - 4433 EP - 4439 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehta, Kedar A1 - Ehrenwirth, Mathias A1 - Trinkl, Christoph A1 - Zörner, Wilfried A1 - Greenough, Richard T1 - The energy situation in Central Asia BT - a comprehensive energy review focusing on rural areas JF - Energies N2 - The northern part of the globe is dominated by industrialisation and is well-developed. For many years, the southern part of the world (South Asia, Africa etc.) has been a target of research concentrating on access to energy (mainly electricity) in rural regions. However, the Central Asian region has not been a focus of energy research compared to South East Asia and Africa. Despite plentiful domestically available energy resources, the energy supply in Central Asia is very unevenly distributed between urban and rural areas. Almost half of the total population of Central Asia lives in rural areas and there is a lack of access to modern energy services to meet primary needs. To analyse the energy situation (i.e., electricity, heating, hot water consumption, cooking, etc.) in rural Central Asia, this paper reviews residential energy consumption trends in rural Central Asian regions as compared to urban areas. Furthermore, the paper illustrates the potential of renewable energies in Central Asia. To perform the study, a qualitative comparative analysis was conducted based on a literature review, data, and statistical information. In summary, the presented article discusses the rural energy situation analytically and provides in-depth insights of Central Asian energy infrastructure. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102805 KW - Central Asia KW - energy resources KW - rural energy supply KW - energy services KW - renewable energy Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102805 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10908 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 14 IS - 10 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehta, Kedar A1 - Ehrenwirth, Mathias A1 - Missall, Siegmund A1 - Degembaeva, Nadira A1 - Akmatov, Kuban A1 - Zörner, Wilfried T1 - Energy Profiling of a High-Altitude Kyrgyz Community: Challenges and Motivations to Preserve Floodplain Ecosystems Based on Household Survey JF - Sustainability N2 - The floodplain areas along the Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan are essential as they hold the riparian (local) ecosystems because they provide firewood, pastureland, and areas for recreation and protection against erosion. Due to limited access to adequate, reliable, and sustainable energy services, the rural population usually derived their energy needs from multiple natural energy resources (i.e., firewood, charcoal, agricultural residues, animal dung, and wood branches). This is considered a common and predominant practice in rural Kyrgyzstan. This situation leads to a negative impact on local ecosystem services. In addition to that, the reliance on solid fuels contributes to indoor and outdoor air pollution, which is partially threatening the local ecosystem services. By contrast, the employment of renewable-based energy supply systems would substantially reduce the burden on the environment, which is mainly untapped. To integrate renewable energies, it is important to understand the energy behavior of floodplain communities. In that response, the presented article is the first attempt to capture the energy identity of the floodplain community of Kyrgyzstan based on a quantitative energy-based (on-site) household survey. Furthermore, the present research article synthesizes the driving factors that have a (direct or indirect) impact on the energy and local ecosystem services. In addition, the present article proposes a brief pathway for the sustainable energy transition. The article records the recommendation to integrate renewable energies to preserve the local ecosystems of Kyrgyzstan. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313086 KW - Central Asia KW - ecosystem services KW - energy pattern KW - energy profiling KW - floodplain community KW - high-altitude KW - household survey KW - Kyrgyzstan KW - renewable energies KW - sustainability Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313086 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10895 SN - 2071-1050 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Floodplain Ecology and Sustainable Restoration with Regard to Ecosystem Services" VL - 13 IS - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Obermaier, Christina A1 - Riebl, Raphael A1 - Al-Bayatti, Ali H. A1 - Khan, Sarmadullah A1 - Facchi, Christian T1 - Measuring the Realtime Capability of Parallel-Discrete-Event-Simulations JF - Electronics N2 - Speeding up Discrete Event Simulations (DESs) is a broad research field. Promising Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES) approaches with optimistic and conservative synchronisation schemes have emerged throughout the years. However, in the area of real-time simulation, PDESs are rarely considered. This is caused by the complex problem of fitting parallel executed DES models to a real-time clock. Hence, this paper gives an extensive review of existing conservative and optimistic synchronisation schemes for PDESs. It introduces a metric to compare their real-time capabilities to determine whether they can be used for soft or firm real-time simulation. Examples are given on how to apply this metric to evaluate PDESs using synthetic and real-world examples. The results of the investigation reveal that no final answer can be given if PDESs can be used for soft or firm real-time simulation as they are. However, boundary conditions were defined, which allow a use-case specific evaluation of the real-time capabilities of a certain parallel executed DES. Using this in-depth knowledge and can lead to predictability of the real-time behaviour of a simulation run. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060636 KW - real-time simulation KW - Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks KW - Discrete Event Simulation KW - network simulation Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060636 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10883 SN - 2079-9292 VL - 10 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trapp, Peter A1 - Meyer, Markus A1 - Facchi, Christian A1 - Janicke, Helge A1 - Siewe, François T1 - Building CPU Stubs to Optimize CPU Bound Systems: An Application of Dynamic Performance Stubs JF - International Journal on Advances in Software KW - software performance optimization KW - CPU bound systems KW - simulated software functionality KW - stubs KW - multi-core KW - multithreaded Y1 - 2011 UR - https://www.iariajournals.org/software/tocv4n12.html SN - 1942-2628 VL - 4 IS - 1&2 SP - 189 EP - 206 PB - IARIA CY - [s. l.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Doris T1 - "Der Schatz, den es zu heben gilt" BT - ekz-Führungskräftesaminar: "Betriebswirtschaftliche Steuerung in Bibliotheken mit Hilfe der Kosten- und Leistungsrechnung" JF - ekz-Report Y1 - 2007 SN - 1867-3406 VL - 2007 IS - 1 SP - 23 PB - ekz CY - Reutlingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Donhauser, Toni A1 - Endter, Udo A1 - Schmidt, Torben A1 - Franke, Jörg A1 - Baier, Lukas A1 - Schuderer, Peter T1 - Echtzeitabbild der Produktion BT - Betriebsbegleitende Materialflusssimulation JF - wt Werkstattstechnik online UR - https://doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2020-04 KW - Simulation KW - Materialfluss KW - Digitale Fabrik Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2020-04 SN - 1436-4980 VL - 110 IS - 4 SP - 214 EP - 219 PB - VDI Fachmedien CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Selmaier, Andreas A1 - Donhauser, Toni A1 - Lechler, Tobias A1 - Zeitler, Jochen A1 - Franke, Jörg T1 - Simulationsgestützte Produktionsplanung flexibler Fertigungssysteme BT - Konzeptionierung einer Materialflusssimulation mittels Echtzeitdaten für die flexible Serienfertigung JF - wt Werkstattstechnik online T2 - Simulation-based production planning of flexible manufacturing systems UR - https://doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2019-04 KW - Materialfluss KW - PPS (Produktionsplanung/-steuerung) KW - Simulation Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2019-04 SN - 1436-4980 VL - 109 IS - 4 SP - 242 EP - 249 PB - VDI Fachmedien CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Donhauser, Toni A1 - Baier, Lukas A1 - Ebersbach, Tobias A1 - Franke, Jörg A1 - Schuderer, Peter T1 - Simulationsbasierte Optimierung von Fabrikabläufen BT - Implementierung und Test eines Algorithmus zur ereignisbasierten Regelung der Materialflüsse JF - wt Werkstattstechnik online T2 - Simulation-based optimization of factory processes UR - https://doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2018-04-27 KW - Simulation KW - PPS (Produktionsplanung/-steuerung) KW - Materialfluss Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2018-04-27 SN - 1436-4980 VL - 108 IS - 4 SP - 221 EP - 227 PB - VDI Fachmedien CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eriksson, Lars A1 - Thomasson, Andreas A1 - Ekberg, Kristoffer A1 - Reig, Alberto A1 - Eifert, Mark A1 - Donatantonio, Fabrizio A1 - D'Amato, Antonio A1 - Arsie, Ivan A1 - Pianese, Cesare A1 - Otta, Pavel A1 - Held, Manne A1 - Vögele, Ulrich A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Look-ahead controls of heavy duty trucks on open roads — six benchmark solutions JF - Control Engineering Practice UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2018.10.014 KW - Engine model KW - Driveline model KW - Vehicle model KW - Control design KW - Optimal control Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2018.10.014 SN - 1873-6939 VL - 2019 IS - 83 SP - 45 EP - 66 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Dominik A1 - Vögele, Ulrich A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Model-based sensor data fusion of quasi-redundant voltage and current measurements in a lithium-ion battery module JF - Journal of Power Sources UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227156 KW - Battery model KW - Current sensor KW - Dual kalman filter KW - Sensor data fusion KW - State estimation KW - Weighted least squares Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227156 SN - 1873-2755 VL - 2019 IS - 440 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liebhart, Bernhard A1 - Komsiyska, Lidiya A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Passive impedance spectroscopy for monitoring lithium-ion battery cells during vehicle operation JF - Journal of Power Sources UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227297 KW - (Nonparametric) system identification KW - (Passive) impedance spectroscopy KW - Data-driven battery parameter estimation KW - Single-cell BMS Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227297 SN - 1873-2755 VL - 2020 IS - 449 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lewerenz, Meinert A1 - Rahe, Christiane A1 - Fuchs, Georg A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Sauer, Dirk Uwe T1 - Evaluation of shallow cycling on two types of uncompressed automotive Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2-Graphite pouch cells JF - Journal of Energy Storage UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101529 KW - NMC KW - Compression KW - Cyclic aging tests KW - Differential voltage analysis KW - Post-mortem analysis KW - Irreversible aging KW - Anode overhang KW - Homogeneity of lithium distribution Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101529 SN - 2352-1538 VL - 2020 IS - 30 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmid, Michael A1 - Vögele, Ulrich A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - A novel matrix-vector-based framework for modeling and simulation of electric vehicle battery packs JF - Journal of Energy Storage UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101736 KW - Electric vehicle KW - Lithium-ion battery pack KW - Control-oriented modeling KW - Electro-thermal model KW - Fault diagnosis KW - Performance analysis Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101736 SN - 2352-1538 VL - 2020 IS - 32 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liebhart, Bernhard A1 - Satzke, Martin A1 - Komsiyska, Lidiya A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Application of nonlinear impedance spectroscopy for the diagnosis of lithium-ion battery cells under various operating conditions JF - Journal of Power Sources UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228673 KW - Nonlinear impedance spectroscopy KW - Mechanical pressure KW - Frequency response functions KW - Volterra kernels Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228673 SN - 1873-2755 VL - 2020 IS - 480 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Axmann, Bernhard A1 - Harmoko, Harmoko T1 - The Five Dimensions of Digital Technology Assessment with the Focus on Robotic Process Automation (RPA) JF - Tehnički glasnik N2 - In Technology Management, the assessment of new digital technologies is a challenging process. Most assessments are focusing on cost & benefit. These approaches often fail because main points are neglected. In this paper, the holistic approach of "The Five Dimensions of Digital Technology Assessment" will be described with the example of RPA (Robotic Process Automation). RPA is one of the most promising technologies to save data processing efforts in the office. The Five Dimensions of RPA Assessment is performed by assessing the benefits, technology readiness, usability, company readiness, and the costs that burden the company in the RPA implementation. UR - https://doi.org/10.31803/tg-20210429105337 KW - assessment KW - benefit KW - company readiness KW - cost KW - RPA (Robotic Process Automation) KW - technology readiness KW - usability Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.31803/tg-20210429105337 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10395 SN - 1848-5588 VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 267 EP - 274 PB - University North CY - Koprivnica ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Axmann, Bernhard A1 - Harmoko, Harmoko T1 - Entwicklung eines Bewertungsinstruments für neue digitale Technologien in KMU BT - Teil 2: Am Beispiel der Künstlichen Intelligenz JF - Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb T2 - Development of an Assessment Tool for New Digital Technologies in SMEs UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/zwf-2021-0041 KW - Bewertungsmethode KW - Digitale Technologie KW - Technologiebereitschaft KW - Benutzerfreundlichkeit KW - Kosten KW - Assessment Method KW - Digital Technology KW - Technology Readiness KW - Usability KW - Cost Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/zwf-2021-0041 SN - 2511-0896 VL - 116 IS - 5 SP - 363 EP - 367 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER -