TY - THES A1 - Aydin, Berkan T1 - Revolution of the fully transparent luminescent solar concentrators and its impact on the world N2 - Rapidly increasing demand in energy allows room for constant improvement in renewable energy generation technologies. Solar energy usage is likely to increase even more in the recent years since the sun provides enough energy just in one hour that is sufficient to supply for whole humanity’s energy requirement in one year. This study initially explains the history of solar cells as well as how they function by utilizing the sun’s wavelengths. Following that, the current and future applications of solar energy is discussed briefly. In the first half of this decade, in 2013, the transparent solar cell technology was invented by MIT professors and since then it is accepted as future’s most effective way of producing energy. Considering the fact that the application areas such as integration in the buildings, car windows, greenhouses and other electrical applicants that has a screen to cover with transparent luminescent solar concentrators (TLSC) is extremely crucial in term of world’s 2030 and 2050 energy targets. This includes 32% and 100% sustainable energy shares, respectively. This study further examines the comparison of solar cell technologies such as newly emerging Perovskite and Quantum Dots by providing annual developments in efficiency. The quantum dots are used in TLSC in order to reflect the incoming sun’s ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths to panel’s PV cell where the electricity is generated. This technology is to be implemented through the simulation phase of this work. Referring to above explanation, this study is related to create a model island by using AutoCAD to demonstrate the city life in every aspect in terms of energy. There are 10 different structures with various window surfaces to be covered with TLSC in order to determine the electricity generation. The solar radiation that comes on vertical positioned panels must be identified to obtain possible electricity production. For that reason, MATLAB is utilized to find exact value of the vertical solar radiation. After obtaining the results, the manual calculations took place in order to approve that the numbers match. Being such a promising technology, the future prospects as financial point of views is investigated by using the price dropdown of the monocrystalline solar cell from 1975 to 2020. The possible future prices per Watt are effectively calculated by utilizing the trend between these years for 2030 and 2050 energy targets of the European Union. By using this trend, the future price dropdown of transparent luminescent solar concentrators is projected and if the model project were to take place in 2030 and 2050, the plausible budget belonging these years can be found. As a conclusion, world’s population is increasing day by day as the energy demand. Therefore, instead of constructing new renewable technologies in land areas that are limited, using TLSC on buildings and other implementation fields would result in compensating the rising electricity demand. Y1 - 2021 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11163 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Auer, Anne-Kristin T1 - Candidate Journey 2.0 BT - Welchen Einfluss haben Chatbots, E-Assessments und Co. auf die Candidate Experience? N2 - Der Kampf um die besten Bewerber auf dem Arbeitsmarkt wird immer größer. Neue Ideen für das Recruiting passender Bewerber ist notwendig und neue Möglichkeiten, vor allem Systeme werden in die Personalauswahl integriert. Wichtig zu wissen ist aber wie Bewerber diese Neuerungen sehen und welche Konsequenzen das für einen Bewerbungsprozess haben kann. In diesem Zusammenhang ist das Ziel der Forschung der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Gefühl dafür zu bekommen, welche Faktoren einen Einfluss auf das Empfinden der Bewerber haben. Dazu soll die folgende Forschungsfrage beantwortet werden: ,Welchen Einfluss haben Chatbots, E-Assessments und Co. auf die Candidate Experience?‘. Um die Forschungsfrage beantworten zu können, wurde eine qualitative Umfrage durchgeführt. Auf dieser Grundlage konnten Hypothesen aufgestellt und mithilfe eines Fragebogens und statistischer Auswertung überprüft werden. Die Antworten zeigten ein negatives Empfinden gegenüber Systemen, die auf künstlicher Intelligenz beruhen. Mit dem Grad der Einbindung in die Entscheidung steigt auch der negative Einfluss auf das Bewerberempfinden. Weitere Forschung könnten sich damit befassen, inwieweit die Kenntnis über Hintergründe der Analysen das Empfinden verändert. Y1 - 2021 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11157 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jauernig, Johanna A1 - Uhl, Matthias A1 - Valentinov, Vladislav T1 - The ethics of corporate hypocrisy: An experimental approach JF - Futures N2 - In the current landscape of management and business ethics scholarship, a prominent type of dissimulation is exemplified by corporate hypocrisy. The concept of corporate hypocrisy brings traditional morality to bear on the institutions of the modern society and thereby emphasizes the contested relationship between the research programs of individual and institutional ethics. Assuming that morality in the modern society resides in institutions rather than individuals, institutional ethics emphasizes limits to the ability of traditional morality to come to terms with the moral complexity of the market economy. The case of corporate hypocrisy shows however that traditional morality nurtures individual sensitivity to immoral behaviors which may undermine the modern institutional fabric theorized by institutional ethics. This argument is supported by our central experimental finding that the moral evaluation of individual and corporate hypocrisy is driven by essentially the same psychological mechanisms. Moreover, the experiment showed that both corporate and individual hypocrisy are condemned stronger than frankly wrong behavior even if their consequences are identical. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2021.102757 KW - Moral evaluation KW - Institutional ethics KW - Behavioral ethics KW - Greenwashing KW - (Self-) deception Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2021.102757 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11125 SN - 0016-3287 VL - 2021 IS - 131 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bodenschatz, Anja A1 - Uhl, Matthias A1 - Walkowitz, Gari T1 - Autonomous systems in ethical dilemmas BT - attitudes toward randomization JF - Computers in human behavior reports N2 - It is ethically debatable whether autonomous systems should be programmed to actively impose harm on some to avoid greater harm for others. Surveys on ethical dilemmas in self-driving cars’ programming have shown that people favor imposing harm on some people to save others from suffering and are consequently willing to sacrifice smaller groups to save larger ones in unavoidable accident situations. This is, if people are forced to directly impose harm. Contrary to humans, autonomous systems feature a salient deontological alternative for immediate decisions: the ability to randomize decisions over dilemmatic outcomes. To be applicable in democracies, randomization must correspond to people's moral intuition. In three studies (N = 935), we present empirical evidence that many people prefer to randomize between dilemmatic outcomes due to moral considerations. We find these preferences in hypothetical and incentivized decision-making situations. We also find that preferences are robust in different contexts and persist across Germany, with its Kantian cultural tradition, and the US, with its utilitarian cultural tradition. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100145 KW - Randomization attitudes KW - Ethical dilemmas KW - Autonomous systems KW - Machine ethics KW - Utilitarianism Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100145 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11109 SN - 2451-9588 VL - 2021 IS - 4 PB - Amsterdam CY - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kugele, Stefan A1 - Obergfell, Philipp A1 - Sax, Eric T1 - Model-based resource analysis and synthesis of service-oriented automotive software architectures JF - Software and Systems Modeling N2 - Context Automotive software architectures describe distributed functionality by an interaction of software components. One drawback of today’s architectures is their strong integration into the onboard communication network based on predefined dependencies at design time. The idea is to reduce this rigid integration and technological dependencies. To this end, service-oriented architecture offers a suitable methodology since network communication is dynamically established at run-time. Aim We target to provide a methodology for analysing hardware resources and synthesising automotive service-oriented architectures based on platform-independent service models. Subsequently, we focus on transforming these models into a platform-specific architecture realisation process following AUTOSAR Adaptive. Approach For the platform-independent part, we apply the concepts of design space exploration and simulation to analyse and synthesise deployment configurations, i. e., mapping services to hardware resources at an early development stage. We refine these configurations to AUTOSAR Adaptive software architecture models representing the necessary input for a subsequent implementation process for the platform-specific part. Result We present deployment configurations that are optimal for the usage of a given set of computing resources currently under consideration for our next generation of E/E architecture. We also provide simulation results that demonstrate the ability of these configurations to meet the run time requirements. Both results helped us to decide whether a particular configuration can be implemented. As a possible software toolchain for this purpose, we finally provide a prototype. Conclusion The use of models and their analysis are proper means to get there, but the quality and speed of development must also be considered. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-021-00896-9 KW - Service-oriented architecture KW - Real-time behaviour KW - Model-based design KW - Automotive architectures Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-021-00896-9 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11098 SN - 1619-1374 VL - 20 IS - 6 SP - 1945 EP - 1975 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kotak, Bhavya A1 - Kotak, Yash A1 - Brade, Katja A1 - Kubjatko, Tibor A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Battery Crush Test Procedures in Standards and Regulation: Need for Augmentation and Harmonisation JF - Batteries N2 - Battery safety is a prominent concern for the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs). The battery powering an EV contains highly energetic active materials and flammable organic electrolytes. Usually, an EV battery catches fire due to its thermal runaway, either immediately at the time of the accident or can take a while to gain enough heat to ignite the battery chemicals. There are numerous battery abuse testing standards and regulations available globally. Therefore, battery manufacturers are always in dilemma to choose the safest one. Henceforth, to find the optimal outcome of these two major issues, six standards (SAE J2464:2009, GB/T 31485-2015:2015, FreedomCAR:2006, ISO 12405-3:2014, IEC 62660-2:2010, and SAND2017-6295:2017) and two regulations (UN/ECE-R100.02:2013 and GTR 20:2018), that are followed by more than fifty countries in the world, are investigated in terms of their abuse battery testing conditions (crush test). This research proves that there is a need for (a) augmenting these standards and regulations as they do not consider real-life vehicle crash scenarios, and (b) one harmonised framework should be developed, which can be adopted worldwide. These outcomes will solve the battery manufacturers dilemma and will also increase the safety of EV consumers. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries7030063 KW - lithium-ion battery KW - electric vehicle battery KW - battery standard KW - battery regulation KW - battery testing standard KW - battery testing regulation KW - abuse testing KW - harmonising battery standard KW - crush test procedure KW - battery incidents KW - battery standard and regulation augmentation Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries7030063 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11083 SN - 2313-0105 VL - 7 IS - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bugaje, Aminu A1 - Ehrenwirth, Mathias A1 - Trinkl, Christoph A1 - Zörner, Wilfried T1 - Electric two-wheeler vehicle integration into rural off-grid photovoltaic system in Kenya JF - Energies N2 - In both rural and urban areas, two-wheeler vehicles are the most common means of transportation, contributing to local air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Transitioning to electric two-wheeler vehicles can help reduce GHG emissions while also increasing the socioeconomic status of people in rural Kenya. Renewable energy systems can play a significant role in charging electric two-wheeled vehicles, resulting in lower carbon emissions and increased renewable energy penetration in rural Kenya. As a result, using the Conventional and Renewable Energy Optimization (CARNOT) Toolbox in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, this paper focuses on integrating and modeling electric two-wheeled vehicles (e-bikes) into an off-grid photovoltaic Water-Energy Hub located in the Lake Victoria Region of Western Kenya. Electricity demand data obtained from the Water-Energy Hub was investigated and analyzed. Potential solar energy surplus was identified and the surplus was used to incorporate the electric two-wheeler vehicles. The energy consumption of the electric two-wheeler vehicles was also measured in the field based on the rider’s driving behavior. The modeling results revealed an annual power consumption of 27,267 kWh, a photovoltaic (PV) electricity production of 37,785 kWh, and an electricity deficit of 370 kWh. The annual results show that PV generation exceeds power consumption, implying that there should be no electricity deficit. The results, however, do not represent the results in hourly resolution, ignoring the impact of weather fluctuation on PV production. As a result, in order to comprehend the electricity deficit, hourly resolution results are shown. A load optimization method was designed to efficiently integrate the electric 2-wheeler vehicle into the Water-Energy Hub in order to alleviate the electricity deficit. The yearly electricity deficit was decreased to 1 kWh and the annual electricity consumption was raised by 11% (i.e., 30,767 kWh), which is enough to charge four more electric two-wheeler batteries daily using the load optimization technique. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237956 KW - Lake Victoria KW - photovoltaic KW - off-grid KW - model KW - electric two-wheeled vehicle KW - Water-Energy Hub KW - CARNOT Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237956 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11070 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 14 IS - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens T1 - A systematic review of virtual reality applications for automated driving: 2009–2020 JF - Frontiers in human dynamics N2 - While virtual reality (VR) interfaces have been researched extensively over the last decades, studies on their application in vehicles have only recently advanced. In this paper, we systematically review 12 years of VR research in the context of automated driving (AD), from 2009 to 2020. Due to the multitude of possibilities for studies with regard to VR technology, at present, the pool of findings is heterogeneous and non-transparent. We investigated N = 176 scientific papers of relevant journals and conferences with the goal to analyze the status quo of existing VR studies in AD, and to classify the related literature into application areas. We provide insights into the utilization of VR technology which is applicable at specific level of vehicle automation and for different users (drivers, passengers, pedestrians) and tasks. Results show that most studies focused on designing automotive experiences in VR, safety aspects, and vulnerable road users. Trust, simulator and motion sickness, and external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) also marked a significant portion of the published papers, however a wide range of different parameters was investigated by researchers. Finally, we discuss a set of open challenges, and give recommendation for future research in automated driving at the VR side of the reality-virtuality continuum. UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2021.689856 KW - virtual reality KW - automated driving KW - systematic review KW - user studies KW - augmented reality KW - user experience KW - usability KW - classifications Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2021.689856 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11067 SN - 2673-2726 VL - 3 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grundherr, Michael von A1 - Jauernig, Johanna A1 - Uhl, Matthias T1 - To condemn is not to punish BT - an experiment on hypocrisy JF - Games N2 - Hypocrisy is the act of claiming moral standards to which one’s own behavior does not conform. Instances of hypocrisy, such as the supposedly green furnishing group IKEA’s selling of furniture made from illegally felled wood, are frequently reported in the media. In a controlled and incentivized experiment, we investigate how observers rate different types of hypocritical behavior and if this judgment also translates into punishment. Results show that observers do, indeed, condemn hypocritical behavior strongly. The aversion to deceptive behavior is, in fact, so strong that even purely self-deceptive behavior is regarded as blameworthy. Observers who score high in the moral identity test have particularly strong reactions to acts of hypocrisy. The moral condemnation of hypocritical behavior, however, fails to produce a proportional amount of punishment. Punishment seems to be driven more by the violation of the norm of fair distribution than by moral pretense. From the viewpoint of positive retributivism, it is problematic if neither formal nor informal punishment follows moral condemnation. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/g12020038 KW - corporate hypocrisy KW - punishment KW - moral judgment KW - experimental ethics KW - behavioral ethics KW - moral identity Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/g12020038 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11032 SN - 2073-4336 VL - 12 IS - 2 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Borgmann, Stefan A1 - Meintrup, David A1 - Reimer, Kerstin A1 - Schels, Helmut A1 - Nowak-Machen, Martina T1 - Incidence and Death Rates from COVID-19 Are Not Always Coupled: An Analysis of Temporal Data on Local, Federal, and National Levels JF - Healthcare N2 - SARS-CoV-2 has caused a deadly pandemic worldwide, placing a burden on local health care systems and economies. Infection rates with SARS-CoV-2 and the related mortality of COVID-19 are not equal among countries or even neighboring regions. Based on data from official German health authorities since the beginning of the pandemic, we developed a case-fatality prediction model that correctly predicts COVID-19-related death rates based on local geographical developments of infection rates in Germany, Bavaria, and a local community district city within Upper Bavaria. Our data point towards the proposal that local individual infection thresholds, when reached, could lead to increasing mortality. Restrictive measures to minimize the spread of the virus could be applied locally based on the risk of reaching the individual threshold. Being able to predict the necessity for increasing hospitalization of COVID-19 patients could help local health care authorities to prepare for increasing patient numbers. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030338 KW - time series analysis KW - COVID-19 incidence KW - case-fatality rate KW - herd immunity KW - Upper Bavaria Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030338 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11023 SN - 2227-9032 VL - 9 IS - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Handwerker, Michael A1 - Kessler, Jörg A1 - Marzbani, Hormoz T1 - Comparison of hydrogen powertrains with the battery powered electric vehicle and investigation of small-scale local hydrogen production using renewable energy JF - Hydrogen N2 - Climate change is one of the major problems that people face in this century, with fossil fuel combustion engines being huge contributors. Currently, the battery powered electric vehicle is considered the predecessor, while hydrogen vehicles only have an insignificant market share. To evaluate if this is justified, different hydrogen power train technologies are analyzed and compared to the battery powered electric vehicle. Even though most research focuses on the hydrogen fuel cells, it is shown that, despite the lower efficiency, the often-neglected hydrogen combustion engine could be the right solution for transitioning away from fossil fuels. This is mainly due to the lower costs and possibility of the use of existing manufacturing infrastructure. To achieve a similar level of refueling comfort as with the battery powered electric vehicle, the economic and technological aspects of the local small-scale hydrogen production are being investigated. Due to the low efficiency and high prices for the required components, this domestically produced hydrogen cannot compete with hydrogen produced from fossil fuels on a larger scale. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen2010005 KW - hydrogen combustion engine KW - hydrogen fuel cell KW - small-scale hydrogen production KW - energy storage KW - alternative fuels KW - power-to-hydrogen Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen2010005 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11015 SN - 2673-4141 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 76 EP - 100 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meintrup, David A1 - Nowak-Machen, Martina A1 - Borgmann, Stefan T1 - Nine months of COVID-19 pandemic in Europe BT - a comparative time series analysis of cases and fatalities in 35 countries JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - (1) Background: to describe the dynamic of the pandemic across 35 European countries over a period of 9 months. (2) Methods: a three-phase time series model was fitted for 35 European countries, predicting deaths based on SARS-CoV-2 incidences. Hierarchical clustering resulted in three clusters of countries. A multiple regression model was developed predicting thresholds for COVID-19 incidences, coupled to death numbers. (3) Results: The model showed strongly connected deaths and incidences during the waves in spring and fall. The corrected case-fatality rates ranged from 2% to 20.7% in the first wave, and from 0.5% to 4.2% in the second wave. If the incidences stay below a threshold, predicted by the regression model (R2=85.0%), COVID-19 related deaths and incidences were not necessarily coupled. The clusters represented different regions in Europe, and the corrected case-fatality rates in each cluster flipped from high to low or vice versa. Severely and less severely affected countries flipped between the first and second wave. (4) Conclusions: COVID-19 incidences and related deaths were uncoupled during the summer but coupled during two waves. Once a country-specific threshold of infections is reached, death numbers will start to rise, allowing health care systems and countries to prepare. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126680 KW - COVID-19 KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - corrected case fatality rate KW - time series analysis KW - multiple regression KW - flip effect KW - death threshold Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126680 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-11001 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 18 IS - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meintrup, David A1 - Borgmann, Stefan A1 - Seidl, Karlheinz A1 - Stecher, Melanie A1 - Jakob, Carolin E. M. A1 - Pilgram, Lisa A1 - Spinner, Christoph D. A1 - Rieg, Siegbert A1 - Isberner, Nora A1 - Hower, Martin A1 - Vehreschild, Maria A1 - Göpel, Siri A1 - Hanses, Frank A1 - Nowak-Machen, Martina T1 - Specific Risk Factors for Fatal Outcome in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients BT - Results from a European Multicenter Study JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - (1) Background: The aim of our study was to identify specific risk factors for fatal outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients. (2) Methods: Our data set consisted of 840 patients enclosed in the LEOSS registry. Using lasso regression for variable selection, a multifactorial logistic regression model was fitted to the response variable survival. Specific risk factors and their odds ratios were derived. A nomogram was developed as a graphical representation of the model. (3) Results: 14 variables were identified as independent factors contributing to the risk of death for critically ill COVID-19 patients: age (OR 1.08, CI 1.06–1.10), cardiovascular disease (OR 1.64, CI 1.06–2.55), pulmonary disease (OR 1.87, CI 1.16–3.03), baseline Statin treatment (0.54, CI 0.33–0.87), oxygen saturation (unit = 1%, OR 0.94, CI 0.92–0.96), leukocytes (unit 1000/μL, OR 1.04, CI 1.01–1.07), lymphocytes (unit 100/μL, OR 0.96, CI 0.94–0.99), platelets (unit 100,000/μL, OR 0.70, CI 0.62–0.80), procalcitonin (unit ng/mL, OR 1.11, CI 1.05–1.18), kidney failure (OR 1.68, CI 1.05–2.70), congestive heart failure (OR 2.62, CI 1.11–6.21), severe liver failure (OR 4.93, CI 1.94–12.52), and a quick SOFA score of 3 (OR 1.78, CI 1.14–2.78). The nomogram graphically displays the importance of these 14 factors for mortality. (4) Conclusions: There are risk factors that are specific to the subpopulation of critically ill COVID-19 patients. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10173855 KW - COVID-19 KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - risk factors KW - critically ill patients KW - comorbidities KW - lasso regression KW - nomogram Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10173855 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10999 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 10 IS - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krügel, Sebastian A1 - Uhl, Matthias A1 - Balcombe, Bryn T1 - Automated vehicles and the morality of post-collision behavior JF - Ethics and Information Technology N2 - We address the considerations of the European Commission Expert Group on the ethics of connected and automated vehicles regarding data provision in the event of collisions. While human drivers’ appropriate post-collision behavior is clearly defined, regulations for automated driving do not provide for collision detection. We agree it is important to systematically incorporate citizens’ intuitions into the discourse on the ethics of automated vehicles. Therefore, we investigate whether people expect automated vehicles to behave like humans after an accident, even if this behavior does not directly affect the consequences of the accident. We find that appropriate post-collision behavior substantially influences people’s evaluation of the underlying crash scenario. Moreover, people clearly think that automated vehicles can and should record the accident, stop at the site, and call the police. They are even willing to pay for technological features that enable post-collision behavior. Our study might begin a research program on post-collision behavior, enriching the empirically informed study of automated driving ethics that so far exclusively focuses on pre-collision behavior. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-021-09607-w KW - Post-collision behavior KW - Detection of accidents KW - Accident data KW - Trolley KW - Experiment Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-021-09607-w UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10987 SN - 1572-8439 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 691 EP - 701 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmitt, Matthias A1 - Gottwalt, Albin A1 - Winkler, Jakob A1 - Tobie, Thomas A1 - Schlick, Georg A1 - Stahl, Karsten A1 - Tetzlaff, Ulrich A1 - Schlip, Johannes A1 - Reinhart, Gunther T1 - Carbon Particle In-Situ Alloying of the Case-Hardening Steel 16MnCr5 in Laser Powder Bed Fusion JF - Metals N2 - The carbon content of steel affects many of its essential properties, e.g., hardness and mechanical strength. In the powder bed fusion process of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M), usually, pre-alloyed metal powder is solidified layer-by-layer using a laser beam to create parts. A reduction of the carbon content in steels is observed during this process. This study examines adding carbon particles to the metal powder and in situ alloying in the PBF-LB/M process as a countermeasure. Suitable carbon particles are selected and their effect on the particle size distribution and homogeneity of the mixtures is analysed. The workability in PBF-LB is then shown. This is followed by an evaluation of the resulting mechanical properties (hardness and mechanical strength) and microstructure in the as-built state and the state after heat treatment. Furthermore, potential use cases like multi-material or functionally graded parts are discussed. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/met11060896 KW - additive manufacturing KW - PBF-LB/M KW - in situ alloying KW - case-hardening steel KW - 16MnCr5 KW - gears KW - multi-material Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/met11060896 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10976 SN - 2075-4701 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Additive Manufacturing of Metals VL - 11 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartmüller, Clemens A1 - Weigl, Klemens A1 - Löcken, Andreas A1 - Wintersberger, Philipp A1 - Steinhauser, Marco A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Displays for Productive Non-Driving Related Tasks: Visual Behavior and Its Impact in Conditionally Automated Driving JF - Multimodal Technologies and Interaction N2 - (1) Background: Primary driving tasks are increasingly being handled by vehicle automation so that support for non-driving related tasks (NDRTs) is becoming more and more important. In SAE L3 automation, vehicles can require the driver-passenger to take over driving controls, though. Interfaces for NDRTs must therefore guarantee safe operation and should also support productive work. (2) Method: We conducted a within-subjects driving simulator study (N=53) comparing Heads-Up Displays (HUDs) and Auditory Speech Displays (ASDs) for productive NDRT engagement. In this article, we assess the NDRT displays’ effectiveness by evaluating eye-tracking measures and setting them into relation to workload measures, self-ratings, and NDRT/take-over performance. (3) Results: Our data highlights substantially higher gaze dispersion but more extensive glances on the road center in the auditory condition than the HUD condition during automated driving. We further observed potentially safety-critical glance deviations from the road during take-overs after a HUD was used. These differences are reflected in self-ratings, workload indicators and take-over reaction times, but not in driving performance. (4) Conclusion: NDRT interfaces can influence visual attention even beyond their usage during automated driving. In particular, the HUD has resulted in safety-critical glances during manual driving after take-overs. We found this impacted workload and productivity but not driving performance UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5040021 KW - automated driving KW - take-over requests KW - conditional automation KW - non-driving related tasks KW - eye-tracking KW - performance KW - behavior KW - displays KW - productivity KW - visual attention Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5040021 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10965 SN - 2414-4088 VL - 5 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vannahme, Anna A1 - Ehrenwirth, Mathias A1 - Schrag, Tobias T1 - Enhancement of a district heating substation as part of a low-investment optimization strategy for district heating systems JF - Resources N2 - In an ongoing project, low-investment measures for the optimization of district heating systems are analyzed. The optimization strategies are collected in a catalog, which is the core of a guideline. The application of this guideline is demonstrated using two concrete district heating networks as examples. In this study, the improvement of an analog controlled district heating substation by an electronic controller is investigated. High supply temperatures and heat losses are often a challenge in district heating networks. The district heating substations have a major influence on the network return temperatures. The comparison of the two substation setups with analog and electronic controllers is carried out by laboratory measurement. It can be shown that the return temperatures can be reduced by an average of 20 K in winter and transition, as well as 16 K in summer. The district heating network losses are calculated for one of both specific district heating networks. They are calculated from the ratio of network losses to generated energy. The generated energy is the sum of network losses and consumer demand. The thermal losses of the network can be reduced by 3%. The volume flow in the heating network can be reduced to a quarter. Therefore, the pumping energy requirement drops sharply since these changes cubically affect the volume flow UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/resources10050053 KW - district heating substation KW - control KW - optimization KW - local district heating networks KW - non-retrofitted single-family houses KW - thermal test rig Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/resources10050053 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10951 SN - 2079-9276 VL - 10 IS - 5 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marzahl, Christian A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Maier, Jennifer A1 - Bergler, Christian A1 - Kröger, Christine A1 - Voigt, Jörn A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Maier, Andreas T1 - EXACT: a collaboration toolset for algorithm-aided annotation of images with annotation version control JF - Scientific Reports N2 - In many research areas, scientific progress is accelerated by multidisciplinary access to image data and their interdisciplinary annotation. However, keeping track of these annotations to ensure a high-quality multi-purpose data set is a challenging and labour intensive task. We developed the open-source online platform EXACT (EXpert Algorithm Collaboration Tool) that enables the collaborative interdisciplinary analysis of images from different domains online and offline. EXACT supports multi-gigapixel medical whole slide images as well as image series with thousands of images. The software utilises a flexible plugin system that can be adapted to diverse applications such as counting mitotic figures with a screening mode, finding false annotations on a novel validation view, or using the latest deep learning image analysis technologies. This is combined with a version control system which makes it possible to keep track of changes in the data sets and, for example, to link the results of deep learning experiments to specific data set versions. EXACT is freely available and has already been successfully applied to a broad range of annotation tasks, including highly diverse applications like deep learning supported cytology scoring, interdisciplinary multi-centre whole slide image tumour annotation, and highly specialised whale sound spectroscopy clustering. UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83827-4 Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83827-4 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10943 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sánchez Morales, Eduardo A1 - Dauth, Julian A1 - Huber, Bertold A1 - García Higuera, Andrés A1 - Botsch, Michael T1 - High precision outdoor and indoor reference state estimation for testing autonomous vehicles JF - Sensors N2 - A current trend in automotive research is autonomous driving. For the proper testing and validation of automated driving functions a reference vehicle state is required. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are useful in the automation of the vehicles because of their practicality and accuracy. However, there are situations where the satellite signal is absent or unusable. This research work presents a methodology that addresses those situations, thus largely reducing the dependency of Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs) on the SatNav. The proposed methodology includes (1) a standstill recognition based on machine learning, (2) a detailed mathematical description of the horizontation of inertial measurements, (3) sensor fusion by means of statistical filtering, (4) an outlier detection for correction data, (5) a drift detector, and (6) a novel LiDAR-based Positioning Method (LbPM) for indoor navigation. The robustness and accuracy of the methodology are validated with a state-of-the-art INS with Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) correction data. The results obtained show a great improvement in the accuracy of vehicle state estimation under adverse driving conditions, such as when the correction data is corrupted, when there are extended periods with no correction data and in the case of drifting. The proposed LbPM method achieves an accuracy closely resembling that of a system with RTK. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041131 KW - machine learning KW - autonomous vehicles KW - Inertial Navigation System KW - Satellite Navigation KW - Real-Time Kinematic KW - indoor navigation KW - reference state Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041131 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10932 SN - 1424-8220 N1 - "This paper is an extended version of our paper published in : Sánchez Morales, E.; Botsch, M.; Huber, B.; García Higuera, A. High precision indoor positioning by means of LiDAR. In Proceedings of the 2019 DGON Inertial Sensors and Systems (ISS), Braunschweig, Germany, 10–11 September 2019." VL - 21 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sievert, Matti A1 - Stelzle, Florian A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Müller, Sarina K. A1 - Eckstein, Markus A1 - Oetter, Nicolai A1 - Maier, Andreas A1 - Mantsopoulos, Konstantinos A1 - Iro, Heinrich A1 - Goncalves, Miguel T1 - Intraoperative free margins assessment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with confocal laser endomicroscopy: a pilot study JF - European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head & Neck N2 - Purpose This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility of intraoperative assessment of safe margins with confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) during oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) surgery. Methods We included five consecutive patients confirmed OPSCC and planned tumor resection in September and October 2020. Healthy appearing mucosa in the marginal zone, and the tumor margin, were examined with CLE and biopsy during tumor resection. A total of 12,809 CLE frames were correlated with the gold standard of hematoxylin and eosin staining. Three head and neck surgeons and one pathologist were asked to identify carcinoma in a sample of 169 representative images, blinded to the histological results. Results Healthy mucosa showed epithelium with uniform size and shape with distinct cytoplasmic membranes and regular vessel architecture. CLE optical biopsy of OPSCC demonstrated a disorganized arrangement of variable cellular morphology. We calculated an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 86%, 90%, 79%, 88%, and 82%, respectively, with inter-rater reliability and κ-value of 0.60. Conclusion CLE can be easily integrated into the intraoperative setting, generate real-time, in-vivo microscopic images of the oropharynx for evaluation and demarcation of cancer. It can eventually contribute to a less radical approach by enabling a more precise evaluation of the cancer margin. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-06659-y KW - Confocal laser endomicroscopy KW - Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma KW - Safe surgical margins KW - Head and neck malignancies Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-06659-y UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10914 SN - 1434-4726 SN - 0937-4477 VL - 278 IS - 11 SP - 4433 EP - 4439 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehta, Kedar A1 - Ehrenwirth, Mathias A1 - Trinkl, Christoph A1 - Zörner, Wilfried A1 - Greenough, Richard T1 - The energy situation in Central Asia BT - a comprehensive energy review focusing on rural areas JF - Energies N2 - The northern part of the globe is dominated by industrialisation and is well-developed. For many years, the southern part of the world (South Asia, Africa etc.) has been a target of research concentrating on access to energy (mainly electricity) in rural regions. However, the Central Asian region has not been a focus of energy research compared to South East Asia and Africa. Despite plentiful domestically available energy resources, the energy supply in Central Asia is very unevenly distributed between urban and rural areas. Almost half of the total population of Central Asia lives in rural areas and there is a lack of access to modern energy services to meet primary needs. To analyse the energy situation (i.e., electricity, heating, hot water consumption, cooking, etc.) in rural Central Asia, this paper reviews residential energy consumption trends in rural Central Asian regions as compared to urban areas. Furthermore, the paper illustrates the potential of renewable energies in Central Asia. To perform the study, a qualitative comparative analysis was conducted based on a literature review, data, and statistical information. In summary, the presented article discusses the rural energy situation analytically and provides in-depth insights of Central Asian energy infrastructure. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102805 KW - Central Asia KW - energy resources KW - rural energy supply KW - energy services KW - renewable energy Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102805 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10908 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 14 IS - 10 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehta, Kedar A1 - Ehrenwirth, Mathias A1 - Missall, Siegmund A1 - Degembaeva, Nadira A1 - Akmatov, Kuban A1 - Zörner, Wilfried T1 - Energy Profiling of a High-Altitude Kyrgyz Community: Challenges and Motivations to Preserve Floodplain Ecosystems Based on Household Survey JF - Sustainability N2 - The floodplain areas along the Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan are essential as they hold the riparian (local) ecosystems because they provide firewood, pastureland, and areas for recreation and protection against erosion. Due to limited access to adequate, reliable, and sustainable energy services, the rural population usually derived their energy needs from multiple natural energy resources (i.e., firewood, charcoal, agricultural residues, animal dung, and wood branches). This is considered a common and predominant practice in rural Kyrgyzstan. This situation leads to a negative impact on local ecosystem services. In addition to that, the reliance on solid fuels contributes to indoor and outdoor air pollution, which is partially threatening the local ecosystem services. By contrast, the employment of renewable-based energy supply systems would substantially reduce the burden on the environment, which is mainly untapped. To integrate renewable energies, it is important to understand the energy behavior of floodplain communities. In that response, the presented article is the first attempt to capture the energy identity of the floodplain community of Kyrgyzstan based on a quantitative energy-based (on-site) household survey. Furthermore, the present research article synthesizes the driving factors that have a (direct or indirect) impact on the energy and local ecosystem services. In addition, the present article proposes a brief pathway for the sustainable energy transition. The article records the recommendation to integrate renewable energies to preserve the local ecosystems of Kyrgyzstan. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313086 KW - Central Asia KW - ecosystem services KW - energy pattern KW - energy profiling KW - floodplain community KW - high-altitude KW - household survey KW - Kyrgyzstan KW - renewable energies KW - sustainability Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313086 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10895 SN - 2071-1050 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Floodplain Ecology and Sustainable Restoration with Regard to Ecosystem Services" VL - 13 IS - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Obermaier, Christina A1 - Riebl, Raphael A1 - Al-Bayatti, Ali H. A1 - Khan, Sarmadullah A1 - Facchi, Christian T1 - Measuring the Realtime Capability of Parallel-Discrete-Event-Simulations JF - Electronics N2 - Speeding up Discrete Event Simulations (DESs) is a broad research field. Promising Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES) approaches with optimistic and conservative synchronisation schemes have emerged throughout the years. However, in the area of real-time simulation, PDESs are rarely considered. This is caused by the complex problem of fitting parallel executed DES models to a real-time clock. Hence, this paper gives an extensive review of existing conservative and optimistic synchronisation schemes for PDESs. It introduces a metric to compare their real-time capabilities to determine whether they can be used for soft or firm real-time simulation. Examples are given on how to apply this metric to evaluate PDESs using synthetic and real-world examples. The results of the investigation reveal that no final answer can be given if PDESs can be used for soft or firm real-time simulation as they are. However, boundary conditions were defined, which allow a use-case specific evaluation of the real-time capabilities of a certain parallel executed DES. Using this in-depth knowledge and can lead to predictability of the real-time behaviour of a simulation run. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060636 KW - real-time simulation KW - Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks KW - Discrete Event Simulation KW - network simulation Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060636 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10883 SN - 2079-9292 VL - 10 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - THES A1 - Abu Mizar, Yazan Sufian Mah'd T1 - Decentralized project management for the gig economy using blockchain to ensure trust and reliable ranking N2 - The gig economy is growing in popularity as the labour market has shifted from a 9-to-5 job to project-based, independent work, enabled by the use of freelancing or digital work platforms that allow remote project-based collaboration and contact. Freelance platforms enable evaluation of users based on their reputation. Users' data and reputation must be protected from malicious attacks or tampering by the platform, so users must have condence in the platform. However, as far as freelance platforms are concerned, decentralized freelance platforms are being introduced thanks to blockchain technology, which is a trust-less system based on a peer-to-peer network. The focus of this paper is to improve a reputation system in the gig economy to build trust between freelancers and clients without relying on a third party. A systems approach is adopted to create a platform that meets the needs of the stakeholders. The proposed solution is based on blockchain, which dispenses with a need for a third party by using smart contracts to automate project execution and rank people based on their project management competencies. Finally, using the proposed decentralized project management platform, freelancers and clients can interact with smart contracts to record project parameters on the lockchain without relying on a third party. This is the first of three phases in developing a reliable rating system to maintain trust between parties. Y1 - 2021 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10873 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Tuma, Anita Veronika T1 - Künstliche Intelligenz in der Musik BT - Entwicklung eines Web-Interface zur Generierung von Musikstücken N2 - Vorangetrieben durch den technologischen Wandel wird die Musikindustrie zunehmend digitalisiert. Ein weiterer Fortschritt stellt der Einsatz von künstlicher Intelligenz in der digitalen Musikproduktion dar. Dabei wecken Musikstücke, die in Kooperation mit einer KI produziert wurden, zunehmend das öffentliche Interesse. Neben Musikkünstlern können auch Laien von der Integration einer KI in der Musikproduktion profitieren, da für die KI-unterstützte Musikgenerierung keine Fachkenntnisse mehr benötigt werden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, wie Nutzer bestmöglich im Prozess der Musikproduktion von einer künstlichen Intelligenz unterstützt werden können. Das Ziel ist die Konzeption und Gestaltung einer Webapplikation, in der sowohl Laien als auch erfahrene Künstler mit einer integrierten KI Musik produzieren können. Der Aufbau und die Vorgehensweise der Arbeit orientieren sich an den User-Centered Design Prozess. Um die individuellen Bedürfnisse der Zielgruppen berücksichtigen zu können, wurden die Benutzer anhand unterschiedlicher Methoden, wie Interviews und Nutzertests direkt in den iterativen Entwicklungsprozess einbezogen. Die Ergebnisse der Evaluation zeigen, dass die Webapplikation sowohl eine gute Nutzerfreundlichkeit aufweist, als auch ein gutes Nutzererlebnis ermöglicht. Zudem konnte festgestellt werden, dass die Anwendung einen positiven Effekt auf die persönlichen Meinungen von Probanden, bezüglich der Integration einer künstlichen Intelligenz in den Musikproduktionsprozess, hatte. Y1 - 2021 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10842 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Überall, Ferdinand T1 - Untersuchung unterschiedlicher Spannungsebenen in Kraftfahrzeugen N2 - In dieser Arbeit ist das Bordnetz als komplexes System beschrieben. Dabei ist das Ziel zu bestimmen, welche Aufgaben die einzelnen Spannungsebenen in einem Fahrzeug übernehmen. Hierzu wird folgende Forschungsfrage gestellt: „Warum ist es notwendig, in einem Fahrzeug mehrere Spannungsebene einzubringen und ist es möglich mit nur einer Bordnetz-Spannung das System zu betreiben?“ Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, ist eine Recherche durchgeführt worden, welche die aktuell verwendeten Spannungs-Bereiche untersucht und in Vergleich setzt. Das Ergebnis hieraus zeigt, dass jeder Spannungs-Bereich für seine jeweilige Funktion eine Daseinsberechtigung besitzt. So kommt man zu dem Entschluss, dass keine dieser Spannungsebenen so einfach ersetzt werden kann. Dennoch muss das Bordnetz zukünftig neu strukturiert und überdacht bzw. weiterentwickelt werden, um den stetig steigenden Ansprüchen auch in Zukunft gerecht zu werden. Y1 - 2021 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10838 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Wagenlehner, Lukas Simon T1 - Entwicklung eines Windows Kernel Treibers für PCIex/PXIe Datenerfassungskarten N2 - In der Bachelor Arbeit wird die Entwicklung eines Windows Kernel Treibers beschrieben. Der Treiber soll hierbei die ADQ-22 PXIe Karte ansteuern, welche von der Firma ALLDAQ entwickelt worden ist. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Digitale Ein- und Ausgabe Karte. Zur Implementierung des Treibers wird das WDF-Framework verwendet und die Programmiersprache C/C++. Zum Schluss wird noch auf das Debuggen und Tracing der entwickelten Software eingegangen. Y1 - 2021 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10808 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Weiß, Denis T1 - Temperatur- und Druckmessung im Kühlwasserkreislauf eines BMW Elektrorollers während eines Beschleunigungs- und Rekuperations-Fahrzyklus zur Überprüfung eines mittels GT-Suite-MP simulierten Thermomanagements Y1 - 2021 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10797 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - THES A1 - Agma, Yeliz T1 - Developing the system requirements for a charity CRM system BT - using the South African Social Enterprise Shonaquip as a case-study N2 - Many charity organisations all around the world struggle with tracking their created impact. One solution offered to those organisations by a wide range of software providers is so-called Customer Relationship Management programs, all of which are however more suited and optimised to be used in the business world instead. This is also the case for programs specifically designed for charity organisations. One of those organisations in desperate need of a tool to track their impact is the Shonaquip Social Enterprise in South Africa. Their mission is to provide quality wheelchairs and posture support devices to children with disabilities, while also increasing inclusion through advocacy and encouragement of people with special needs. This thesis is a contribution to the work of the social enterprise by developing the system requirements with the help of Systems Engineering for a charity Customer Relationship Management system, which aims to help them replace their current system of working with a high number of unrelated and unsorted spreadsheets. In the past, this system has often enough resulted in a high administration workload, limiting the enterprise in their main task of providing help to people in need. The new Customer Relationship Management system will allow the enterprise to track the impact it has on individuals more efficiently, keep in contact with donors and follow up on beneficiaries as a way of ensuring their well-being. This thesis and the list of system requirements shall however not be seen as limited to the needs of the Shonaquip Social Enterprise only, but all charity organisations in mind. Y1 - 2021 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10652 CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trapp, Peter A1 - Meyer, Markus A1 - Facchi, Christian A1 - Janicke, Helge A1 - Siewe, François T1 - Building CPU Stubs to Optimize CPU Bound Systems: An Application of Dynamic Performance Stubs JF - International Journal on Advances in Software KW - software performance optimization KW - CPU bound systems KW - simulated software functionality KW - stubs KW - multi-core KW - multithreaded Y1 - 2011 UR - https://www.iariajournals.org/software/tocv4n12.html SN - 1942-2628 VL - 4 IS - 1&2 SP - 189 EP - 206 PB - IARIA CY - [s. l.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Doris T1 - "Der Schatz, den es zu heben gilt" BT - ekz-Führungskräftesaminar: "Betriebswirtschaftliche Steuerung in Bibliotheken mit Hilfe der Kosten- und Leistungsrechnung" JF - ekz-Report Y1 - 2007 SN - 1867-3406 VL - 2007 IS - 1 SP - 23 PB - ekz CY - Reutlingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Donhauser, Toni A1 - Endter, Udo A1 - Schmidt, Torben A1 - Franke, Jörg A1 - Baier, Lukas A1 - Schuderer, Peter T1 - Echtzeitabbild der Produktion BT - Betriebsbegleitende Materialflusssimulation JF - wt Werkstattstechnik online UR - https://doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2020-04 KW - Simulation KW - Materialfluss KW - Digitale Fabrik Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2020-04 SN - 1436-4980 VL - 110 IS - 4 SP - 214 EP - 219 PB - VDI Fachmedien CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Selmaier, Andreas A1 - Donhauser, Toni A1 - Lechler, Tobias A1 - Zeitler, Jochen A1 - Franke, Jörg T1 - Simulationsgestützte Produktionsplanung flexibler Fertigungssysteme BT - Konzeptionierung einer Materialflusssimulation mittels Echtzeitdaten für die flexible Serienfertigung JF - wt Werkstattstechnik online T2 - Simulation-based production planning of flexible manufacturing systems UR - https://doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2019-04 KW - Materialfluss KW - PPS (Produktionsplanung/-steuerung) KW - Simulation Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2019-04 SN - 1436-4980 VL - 109 IS - 4 SP - 242 EP - 249 PB - VDI Fachmedien CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Donhauser, Toni A1 - Baier, Lukas A1 - Ebersbach, Tobias A1 - Franke, Jörg A1 - Schuderer, Peter T1 - Simulationsbasierte Optimierung von Fabrikabläufen BT - Implementierung und Test eines Algorithmus zur ereignisbasierten Regelung der Materialflüsse JF - wt Werkstattstechnik online T2 - Simulation-based optimization of factory processes UR - https://doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2018-04-27 KW - Simulation KW - PPS (Produktionsplanung/-steuerung) KW - Materialfluss Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2018-04-27 SN - 1436-4980 VL - 108 IS - 4 SP - 221 EP - 227 PB - VDI Fachmedien CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eriksson, Lars A1 - Thomasson, Andreas A1 - Ekberg, Kristoffer A1 - Reig, Alberto A1 - Eifert, Mark A1 - Donatantonio, Fabrizio A1 - D'Amato, Antonio A1 - Arsie, Ivan A1 - Pianese, Cesare A1 - Otta, Pavel A1 - Held, Manne A1 - Vögele, Ulrich A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Look-ahead controls of heavy duty trucks on open roads — six benchmark solutions JF - Control Engineering Practice UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2018.10.014 KW - Engine model KW - Driveline model KW - Vehicle model KW - Control design KW - Optimal control Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2018.10.014 SN - 1873-6939 VL - 2019 IS - 83 SP - 45 EP - 66 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Dominik A1 - Vögele, Ulrich A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Model-based sensor data fusion of quasi-redundant voltage and current measurements in a lithium-ion battery module JF - Journal of Power Sources UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227156 KW - Battery model KW - Current sensor KW - Dual kalman filter KW - Sensor data fusion KW - State estimation KW - Weighted least squares Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227156 SN - 1873-2755 VL - 2019 IS - 440 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liebhart, Bernhard A1 - Komsiyska, Lidiya A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Passive impedance spectroscopy for monitoring lithium-ion battery cells during vehicle operation JF - Journal of Power Sources UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227297 KW - (Nonparametric) system identification KW - (Passive) impedance spectroscopy KW - Data-driven battery parameter estimation KW - Single-cell BMS Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227297 SN - 1873-2755 VL - 2020 IS - 449 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lewerenz, Meinert A1 - Rahe, Christiane A1 - Fuchs, Georg A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Sauer, Dirk Uwe T1 - Evaluation of shallow cycling on two types of uncompressed automotive Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2-Graphite pouch cells JF - Journal of Energy Storage UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101529 KW - NMC KW - Compression KW - Cyclic aging tests KW - Differential voltage analysis KW - Post-mortem analysis KW - Irreversible aging KW - Anode overhang KW - Homogeneity of lithium distribution Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101529 SN - 2352-1538 VL - 2020 IS - 30 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmid, Michael A1 - Vögele, Ulrich A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - A novel matrix-vector-based framework for modeling and simulation of electric vehicle battery packs JF - Journal of Energy Storage UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101736 KW - Electric vehicle KW - Lithium-ion battery pack KW - Control-oriented modeling KW - Electro-thermal model KW - Fault diagnosis KW - Performance analysis Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101736 SN - 2352-1538 VL - 2020 IS - 32 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liebhart, Bernhard A1 - Satzke, Martin A1 - Komsiyska, Lidiya A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Application of nonlinear impedance spectroscopy for the diagnosis of lithium-ion battery cells under various operating conditions JF - Journal of Power Sources UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228673 KW - Nonlinear impedance spectroscopy KW - Mechanical pressure KW - Frequency response functions KW - Volterra kernels Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228673 SN - 1873-2755 VL - 2020 IS - 480 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Axmann, Bernhard A1 - Harmoko, Harmoko T1 - The Five Dimensions of Digital Technology Assessment with the Focus on Robotic Process Automation (RPA) JF - Tehnički glasnik N2 - In Technology Management, the assessment of new digital technologies is a challenging process. Most assessments are focusing on cost & benefit. These approaches often fail because main points are neglected. In this paper, the holistic approach of "The Five Dimensions of Digital Technology Assessment" will be described with the example of RPA (Robotic Process Automation). RPA is one of the most promising technologies to save data processing efforts in the office. The Five Dimensions of RPA Assessment is performed by assessing the benefits, technology readiness, usability, company readiness, and the costs that burden the company in the RPA implementation. UR - https://doi.org/10.31803/tg-20210429105337 KW - assessment KW - benefit KW - company readiness KW - cost KW - RPA (Robotic Process Automation) KW - technology readiness KW - usability Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.31803/tg-20210429105337 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10395 SN - 1848-5588 VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 267 EP - 274 PB - University North CY - Koprivnica ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Axmann, Bernhard A1 - Harmoko, Harmoko T1 - Entwicklung eines Bewertungsinstruments für neue digitale Technologien in KMU BT - Teil 2: Am Beispiel der Künstlichen Intelligenz JF - Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb T2 - Development of an Assessment Tool for New Digital Technologies in SMEs UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/zwf-2021-0041 KW - Bewertungsmethode KW - Digitale Technologie KW - Technologiebereitschaft KW - Benutzerfreundlichkeit KW - Kosten KW - Assessment Method KW - Digital Technology KW - Technology Readiness KW - Usability KW - Cost Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/zwf-2021-0041 SN - 2511-0896 VL - 116 IS - 5 SP - 363 EP - 367 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Axmann, Bernhard A1 - Harmoko, Harmoko T1 - Herausforderungen bei der Einführung neuer digitaler Technologien bei KMU Teil 1: Am Beispiel der Künstlichen Intelligenz JF - Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/zwf-2021-0040 KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - KMU KW - digitale Technologien Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/zwf-2021-0040 SN - 2511-0896 VL - 116 IS - 4 SP - 269 EP - 271 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Axmann, Bernhard A1 - Harmoko, Harmoko T1 - Industry 4.0 Readiness Assessment: Comparison of Tools and Introduction of New Tool for SME JF - Tehnički glasnik UR - https://doi.org/10.31803/tg-20200523195016 KW - data exchange KW - digitalization KW - hardware KW - Industry 4.0 KW - SMEs KW - software Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.31803/tg-20200523195016 SN - 1848-5588 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 212 EP - 217 PB - University North CY - Koprivnica ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Axmann, Bernhard A1 - Harmoko, Harmoko T1 - Der Industrie-4.0-Leitfaden für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen BT - Die dritte Richtlinie: Intelligente Logistik und Hardware JF - Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb UR - https://doi.org/10.3139/104.112259 Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.3139/104.112259 SN - 2511-0896 VL - 115 IS - 4 SP - 262 EP - 265 PB - Hanser CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Axmann, Bernhard A1 - Harmoko, Harmoko T1 - Der Industrie-4.0-Leitfaden für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen BT - Die zweite Richtlinie: Software JF - Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb UR - https://doi.org/10.3139/104.112249 Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.3139/104.112249 SN - 2511-0896 VL - 115 IS - 3 SP - 178 EP - 181 PB - Hanser CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Axmann, Bernhard A1 - Harmoko, Harmoko T1 - Der Industrie-4.0-Leitfaden für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen BT - Die erste Richtlinie: Daten BT - The First Readiness Pillar: Data JF - Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb T2 - The Guideline of Industry 4.0 for SMEs UR - https://doi.org/10.3139/104.112229 Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.3139/104.112229 SN - 2511-0896 VL - 115 IS - 1-2 SP - 94 EP - 97 PB - Hanser CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Axmann, Bernhard A1 - Hamberger, Werner A1 - Liegl, Thomas T1 - Digitalisierung der Fabrik – Datenqualität als Schlüssel zum Erfolg BT - Welchen Wert haben Daten? JF - Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb T2 - Digitalization of the Factory – Data Quality as the Key to Success UR - https://doi.org/10.3139/104.112083 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.3139/104.112083 SN - 2511-0896 VL - 114 IS - 5 SP - 302 EP - 305 PB - Hanser CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baier, Lukas A1 - Spindler, Simon A1 - Wacker, Manuel A1 - Schuderer, Peter A1 - Franke, Jörg T1 - Defining Batches under Consideration of Quality-Related Factors for Improved Failure and Scrap Analysis JF - Applied Mechanics and Materials UR - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.882.17 KW - Batch Definition KW - Batch ID KW - Batch Number KW - Bulk Goods KW - Identification KW - Traceability Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.882.17 SN - 1662-7482 VL - 882 SP - 17 EP - 23 PB - Trans Tech Publications CY - Baech ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stummeyer, Christian ED - Stummeyer, Christian ED - Köber, Benno T1 - Ökonomische Analyse des Amazon Marketplace-Geschäfts T2 - Amazon für Entscheider : Strategieentwicklung, Implementierung und Fallstudien für Hersteller und Händler UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27427-6_3 Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27427-6_3 SN - 978-3-658-27427-6 SN - 978-3-658-27426-9 SP - 51 EP - 62 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bader, Martin A1 - Stummeyer, Christian ED - Baierl, Ronny ED - Behrens, Judith ED - Brem, Alexander T1 - The Role of Innovation and IP in AI-Based Business Models T2 - Digital Entrepreneurship: Interfaces Between Digital Technologies and Entrepreneurship UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20138-8_2 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20138-8_2 SN - 978-3-030-20138-8 SN - 978-3-030-20137-1 SP - 23 EP - 56 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stummeyer, Christian ED - Nissen, Volker T1 - Case Study: Digital Consulting for Dental Practices by Benchmarking T2 - Advances in Consulting Research: Recent Findings and Practical Cases UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95999-3_18 Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95999-3_18 SN - 978-3-319-95999-3 SN - 978-3-319-95998-6 SP - 371 EP - 383 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stummeyer, Christian ED - Stummeyer, Christian ED - Köber, Benno T1 - Amazons Masterplan T2 - Amazon für Entscheider : Strategieentwicklung, Implementierung und Fallstudien für Hersteller und Händler UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27427-6_1 KW - Amazon.com Inc. KW - Electronic Commerce KW - Händler KW - Strategie Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27427-6_1 SN - 978-3-658-27427-6 SN - 978-3-658-27426-9 SP - 3 EP - 31 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stummeyer, Christian ED - Fend, Lars ED - Hofmann, Jürgen T1 - Ausgewählte Aspekte bei der Gestaltung von Digital Services T2 - Digitalisierung in Industrie-, Handels- und Dienstleistungsunternehmen: Konzepte - Lösungen - Beispiele Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-658-21905-5 SN - 978-3-658-21904-8 SP - 53 EP - 65 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stummeyer, Christian ED - Fend, Lars ED - Hofmann, Jürgen T1 - Digitalisierung im Möbelhandel T2 - Digitalisierung in Industrie-, Handels- und Dienstleistungsunternehmen: Konzepte - Lösungen - Beispiele UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-26964-7_16 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-26964-7_16 SN - 978-3-658-26964-7 SN - 978-3-658-26963-0 SP - 305 EP - 320 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ET - 2., aktualisierte und überarbeitete Auflage ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stummeyer, Christian ED - Fend, Lars ED - Hofmann, Jürgen T1 - Digitalisierung im Möbelhandel T2 - Digitalisierung in Industrie-, Handels- und Dienstleistungsunternehmen: Konzepte - Lösungen - Beispiele Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-658-21905-5 SN - 978-3-658-21904-8 SP - 269 EP - 284 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stummeyer, Christian ED - Fend, Lars ED - Hofmann, Jürgen T1 - Ausgewählte Aspekte bei der Gestaltung von Digital Services T2 - Digitalisierung in Industrie-, Handels- und Dienstleistungsunternehmen: Konzepte - Lösungen - Beispiele UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-26964-7_3 KW - Industriebetrieb KW - Handelsbetrieb KW - Dienstleistungsbetrieb KW - Digitalisierung KW - Unternehmen Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-26964-7_3 SN - 978-3-658-26964-7 SN - 978-3-658-26963-0 SP - 63 EP - 75 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ET - 2., aktualisierte und überarbeitete Auflage ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geisbauer, Christian A1 - Wöhrl, Katharina A1 - Mittmann, Christoph A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Review of Safety Aspects of Calendar Aged Lithium Ion Batteries JF - Journal of the Electrochemical Society N2 - Nowadays, lithium ion batteries have found their place in a various field of portable applications. With the upcoming of electrically propelled vehicles, it is mandatory to guarantee a safe and predictable behavior during the whole lifetime and not only after manufacturing during performance tests. To gain a general overview of the abuse behavior, research on the topic of abusive tests on calendar-aged cells is being investigated, split up depending on the electrode composition and lined up against each other. It can be shown, that almost all abuse experiments have been performed with external heating tests in the past, still leaving research gaps that need to be filled. UR - https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab89bf Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab89bf UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10183 SN - 1945-7111 VL - 167 IS - 9 PB - IOP Publishing CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lausch, Jonas A1 - Takla, Monir A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Crush testing approach for flat-plate fibrous materials JF - Composites Part B: Engineering UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108333 KW - Plates KW - Mechanical properties KW - Impact behavior KW - Mechanical testing KW - Energy absorption Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108333 SN - 1879-1069 VL - 2020 IS - 200 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kostetzer, Lucas A1 - Nebl, Christoph A1 - Stich, Michael A1 - Bund, Andreas A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Physics-Based Modeling and Parameter Identification for Lithium Ion Batteries Under High Current Discharge Conditions JF - Journal of the Electrochemical Society UR - https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abc726 Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abc726 SN - 1945-7111 VL - 167 IS - 14 PB - IOP Publishing CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ahlberg Tidblad, Annika A1 - Edström, Kristina A1 - Hernández, Guiomar A1 - de Meatza, Iratxe A1 - Landa-Medrano, Imanol A1 - Jacas Biendicho, Jordi A1 - Trilla, Lluís A1 - Buysse, Maarten A1 - Ierides, Marcos A1 - Perez Horno, Beatriz A1 - Kotak, Yash A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg A1 - Koch, Daniel A1 - Kotak, Bhavya T1 - Future Material Developments for Electric Vehicle Battery Cells Answering Growing Demands from an End-User Perspective JF - Energies N2 - Nowadays, batteries for electric vehicles are expected to have a high energy density, allow fast charging and maintain long cycle life, while providing affordable traction, and complying with stringent safety and environmental standards. Extensive research on novel materials at cell level is hence needed for the continuous improvement of the batteries coupled towards achieving these requirements. This article firstly delves into future developments in electric vehicles from a technology perspective, and the perspective of changing end-user demands. After these end-user needs are defined, their translation into future battery requirements is described. A detailed review of expected material developments follows, to address these dynamic and changing needs. Developments on anodes, cathodes, electrolyte and cell level will be discussed. Finally, a special section will discuss the safety aspects with these increasing end-user demands and how to overcome these issues. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144223 KW - electric vehicle KW - battery material KW - anode KW - cathode KW - electrolyte KW - battery safety KW - end-user demands Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144223 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10149 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 14 IS - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Komsiyska, Lidiya A1 - Buchberger, Tobias A1 - Diehl, Simon A1 - Ehrensberger, Moritz A1 - Hanzl, Christian A1 - Hartmann, Christoph A1 - Hölzle, Markus A1 - Kleiner, Jan A1 - Lewerenz, Meinert A1 - Liebhart, Bernhard A1 - Schmid, Michael A1 - Schneider, Dominik A1 - Speer, Sascha A1 - Stöttner, Julia A1 - Terbrack, Christoph A1 - Hinterberger, Michael A1 - Endisch, Christian T1 - Critical review of intelligent battery systems BT - challenges, implementation, and potential for electric vehicles JF - Energies N2 - This review provides an overview of new strategies to address the current challenges of automotive battery systems: Intelligent Battery Systems. They have the potential to make battery systems more performant and future-proof for coming generations of electric vehicles. The essential features of Intelligent Battery Systems are the accurate and robust determination of cell individual states and the ability to control the current of each cell by reconfiguration. They enable high-level functions like fault diagnostics, multi-objective balancing strategies, multilevel inverters, and hybrid energy storage systems. State of the art and recent advances in these topics are compiled and critically discussed in this article. A comprising, critical discussion of the implementation aspects of Intelligent Battery Systems complements the review. We touch on sensing, battery topologies and management, switching elements, communication architecture, and impact on the single-cell. This review contributes to transferring the best technologies from research to product development. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185989 KW - smart battery KW - intelligent battery system KW - advanced monitoring KW - reconfigurable battery KW - battery management system KW - electric vehicle Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185989 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10132 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 14 IS - 18 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wöhrl, Katharina A1 - Geisbauer, Christian A1 - Nebl, Christoph A1 - Lott, Susanne A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Crashed Electric Vehicle Handling and Recommendations - State of the Art in Germany JF - Energies N2 - In the near future, electric powered vehicles will represent a major part of the road traffic. Accordingly, there will be a natural increase of accidents involving electric vehicles. There are not many cases of such accidents yet and therefore the experience and correct handling are still partially open points for the involved parties, such as the rescue services for example. The aim of this work is to provide a complete overview of the accident handling sequence in Germany, starting with the damaged vehicle on site and moving on to the risks and challenges for the stakeholders, such as transport and recycling companies. Arising from the developed overview, a handling recommendation for yet undiscussed points is given. Especially, different extinguishing and deactivation methods are compared and discussed. Due to a lack of a common live-feed from battery data on site, other criteria have to be taken into account to assess the state of the battery. The wrecked vehicle—including the high voltage system—needs to be in a definite safe state at the handover to a towing service. Depending on the case, different options for securing the vehicle will be considered in this work. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041040 KW - electric vehicle KW - battery KW - high voltage KW - accident KW - recommendation KW - energy storage KW - thermal runaway KW - fire extinguishing KW - rescue service KW - handling Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041040 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10123 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 14 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kotak, Yash A1 - Marchante Fernández, Carlos A1 - Canals Casals, Lluc A1 - Kotak, Bhavya A1 - Koch, Daniel A1 - Geisbauer, Christian A1 - Trilla, Lluís A1 - Gómez-Nuñez, Alberto A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - End of Electric Vehicle Batteries BT - Reuse vs. Recycle JF - Energies N2 - It is a fact that electric vehicles (EVs) are beneficial for climate protection. However, the current challenge is to decide on whether to reuse an EV battery or to recycle it after its first use. This paper theoretically investigates these areas i.e., recycle and reuse. It was found that there are several commercially used recycling processes and also some are under research to regain maximum possible materials and quantity. The concept of reusing (second life) of the battery is promising because, at the end of the first life, batteries from EVs can be used in several applications such as storing energy generated from renewable sources to support the government grid. However, the cost and life-cycle analysis (LCA) demonstrated that there are several aspects involved in battery reuse applications. Henceforth, one LCA generalised method cannot provide an optimal approach for all cases. It is important to have a detailed study on each of the battery reusing applications. Until then, it is safe to say that reusing the battery is a good option as it would give some time to recycling companies to develop cost and energy-efficient methods. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082217 KW - battery recycling KW - battery reuse KW - battery second life KW - circular economy KW - lithium-ion cells KW - electric vehicles KW - battery components recycling KW - sustainability in mobility KW - battery safety KW - battery cost analysis Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082217 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10115 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 14 IS - 8 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lausch, Jonas A1 - Takla, Monir A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Crush characteristics of flat-plate discontinuous carbon composites JF - Composites Part A: Applied science and manufacturing UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106431 Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106431 SN - 1359-835X VL - 147 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geisbauer, Christian A1 - Wöhrl, Katharina A1 - Koch, Daniel A1 - Wilhelm, Gudrun A1 - Schneider, Gerhard A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Comparative Study on the Calendar Aging Behavior of Six Different Lithium-Ion Cell Chemistries in Terms of Parameter Variation JF - Energies N2 - The degradation of lithium-ion cells is an important aspect, not only for quality management, but also for the customer of the application like, e.g., scooters or electric vehicles. During the lifetime of the system, the overall health on the battery plays a key role in its depreciation. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the health of the battery during operation, i.e., cycle life, but also during stationary conditions, i.e., calendar aging. In this work, the degradation due to calendar aging is analyzed for six different cell chemistries in terms of capacity degradation and impedance increase and their performance are being compared. In a new proposed metric, the relative deviations between various cells with the exact identical aging history are being analyzed for their degradation effects and their differences, which stands out in comparison to similar research. The capacity loss was found to be most drastic at 60 °C and at higher storage voltages, even for titanate-oxide cells. LiNiMnCoO2 (NMC), LiNiCoAlO2 (NCA) and Li2TiO3 (LTO) cells at 60 °C showed the most drastic capacity decrease. NMC and NCA cells at 60 °C and highest storage voltage did not show any open circuit voltage, as their current interrupt mechanism triggered. The effect of aging shows no uniform impact on the changes in the capacity variance when comparing different aging conditions, with respect to the evaluated standard deviation for all cells. The focus of this work was on the calendar aging effect and may be supplemented in a second study for cyclic aging. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113358 KW - electromobility KW - batteries KW - lithium-ion KW - calendar aging KW - electric vehicle KW - capacity degradation KW - storage KW - parameter distribution Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113358 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10091 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 14 IS - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riegler, Andreas A1 - Wintersberger, Philipp A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Holzmann, Clemens T1 - Augmented Reality Windshield Displays and Their Potential to Enhance User Experience in Automated Driving JF - i-com: Journal of Interactive Media UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/icom-2018-0033 KW - windshield displays KW - head-up displays KW - user preferences KW - automated driving KW - heatmaps Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/icom-2018-0033 SN - 2196-6826 VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 127 EP - 149 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frison, Anna-Katharina A1 - Wintersberger, Philipp A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Resurrecting the ghost in the shell: a need-centered development approach for optimizing user experience in highly automated vehicles JF - Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.08.001 KW - automated driving KW - user experience KW - user acceptance KW - SAE J3016 KW - psychological needs KW - ISO 9241-210 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.08.001 SN - 1873-5517 VL - 2019 IS - 65 SP - 439 EP - 456 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hasirlioglu, Sinan A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - A General Approach for Simulating Rain Effects on Sensor Data in Real and Virtual Environments JF - IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TIV.2019.2960944 KW - Environmental perception KW - computer vision KW - sensors KW - simulation KW - adverse weather KW - automated vehicles Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TIV.2019.2960944 SN - 2379-8904 VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 426 EP - 438 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kundinger, Thomas A1 - Yalavarthi, Phani Krishna A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Wintersberger, Philipp A1 - Schartmüller, Clemens T1 - Feasibility of smart wearables for driver drowsiness detection and its potential among different age groups JF - International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications UR - https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPCC-03-2019-0017 KW - wearable devices KW - physiological measures KW - driver drowsiness detection KW - advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) KW - simulator study KW - active safety KW - driver monitoring KW - heart rate variability (HRV) KW - machine learning Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPCC-03-2019-0017 SN - 1742-7371 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Emerald CY - Bingley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Doris A1 - Kempf, Klaus T1 - Der Aufbau der neuen bayerischen Fachhochschulbibliotheken - eine Erfolgsgeschichte JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern Y1 - 1999 SN - 0340-000X VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 50 EP - 73 PB - K.G. Saur CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Doris A1 - Kempf, Klaus T1 - Outsourcing in der Monographienerwerbung - neue Wege in kleinen Bibliotheken BT - ein Pilotprojekt der Fachhochschulbibliothek Ingolstadt JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern N2 - Ein Pilotprojekt der Fachhochschulbibliothek Ingolstadt Y1 - 2000 SN - 0340-000X VL - 28 IS - 1 SP - 93 EP - 110 PB - K. G. Saur CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Doris A1 - Greubel, Roland A1 - Hänel, Matthias A1 - Höld, Günter A1 - Kilchert, Gunthild A1 - Stöcker, Verena A1 - Wasner, Werner T1 - Fit für die Informationsgesellschaft BT - Entwicklungsplan der bayerischen Fachhochschulbibliotheken 2001 - 2005 JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern Y1 - 2001 UR - http://www.bib-bvb.de/web/bhb/veroeffentlichungen_2001- SN - 0340-000X N1 - Im Auftrag der Konferenz der bayerischen Fachhochschulbibliotheken erstellt. VL - 29 IS - 3 SP - 174 EP - 239 PB - K. G. Saur CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Doris T1 - Die Fachhochschulbibliothek Ingolstadt - eine Traumbibliothek? JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern Y1 - 2002 UR - https://www.bib-bvb.de/web/bhb/veroeffentlichungen_2001- SN - 0340-000X VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 186 EP - 198 PB - K.G. Saur CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Doris T1 - Fit für die Wissensgesellschaft BT - Die Teaching Library als eine Antwort auf Pisa und SteFi: Konzepte und Erfahrungen am Beispiel der Fachhochschulbibliothek Ingolstadt JF - BuB: Forum Bibliothek und Information Y1 - 2005 UR - https://www.b-u-b.de/archiv/pdf-archiv-bub/pdf-archiv-detailseite/1/2005 SN - 1869-1137 VL - 57 IS - 1 SP - 28 EP - 34 PB - Bock + Herchen CY - Bad Honnef ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Doris T1 - Ein Logo? Na Logo! Wettbewerb der bayerischen FH-Bibliotheken JF - BuB: Forum Bibliothek und Information Y1 - 2003 UR - https://www.b-u-b.de/archiv/pdf-archiv-bub/pdf-archiv-detailseite/12/2003 SN - 1869-1137 VL - 55 IS - 12 SP - 689 EP - 690 PB - Bock + Herchen CY - Bad Honnef ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Doris T1 - Keine halben Bücher mehr! Das neue Etatbedarfs- und -verteilungsmodell für die bayerischen Fachhochschulbibliotheken - belastbar, tragfähig und einfach fortzuschreiben JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern N2 - Die bayerischen Fachhochschulbibliotheken verzeichnen seit Jahren einen unzureichenden Erwerbungsetat. Nur durch strukturelle Verbesserungen mit einer systematischen und nachvollziehbaren Zuweisung von Bibliotheksmitteln kann die Situation auf Dauer verbessert werden. Eine Arbeitsgruppe erarbeitete ein Etatbedarfs- und -verteilungsmodell, das den Bedarf der bayerischen Fachhochschulbibliotheken definierte und von den Präsidenten und Rektoren der bayerischen Fachhochschulen verabschiedet wurde. Die Arbeitsgruppe verständigte sich auf ein Säulenmodell zur Finanzierung: jeweils ein Drittel der benötigten Etatmittel soll aus originären Haushaltsmitteln, den Studienbeiträgen und eingeworbenen Drittmitteln finanziert werden. Das Etatmodell beruht auf den Grundparametern Studentenzahl, Literaturpreis und Literaturbedarf und setzt sich aus fünf Modulen zusammen: fachlich zugeordnete Monographienliteratur, fächerübergreifende Literatur, Zeitschriften, elektronische Fachinformation und Einbandkosten. Das Berechnungsmodell kann außerdem zur Etatverteilung innerhalb einer Fachhochschule und zwischen den Fachhochschulbibliotheken verwendet werden. Y1 - 2007 UR - https://www.bibliotheksforum-bayern.de/archiv/2007/heft-2-2007 SN - 0340-000X VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - 102 EP - 105 PB - Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Veitinger, Daniela T1 - Was machen eigentlich Bibliothekare den ganzen Tag? Bericht einer Auszubildenden JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern Y1 - 2007 UR - https://www.bibliotheksforum-bayern.de/archiv/2007/heft-3-2007 SN - 0340-000X VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - 165 EP - 166 PB - Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Doris T1 - Zum ersten Mal in Bayern: FaMI-Ausbildung an einer Hochschulbibliothek JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern Y1 - 2007 UR - https://www.bibliotheksforum-bayern.de/archiv/2007/heft-3-2007 SN - 0340-000X VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - 160 EP - 162 PB - Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartholomé, Thomas T1 - Da ist mehr drin: Kooperative Steigerung der Servicequalität bayerischer Fachhochschulbibliotheken in der Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern Y1 - 2008 UR - https://www.bibliotheksforum-bayern.de/index.php?id=88 SN - 0340-000X VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 180 EP - 181 PB - Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Doris T1 - Mit Erasmus in die weite Bibliothekswelt BT - Zwei Mitarbeiter der Hochschulbibliothek Ingolstadt verlegten ihre Arbeit für eine Woche in den Norden JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern Y1 - 2009 UR - https://www.bibliotheksforum-bayern.de/archiv/2009/heft-2-2009 SN - 0340-000X VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 122 PB - Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Doris T1 - Kooperation mit Beruflichen Oberschulen JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern N2 - Über 50 % der Studienanfänger der Hochschule Ingolstadt kommen von den Beruflichen Oberschulen Bayern. Die Hochschulbibliothek bietet deshalb speziell für diese Schülergruppe Veranstaltungen an. Y1 - 2009 UR - https://www.bibliotheksforum-bayern.de/archiv/2009/heft-2-2009 SN - 0340-000X VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 83 EP - 84 PB - Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Doris T1 - Service auf den Punkt gebracht BT - Der neue ServicePoint von Bibliothek und IT in der Hochschulbibliothek Ingolstadt JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern Y1 - 2010 UR - https://www.bibliotheksforum-bayern.de/archiv/2010/heft-1-2010 SN - 0340-000X VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 20 PB - Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Doris A1 - Liebe, Theo T1 - Paradies mit Regalen BT - Die Arbeitsgruppe Bau der bayerischen Fachhochschulbibliotheken JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern N2 - Innovationsbündnis 2013, Konjunkturpaket II, Studienbeiträge – Geld ohne Ende? Neubau, Sanierung, Umbau – Aufgaben ohne Ende? Architekten, Bauingenieure, Bibliothekare – Planung ohne Ende? Um für diese offenen Fragen eine Basis für Antworten zu schaffen, wurde die Arbeitsgruppe Bau der bayerischen (Fach-)Hochschulbibliotheken gegründet. Der Beitrag stellt die Arbeitsgruppe sowie deren Ergebnisse vor. Arbeitshilfen und Planungsgrundlagen sind Teil dieser kollegialen Beratung. Keine statischen Anleitungen oder gar Anweisungen, sondern dynamische Hilfen und Grundlagen, welche jederzeit verfügbar sind und fortgeschrieben werden. Im zweiten Teil folgt ein Bericht zum Workshop „Braucht die Bibliothek der Zukunft noch Regale?“. Nicht nur diese Frage, auch die grundsätzliche Konzeption einer Bibliothek beschäftigte die Teilnehmer. Y1 - 2010 UR - https://www.bibliotheksforum-bayern.de/archiv/2010/heft-2-2010 SN - 0340-000X VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 89 EP - 93 PB - Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Held, Eva A1 - Siegmüller, Renate T1 - Auskunft geben, wenn sie gebraucht wird BT - Teil 2: Kooperative Nutzung von QuestionPoint an den bayerischen Hochschulbibliotheken JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern N2 - Die bayerischen Hochschulbibliotheken betreiben gemeinsam eine virtuelle Auskunft mit QuestionPoint. Die Kooperation geht so weit, dass die Bibliotheken nicht nur die Anfragen der eigenen Benutzer beantworten, sondern auch die der anderen Bibliotheken. Ziel ist es, trotz Personalnot die E-Mail-Auskunft täglich von 8 – 20 Uhr anzubieten und durch kooperative Bearbeitung die Beantwortung zu beschleunigen. Der Beitrag beschreibt das erste Jahr dieses Projekts, in dem neben dem E-Mail-Dienst jetzt auch die Nutzungsmöglichkeit des Chat erprobt werden soll. Y1 - 2010 UR - https://www.bibliotheksforum-bayern.de/archiv/2010/heft-3-2010 SN - 0340-000X VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 158 EP - 160 PB - Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartholomé, Thomas T1 - Wie man elegant und sportlich neue Kunden gewinnt JF - BuB: Forum Bibliothek und Information N2 - Die Hochschulbibliothek Ingolstadt unterstützt Studenten-Firmen / Wettbewerbsvorsprung durch Informationskompetenz. Y1 - 2011 UR - https://www.b-u-b.de/archiv/pdf-archiv-bub/pdf-archiv-detailseite/3/2011%20Schwerpunkt:%20Schule%20und%20Bibliothek SN - 1869-1137 VL - 63 IS - 3 SP - 205 EP - 207 PB - Berufsverband Information Bibliothek CY - Reutlingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Doris ED - Jesenberger, Rainer T1 - Alles steht im Netz! Tatsächlich? T2 - Über Bildung, Persönlichkeitsentwicklung und andere Schwierigkeiten: Erfahrungen aus einem zwölfjährigen Feldversuch Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-3-86583-753-0 SP - 16 EP - 18 PB - Leipziger Univ.-Verl. CY - Leipzig ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Doris A1 - Leiß, Caroline A1 - Winter, Susanne T1 - Weiterkommen mit Fortbildung JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern Y1 - 2014 UR - https://www.bibliotheksforum-bayern.de/archiv/2014/heft-2-2014 SN - 0340-000X VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 107 EP - 109 PB - Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prestwich, Joseph T1 - "Die Arbeit dort hat meine Deutschkenntnisse ziemlich intensiv erprobt" BT - Ein Interview mit einem Praktikanten aus London JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern Y1 - 2014 UR - https://www.bibliotheksforum-bayern.de/archiv/2014/heft-4-2014 SN - 0340-000X VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 316 EP - 317 PB - Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köhler, Antje A1 - Ledermann, Teresa T1 - Passgenaue Fortbildung für alle BT - Der Arbeitskreis Fortbildung der Bibliotheken von Hochschule Bayern JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern Y1 - 2016 UR - https://www.bibliotheksforum-bayern.de/archiv/2016/heft-3-2016 SN - 0340-000X VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 188 EP - 190 PB - Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fliegerbauer, Gabriele A1 - Leiß, Caroline A1 - Schneider, Doris T1 - Lebenslanges Lernen im Beruf: Individuell, virtuell, informell? BT - Ein Workshop der Kommission für Aus- und Fortbildung JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern N2 - Bibliotheken stehen vor immer neuen Herausforderungen: Ansprüche der Bibliothekskunden, kommerzielle Konkurrenzangebote,Digitalisierung und demographischer Wandel. Um diesen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, brauchen Bibliotheken Konzepte für ein lebenslanges Lernen ihrer Mitarbeiter. Vorgestellt werden die Ergebnisse eines Workshops der Kommission für Aus- und Fortbildung des Bibliotheksverbunds Bayern, bei dem die interne Fortbildung als Instrument der Personalentwicklung im Mittelpunkt stand. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.bibliotheksforum-bayern.de/archiv/2018/heft-2-2018 SN - 0340-000X VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 125 EP - 127 PB - Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caglar, Abdul Samed A1 - Iberdemaj, Kaltrina A1 - Rock, Stefan A1 - Schneider, Doris A1 - Vogel, Sabine A1 - Zecherle, Daniela T1 - Verbesserungspotenziale gibt es bestimmt! JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.bibliotheksforum-bayern.de/archiv/2018/heft-2-2018 SN - 0340-000X VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 108 EP - 112 PB - Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Doris A1 - Walser, Christina T1 - "Kirjasto heißt Bibliothek" BT - Impressionen von einer Reise zu finnischen Bibliotheken JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.bibliotheksforum-bayern.de/archiv/2019/heft-2-2019 SN - 0340-000X VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 130 EP - 134 PB - Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baldarelli, Beatrice A1 - Köhler, Antje A1 - Trescher, Klaus T1 - Blended Learning, Gamification und Co BT - Neue Wege zur Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz durch die Bibliothek JF - Bibliotheksforum Bayern Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.bibliotheksforum-bayern.de/archiv/2019/heft-4-2019 SN - 0340-000X VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - 278 EP - 281 PB - Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Theissler, Andreas A1 - Pérez-Velázquez, Judith A1 - Kettelgerdes, Marcel A1 - Elger, Gordon T1 - Predictive maintenance enabled by machine learning: Use cases and challenges in the automotive industry JF - Reliability Engineering & System Safety N2 - Recent developments in maintenance modelling fuelled by data-based approaches such as machine learning (ML), have enabled a broad range of applications. In the automotive industry, ensuring the functional safety over the product life cycle while limiting maintenance costs has become a major challenge. One crucial approach to achieve this, is predictive maintenance (PdM). Since modern vehicles come with an enormous amount of operating data, ML is an ideal candidate for PdM. While PdM and ML for automotive systems have both been covered in numerous review papers, there is no current survey on ML-based PdM for automotive systems. The number of publications in this field is increasing — underlining the need for such a survey. Consequently, we survey and categorize papers and analyse them from an application and ML perspective. Following that, we identify open challenges and discuss possible research directions. We conclude that (a) publicly available data would lead to a boost in research activities, (b) the majority of papers rely on supervised methods requiring labelled data, (c) combining multiple data sources can improve accuracies, (d) the use of deep learning methods will further increase but requires efficient and interpretable methods and the availability of large amounts of (labelled) data. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.107864 KW - predictive maintenance KW - artificial intelligence KW - machine learning KW - deep learning KW - vehicle KW - automotive KW - reliability KW - lifetime prediction KW - condition monitoring Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.107864 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-9673 SN - 0951-8320 VL - 2021 IS - 215 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reiter, Christoph A1 - Trinkl, Christoph A1 - Zörner, Wilfried A1 - Hanby, Victor Ian T1 - A Dynamic Multinode Model for Component-Oriented Thermal Analysis of Flat-Plate Solar Collectors JF - Journal of Solar Energy N2 - A mathematical model of a flat-plate solar collector was developed on the basis of the physical principles of optics and heat transfer in order to determine collector’s component temperatures as well as collector efficiency. In contrast to many available models, the targeted use of this dynamic model is the detailed, theoretical investigation of the thermal behaviour of newly developed or adjusted collector designs on component level, for example, absorber, casing, or transparent cover. The defined model is based on a multinode network (absorber, fluid, glazing, and backside insulation) containing the relevant physical equations to transfer the energy. The heat transfer network covers heat conduction, convection, and radiation. Furthermore, the collector optics is defined for the plane glazing and the absorber surface and also considers interactions between them. The model enables the variation of physical properties considering the geometric parameters and materials. Finally, the model was validated using measurement data and existing efficiency curve models. Both comparisons proved high accuracy of the developed model with deviation of up to 3% in collector efficiency and 1 K in component temperatures. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/280694 Y1 - 2015 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/280694 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-9637 SN - 2314-6230 VL - 2015 PB - Hindawi Publ. CY - New York; Cairo ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlingensiepen, Jörn A1 - Mehmood, Rashid A1 - Nemtanu, Florin Codrut T1 - Framework for an Autonomic Transport System in Smart Cities JF - Cybernetics and information technologies N2 - Today the concept of smart cities is discussed in scientific society and politics. A core function of smart cities is transportation. This paper gives a short overview on the concepts for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) for smart cities and proposes a framework for the design of an autonomic transportation system that provides personalized mobility services to its users in a smart city setting. The transportation poses extreme environment for ICT systems due to fast moving vehicles and users, requiring real-time acquisition and high performance processing of large scale data, and rapidly changing communication networks topologies and node densities. The aim of this paper is to propose a framework that will act as a reference for the design of future transportation systems that are able to cope with the ever rising system complexities and users’ demands. Therefore, a backbone system providing information at different levels was designed following the principles of a corporative ICT that were proposed in [1]. The framework fulfills the main requirement providing suitable information about the local decision engines in vehicles and infrastructure interacting in smart cities traffic systems. UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/cait-2015-0016 KW - Autonomic Road Transport System (ARTS) KW - COST-ARTS KW - autonomic ICT systems KW - Intelligent Transport System (ITS) KW - service assessment KW - service discovery KW - corporative ICT architecture Y1 - 2015 UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/cait-2015-0016 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-9620 SN - 1314-4081 VL - 15 IS - 5 SP - 50 EP - 62 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofbauer, Günter A1 - Klimontowicz, Monika A1 - Nocoń, Aleksandra T1 - Basel III Equity Requirements and a Contemporary Rating Approach JF - Copernican Journal of Finance & Accounting N2 - The new equity regulations of Basel III are more restrictive. Therefore the research objective of this article is to show the impact of equity regulations and to provide a proposal for professional preparation for the rating procedure for credit seeking companies. The research method applied is to give an overview of the relevant equity regulations of Basel III. From this research, we can derive that risk is the most important issue to be considered. In consequence, the outcome is a proposal for a contemporary rating approach for companies, containing an appropriate way how to control risk and perform in an excellent way. We can conclude, that the new equity regulations will not only have an impact on banks, but also on credit taking companies. Especially small and medium-sized companies will be affected. Furthermore in future banks intend to get an exhaustive insight into companies. The risks identified in the business will serve as a measure to calculate a risk adequate interest rate, depending on the rating class. Therefore it won’t be sufficient anymore to use only backward looking statements from the balance sheet or profit and loss statement. In this article we propose an evidence based approach for executing a professional and sustainable rating. Supporting this, we provide six dimensions for a contemporary rating approach. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/CJFA.2016.005 KW - Basel III KW - equity regulation KW - rating classes KW - risk KW - sustainability Y1 - 2016 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/CJFA.2016.005 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-9616 SN - 2300-3065 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 91 EP - 105 PB - Nicolaus Copernicus University CY - Torun ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Notomista, Gennaro A1 - Botsch, Michael T1 - A Machine Learning Approach for the Segmentation of Driving Maneuvers and its Application in Autonomous Parking JF - Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research (JAISCR) N2 - A classification system for the segmentation of driving maneuvers and its validation in autonomous parking using a small-scale vehicle are presented in this work. The classifiers are designed to detect points that are crucial for the path-planning task, thus enabling the implementation of efficient autonomous parking maneuvers. The training data set is generated by simulations using appropriate vehicle–dynamics models and the resulting classifiers are validated with the small-scale autonomous vehicle. To achieve both a high classification performance and a classification system that can be implemented on a microcontroller with limited computational resources, a two-stage design process is applied. In a first step an ensemble classifier, the Random Forest (RF) algorithm, is constructed and based on the RF-kernel a General Radial Basis Function (GRBF) classifier is generated. The GRBF-classifier is integrated into the small-scale autonomous vehicle leading to excellent performance in parallel-, cross- and oblique- parking maneuvers. The work shows that segmentation using classifies and open-loop control are an efficient approach in autonomous driving for the implementation of driving maneuvers. UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/jaiscr-2017-0017 KW - autonomous parking KW - ensemble learning KW - maneuver segmentation Y1 - 2017 UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/jaiscr-2017-0017 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-9604 SN - 2449-6499 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 243 EP - 255 PB - De Gruyter Open CY - Warschau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sequeira, Gerald Joy A1 - Lugner, Robert A1 - Jumar, Ulrich A1 - Brandmeier, Thomas T1 - A validation sensor based on carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic for early activation of automotive occupant restraint systems JF - Journal of sensors and sensor systems (JSSS) N2 - In the automotive industry, sensors and sensor systems are one of the most important components in upcoming challenges like highly automated and autonomous driving. Forward-looking sensors (radar, lidar and cameras) have the technical capability to already provide important (pre-)crash information, such as the position of contact, relative crash velocity and overlap (width of contact) before the crash occurs. Future safety systems can improve crash mitigation with sophisticated vehicle safety strategies based on this information. One such strategy is an early activation of restraint systems compared with conventional passive safety systems. These integrated safety systems consist of a combination of predictive forward-looking sensors and occupant restraint systems (airbags, belt tensioners, etc.) to provide the best occupant safety in inevitable crash situations. The activation of the restraint systems is the most critical decision process and requires a very robust validation system to avoid false activation. Hence, the information provided by the forward-looking sensor needs to be highly reliable. A validation sensor is required to check the plausibility of crucial information from forward-looking sensors used in integrated safety systems for safe automated and autonomous driving. This work presents a CFRP-based (carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic) validation sensor working on the principle of change in electrical resistance when a contact occurs. This sensor detects the first contact, gives information on impact position (where the contact occurs) and provides information on the overlap. The aim is to activate the vehicle restraint systems at near T0 (time of first contact). Prototypes of the sensor were manufactured in house and manually and were evaluated. At first, the sensor and its working principle were tested with a pendulum apparatus. In the next stage, the sensor was tested in a real crash test. The comparison of the signals from the CFRP-based sensor with presently used crash sensors in the vehicle highlights its advantages. The crash event can be identified at 0.1 ms after the initial contact. The sensor also provides information on impact position at 1.2 ms and enables a validation of the overlap development. Finally, a possible algorithm for the vehicle safety system using forward-looking sensors with a validation sensor is described. UR - https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-19-2019 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-19-2019 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-9578 SN - 2194-878X VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 35 PB - Copernicus Publ. CY - Göttingen ER -