TY - JOUR A1 - Gedeon, Steven A1 - Huber, Florian T1 - Using AI-Enabled Images and Comic Narrative to Enhance Entrepreneurship Education JF - Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy N2 - This learning innovation is an engaging technique to help students learn abstract concepts such as entrepreneurship theory, mindsets, and methods in a playful and exciting way. We explore how current AI tools can be used by entrepreneurship educators to enhance their course materials by creating memorable images and story-based, highly visual comic book content (“graphic novels”). We implemented these enhancements in an interactive learning platform based on Articulate Storyline and tested them in an introductory entrepreneurship course with over 2000 students per year on building an entrepreneurial mindset. In this article, we include sample copies of the images and graphic novel comics and highlight key methods, lessons, results, and design artifacts created during the course of our learning journey. Educators may add these free Open Educational Resource (OER) assets to their own courses by linking to the online version. We believe this approach to entrepreneurship education enhances students’ engagement, memory retention, and the ability to identify and name underlying concepts and entrepreneurship theories. We hope to spark the interest of other entrepreneurship educators to use similar approaches at their universities. UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/25151274251358708 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/25151274251358708 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-68060 SN - 2515-1274 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 327 EP - 345 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Azzam, Mohamed A1 - Sauer, Dirk Uwe A1 - Endisch, Christian A1 - Lewerenz, Meinert T1 - Comprehensive Analysis of Float Current Behavior and Calendar Aging Mechanisms in Lithium‐Ion Batteries JF - Batteries & Supercaps N2 - Aiming to quantify degradation currents from solid electrolyte interphase formation (ISEIgrowth) and gain of active lithium due to cathode lithiation (ICL), resulting from electrolyte decomposition, the float current behavior of lithium-ion batteries is investigated with different cathode materials. The float current, IFloat , represents the recharge current required to maintain the cell at a fixed potential during calendar aging. This current arises as lithium is irreversibly consumed at the anode or inserted into the cathode, shifting the electrode potentials. To account for the asymmetric response of the electrodes, a voltage-dependent scaling factor, SF, is introduced, derived from the slopes of the electrode-specific voltage curves. Using this factor in combination with measured float currents and capacity loss rates from check-up tests, ISEIgrowth and ICL is quantified at 30 °C across various float voltages. Although the SF and capacity data are limited to 30 °C, the model is extended to a range of 5–50 °C using only float current measurements. The results show that using capacity loss rates alone underestimate ISEIgrowth and that ICL, contributes significantly to the observed float current at elevated voltages, indicating that cathode lithiation plays an increasingly important role in high-voltage calendar aging. UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500349 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500349 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-68054 SN - 2566-6223 VL - 9 IS - 1 PB - Wiley CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Volpato, Guilherme A1 - de Souza Pinto Pereira, Adriano A1 - Neumeier, Steffen A1 - Hotza, Dachamir A1 - Göken, Mathias A1 - Tetzlaff, Ulrich A1 - Fredel, Márcio Celso T1 - Influence of a Standard Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Properties of Inconel X‐750 Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion JF - Advanced Engineering Materials N2 - The production of nickel‐base superalloys through powder bed fusion using a laser beam (PBF‐LB) offers a promising method for reducing the cost of aeronautical components, especially those with complex geometries. However, when these materials are processed using PBF‐LB, the standard heat treatments developed for conventional manufacturing routes do not consistently yield predictable microstructures or mechanical properties. Thus, this study analyzes how PBF‐LB affects the microstructure and mechanical behavior of Inconel alloy X‐750 when compared to a hot‐rolled counterpart after undergoing a standard precipitation‐hardening heat treatment (solution annealing, stabilization, and precipitation). Microstructure is examined using analytical electron microscopy and high‐energy X‐ray diffraction, while mechanical behavior is assessed through microhardness. Significant differences between both manufacturing routes are detected, so that PBF‐LB processing led to an increase in grain size, anisotropy, fraction of low‐angle grain boundaries, mean angle of misorientation, and dislocation density. Moreover, PBF‐LB promoted the formation of γ′‐Ni3(Al,Ti) and η‐Ni3Ti phases during solution annealing and stabilization, respectively. Notably, the formation of γ′ contributes to an anomalous microhardness increase observed between these steps. These findings suggest that PBF‐LB may inhibit recrystallization and facilitate precipitation during heat treatment, thereby affecting the performance of components produced using this technology. UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202500306 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202500306 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-67931 SN - 1527-2648 VL - 27 IS - 24 PB - Wiley CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langer, Robin A1 - Tentrup, Thomas A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - A Vehicle-in-the-Loop Approach for Front Camera Verification Using Adaptive High Beam JF - IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems N2 - As automated driving functions based on environmental sensors become increasingly deployed, ensuring reliable performance over the vehicle lifetime is essential. Currently, verification is carried out through internal self-diagnostics, which do not always operate correctly, and periodic technical inspection, which assesses only the test criteria installation and condition. Test criteria for function and efficiency of environmental sensors are neither standardized nor routinely assessed, creating the need for new testing approaches. Previous low-cost research approaches defined a method and conducted experiments to verify a vehicle’s front camera by displaying visual stimuli and evaluating the high beam assist response. Whereas the camera’s function could be verified through a basic qualitative check, the approach did not enable a quantitative evaluation of its performance. The aim of this work was therefore to advance this approach and investigate the added value of a Vehicle-in-the-Loop test bench for front camera verification. Three tests were conducted. A supporting method was introduced to reproducibly detect and define the position of the headlight cutoff line, enabling consistent evaluation of the vehicle’s reaction. With static camera stimuli (Test I), the function of the front camera could be verified, and the influence of the vehicle geometry on the reaction was assessed. Dynamic stimuli (Test II) additionally enabled an efficiency evaluation, allowing quantitative comparison between vehicles. However, transferring the stimuli into a reproducible virtual simulation (Test III) remained challenging, as the vehicles under test did not respond consistently. Further research is required to refine and simplify the method toward a standardized periodic technical inspection procedure. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/OJITS.2026.3672438 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/OJITS.2026.3672438 SN - 2687-7813 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göbel, Jan-Philipp A1 - Mertens, Jan Cedric A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Thermal imaging for the detection of driver impairment: evidence from a high-fidelity driving simulator study JF - Traffic Injury Prevention N2 - Objectives Driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) remains a major contributor to fatal traffic crashes worldwide. With increasing regulatory pressure, such as requirements by Euro NCAP for in-vehicle impairment detection, there is a growing need for reliable, real-time monitoring solutions. While traditional DUI detection approaches focus on driving behavior or eye movement analysis, this study explores the potential of thermal imaging as a noninvasive alternative for detecting alcohol impairment. Methods We conducted a large-scale experimental study with 120 participants in a high-fidelity driving simulator, capturing thermal facial data under both non-impaired and alcohol-impaired conditions. A novel temperature extraction method was developed based on facial landmarks, incorporating multiple frames to reduce noise and improve temporal stability. Ambient cabin temperature was also recorded to normalize facial temperature readings and control for environmental influences. Several machine learning classifiers, including Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Gradient-Boosting Models, were trained using five facial temperature features (cheek, temple, ear, forehead, and nasal tip) and evaluated via five-fold subject-wise cross-validation. Results Significant temperature changes were observed in specific facial regions (particularly the cheek, ear, temple, and nasal tip) under alcohol influence. Among the evaluated models, Logistic Regression achieved the highest average classification accuracy (62%), while SVM demonstrated the most stable performance across folds. The model showed a slight conservative bias toward predicting the baseline (non-impaired) class, thereby reducing the risk of false positive classifications. Environmental conditions, including cabin temperature, were verified to be stable across both driving sessions, ensuring the validity of the physiological measurements. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of using thermal imaging for in-vehicle DUI detection under realistic conditions. Our contributions include the development of a robust facial temperature processing pipeline, the creation of a unique dataset collected under ecologically valid conditions, and a comprehensive comparison of seven state-of-the-art classification models. Thermal imaging represents a promising complementary modality for future driver monitoring systems focused on safety and impairment detection. UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2026.2624006 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2026.2624006 SN - 1538-9588 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ivan, Zsanett Zsofia A1 - Hirling, Dominik A1 - Grexa, Istvan A1 - Ammeling, Jonas A1 - Molnar, Csaba A1 - Micsik, Tamas A1 - Dobra, Katalin A1 - Kuthi, Levente A1 - Sukosd, Farkas A1 - Fillinger, Janos A1 - Moldvay, Judit A1 - Toth, Erika A1 - Aubreville, Marc A1 - Miczan, Vivien A1 - Horvath, Peter T1 - A Subphase-Labeled Mitotic Dataset for AI-powered Cell Division Analysis JF - Scientific Data N2 - Mitosis detection represents a critical task in digital pathology, as it plays an important role in the tumor grading and prognosis of patients. Manual determination is a labor-intensive task for practitioners with high interobserver variability, thus, automation is a priority. There has been substantial progress towards creating robust mitosis detection algorithms, primarily driven by the Mitosis Domain Generalization (MIDOG) challenges. Also, there has been growing interest in the molecular characterization of mitosis to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of its underlying mechanisms in a subphase-specific manner. We introduce a new mitotic figure dataset annotated with subphase information based on the MIDOG++ dataset as well as a previously unrepresented tumor domain to enhance the diversity and applicability. We envision a new perspective for domain generalization by improving model performance with subtyping mitosis, complemented with an atypical mitotic class. Our work has implications in two main areas: subtyping information can provide helpful information in mitosis detection, while also providing promising new directions in answering biological questions, such as molecular analysis of subphases. UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-07007-7 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-07007-7 SN - 2052-4463 SP - 17 PB - Springer CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rosbach, Emely A1 - Ammeling, Jonas A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Conrad, Thomas A1 - Riener, Andreas A1 - Aubreville, Marc T1 - Stuck on Suggestions: Automation Bias, the Anchoring Effect, and the Factors That Shape Them in Computational Pathology JF - Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging N2 - Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven clinical decision support systems (CDSS) hold promise to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in computational pathology. However, collaboration between human experts and AI may give rise to cognitive biases, such as automation and anchoring bias, wherein users may be inclined to blindly adopt system recommendations or be disproportionately influenced by the presence of AI predictions, even when they are inaccurate. These biases may be exacerbated under time pressure, pervasive in routine pathology diagnostics, or shaped by individual user characteristics. To investigate these effects, we conducted a web-based experiment in which trained pathology experts (n = 28) estimated tumor cell percentages twice: once independently and once with the aid of an AI. A subset of the estimates in each condition was performed under time constraints. Our findings indicate that AI integration generally enhances diagnostic performance. However, it also introduced a 7% automation bias rate, quantified as the number of accepted negative consultations, where a previously correct independent assessment gets overturned by inaccurate AI guidance. While time pressure did not increase the frequency of automation bias occurrence, it appeared to intensify its severity, as evidenced by a performance decline linked to increased automation reliance under cognitive load. A linear mixed-effects model (LMM) analysis, simulating weighted averaging, revealed a statistically significant positive coefficient for AI advice, indicating a moderate degree of anchoring on system output. This effect was further intensified under time pressure, suggesting that anchoring bias may become more pronounced when cognitive resources are limited. A secondary LMM evaluation assessing automation reliance, used as a proxy for both automation and anchoring bias, demonstrated that professional experience and self-efficacy were associated with reduced dependence on system support, whereas higher confidence during AI-assisted decision-making was linked to increased automation reliance. Together, these findings underscore the dual nature of AI integration in clinical workflows, offering performance benefits while also introducing risks of cognitive bias–driven diagnostic errors. As an initial investigation focused on a single medical specialty and diagnostic task, this study aims to lay the groundwork for future research to explore these phenomena across diverse clinical contexts, ultimately supporting the establishment of appropriate reliance on automated systems and the safe, effective integration of human–AI collaboration in medical decision-making. UR - https://doi.org/10.59275/j.melba.2026-87b1 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.59275/j.melba.2026-87b1 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-67787 SN - 2766-905X VL - 3 IS - MELBA–BVM 2025 Special Issue SP - 126 EP - 147 PB - Melba editors CY - [s. l.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rappsilber, Tim A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Raspe, Tina A1 - Reclo, Rudolf A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Toxic gas emission in electric vehicles: What a battery fire means for occupant safety JF - Fire Safety Journal N2 - This work investigates the ability of occupants to escape from a battery electric vehicle during a thermal runaway of the traction battery initiated by nail penetration. Such events generate intense fires and large amounts of toxic gases, rapidly reducing the time available for safe evacuation. In controlled full-scale outdoor experiments on two identical mid-range battery electric vehicles, the smoke gas composition inside the cabin is examined. Using FTIR spectrometers and an oxygen analyzer, temporal and spatial concentrations of organic carbonates, hydrocarbons, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen cyanide, acetylene, and oxygen are measured. Sampling locations include the driver's breathing zone, the right rear passenger's breathing zone, and the exterior right rear wheel housing. The study further evaluates occupant's escape capability using the fractional effective dose (FED) model in accordance with ISO 13571. Results show that toxic gases can reach harmful concentrations within minutes after smoke enters the cabin, though smoke entry times vary widely with fire progression. Differences in fire development and smoke dispersion strongly affect FED values and thus the time available for self-rescue. Overall, the findings provide an important basis for assessing occupant safety during battery electric vehicle fires and highlight the need for improved mitigation strategies. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2026.104717 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2026.104717 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-67774 SN - 1873-7226 VL - 2026 IS - 162 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glaas, Saskia A1 - Pham, Huong A1 - Münstermann, Hannes A1 - Frey, Dieter T1 - The Search for Meaning at Work: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Cognitive Crafting Intervention JF - International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology N2 - Many employees struggle to experience a sense of meaning in their work, posing a challenge to workplace flourishing. Cognitive crafting—the process of reframing how one interprets their work—can enhance meaningful work and well-being. However, strategies to effectively promote it remain unclear. Building on positive psychology interventions, self-determination theory, and job crafting theory, we developed a brief online intervention using meaning-based reflection and cognitive reframing. Its effectiveness was evaluated in a pre-registered randomized controlled trial ( N = 260) with an active control group, assessing outcomes post-intervention and at one-month follow-up. Compared to the control group, the intervention group reported significantly higher levels of meaningful work, work engagement, and job satisfaction. However, these differences were driven by lower scores in the control group compared to baseline, while the intervention group remained stable. These findings highlight the complexity of designing effective cognitive crafting interventions and underscore the need for further theory-driven research to identify strategies that reliably enhance positive work evaluations and work-related well-being. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-026-00274-0 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-026-00274-0 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-67739 SN - 2364-5059 VL - 11 IS - 1 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Agricola, Barbara A1 - Bärtl, Marko A1 - Landesberger, Martin A1 - Zhao, Huan A1 - Palm, Frank A1 - Kerschenlohr, Annegret A1 - Jägle, Eric A. T1 - The columnar to bimodal transition of Al–Cr–Mo–Sc–Zr alloys during laser powder bed fusion JF - Materials & Design N2 - Aluminium alloys processed via Powder Bed Fusion using a Laser Beam (PBF-LB) enable complex and lightweight components. Especially high-strength and heat-resistant Al alloys are in high demand for aerospace and motorsports applications, but the processability of these alloys remains critical due to hot-cracking along columnar grains. Therefore, the microstructural control of PBF-LB alloys is under increasing consideration. Al-Cr alloys have shown promising high-temperature properties and good processability in previous studies despite having a coarse and fully columnar grain structure. In this study, Al-Cr-Mo-Sc-Zr alloys with different compositions are subjected to phase analysis to understand the transition from fully columnar to bimodal grain structures. Synchrotron diffraction, electron dispersive spectroscopy, and atom probe tomography results have shown that three phases are present, irrespective of the alloys’ composition: 𝛼-Al, Al45Cr7, and Al3(Sc,Zr). The introduction of Cr increases the lattice mismatch between 𝛼-Al and Al3(Sc,Zr) and is suspected to hinder grain refinement by Sc and Zr. Various thermodynamic simulations revealed the effect of grain refining elements (Sc+Zr) and Cr on the solidification path. The combination of simulation and experimental investigations led to three hypotheses on the columnar to bimodal transition in Al-Cr alloys. These results will help to further enable the microstructural control of PBF-LB processed alloys. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115770 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115770 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-67559 SN - 0264-1275 VL - 2026 IS - 264 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ngetuny, Joshua Kiplagat A1 - Baldauf, Tobias A1 - Zörner, Wilfried T1 - Evaluating Feedstock Pretreatment Methods to Unlock Co-Digestion in Small-Scale Biogas Systems: A Multi-Criteria Approach to System Integration and Decision Making JF - Energies N2 - Small-scale biogas plants in developing countries present a viable alternative to traditional polluting energy sources, particularly in rural and underserved communities. These systems typically rely on locally sourced livestock manure; however, inconsistent supply often results in underfeeding, reduced biogas production, and, in many cases, system abandonment. Co-digestion with crop residues presents a promising strategy to enhance feedstock availability and system resilience. However, the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosic biomass and limited access to suitable pretreatment technologies have constrained its adoption. This paper evaluates feasible pretreatment methods for integrating crop residues, especially straw, into small-scale biogas systems. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), pretreatment methods are assessed based on five criteria: (i) technology simplicity, (ii) energy requirements, (iii) capital and operational costs, (iv) effectiveness, and (v) environmental impact. The analysis identifies microbial pretreatment using the liquid fraction of digestate, combined with mechanical size reduction, as the most suitable approach for small-scale implementation, utilizing low-cost, simplified mechanical devices adaptable to various crop residues with minimal energy input. A conceptual design of a demonstration plant is proposed to validate this integrated pretreatment approach and assess its impact on biogas yield, system performance, and technology adoption. The design incorporates an on-site digestate separation unit to supply microbial inoculum and emphasizes simplicity and cost-effectiveness in material handling and energy use. Pilot trials are proposed to evaluate key performance indicators, including specific methane yield (LCH4/gVS added), volatile solids reduction (%), and methane content increase (%), ensuring evidence-based adoption and practical applicability of the design. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en19051303 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en19051303 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-67479 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 19 IS - 5 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mion, Giorgio A1 - Loza Adaui, Cristian Rolando T1 - Understanding the purpose of benefit corporations: an empirical study on the Italian case JF - International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility N2 - Rethinking the traditional understanding of organizational purpose appears to be necessary. A teleological paradigm shift seems to be on its way, changing the focus of attention from considering business organizations as instruments used to generate profits toward a more comprehensive understanding of their purpose and of the benefit they can create for society. Recently, new organizational entities have emerged, accompanied by the renewal of institutional frameworks, among them are benefit corporations. Italy was the first European country to introduce a legal framework to define the benefit corporation as a particular legal entity. The Italian law on the benefit corporations proposes the promotion of firms that pursue the generation of benefit in a responsible, sustainable, and transparent way and considering diverse stakeholders. This paper explores and describes the multidimensional understanding of benefit and purpose of Italian benefit corporations, utilizing qualitative and quantitative content analysis of 94 Italian benefit corporations’ purpose declarations, and providing a deep insight into the purpose declared by benefit corporations. The research highlights a certain vagueness in public declarations of the purpose of benefit corporations, even though it is clear that they attempt to differentiate themselves from traditional businesses by focusing on social objectives more than on economic ones. Furthermore, normative compliance emerged, but further normative requirements seem to be needed to make more effective the transformative potentiality of benefit corporations and to avoid risks of opportunistic behaviors. UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-020-00050-6 Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-020-00050-6 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-67296 SN - 2366-0066 SN - 3059-3174 VL - 5 IS - 1 PB - SpringerOpen CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Loza Adaui, Cristian Rolando T1 - Sustainability Reporting Quality of Peruvian Listed Companies and the Impact of Regulatory Requirements of Sustainability Disclosures JF - Sustainability N2 - Regulations establishing mandatory sustainability reporting practices are proliferating around the world. The empirical evidence comparing sustainability reporting quality (SRQ) in the context of mandatory and voluntary institutional frameworks does not show consensus. Similarly, this occurs with studies addressing the effects of regulatory shocks on SRQ. Moreover, empirical evidence addressing SRQ in Latin American countries is scarce. To fill this gap, this study aims to explore the consequences of introducing new regulatory requirements for sustainability disclosure on SRQ of Peruvian companies. To reach that goal, 81 sustainability disclosure documents published between 2014 and 2016 by 27 companies included in the S&P/BVL Peru General Index of Lima’s Stock Exchange were analyzed using qualitative content analysis methods and adopting a multidimensional approach for SRQ evaluation. The findings show a constant improvement of SRQ regardless of the introduction of the new regulatory requirements. Furthermore, after the entry into force of new sustainability reporting obligations, the number of companies providing third-party independent assurance of the information contained in their sustainability disclosure documents decreases, suggesting that for the Peruvian case, regulatory requirements tend to discourage companies to invest in the credibility of their sustainability disclosure documents, and promote a symbolic application of sustainability disclosure standards. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031135 Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031135 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-67307 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 12 IS - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mion, Giorgio A1 - Loza Adaui, Cristian Rolando T1 - Mandatory Nonfinancial Disclosure and Its Consequences on the Sustainability Reporting Quality of Italian and German Companies JF - Sustainability N2 - Companies disclosing nonfinancial information through sustainability reporting practices provide markets with data on their social, environmental, and governance performance. The quality of sustainability reporting is much discussed in the literature because this quality affects factors such as the credibility of accountability and building stakeholders’ trust in the company. Nonetheless, the concept of quality is multidimensional, and empirical evidence relating to the quality of sustainability reporting presents different findings. Regulations on mandatory nonfinancial disclosure (NFD) open new perspectives for research on sustainability reporting quality (SRQ). This study explored the effect of introducing mandatory NFD on SRQ by focusing on the effects of new legislation (Directive 2014/95/EU) introduced in Italy and Germany. The analysis was conducted through qualitative content analysis of the sustainability reporting practices of Italian and German companies in the top lists of stock exchanges. Sustainability reporting practices of one year before (2016) and one year after (2017) the implementation of Directive 2014/95/EU were compared. The results of 132 observations demonstrated that the quality of sustainability reporting increased after implementation of the law on mandatory NFD. Further, the effect of the law seemed to reduce the differences in SRQ of the two countries before the introduction of mandatory NFD. The results suggested that obligatoriness of NFD affects SRQ together with other relevant determinants focused on by previous research (e.g., company size and industry type). UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174612 Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174612 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-67313 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 11 IS - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gütlein, Moritz A1 - Djanatliev, Anatoli ED - De Rango, Floriano ED - Ören, Tuncer ED - Obaidat, Mohammad S. T1 - Modeling and Simulation as a Service using Apache Kafka T2 - Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications N2 - Among other requirements, in the field of Modeling and Simulation there is a need to build and run (co-) simulation models on-demand. Setting up, orchestrating and executing simulations should be easy, while additional features such as interaction interfaces open up a variety of applications. Being able to connect external components seamlessly to a running simulation allows for elaborate experiments. This paper describes the architecture and design of a simulation platform that is a part of a broader platform enabling evaluations of future mobility scenarios. Apache’s Kafka platform for big data stream processing is used as a communication base in order to enable all these requirements, as well as for the coupling of different simulation tools forming a co-simulation. We give an overview of existing works regarding Modeling and Simulation as a Service, before explaining our own approach. Therefore, the architecture, the interfaces, and the workflow of a simulation run is described. The approach is illustrated by a case study, which is used to measure the service’s overhead. UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0009780501710180 Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0009780501710180 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-67231 SN - 978-989-758-444-2 SP - 171 EP - 180 PB - SciTePress CY - Setúbal ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bodenschatz, Anja T1 - When own interest stands against the “greater good” – Decision randomization in ethical dilemmas of autonomous systems that involve their user’s self-interest JF - Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans N2 - Autonomous systems (ASs) decide upon ethical dilemmas and their artificial intelligence as well as situational settings become more and more complex. However, to study common-sense morality concerning ASs abstracted dilemmas on autonomous vehicle (AV) accidents are a common tool. A special case of ethical dilemmas is when the AS’s users are affected. Many people want AVs to adhere to utilitarian programming (e.g., to save the larger group), or egalitarian programming (i.e., to treat every person equally). However, they want their own AV to protect them instead of the “greater good”. That people reject utilitarian programming as an AS’s user while supporting the idea from an impartial perspective has been termed the “social dilemma of AVs”. Meanwhile, preferences for another technical capability, which would implement egalitarian programming, have not been elicited for dilemmas involving self-interest: decision randomization. This paper investigates normative and descriptive preferences for a self-protective, self-sacrificial, or randomized choice by an AS in a dilemma where people are the sole passenger of an AV, and their survival stands against the survival of several others. Results suggest that randomization may mitigate the “social dilemma of AVs” by bridging between a societally accepted programming and the urge of ASs’ users for self-protection. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2024.100097 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2024.100097 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-67088 SN - 2949-8821 VL - 2 IS - 2 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schäfle, Claudia A1 - Dölling, Hanna T1 - Aktives Lernen in der Hochschullehre planen und fördern mit dem ICAP-Modell N2 - Aktivierende, studierendenzentrierte Lehr- und Lernmethoden können lernförderlich sein, doch ist es nicht von vornherein klar, welche Lehrmethoden sich für welches Lernziel am besten eignen und wie die Methoden zu vergleichen sind, so dass Studierende die Lernziele effektiv und effizient erreichen können. Mit dem ICAP-Modell (I interaktiv, C konstruktiv, A aktiv, P passiv) können die studentischen Lernhandlungen vier Stufen zugeordnet und eine Vorhersage über die Tiefe der zu erwartenden Lernergebnisse getroffen werden (Chi & Wylie, 2014). Lehrende bekommen mit diesem Modell ein praxistaugliches Werkzeug an die Hand, um den Einsatz von Lernaufgaben zielgerichtet zu planen. T3 - BayZiel Series - Schriftenreihe zur Hochschullehre - 1 Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66900 SN - 3053-2531 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pandey, Amit A1 - Mohd, Zubair Akhtar A1 - Veettil, Nandana Kappuva A1 - Wunderle, Bernhard A1 - Elger, Gordon T1 - Quantitative Kernel estimation from traffic signs using slanted edge spatial frequency response as a sharpness metric JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Sharpness is a critical optical property of automotive cameras, measured by the spatial frequency response (SFR) within the end-of-line (EOL) test after manufacturing. This work presents a method to estimate the blurring kernel of an automotive camera, which could be the first step toward state monitoring of automotive cameras. To achieve this, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed, using synthetic kernels generated by Zemax. The PCA model was built with approximately 1300 base kernels representing spatially variant point spread functions (PSFs). This model generates kernel samples during the estimation process. Synthetic images were created by convolving the synthetic kernels with reference traffic sign images and compared with real-life data captured by an automotive camera. These synthetic data were utilized for algorithm development, and later on, validation was performed on real-life data. The algorithm extracts two pixels regions of interest (ROIs) containing slanted edges from the blurred image and crops matching ROIs from a reference sharp image. Each candidate kernel was used to blur the reference ROIs, and the resulting SFR was compared with the blurred ROIs’ SFR. Differential evolution optimization minimizes the SFR difference, selecting the kernel that best matches the observed blur. The final kernel was evaluated against the true kernel for accuracy. The structural similarity index measure (SSIM) between the original and estimated blurred ROIs ranges from 0.808 to 0.945. For true vs. estimated kernels, SSIM varies from 0.92 to 0.98. Pearson correlation coefficients range from 0.84 to 0.99, Cosine similarity from 0.86 to 0.99, and mean squared error (MSE) from to . Validation on real-life camera images showed that the SSIM between the estimated and blurred ROI was >0.82, showing promising accuracy in kernel estimation, which could be used towards in-field monitoring of camera sharpness degradation. UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-40556-w Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-40556-w UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66915 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 16 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Müller, Simon Nikolaus A1 - Strobel, Rainer A1 - Faigl, Markus A1 - Schrag, Tobias ED - Fink, Christian ED - Brunner, Christoph T1 - Analysis of Industrial 5GDHC System in Ingolstadt BT - A Step Towards CO2-Neutral Industry T2 - International Sustainable Energy Conference - Proceedings N2 - This study comprehensively examines the technical manifestation and planning process for a shared thermal energy network at a 75-hectare industrial area in Ingolstadt. Unlike traditional systems, this (5GDHC) network showcases a smart integration of energy flows across 70 buildings with a yearly heating demand of around 17 GWh and a yearly cooling demand of around 35 GWh. The network spans over 9,100 meters of piping with diameters up to 800 mm. With thermal power from various sources including 1.8 MW waste heat from a data centre and potential for 10 MW from the Danube River, the system epitomizes a dynamic balance of heating and cooling demands. The paper itself examines the planning process of the system and encompasses topics such as defining energy requirements and load profiles, assessing potential energy sources and sinks for enhanced system efficiency, and analysing pipe and network design. Through this investigation, the study provides valuable insights towards a methodology to facilitate the successful implementation of future industrial 5GDHC systems, furthering the cause of sustainable energy. UR - https://doi.org/10.52825/isec.v1i.1152 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.52825/isec.v1i.1152 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66874 SN - 2976-2030 PB - TIB Open Publishing CY - Hannover ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mayr, Thomas A1 - Knollmeyer, Simon A1 - Jeknic, Isidora A1 - Fink, Leon A1 - Hensel, Ralph A1 - Huber, Marco F. A1 - Großmann, Daniel T1 - Enhancing Process Planning in the Automotive Industry: Extracting Procedural Knowledge from Assembly Operation Descriptions using Large Language Models JF - Procedia CIRP N2 - The non-standardized, human-written assembly descriptions have been a long-standing obstacle in the automotive assembly industry, making it difficult to use these data in the planning stage. The paper presents a standardization method based on Large Language Models (LLMs), focusing on consistency and clarity. This approach does not only streamline the planning processes but also facilitates the benchmarking of productivity and process quality across different individual parts and assembly lines, thus enabling comprehensive efficiency analysis and ultimately leading to more informed decision-making. Our method was evaluated at a German OEM in the automotive sector, demonstrating its practical applicability and effectiveness. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2026.01.137 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2026.01.137 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66843 SN - 2212-8271 VL - 2026 IS - 138 SP - 797 EP - 802 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Da Silva Junior, Amauri A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Birkner, Christian A1 - Jazar, Reza A1 - Marzbani, Hormoz T1 - Fault Tolerant Control With Reinforcement Learning for Evasive Maneuvers Using a Scaled Vehicle JF - IEEE Access N2 - Autonomous vehicle controllers are responsible for handling the vehicle at all times in any situation, including emergency conditions. An emergency might arise from, e.g., adverse weather conditions, short-time detection, and system faults. In this paper, we develop a fault-tolerant controller to handle actuator faults for an over-actuated autonomous vehicle based on reinforcement learning. A worst-case scenario is selected for the controller development, involving short-time detection of the preceding objects, high velocity, and dry to wet road conditions. The design of the vehicle controller is performed in three steps. First, a robust controller based on sliding mode control with lateral and longitudinal coupled strategy was built to ensure stability in emergency scenarios. Secondly, a strategy was proposed to identify the most critical vehicle faults that might lead to a crash. Building on these foundations, this study extends the vehicle controller to handle vehicle faults with a reinforcement learning strategy, enabling adaptive and robust fault handling in complex fault scenarios. The vehicle controller is designed and optimized in IPG-Carmaker®, and proof of concept is carried out in a scaled 1:3.33 test vehicle. The results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed controller in an emergency single-lane change with a velocity of up to 130 km/h. Tests in the scaled vehicle demonstrate the vehicle controller’s accuracy against simulation, with the application of reinforcement learning strategy in real-case scenarios. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3661179 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3661179 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66839 SN - 2169-3536 VL - 14 SP - 21353 EP - 21383 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salamat, Babak A1 - Mattern, Dominik A1 - Olzem, Sebastian-Sven A1 - Elsbacher, Gerhard A1 - Seidel, Christian A1 - Tonello, Andrea M. T1 - GMP3: Learning-Driven, Bellman-Guided Trajectory Planning for AAVs in Real-Time on SE(3) JF - IEEE Access N2 - We propose GMP3, a multiphase global path planning framework that generates dynamically feasible three-dimensional trajectories for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating in cluttered environments. The framework extends traditional path planning from Euclidean position spaces to the Lie group SE(3), allowing joint learning of translational motion and rotational dynamics. A modified Bellman-based operator is introduced to support reinforcement learning (RL) policy updates while leveraging prior trajectory information for improved convergence. GMP3 is designed as a distributed framework in which agents influence each other and share policy information along the trajectory: each agent refines its assigned segment and shares with its neighbors via a consensus-based scheme, enabling cooperative policy updates and convergence toward a path shaped globally even under kinematic constraints.We also propose DroneManager, a modular ground control software that interfaces the planner with real UAVs platforms via the Micro Air Vehicle Link (MAVLink) protocol, supporting real-time deployment and feedback. Simulation studies and indoor flight experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in constrained 3D environments, demonstrating reliable obstacle avoidance and smooth, feasible trajectories across both position and orientation. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3661193 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3661193 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66826 SN - 2169-3536 VL - 14 SP - 22720 EP - 22733 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jimenez, Victor A1 - Reyes de los Mozos, Mario A1 - Perea Paños, Pau A1 - Fritzsche, Paula Cecilia A1 - Mayer, Kevin A1 - Volkersdorfer, Tina A1 - Hof, Hans-Joachim A1 - Couturier, Christophe A1 - Ernst, Thierry A1 - Zhang, Miao A1 - Saied Mohamed, Mohamed A1 - Rodríguez-Arozamena, Mario A1 - Aranguren-Mendieta, Iñigo A1 - Pérez, Joshué A1 - Jousse, Adrien A1 - Murguia, Carlos A1 - van de Wouw, Nathan A1 - Bellessort, Romain A1 - Salami, Behzad A1 - Jevtić, Aleksandar A1 - Bannour, Boutheina A1 - Rodríguez Recasens, Manel A1 - Ropero, Isaac A1 - Ozbay, Burcu A1 - Eren, Ali A1 - Bektas, Mustafa A1 - Tezcan, Deryanur A1 - Pilz, Christoph A1 - Haas, Sarah A1 - Lenz, Gernot ED - McNally, Ciaran ED - Carroll, Páraic ED - Martinez-Pastor, Beatriz ED - Ghosh, Bidisha ED - Efthymiou, Marina ED - Valantasis-Kanellos, Nikolaos T1 - SELFY - Self Assessment, Protection and Healing Tools for a Trustworthy and Resilient CCAM T2 - Transport Transitions: Advancing Sustainable and Inclusive Mobility, Proceedings of the 10th TRA Conference, 2024 Dublin, Ireland - Volume 6: Connected Mobility Ecosy N2 - SELFY envisions an agnostic toolbox for the self-management of security and resilience of the CCAM (Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mobility) ecosystem, which can be easily deployed to extend the current Operational Design Domain (ODD), providing self-awareness, self-resilience and self-healing mechanisms and enhancing trust between stakeholders. SELFY is based on four pillars: Situational awareness, Resilience, Secure Data Sharing and Trust and provides three groups of tools. SACP (Situational Awareness and Collaborative Perception) tools aim at providing all CCAM actors with a comprehensive understanding of their environment, i.e., the perception of objects, such as other traffic participants and stationary objects. CRHS (Cooperative Resilience and Healing System) tools enable self-protection actions whenever a compromising situation is detected in relation to assets, vehicles, operations, or the system itself. TDMS (Trust and Data Management System) tools establish a secure and trusted environment for data in a collaborative and cooperative context, both for infrastructure and assets, as well as for citizen’s data, such as drivers or pedestrians with special attention to privacy considerations. By defining a collaborative environment between the different tools to respond to new threats, risks and attacks SELFY facilitates the comprehension of new challenges in the cybersecurity aspect of CCAMs. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06763-0_106 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06763-0_106 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66819 SN - 978-3-032-06763-0 SP - 745 EP - 751 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreilinger, Laurens A1 - Zott, Stefan A1 - Hemmert, Werner A1 - Karg, Sonja T1 - Dry electrode impedance: a new approach towards improved characterization JF - Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express N2 - Electrode-skin impedance plays a crucial role in electrophysiological signal acquisition, influencing signal quality and measurement reliability. We designed a reproducibility measurement setup, using a membrane with a saline solution and a three-electrode Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy measurement setup (range 1 Hz–20 kHz), to mimic the electrode-skin impedance. The system allowed controlled application of pressure to the working electrode (WE) and measurement of all setup parameters. With this setup, reproducible results were achieved, with a standard deviation of 5.5% of the mean impedance across three builds. Potentiostatic and impedance analyzer measurements with six types of dry electrodes produced comparable results, with an average error of 10%. The six dry electrode types exhibited impedance variations of up to a factor of 10,000 at low frequencies, depending on material and geometry. Ag/AgCl-coated electrodes exhibited an impedance reduction by a factor of 100 at 1 Hz compared to their uncoated counterparts. The proposed setup provides a standardized and reproducible approach for characterizing electrode impedance across different materials, coatings, and geometries. UR - https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ae3e9c Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ae3e9c UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66800 SN - 2057-1976 VL - 12 IS - 2 PB - IOP Publishing CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bechthold, Laura A1 - Rosendahl Huber, Laura A1 - Eddleston, Kimberly A. T1 - Debiasing entrepreneurial careers: A field experiment on female role model effects on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and early-stage career choices JF - Journal of Business Venturing N2 - Women remain underrepresented not only as founders but also as employees – or “joiners” – in young and small firms, limiting their exposure to entrepreneurial environments that often serve as critical pathways to venture creation. To address this gap, we investigate whether introducing female entrepreneur role models in educational settings can shape young women's entrepreneurial self-efficacy and early career choices. Drawing on role congruity theory and social cognitive career theory (SCCT), we conducted a field experiment involving over 430 university students and 98 early-stage entrepreneurs. Using a pre-test/post-test design and longitudinal tracking of early career choices, we explore the causal effects of exogenously assigned female role models on students' decisions to join a young or small firm. We find that exposure to social interactions with female entrepreneurs significantly boosts female students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy. More importantly, women who were paired with a female entrepreneur were over 10% more likely to join a young firm after graduation compared to those assigned to a male entrepreneur. Mediation analysis confirms that entrepreneurial self-efficacy is a key mechanism linking exposure to same-sex role models with women's decision to join a young firm. These findings highlight the potential of targeted role model interventions to reduce gender disparities in entrepreneurial entry pathways and expand the diversity of entrepreneurial ecosystems. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2026.106582 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2026.106582 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66745 SN - 1873-2003 SN - 0883-9026 VL - 41 IS - 3 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Amâncio de Moraes, André A1 - Cristófoli Duarte Silva, Letícia A1 - Tancredi, Thiago Pontin A1 - Vasconcellos Ferreira, Cristiano T1 - Support methodology to the informational and conceptual design of small recreational powerboats JF - Human Factors in Design N2 - This article proposes a methodology for the design of motor recreational boats which are a crucial part of the Brazilian nautical industry. Despite the high demand for these boats, design methodologies for small leisure vessels are not well explored in the literature, leading to not mapped aspects as design information treatment, requirements engineering, and trade-off conflicts. The proposed methodology aims to systematize the obtaining of design specifications, generation and evaluation of solution concepts, employing de- sign support tools. The methodology was evaluated by applying it on a small recreational motorboat, and the results were positively evaluated by nautical industry and academic specialists, leading to acceptation of the methodology and some suggestions for improvement. N2 - Este artigo propõe uma metodologia para o projeto de embarcações de recreio a motor, que são uma parte crucial da indústria náutica brasileira. Apesar da grande demanda por essas embarcações, metodologias de projeto para pequenas embarcações de lazer não são bem exploradas na literatura, levando a aspectos não mapeados como tratamento de informações de projeto, engenharia de requisitos e conflitos de trade-off. A metodologia proposta visa sistematizar a obtenção de especificações de projeto, geração e avaliação de conceitos de soluções, empregando ferramentas de apoio ao projeto. A metodologia foi avaliada aplicando-a em uma pequena lancha de recreio, e os resultados foram avaliados positivamente pela indústria náutica e por especialistas acadêmicos, levando à aceitação da metodologia e a algumas sugestões de melhoria. T2 - Metodologia de suporte ao projeto informativo e conceitual de pequenas lanchas recreativas UR - https://doi.org/10.5965/2316796313252024165 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.5965/2316796313252024165 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66739 SN - 2316-7963 VL - 13 IS - 25 SP - 165 EP - 186 PB - Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina CY - Florianópolis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Emberger, Lukas A1 - Nair, Gireesh A1 - Lichtenegger, Klaus A1 - Moser, Maria A1 - Summ, Thorsten A1 - Natiesta, Thomas A1 - Fan, Jianhua A1 - Wang, Pengcheng A1 - Unterberger, Viktor A1 - Ohnewein, Philip T1 - Open data in the solar thermal community: Status, barriers, and opportunities JF - Solar Energy Advances N2 - Open data in the renewable energy sector could contribute to a greener future and reduce carbon emissions. This study investigates existing open datasets in the solar thermal domain, challenges in publishing and using open data and its potential impact. The results support the common belief that open data is useful, offering considerable benefits for data re-users and the solar thermal community. While substantial open data in the solar thermal domain already exists, some datasets like plant statistics and cost data are hard to utilize due to licensing, accessibility, and quality issues. The study shows that data owners benefit less from publishing data compared to data re-users and service providers. While data sharing seems appealing to data owners, several barriers discourage data sharing. Suggestions to promote the use and publications of open data in solar thermal domain are discussed. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seja.2025.100114 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seja.2025.100114 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66691 SN - 2667-1131 VL - 2025 IS - 5 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schimpf, Sven A1 - Lauster, Michael A1 - Schwarz, Jan Oliver A1 - John, Marcus T1 - Science fiction and innovation: A literature analysis on science fiction-related methods mapped into the innovation process JF - Futures N2 - In the development of innovations over the past decades, data-driven methods have become commonplace. Alongside advantages in effectiveness and efficiency comes the danger of relying on data describing past rather than future developments which can result in a loss of imagination and creativity. In parallel, a growing awareness of the interface between innovation and science fiction can be observed in academia and among practitioners. This awareness is most often based on the hypothesis that taking inspiration from science fiction can create value in the development of innovations. Despite numerous case studies in the literature describing this interface, a major part of methods applied seem to have been chosen in an unstructured, almost random way. This study investigates the literature in search of science fiction-related methods able to support the development of innovations. With around 60.000 publications considered based on a high-level search, a refined search combined with a manual search led to 17 science fiction-related methods to support the development of innovations. Using a six-phase generic innovation process, the methods identified were mapped into the process based on semantic similarities between the objectives of each method and the objectives of innovation process phases. This mapping is understood as an overview and conceptualization offering a baseline for future academic research and guidance for practitioners on choosing the most appropriate science fiction-related methods for developing innovations. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2026.103770 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2026.103770 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66648 SN - 1873-6378 VL - 2026 IS - 177 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hußenether, Thomas A1 - Rufino Júnior, Carlos Antônio A1 - Selaibe Pires, Tomás A1 - Mishra, Tarani A1 - Nahar, Jinesh A1 - Vaghani, Akash A1 - Polzer, Richard A1 - Diel, Sergej A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Analysis of the Measurement Uncertainties in the Characterization Tests of Lithium-Ion Cells JF - Energies N2 - The transition to renewable energy systems and electric mobility depends on the effectiveness, reliability, and durability of lithium-ion battery technology. Accurate modeling and control of battery systems are essential to ensure safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness in electric vehicles and grid storage. In engineering and materials science, battery models depend on physical parameters such as capacity, energy, state of charge (SOC), internal resistance, power, and self-discharge rate. These parameters are affected by measurement uncertainty. Despite the widespread use of lithium-ion cells, few studies quantify how measurement uncertainty propagates to derived battery parameters and affects predictive modeling. This study quantifies how uncertainty in voltage, current, and temperature measurements reduces the accuracy of derived parameters used for simulation and control. This work presents a comprehensive uncertainty analysis of 18650 format lithium-ion cells with nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes. It applies the law of error propagation to quantify uncertainty in key battery parameters. The main result shows that small variations in voltage, current, and temperature measurements can produce measurable deviations in internal resistance and SOC. These findings challenge the common assumption that such uncertainties are negligible in practice. The results also highlight a risk for battery management systems that rely on these parameters for control and diagnostics. The results show that propagated uncertainty depends on chemistry because of differences in voltage profiles, kinetic limitations, and temperature sensitivity. This observation informs cell selection and testing for specific applications. Improved quantification and control of measurement uncertainty can improve model calibration and reduce lifetime and cost risks in battery systems. These results support more robust diagnostic strategies and more defensible warranty thresholds. This study shows that battery testing and modeling should report and propagate measurement uncertainty explicitly. This is important for data-driven and physics-informed models used in industry and research. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en19030825 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en19030825 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66630 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 19 IS - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - James, Stuart Daniel A1 - Killinger, Markus A1 - Mutanga, Chiedza Ngonidzashe A1 - Pirard, Romain A1 - Einax, Mario A1 - Huber, Matthias A1 - Bader, Tobias T1 - The hybrid renewable energy community approach (HyRECA): Synergising electricity access with bush encroachment mitigation in rural Southern Africa JF - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition N2 - Rural electrification and bush encroachment in Southern Africa have long been studied separately. Research shows that hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) offer viable solutions for off-grid communities, and bush encroachment mitigation is widely recognised as an ecological priority. Using Jamataka, Botswana, as a case study, this study integrates both, asking under which conditions encroacher bush-based HRES are economically viable, which electricity access levels local populations can afford, and whether biomass utilisation contributes to mitigation. Findings indicate strong potential for bush-based HRES in off-grid areas, but competitiveness declines where low-cost grid electricity is available. Economic viability is examined through levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) across alternative HRES configurations. HOMER Pro® simulations indicate PV/biomass/battery systems are most cost-effective off-grid, achieving 100 % renewable fractions, near zero CO₂ emissions, and LCOE of 0.246 $/kWh. In grid-connected contexts without feed-in, PV/diesel/grid combinations dominate (LCOE 0.117 $/kWh) due to low tariffs, but with higher emissions. A novel affordability analysis using household willingness to pay and the World Bank Multi-Tier Framework indicates that all households reach at least Tier 3 electricity access under grid-connected systems and >70 % off-grid, supporting household-use of medium-power appliances. Sustainable biomass extraction clears ∼12 ha annually (∼120 t) in Jamataka, aiding bush encroachment mitigation. Upscaling indicates potential to electrify 1.35 million people in >900 bush-encroached villages across Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa, using <1 % of encroached land – highlighting significant untapped potential. Future research should validate findings through geospatial modelling with high-resolution biomass data and spatially sensitive biomass cost models for region-wide planning. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rset.2025.100136 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rset.2025.100136 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66620 SN - 2667-095X VL - 2026 IS - 9 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - INPR A1 - Dönmez, Ömer A1 - Tejero de la Piedra, Ricardo A1 - Klose, Simona A1 - Riolet, Matthieu A1 - Rozek, Lukas A1 - Vaculin, Ondrej A1 - Hach, Christian T1 - Approach for Passive Safety Assessment of Rearward-Sitting Occupants N2 - The introduction of highly automated vehicles (HAVs) will allow vehicle occupants to take advantage of new seating configurations, such as sitting rearward in the first row. One critical aspect of assessing occupant safety during high-speed impacts is the lack of a dedicated safety framework for rearward-facing passengers in the first row. This paper introduces a method to develop new assessment criteria for these novel seat configurations. Thus, this research presents some preliminary results of rearward-facing occupant injury biomechanics analyses carried out employing a variety of anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) and the VIVA+ 50M human body model (HBM), restrained with different belt configurations and considering different seat typologies. It reviews the suitability of 50th percentile male ATDs to capture a biofidelic engagement with the seat structure and belt system and evaluates the reaction loads on the occupant, along with the energy management resulting from seat back rotational stiffness and energy-absorbing foams layered behind the seat cushion. Based on the results, the THOR-AV-50M is a suitable candidate for further biofidelity analysis. Torso occupant loads can be effectively reduced utilizing seat back rotation but pelvis load management requires further studies. UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18338626 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18338626 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66254 PB - Zenodo CY - Genf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mohan, Adithya A1 - Schön, Torsten T1 - Toward Robust Agents: A Survey of Adversarial Attacks and Defenses in Deep Reinforcement Learning JF - IEEE Access N2 - Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has demonstrated remarkable success in autonomous decision-making across diverse domains, including robotics, autonomous driving, and game playing. However, recent studies have uncovered a critical vulnerability: DRL agents are highly susceptible to adversarial attacks that can significantly degrade their performance or lead to catastrophic failure. These attacks exploit different components of the learning pipeline observations, actions, rewards, and policies exposing new challenges unique to DRL compared to supervised learning. This survey provides a comprehensive examination of adversarial threats and corresponding defense mechanisms within the DRL paradigm. This also aims to serve as a foundational reference for researchers and practitioners seeking to understand and mitigate adversarial vulnerabilities in DRL. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3657855 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3657855 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66232 SN - 2169-3536 VL - 14 SP - 14481 EP - 14497 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ammeling, Jonas A1 - Ganz, Jonathan A1 - Rosbach, Emely A1 - Lausser, Ludwig A1 - Bertram, Christof A1 - Breininger, Katharina A1 - Aubreville, Marc T1 - Benchmarking Foundation Models for Mitotic Figure Classification JF - Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging N2 - The performance of deep learning models is known to scale with data quantity and diversity. In pathology, as in many other medical imaging domains, the availability of labeled images for a specific task is often limited. Self-supervised learning techniques have enabled the use of vast amounts of unlabeled data to train large-scale neural networks, i.e., foundation models, that can address the limited data problem by providing semantically rich feature vectors that can generalize well to new tasks with minimal training effort increasing model performance and robustness. In this work, we investigate the use of foundation models for mitotic figure classification. The mitotic count, which can be derived from this classification task, is an independent prognostic marker for specific tumors and part of certain tumor grading systems. In particular, we investigate the data scaling laws on multiple current foundation models and evaluate their robustness to unseen tumor domains. Next to the commonly used linear probing paradigm, we also adapt the models using low-rank adaptation (LoRA) of their attention mechanisms. We compare all models against end-to-end-trained baselines, both CNNs and Vision Transformers. Our results demonstrate that LoRA-adapted foundation models provide superior performance to those adapted with standard linear probing, reaching performance levels close to 100 % data availability with only 10 % of training data. Furthermore, LoRA-adaptation of the most recent foundation models almost closes the out-of-domain performance gap when evaluated on unseen tumor domains. However, full fine-tuning of traditional architectures still yields competitive performance. UR - https://doi.org/10.59275/j.melba.2026-a3eb Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.59275/j.melba.2026-a3eb UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66220 SN - 2766-905X VL - 3 IS - MELBA–BVM 2025 Special Issue SP - 38 EP - 55 PB - Melba editors CY - [s. l.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baum, Heinz-Georg A1 - Fink, Christian A1 - Fischer, Thomas M. A1 - Günther, Edeltraud A1 - Günther, Thomas A1 - Haller, Axel A1 - Kafadar, Kalina A1 - Marten, Kai-Uwe A1 - Schultze, Wolfgang A1 - Wittmann, Robert T1 - „Konnektivität“ als Strukturprinzip akademischen Wirkens von Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Adolf G. Coenenberg – Ein Nachruf JF - Schmalenbach Impulse UR - https://doi.org/10.54585/JAEY3059 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.54585/JAEY3059 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66127 SN - 2749-9804 N1 - Ausgenommen von der Lizenz sind im Beitrag enthaltene Zitate und sonstige eingebundene externe Inhalte. VL - 5 PB - Schmalenbach-Gesellschaft fur Betriebswirtschaft CY - Frechen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raisuddin, Abu Mohammed A1 - Holmblad, Jesper A1 - Haghighi, Hamed A1 - Poledna, Yuri A1 - Funk Drechsler, Maikol A1 - Donzella, Valentina A1 - Aksoy, Eren Erdal T1 - REHEARSE-3D: A Multi-Modal Emulated Rain Dataset for 3D Point Cloud De-Raining JF - Sensors N2 - Sensor degradation poses a significant challenge in autonomous driving. During heavy rainfall, interference from raindrops can adversely affect the quality of LiDAR point clouds, resulting in, for instance, inaccurate point measurements. This, in turn, can potentially lead to safety concerns if autonomous driving systems are not weather-aware, i.e., if they are unable to discern such changes. In this study, we release a new, large-scale, multi-modal emulated rain dataset, REHEARSE-3D, to promote research advancements in 3D point cloud de-raining. Distinct from the most relevant competitors, our dataset is unique in several respects. First, it is the largest point-wise annotated dataset (9.2 billion annotated points), and second, it is the only one with high-resolution LiDAR data (LiDAR-256) enriched with 4D RADAR point clouds logged in both daytime and nighttime conditions in a controlled weather environment. Furthermore, REHEARSE-3D involves rain-characteristic information, which is of significant value not only for sensor noise modeling but also for analyzing the impact of weather at the point level. Leveraging REHEARSE-3D, we benchmark raindrop detection and removal in fused LiDAR and 4D RADAR point clouds. Our comprehensive study further evaluates the performance of various statistical and deep learning models, where SalsaNext and 3D-OutDet achieve above 94% IoU for raindrop detection. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/s26020728 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/s26020728 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66060 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 26 IS - 2 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maksimovski, Daniel A1 - Festag, Andreas A1 - Facchi, Christian T1 - Adaptive Message Generation Rules for V2X Maneuver Coordination Service JF - IEEE Access N2 - Maneuver coordination enables connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) to collaboratively plan, negotiate, and execute driving maneuvers, aiming to enhance safety, traffic flow, and energy efficiency. As part of the Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication system, it operates as a dedicated service that relies on detailed, bidirectional interactions between vehicles, unlike traditional broadcast-based V2X services. While maneuver coordination is the focus of ongoing research and standardization, the rules that govern when and how vehicles generate Maneuver Coordination Messages (MCMs) within the Maneuver Coordination Service (MCS) are still not fully defined. These rules are essential for ensuring timely and reliable coordination. This paper proposes three adaptive MCM generation strategies based on the operation mode of the MCS, maneuver priority, and current channel load. The first approach defines MCM rules for intent sharing, maneuver negotiation, and execution phases, factoring in maneuver importance. The second adjusts the frequency of intent MCMs when a negotiation message is received from another vehicle. The third adapts frequency based on real-time channel load during intent sharing. For comparison, two baseline strategies are also evaluated. The proposed rules are tested for highway merging and lane change use cases in traffic scenarios with increasing vehicle density and high channel loads. A comprehensive evaluation is conducted using metrics related to the network, message generation frequency, congestion control, and maneuver coordination. The results demonstrate significantly enhanced channel efficiency and communication reliability across all metrics. For example, under the final approach, maneuver negotiation time is reduced by a factor of five in congested V2X environments. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3652364 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3652364 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66051 SN - 2169-3536 VL - 14 SP - 6417 EP - 6437 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schönhofer, Gerhard A1 - Komonen, Pauli A1 - Schwarz, Jan Oliver A1 - Bechthold, Laura T1 - Futures of Everyday Life: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Future Personas in Scenarios JF - Futures & Foresight Science N2 - Scenario reports, holding a long‐standing tradition in foresight and futures studies, act as an essential document for organizations to prepare for possible, plausible, and alternative futures. Focusing on descriptions and representations of everyday life, we examined 29 future persona narratives from six publications—covering a wide field from public to private sector—through qualitative content analysis. Our guiding question is: How can anthropological perspectives such as cultural relativism or postcolonial discourses contribute to an in‐depth, qualitative interpretation depictions of future everyday life? Acknowledging anthropology's colonial origins and its growing commitment to the interests of indigenous and other marginalized groups, we offer alternative readings of prominent scenario reports. Our findings suggest that scenario reports, in addition to anticipating possible futures, construct certain futures based on a systematic analysis of empirical data but also speculative interpretation. The results of these interpretative acts often appear elitist, stereotypical, and technocratic, often replicating dominant societal narratives rather than fostering substantive shifts in how the future is imagined. We therefore call for a more polyphonic representation of futures in scenario writing and foresight work that can produce more discontinuous and transformative images of the future. We understand polyphonic representations as coined by various independent, predominant as well as subaltern perspectives on the same issue at stake while being offered the same amount of space. Therefore, as we will indicate in our analysis, most of the reports referred to are rather monophonic and do not offer discuptive perspectives on the future of everyday life. As an avenue of methodological development, we propose a more nuanced and comprehensive perception of culture and social structures in scenario narrative writing. In addition, ethnographic methods could increase our understanding of how futures are collaboratively constructed and produced by different actors and their respective backgrounds and knowledge in scenario processes. UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/ffo2.70030 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/ffo2.70030 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66024 SN - 2573-5152 VL - 8 IS - 1 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwerd, Simon A1 - Schulte, Axel ED - Paljic, Alexis ED - Ziat, Mounia ED - Bouatouch, Kadi T1 - Interaction-based Implicit Calibration of Eye-Tracking in an Aircraft Cockpit T2 - Proceedings of the 18th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - Volume 2 N2 - We present a method to calibrate an eye-tracking system based on cockpit interactions of a pilot. Many studies show the feasibility of implicit calibration with specific interactions such as mouse clicks or smooth pursuit eye movements. In real-world applications, different types of interactions often co-exist in the “natural” operation of a system. Therefore, we developed a method that combines different types of interaction to enable implicit calibration in operational work environments. Based on a preselection of calibration candidates, we use an algorithm to select suitable samples and targets to perform implicit calibration. We evaluated our approach in an aircraft cockpit simulator with seven pilot candidates. Our approach reached a median accuracy between 2° to 4° on different cockpit displays dependent on the number of interactions. Differences between participants indicated that the correlation between gaze and interaction position is influenced by individual factors such as experience. UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0011657200003417 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0011657200003417 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65971 SN - 978-989-758-634-7 SP - 55 EP - 62 PB - SciTePress CY - Setúbal ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwerd, Simon A1 - Schulte, Axel ED - Bashford-Rogers, Thomas ED - Meneveaux, Daniel ED - Ziat, Mounia ED - Ammi, Mehdi ED - Jänicke, Stefan ED - Purchase, Helen ED - Bouatouch, Kadi ED - Sousa, A. Augusto T1 - Evaluating Blink Rate as a Dynamic Indicator of Mental Workload in a Flight Simulator T2 - Proceedings of the 19th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - Volume 1 N2 - This study assesses blink rate as a potential indicator for mental workload (MWL) in a dual task scenario in a flight simulator. Prior research indicated that blink rate decreases as mental workload increases across various tasks and domains. In our study, we aimed to determine if these findings are consistent in a dual task environment within a fast jet simulator. Furthermore, we evaluated blink rate fluctuations caused by the dynamic shifts in MWL as tasks are executed, switched, or completed. To investigate this, we executed a flight simulator experiment involving ten participants. They were tasked with two distinct activities: first, classifying air and ground targets, and second, maintaining a specific flight altitude. The results validated that blink rate decreases with increasing task difficulty. However, when a secondary task imposes significant workload, blink rates did not reliably indicate the primary task’s difficulty. We also found that the timing of spontaneous blinks w as influenced by task completion and switches. Specifically, blink rates surged immediately after decision-making points and during transitions between tasks. UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0012319100003660 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.5220/0012319100003660 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65924 SN - 978-989-758-679-8 SP - 362 EP - 368 PB - SciTePress CY - Setúbal ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwerd, Simon A1 - Schulte, Axel T1 - Triggering Cockpit Alerts Using an Eye-Tracking-Based Measure of Monitoring Performance JF - Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors N2 - This study explored the potential for enhancing pilot performance via an alerting system that adapts according to an eye-tracking-based measure of monitoring. The novel measure combines gaze analysis with system state assessment to estimate the pilot’s understanding of the current system state. On this basis, an alerting system was developed to direct pilot attention to unnoticed system state changes, thereby improving system state monitoring. In a flight simulator study involving 10 participants in a generic jet cockpit, we compared the adaptive alerting system with a no-assistance condition. Although alerting improved the participants’ performance in two tracking tasks, it adversely impacted performance in a third task. Nonetheless, alerting resulted in a decrease in both variance and mean detection time of critical changes. Participants’ subjective ratings were generally positive, yet they criticized the lack of transparency of the alerting mechanism. Alerts triggered based on eye-tracking and system state show potential for improving operator task performance. Nonetheless, for the system to reach its full performance potential, it is critical that the operator understand the principles underlying the alert triggers. False positives and alert design were identified as key areas for improvement to maintain user trust and task flow. UR - https://doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000263 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000263 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65916 SN - 2192-0931 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 22 EP - 37 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rodríguez-Arozamena, Mario A1 - Matute, Jose A1 - Pérez, Joshué A1 - Ozbay, Burcu A1 - Tezcan, Deryanur A1 - Begecarslan, Enes A1 - Mutlukaya, Irem A1 - Mayer, Kevin A1 - Volkersdorfer, Tina A1 - Hof, Hans-Joachim ED - McNally, Ciaran ED - Carroll, Páraic ED - Martinez-Pastor, Beatriz ED - Ghosh, Bidisha ED - Efthymiou, Marina ED - Valantasis-Kanellos, Nikolaos T1 - A Fail-Safe Decision Architecture for CCAM Applications T2 - Transport Transitions: Advancing Sustainable and Inclusive Mobility, Proceedings of the 10th TRA Conference, 2024 Dublin, Ireland - Volume 6: Connected Mobility Ecosystems N2 - In the context of Connected, Cooperative, and Automated Mobility (CCAM), precise ego-vehicle positioning and environmental status assessment are crucial. However, these tasks can be susceptible to sensor failures, misuse, and cyberattacks. Automation disengagements and system redundancy are common strategies to achieve Minimum Risk Conditions when failures occur. This paper presents a Fail-Safe decision architecture formulated within the framework of the SELFY project (https://selfy-project.eu/). The main aim is to reduce inaccuracies in GNSS-derived positioning through the incorporation of sensor fusion, AI-guided situational assessment, trajectory planning, and mode decision components. Additionally, the architecture has been designed to enable real-time updates and communication with external entities, including the Vehicle Security Operations Centre. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06763-0_104 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06763-0_104 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65868 SN - 978-3-032-06763-0 SP - 731 EP - 737 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stenzel, Frauke A1 - Küpper, Steffen A1 - Rausch, Andreas A1 - Schiering, Ina A1 - Bikker, Gert ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Projektbasierte Lehre in der Informatik zur Entwicklung von Zukunftskompetenzen T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Das Studienprogramm „Digital Technologies“ ist ein praxisorientiertes Informatik-Studium. Das zugrundeliegende Konzept sieht einen starken Anwendungsbezug unter Berücksichtigung der Nachhaltigkeit vor. Herzstück des Studienprogramms ist die projektbasierte Lehre. Im Umfang von einem Drittel der Studienzeit lernen die Studierenden in Projekten an realen Aufgabenstellungen aus Forschung oder Industrie. Für die Umsetzung der projektbasierten Lehre wird die agile Projektmanagementmethode Scrum verwandt; ein inkrementelles und iteratives Vorgehensmodell, basierend auf empirischer Prozesskontrolle. Die Studierendenteams lernen in kurzen, gut planbaren Sprints selbstorganisiert und eigenverantwortlich. Im Rahmen dieser Projekte erwerben die Studierenden neben der Fähigkeit, erlerntes Wissen praxisnah umzusetzen, Kompetenzen im Bereich der Future Skills, wie agiles Arbeiten, Kommunikationsfähigkeit, Teamarbeit, Reflexionsfähigkeit, Selbstorganisation und Problemlösekompetenz. KW - projektbasierte Lehre KW - Scrum KW - Zukunftskompetenzen KW - Informatik-Studiengang Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63762 N1 - ausgenommen von der Lizenz: Abb. 4: "Scrumboard für einen Sprint, erstellt mit der Software Taiga." (lizenziert unter MPL 2.0, s. https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/) SP - 170 EP - 177 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reuthlinger, Eva A1 - Sinha, Tanja T1 - Impact Investing from an European Perspective – Do Good and Earn Money? JF - Copernican Journal of Finance & Accounting N2 - Impact Investing provides a promising way to fund sustainable development while balancing financial, social, and environmental goals. This study compares the performance of Impact, Conventional, and ESG Portfolios in the European stock market over more than 10 years, using Markowitz Optimization and Naive Diversification. The findings show that Impact Portfolios yield the highest returns, without sacrificing financial performance when integrating sustainability criteria that go beyond the classical ESG investing. UR - http://dx.doi. org/10.12775/CJFA.2025.005 Y1 - 2025 UR - http://dx.doi. org/10.12775/CJFA.2025.005 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65823 SN - 2300-3065 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 87 EP - 109 PB - Nicolaus Copernicus University CY - Toruń ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Sebastian-Manuel A1 - Zeh, Stefan A1 - Anders, Karina A1 - Hirschmann, Katrin A1 - Stieg, Volker T1 - Wissenschaftliche Weiterbildung neu bewertet BT - Das Spannungsverhältnis von Bildungsauftrag und Nachfrageorientierung als strukturgebendes Element für bayerische Hochschulen JF - Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung N2 - Die Interpretation der Hochschule als Institution des lebenslangen Lernens und das Öffnen für neue Zielgruppen stellt die staatlichen Bildungseinrichtungen vor erhebliche Herausforderungen, die Aktualisierungshandeln erforderlich machen. Hierdurch begeben sich die staatlichen Einrichtungen auf einen bereits etablierten Bildungsmarkt, der sich vom bekannten Handlungsfeld unterscheidet, da er unentwegt ein agiles Handeln und eine schnelle Adaptionsfähigkeit auf neue Bildungsanforderungen benötigt. Immer öfter ist aber die Einrichtung Universität in einer unentwegten Grundsatzdebatte gefangen, die sich immer durch zwei Extrema auszeichnet: arbeitet man marktzentriert oder beharrt man auf seiner vorhandenen Rolle als staatliche Einrichtung mit eindeutigem Bildungsauftrag und wie setzt man nun wissenschaftliche Weiterbildung gemäß dessen um? Konträr zur allgegenwärtigen Interpretation „Bildungsauftrag vs. / oder Cash Cow“ und einem notwendigen Klärungsbedarf der Situationslage ist genau dieses Spannungsverhältnis zwischen den beiden Dimensionen für die Umsetzung der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung an (bayerischen) Hochschulen notwendig. Das Spannungsfeld Bildungsauftrag und Nachfrageorientierung ist die beispiellose Triebkraft für Existenz, erfolgreiche Durchführung und Weiterentwicklung der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung und des (Weiter-)Bildungsmarkts. UR - https://doi.org/10.4119/zhwb-3136 Y1 - 2020 UR - https://doi.org/10.4119/zhwb-3136 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65730 SN - 2567-2673 VL - 2020 IS - 1 SP - 44 EP - 54 PB - DGWF CY - Kassel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Panzer, Hannes A1 - Landesberger, Martin A1 - Luzin, Vladimir A1 - Rauner, Dominik A1 - Wolf, Daniel A1 - Zaeh, Michael T1 - Evaluating the predictive capabilities of part-scale residual stress simulations of PBF-LB/M up to crack formation by a comparison to neutron diffraction JF - Engineering Fracture Mechanics N2 - Additive manufacturing technologies have proven to be an excellent alternative to conventional production methods, especially when geometrically complex parts and low production quantities are aimed at. Specifically, powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M) additionally allows for the manufacturing of mechanically highly stressable parts. However, the heat input through the laser beam into the material and an irregular cooling during the processing result in the formation of high residual stresses. These lead to form deviations outside the specified tolerances and may accumulate to an extent, at which stress-induced cracking occurs. This emphasizes the need for an accurate prediction of the residual stresses during the PBF-LB/M process with the goal of a first-time-right additive manufacturing. In this study, three specimens exhibiting high residual stress formations during PBF-LB/M were manufactured from the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718. Afterwards, the stresses were measured by means of neutron diffraction. The results provided the validation data for a subsequent finite element simulation, representing the build-up process on a part-scale, in which the data evaluation was conducted in accordance with the measurements for a high comparability. A comparison between the simulation and the neutron diffraction results of all three specimens showed a very good agreement of the normal stresses in all three coordinate directions, both for tensile and compressive stresses. The obtained results highlight the validity of the applied simplified part-scale simulation. The latter can, therefore, be utilized to increase the process understanding of residual stress and crack formations. It can also be used to enable process parameter modifications or geometry adaptions, aiming at a first-time-right additive manufacturing. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111713 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111713 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65712 SN - 0013-7944 VL - 2026 IS - 331 PB - Elsevier CY - Kidlington ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Elstermann, Matthes A1 - Fleischmann, Albert A1 - Moser, Christoph A1 - Oppl, Stefan A1 - Schmidt, Werner A1 - Stary, Christian T1 - Contextual Process Digitalization BT - Changing Perspectives – Design Thinking – Value-Led Design N2 - This open access book presents an overview and step-by-step explanation of process management. It starts with the individual participants’ perspectives on their work in a process and its structuring and harmonization, and then moves on to its specification in a model and how it is embedded in the organizational and IT environment of the company. Lastly, the book examines the joint processing of instances in the resulting socio-technical systems. A corresponding illustration, which expands with the overview, enables readers to gain a comprehensive understanding of business process management. The book presents various facets of business process management from the perspective of the participants, and introduces a selection of models that have proved useful in practice. The design of such models supports the transition from a more-or-less unstructured or unsatisfactory way of working to a structured process that corresponds to the ideas of the company and its customers. For this second edition, several new sections dealing with the integration of IoT processes, artificial intelligence, and social behavior patterns in process mining, a whole chapter on implementation and operation, and three new case studies were added. The book is intended for professionals in industry as well as students in the field of business information systems who are looking for guidelines on how to discover, create and implement real-world processes. UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06901-6 Y1 - 2026 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06901-6 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65685 SN - 978-3-032-06901-6 PB - Springer CY - Cham ET - Second Edition ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bienert, Jörg A1 - Regnet, Simon T1 - Stability Analysis for an Ultra-Lightweight Glider Airplane with Electric Driven Two-Blade Propeller JF - Vibration N2 - Safety is the most important requirement in flight operations. This also affects the application for an extreme lightweight glider in this paper. Essential properties are the target weight below 120 kgand the electric propulsion. The unsymmetric inertia from the two-blade propeller at the rear in combination with the light and flexible aluminium tube support makes it necessary to investigate the risk of mechanical instability. Starting from the equations of motion, the time-variant system matrices are set up. The simulation of Floquet multiplier and Hill’s hyper-eigenvalue problem provide the necessary information about the system stability. The conclusion is that the potential instability due to structural damping in the observed system can be avoided in the range of operation. The damping, experimentally determined by approximately 2%, is sufficient. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration9010003 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration9010003 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65640 SN - 2571-631X VL - 9 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gregor, Markus A1 - Bauder, Maximilian A1 - Kirsten Vidal de Oliveira, Aline A1 - Mast, Pascal A1 - Rüther, Ricardo A1 - Schweiger, Hans-Georg T1 - Approaches for Lifetime Prediction of Vehicle Traction Battery Systems During a Technical Inspection: A Systematic Review JF - World Electric Vehicle Journal N2 - Creating trust in society for new technologies, such as a new types of powertrains, and making them marketable requires transparent, neutral, and independent technical verification. This is crucial for the acceptance and success of electrified vehicles in the used car markets. A key component of electric vehicles is the traction battery, whose current and future condition, particularly regarding aging, determines its residual value and safe operation. This review aims to identify and evaluate methods for predicting the lifetime of onboard traction batteries, focusing on their applicability in technical inspections. A systematic literature and patent review was conducted using targeted keywords, yielding 22 patents and 633 publications. From these, 150 distinct lifetime prediction methods were extracted and categorized into a four-level mind map. These methods are summarized, cited, and structured in detailed tables. The relationships between approaches are explained to clarify the current research landscape. Long Short-Term Memory, Convolutional Neural Networks, and Particle Filters were identified as the most frequently used techniques. However, no methods were found suitable for predicting the lifetime of traction batteries during technical vehicle inspections, which operate under short test durations, limited data access, and diverse real-world operating conditions. Most studies focused on cell-level testing and did not address complete battery systems in operational vehicles. This gap highlights the need for applied research and the development of practical methods to support battery assessment in real-world conditions. Advancing this field is essential to foster confidence in battery systems and enable a sustainable transition to electromobility. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17010003 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17010003 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65631 SN - 2032-6653 VL - 17 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Griesbeck, Michael A1 - Alles, Martina A1 - Teistler, Anja ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Hybrid & kollaborativ: zukunftsorientiertes Lernen in einem lernförderlichen Lehr-Experimentierraum T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Im Projekt HigHRoQ an der Technischen Hochschule Rosenheim wurde mit dem „Labor für hybride Gruppenarbeit“ ein innovativer Lehr-Experimentierraum geschaffen, der physische und virtuelle Lernumgebungen zu einer „Neuen Präsenz“ verbindet. Teams aus vor Ort anwesenden und online teilnehmenden Studierenden arbeiten synchron und interaktiv zusammen. Digitale Whiteboards, Kameras und hochwertige Audiotechnik ermöglichen weitestgehend gleichwertige Interaktionen. Spezielle Aufgabenstellungen fördern dabei ein konstruktives Lernen sowie Schlüsselkompetenzen wie Teamarbeit und technologische Fähigkeiten. Die Lernumgebung wurde durch Befragungen und Unterrichtsbeobachtungen evaluiert und mithilfe des ICAP-Frameworks analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass passives Lernen minimiert und interaktive Prozesse durch audiovisuelle Kommunikationskanäle gefördert werden. Der Beitrag illustriert, wie hybride Lernräume eine inklusive und zukunftsorientierte Hochschulbildung unterstützen können. KW - Hybride Lernumgebung KW - Blended Learning KW - Aktivierende Lehrmethoden KW - ICAP-Framework KW - Digitale Hochschulbildung Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63592 N1 - von der Lizenz ausgenommen: Logos, Markenzeichen sowie Abbildung 2 ("Blick [...] auf einen Gruppentisch (rechts)") SP - 106 EP - 114 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krapf, Regula A1 - Heldt, Victoria Krystin ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Das eLearning-Praktikum: Mathematiklehramtsstudierende gestalten die Lehre von morgen T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Seit dem Sommersemester 2022 wird an der Universität Bonn das Modul „eLearning-Praktikum“ für Mathematiklehramtsstudierende angeboten. In diesem Modul lernen die Teilnehmenden, mithilfe von digitalen Tools eigenständig Lernmaterialien für die Hochschullehre zu entwickeln. Sie experimentieren mit verschiedenen Videoformaten wie Lightboardvideos, Screencasts und Animationsvideos, setzen die Software h5p für interaktive Inhalte ein, gestalten Online-Tests mit STACK-Aufgaben und entwerfen digitale Lernmodule. Diese Materialien werden im Rahmen eines Peer Review überarbeitet und anschließend in der Lehre eingesetzt. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Ziele, die Rahmenbedingungen und die Umsetzung des eLearning-Praktikums anhand eines Best-Practice-Beispiels. Darüber hinaus werden Ergebnisse einer Befragung der Teilnehmenden vorgestellt, die Einblicke in deren Einstellungen und Lernergebnisse bieten. KW - Praktikum KW - interaktive Videos KW - eLearning KW - Mathematik KW - Lernen durch Lehren Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63775 N1 - ausgenommen von der Lizenz: Markenzeichen SP - 178 EP - 185 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Glondys, Manuel A1 - Zauner, Amelie ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Didaktische Impulse durch Instructional Design für zukünftige Lehr- und Lernräume T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Dieser Beitrag behandelt das in der deutschen Hochschullandschaft relativ neue Berufsfeld des Instructional Designs, einem lern- und kognitionspsychologisch orientierten Ansatz, der auf eine optimale Erstellung von Lehr- und Lernräumen abzielt und eine wertvolle Ressource für den MINT-Bereich sein kann. Neben einer Darstellung der Genese dieses Berufszweigs wird auch aufgezeigt, warum das Instructional Design in einer hochtechnologisierten Hochschullandschaft immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnt. Um dieses Konzept an bayerischen Hochschulen zu etablieren, fördert die Virtuelle Hochschule Bayern (vhb) im Rahmen des Pilotprojekts „Instructional Designer@vhb” 20 Stellen, die durch ihre Expertise und Know-how die Lehrenden bei der Erstellung virtueller Lehr- und Lernräume innerhalb der Förderlinien der vhb unterstützen und beraten sollen. KW - Instructional Design KW - MINT Lehr-Lernräume KW - Virtuelle Hochschule Bayern Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63548 SP - 65 EP - 71 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schlagowski, Ruben A1 - Herget, Frederick A1 - Heimerl, Niklas A1 - Hammerl, Maximilian A1 - Huber, Tobias A1 - Zwolsky, Pamina A1 - Gruca, Jan A1 - André, Elisabeth ED - Smith, Gillian ED - Whitehead, Jim ED - Samuel, Ben ED - Spiel, Katta ED - van Rozen, Riemer T1 - From a Social POV: The Impact of Point of View on Player Behavior, Engagement, and Experience in a Serious Social Simulation Game T2 - Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, FDG 2024 N2 - Multiplayer games with social aspects vary widely regarding client design, e.g., point of view or camera perspective. While design paradigms usually arise from gold standards that are set by previously successful games in the industry, the impact of such paradigms is under-researched for games that serve as scientific instruments, e.g., to research social behavior. Intending to investigate how such games should be designed, we built two multiplayer clients with the same game logic, one using a first-person point of view, while the other includes a top-down camera perspective. Then, we conducted an online user study in which players tested these game clients in extensive multiplayer sessions. Analyzing speech time, in-game logs, questionnaires, and qualitative feedback, we look at the perspectives’ impact on player behavior, engagement, and game experience in a scientific or "serious games" context. In addition, we have made our designed game UNISON and both clients available as open source to facilitate future empirical social science research. UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3649921.3649936 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3649921.3649936 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65451 SN - 979-8-4007-0955-5 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Salay, Rick A1 - Czarnecki, Krzysztof A1 - Alvarez, Ignacio A1 - Elli, Maria A1 - Sedwards, Sean A1 - Weast, Jack ED - Espinoza, Huáscar ED - Hernández-Orallo, José ED - Chen, Xin Cynthia ED - ÓhÉigeartaigh, Seán S. ED - Huang, Xiaowei ED - Castillo-Effen, Mauricio ED - Mallah, Richard ED - McDermid, John T1 - PURSS: Towards Perceptual Uncertainty Aware Responsibility Sensitive Safety with ML T2 - Proceedings of the Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Safety (SafeAI 2020), co-located with 34th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2020) N2 - Automated driving is an ML-intensive problem and its safety depends on the integrity of perception as well as planning and control. Responsibility Sensitive Safety (RSS) is a recent approach to promote safe planning and control that relies on perfect perception; however, perceptual uncertainty is always present, and this causes the possibility of misperceptions that can lead an autonomous vehicle to allow unsafe actions. In this position paper, we sketch a novel proposal for a formal model of perception coupled with RSS to help mitigate the impact of misperception by using information about perceptual uncertainty. The approach expresses uncertainty as imprecise perceptions that are consumed by RSS and cause it to limit actions to those that support safe behaviour given the perceptual uncertainty. We illustrate our approach using examples and discuss its implications and limitations. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2560/ UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65390 SP - 91 EP - 95 PB - RWTH Aachen CY - Aachen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haryanto, Aditya A1 - Vaculin, Ondrej T1 - YoFlow Method for Scenario Based Automatic Accident Detection JF - IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems N2 - Recent advances in sensor and computing technologies have enabled road side units (RSUs) to not only monitor traffic flow but also process data in real time to improve road safety. However, leveraging RSUs for proactive accident detection remains a challenging and underexplored task, partly due to the lack of diverse accident data. To address this, this study proposes two key contributions: (i) a scenario-based synthetic data generation framework, and (ii) YoFlow, a novel system for vehicle-tovehicle accident detection from a simulated RSU camera perspective. The proposed framework leverages the PEGASUS method for scenario generation strategy and BeamNG.tech for generating synthetic traffic videos. This approach led to the development of the SB-SIF dataset, which includes five representative intersection crash scenarios derived from German accident data. The SB-SIF dataset contains 914 crash videos, 123 near-miss events, and 924 normal traffic instances and is publicly available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15267252. The proposed YoFlow system identifies accidents by analyzing temporal variations in vehicle speed vectors, using YOLO for vehicle classification and CUDA-accelerated dense optical flow to capture abrupt motion changes. The extracted features are processed and classified using an XGBoost model, achieving 94% recall and 90% precision in accident detection. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/OJITS.2025.3639557 KW - accident detection KW - traffic accident KW - surveillance camera KW - optical flow KW - traffic scenarios Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/OJITS.2025.3639557 SN - 2687-7813 VL - 7 SP - 61 EP - 73 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kolios, Alexandros A1 - Goh, Wei Jiah A1 - Ahmed, Awais T1 - Analysis and forecasting of financial risks of German enterprises in the context of unpredictable price dynamics of energy resources T2 - Culegere de articole: Conferinţa știinţifică internaţională, "Paradigme moderne în dezvoltarea economiei naţionale şi mondiale" N2 - The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that at present in Germany there is an unpredictable price dynamics of energy resources, changes in interest rates, the dynamics of the euro exchange rate, and is also due to such factors as the instability of the political situation and the changing principles of state influence in the financial sector. Purpose of the work: to study the economic impact of financial risk on the German financial system, to explore methods for measuring, identifying and managing financial risks at the company level. Research methodology: In the course of the study, such modern methods of studying economic phenomena and processes as a dialectical approach, system analysis, formal logic, statistical research techniques were used. UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7543630 Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7543630 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65332 SN - 978-9975-62-488-6 SP - 133 EP - 136 PB - CEP USM CY - Chișinău ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehta, Kedar A1 - Lwakatare, Bertha A1 - Zörner, Wilfried A1 - Ehrenwirth, Mathias T1 - Mini-grid performance in Sub-Saharan Africa: case studies from Tsumkwe and Gam, Namibia JF - Sustainable Energy Research N2 - This paper investigates the performance analysis and operational challenges of mini-grids in Sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the Tsumkwe and Gam mini-grids, the only officially recognized mini-grids in Namibia. The study addresses a critical gap in understanding mini-grid efficiency, technical difficulties, and future potential. The key research questions focus on assessing mini-grid performance, identifying technical and operational challenges, quantifying the relationship between electricity demand and supply, and providing recommendations for enhancing rural electrification through mini-grids. These insights are crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of mini-grids in the African context and understanding their role in advancing rural electrification. By using a mixed-method approach, the research combines quantitative and qualitative data to offer a comprehensive analysis of these two mini-grid systems of Namibia. The data collected from 2017 to 2022 include metrics on energy supply, consumption, photovoltaic generation, community load, and meteorological conditions. Qualitative insights were gathered through field visits, surveys, and interviews with mini-grid operators, allowing for a thorough examination of community perspectives, operational issues, and technical performance. The findings reveal that the Tsumkwe mini-grid has seen a decline in efficiency due to maintenance problems and battery overheating, while the Gam mini-grid, initially oversized, now struggles with increased demand and new connections. This study provides the first detailed technical insights, identifies consumer archetypes, and evaluates the energy dynamics of mini-grids in Namibia. Recommendations include improved maintenance protocols, advanced battery management, and enhanced data monitoring. By analyzing Tsumkwe and Gam, this paper offers valuable lessons for mini-grid development in Sub-Saharan Africa, stressing the need for continuous evaluation and strategic improvements to achieve sustainable rural electrification. UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40807-025-00174-y Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40807-025-00174-y UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65316 SN - 2731-9237 VL - 12 IS - 1 PB - SpringerOpen CY - Singapore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehta, Kedar A1 - Jain, Rushabh Bansilal A1 - Zörner, Wilfried T1 - Agrivoltaics Around the World: Potential, Technology, Crops and Policies to Address the Energy–Agriculture Nexus for Sustainable and Climate-Resilient Land Use JF - Energies N2 - The urgent pursuit of climate-resilient agriculture and clean energy systems, central to the Energy–Agriculture Nexus and the UN Sustainable Development Goals, has accelerated global interest in agrivoltaic (Agri-PV) technologies. This paper presents a global systematic review and meta-analysis of 160 peer-reviewed studies, structured through a five-stage thematic synthesis: (1) mapping global and regional Agri-PV deployment and potential, (2) analyzing system design and modeling methodologies, (3) evaluating crop suitability under partial shading, (4) reviewing enabling policies and regulatory frameworks, and (5) assessing techno-economic feasibility and investment barriers. Results reveal that Europe and Asia lead Agri-PV development, driven by incentive-based policies and national tenders, while limited regulatory clarity and high capital costs constrain wider adoption. Despite technological progress, no integrated model fully captures the coupled energy, water, and crop dynamics essential for holistic assessment. Strengthening economic valuation, policy coherence, and standardized modeling approaches will be critical to scale Agri-PV systems as a cornerstone of sustainable and climate-resilient land use. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en18246417 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/en18246417 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65288 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 18 IS - 24 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meintrup, David A1 - Singer, Peter T1 - A Friendly Guide to the Real Exponential Function JF - The American Mathematical Monthly N2 - We propose an elementary introduction to the real exponential function of Leonhard Euler that combines ideas of Felix Klein and Adolf Hurwitz and uses an approximation of the primitive of the hyperbola. In this way, we can avoid the difficulties of common approaches yet still obtain classical results. UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/00029890.2025.2554556 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/00029890.2025.2554556 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65107 SN - 1930-0972 VL - 132 IS - 10 SP - 1043 EP - 1047 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwan, Hannes A1 - Mohan, Nihesh A1 - Schmid, Maximilian A1 - Saha, Rocky Kumar A1 - Klassen, Holger A1 - Müller, Klaus A1 - Elger, Gordon T1 - Sintering for High Power Optoelectronic Devices JF - Micromachines N2 - Residual-free eutectic Au80Sn20 soldering is still the dominant assembly technology for optoelectronic devices such as high-power lasers, LEDs, and photodiodes. Due to the high cost of gold, alternatives are desirable. This paper investigates the thermal performance of copper-based sintering for optoelectronic submodules on first and second level to obtain thermally efficient thin bondlines. Sintered interconnects obtained by a new particle-free copper ink, based on complexed copper salt, are compared with copper flake and silver nanoparticle sintered interconnects and benchmarked against AuSn solder interconnects. The copper ink is dispensed and predried at 130 °C to facilitate in situ generation of Cu nanoparticles by thermal decomposition of the metal salt before sintering. Submounts are then sintered at 275 °C for 15 min under nitrogen with 30 MPa pressure, forming uniform 2–5 µm copper layers achieving shear strengths above 31 MPa. Unpackaged LEDs are bonded on first level using the copper ink but applying only 10 MPa to avoid damaging the semiconductor dies. Thermal performance is evaluated via transient thermal analysis. Results show that copper ink interfaces approach the performance of thin AuSn joints and match silver interconnects at second level. However, at first level, AuSn and sintered interconnects of commercial silver and copper pastes remained superior due to the relative inhomogeneous thickness of the thin Cu copper layer after predrying, requiring higher bonding pressure to equalize surface inhomogeneities. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16101164 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16101164 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64984 SN - 2072-666X VL - 16 IS - 10 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - THES A1 - Bilal, Mühenad T1 - Entwicklung eines reflexionsmindernden Bildgebungsverfahrens mit homogener Ausleuchtung und konvolutionalen neuronalen Netzen zur Verschleißerkennung und Klassifizierung komplexer, spiegelnder Zerspanungswerkzeuge N2 - Im Zuge der Digitalisierung stehen Unternehmen, insbesondere Klein- und Mittelständische Unternehmen (KMUs), bei der Etablierung von Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) in industriellen Fertigungsprozessen zunehmend vor großen Herausforderungen. Im letzten Jahrhundert hat die klassische Automatisierung in der Fertigung maßgeblich zur Produktivitätssteigerung und damit auch zur Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Unternehmen beigetragen. Die Entwicklung und Etablierung von KIgestützter Automatisierung in Unternehmen stellen die nächste Stufe der Produktivitätssteigerung dar und werden die bisherige regelbasierte, klassische Automatisierung zunehmend ablösen. Der Bedarf nach KI-gestützter Automatisierung in der Zerspanungsindustrie, insbesondere in den Bereichen der Werkzeugfertigung und -instandsetzung, gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Das liegt an den steigenden Kundenanforderungen und am demografischen Wandel, aber auch am Fachkräftemangel, an kostenintensiven Messverfahren sowie an zeit- und ressourcenaufwendigen Schulungen, die zur Bedienung komplexer Messverfahren relevant sind. Das stellt eine Gefahr für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der KMUs dar. Klassische Messverfahren wie die Fokusvariation oder triangulationsbasierte Messtechniken liefern zwar eine hohe Genauigkeit, sind jedoch mit erheblichem Zeit- und Kostenaufwand verbunden. Daher eignen sie sich nur bedingt für den Serieneinsatz in der Qualitätskontrolle, insbesondere bei der Vermessung von Schneidwerkzeugen im Rahmen stichprobenbasierter Prüfungen. Um diese Herausforderungen entgegenzuwirken, wurde im Rahmen dieser Dissertation ein vollständiges KI-gestütztes System zur automatisierten Werkzeuginspektion und -Klassifizierung entwickelt und fundierte Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)-basierte Forschung betrieben. Eine der zentralen Kerninnovationen dieser Arbeit liegt in der Entwicklung einer werkzeugspezifischen Lichtquelle, die gezielt auf die optischen Eigenschaften der zylindrischen Schneidwerkzeuge wie Schaftfräser abgestimmt ist und neue Möglichkeiten in der bildbasierten Qualitätskontrolle von glänzenden Oberflächen eröffnet. Die dabei erzeugten hochauflösenden Aufnahmen zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Tiefenschärfe, Farbtreue und gleichmäßige Ausleuchtung aus und ermöglichen eine zuverlässige Verschleißanalyse. Um die Funktionalität dieses neuen Bildgebungsverfahrens zu demonstrieren, wurde zunächst mit regelbasierten Verfahren wie adaptiver Schwellenwertbildung ein Verschleißdetektionsalgorithmus entwickelt und in Gegenüberstellung mit standardisierten Bildaufnahmen aus der Fertigung erforscht. Die ersten vielversprechenden Ergebnisse führten zur Anwendung bestehender Architekturen wie Mask Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN). Diese wurden für die Lokalisierung und Detektion von Verschleiß anhand weniger Bilder genutzt. Außerdem wurde ein CNN-basiertes Verfahren für die semantische Segmentierung entwickelt, das in der Lage ist, normalen und abnormalen Verschleiß an hochreflektierenden Schaftfräsern mit komplexen Freiformflächen zu detektieren und mit hoher Genauigkeit trennscharf voneinander zu unterscheiden. Bei der semantischen Segmentierung wurden unterschiedliche Ansätze für die Modelloptimierung verfolgt, darunter Variationen der Ankerboxen und des Intersection over Union (IoU)-Schwellenwerts bei Mask R-CNN, um die bestmögliche Modellperformance zu erhalten. Weitere CNN-basierte Ansätze folgten. Hierbei wurden bewährte Architekturen wie U-Net Architecture (UNet) für die Verschleißdetektion modifiziert, aber auch eine kompakte, dimensionsreduzierte Form entwickelt, um normalen von abnormalem Verschleiß mit hoher Genauigkeit zu detektieren und Aussagen über das Verschleißverhalten zu treffen. Dabei wurden unterschiedliche Regularisierungstechniken und Hyperparameteroptimierung angewandt, um die beste Modellleistung an zwei unterschiedlichen hochreflektierenden Werkzeugtypen zu erreichen. Es wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit auch die State of the Art (SOTA) CNNs-Architekturen für die Klassifizierung von Werkzeugen erforscht. Hierbei wurde die Auswirkung unterschiedlicher Beleuchtungsbedingungen, der Bildqualität sowie der unterschiedlichen Trainingsstrategien untersucht, um die am besten geeignete Architektur und Trainingsstrategie für eine KI-basierte Werkzeugklassifizierung zu identifizieren. N2 - In the context of digitalization, companies, especially Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs), are increasingly facing major challenges in establishing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in industrial manufacturing processes. In the last century, classic automation in manufacturing contributed significantly to productivity increases and thus also to the competitiveness of companies. Developing and establishing AI-supported automation in companies represents the next stage of increasing productivity and will increasingly replace the existing rule-based, classic automation. Developing and setting up AI-based automation in companies is the next step in boosting productivity and will gradually replace the traditional rule-based automation we’ve seen so far. There’s a growing need for AI-based automation in the machining industry, especially in tool manufacturing and restoration. This is because of increasing customer demands and demographic change, but also because of a shortage of skilled workers, costly measurement methods, and time-consuming and resource-intensive training that’s needed to use complex measurement methods. The classic measurement methods such as focus variation or triangulation-based measurement techniques provide high accuracy, but they are associated with considerable time and cost. Therefore, they are only suitable for limited use in quality control, especially when measuring cutting tools in sample-based tests. The AI-based measurement method is a promising alternative to traditional measurement methods. To address these challenges, a complete AI-based system for automated tool inspection and classification was developed as part of this dissertation, and in-depth research based on CNNs was carried out. One of the central core innovations of this work lies in the development of a tool-specific light source that is specifically tuned to the optical properties of cylindrical cutting tools such as end mills, opening up new possibilities in image-based quality control of shiny surfaces. High-resolution images generated in this way are characterized by high depth of field, color fidelity, and uniform illumination, enabling reliable wear analysis. To demonstrate the functionality of this new imaging method, a wear detection algorithm was first developed using rule-based methods such as adaptive thresholding and researched in comparison with standardized images from production. The first promising results led to the implementation of existing architectures such as Mask R-CNN. These were used to localize and detect wear based on a small number of images. In addition, a CNN-based method for semantic segmentation was developed that is capable of detecting normal and abnormal wear on highly reflective end mills with complex free-form surfaces and distinguishing between them with high accuracy. In semantic segmentation, different approaches were pursued for model optimization, including variations of anchor boxes and the IoU threshold in Mask R-CNN, in order to achieve the best possible model performance. Further CNN-based approaches followed. Here, proven architectures such as UNet were modified for wear detection, but a compact, reduced-dimension form was also developed to detect normal and abnormal wear with high accuracy and to make statements about wear behavior. Different regularization techniques and hyperparameter optimization were applied to achieve the best model performance on two different highly reflective tool types. As part of this work, SOTA CNNs architectures for tool classification were also investigated. The effect of different lighting conditions, image quality, and different training strategies was studied to identify the most suitable architecture and training strategy for AI-based tool classification. In semantic segmentation, different approaches were pursued for model optimization, including variations of anchor boxes and the intersection-over-union (IoU) threshold in Mask-R-CNN, in order to achieve the best possible model performance. Further CNN-based approaches followed. Here, proven architectures such as U-Net4 were modified for wear detection, but a compact, reduceddimension form was also developed to detect normal and abnormal wear with high accuracy and to make statements about wear behavior. Different regularization techniques and hyperparameter optimization were applied to achieve the best model performance on two different highly reflective tool types. As part of this work, state-of-the-art (SOTA) convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures for tool classification were also investigated. The effect of different lighting conditions, image quality, and different training strategies was studied to identify the most suitable architecture and training strategy for AI-based tool classification. Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64997 PB - Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt CY - Ingolstadt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mulic, Andrei A1 - Cepraga, Marcel A1 - Gavlitchii, Daniil T1 - Aplicarea inovațiilor în optimizarea gestiunii investițiilor la nivelul micro și macroeconomic T2 - Culegere de articole: Conferinţa știinţifică internaţională, "Paradigme moderne în dezvoltarea economiei naţionale şi mondiale" N2 - Actuality of the research topic is conditioned by the importance of investment management in the financial management of economic entities. Maintaining the dominant positions in the top of the best performing enterprises at national and international level can be achieved by applying innovations in improving investment management. The research topic aims are to define the models and principles of directing existing investments in world theory and practice and to implement innovations in investment management at the micro-economic level. The purpose and objectives of the research are to the concept of investment and their classification as well as to study the world practice of training and management of portfolio and capital investments. Determine the particularities of the formation of the optimal portfolio structure, the cost-effectiveness-risk relationship and the method of combating the risk of an investment portfolio. And applying innovations in solving the problems of training, management and combating investment risk. In order to achieve the purpose and objectives of the research, the methods of analysis and research that we have used: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, observation, generalization, the complex and systemic methodological approach of contemporary economic concepts. An important contribution was made by the experts Ulrike B. And Radeke J. From the German Economic team Moldova and the economists from Expert Group, who served as guidance and guidance point throughout the entire study, having at their core essential works that contributed enormously to the consolidation of the research level of that work. The results of the research would allow the identification and understanding of the functioning of a system of training and application of innovations in the process of improvement of the investment management of enterprises in the Republic of Moldova. T2 - Application of innovations in improving investment management at the micro-economic level UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7543601 Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7543601 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64918 SN - 978-9975-62-488-6 SP - 129 EP - 132 PB - CEP USM CY - Chișinău ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zippelius, Andreas A1 - Mohd, Zubair Akhtar A1 - Schmid, Maximilian A1 - Elger, Gordon T1 - Comparison of different Input data for the prediction of LED solder joints using Artificial Neural Networks JF - IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability N2 - Scarcity of raw data is a major issue for applying data driven methods to reliability prediction, so making the best use of what is available is critical. This paper studies how different aspects of measurement data can be used best. Specifically, the reliability of the solder joint of LED packages is predicted based on Transient Thermal Analysis and Scanning Acoustic Microscopy data from a large measurement campaign. The impact of using full temporal information vs measurements at individual datapoints is investigated as well as the benefit of including the SAM data, and different ways of presenting the TTA information, either as a full curve or as expert-selected features. The impact of formatting categorical information of solder and LED package type as one-hot encoding or using embeddings is considered. Finally, the performance for Pass/Fail predictions of the best identified model with a model architecture developed on a similar dataset is compared. We identified the most relevant sources of information for predicting the behavior and the best format for the data, which helps guide the choice for future model architectures. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TDMR.2025.3633876 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TDMR.2025.3633876 SN - 1558-2574 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - von Zadow, Ulrich A1 - Kiesler, Natalie ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Inverted Classroom in der Einführungsveranstaltung Programmierung T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Die Lehrveranstaltung Programmierung für Informatik-Studierende wurde an der TH Nürnberg, wie an vielen Hochschulen, bisher als klassische Vorlesungs-Übungs-Kombination realisiert. Nach einer hohen Durchfallquote im Wintersemester 2023/24 wurde im Wintersemester 2024/25 für eine Kohorte ein experimentelles, auf dem Inverted Classroom-Ansatz basierendes Lehrkonzept implementiert. Hierbei bereiten sich die Studierenden durch Literaturarbeit auf die Veranstaltungen vor, in denen vorwiegend aktivierende Lehr-/Lernformen genutzt werden. Die Veranstaltung wurde durch eine Reihe von Datenerhebungen (Teaching Analysis Poll, zwei Umfragen, Lehrtagebuch) begleitet, um das Lernverhalten der Studierenden, beobachtbare Hürden, und Good Practices für zukünftige Veranstaltungen abzuleiten. Das Konzept wurde insgesamt positiv bewertet, wobei sich auch viele Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten im Detail abzeichneten. Im Artikel dokumentieren wir die Ergebnisse der Erhebungen und diskutieren die Implikationen. KW - Flipped Classroom KW - Einführungsveranstaltungen KW - Programmierung KW - Informatik Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63555 N1 - ausgenommen von der Lizenz: Logos SP - 74 EP - 84 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Curdes, Beate ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Studierende, Lehrende, Third Space - durch ein TAP eine Lehrveranstaltung gemeinsam verbessern T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Wenn Lehrende eine Lehrveranstaltung didaktisch-methodisch umgestalten, sind sie an einem zeitnahen Feedback ihrer Studierenden interessiert, um auf Schwierigkeiten noch im laufenden Semester reagieren zu können. Die qualitative Evaluationsmethode Teaching Analysis Poll (TAP) bietet Lehrenden und Studierenden die Möglichkeit, in einer konkreten Lehrveranstaltung in einen Austausch auf Augenhöhe über die Lernprozesse zu treten. Unterstützung erhalten sie dabei durch die TAP-Moderation, d. h. durch geschulte Mitarbeitende aus dem Third Space, die den Prozess begleiten. Die Beteiligten profitieren von einem TAP auf unterschiedliche Weise. An der Universität Oldenburg (UOL) konnten in mehreren TAPs Erkenntnisse zum Einsatz aktivierender und partizipativer Lehrmethoden gewonnen werden, etwa zu Problemen in der Kommunikation und Transparenz in Bezug auf die Prüfungsleistung, die in die Konzeption von MINT-spezifischen hochschuldidaktischen Weiterbildungsangeboten einfließen werden. KW - Teaching Analysis Poll KW - qualitative Lehrevaluation KW - Hochschuldidaktik Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63561 SP - 85 EP - 90 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rudner, Michael ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Szenarien zur Nutzung von Screencasts in der Lehre und im selbstbestimmten Lernen - Beispiel GIS T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - An der HSWT wird seit einiger Zeit im Kreis der GIS (Geo-Informationssystem) -Dozierenden aller Fakultäten diskutiert, wie Lehrmaterialien gemeinsam genutzt werden können. Mit der anstehenden Überarbeitung der Screencasts für GIS-Übungen im Studienschwerpunkt Umwelt- und Naturschutzplanung, wurde das Konzept überdacht und unter Berücksichtigung mediendidaktischer Erkenntnisse eine Reihe kürzerer Screencast für einzelne Aufgaben, statt für gesamte Übungen entwickelt. Diese Lernmaterialien werden neben einer Flipped Classroom-Übung auch in anderen Lehrveranstaltungen und für selbstbestimmtes Lernen eingesetzt. Hier werden fünf verschiedene Szenarien, die sich nach Art der Einbindung und der Zielgruppe unterscheiden, vorgestellt und kritisch beleuchtet. Es zeigt sich, dass eine gute Einbindung in den Kontext der Lehrveranstaltung wesentlich ist für die erfolgreiche Nutzung. Wesentlich ist es, die Motivation für erfolgreiches Selbstlernen durch begleitende Formate zu stärken. KW - screencast KW - moodle KW - GIS KW - flipped classroom Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63583 SP - 99 EP - 105 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weinmann, Michael A1 - Dechant-Herrera, Katja A1 - Altieri, Mike ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - "Wer braucht denn sowas?" - Erkenntnisse aus einem Jahr "Learning Hall" T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - MINT-Fächer sind in hohem Maße von der Digitalisierung betroffen und stellen besondere Anforderungen an die Lehre und das Lernen. Dabei ist die Verwendung digitaler Medien und Werkzeuge ein wesentlicher Faktor, der geeignete, daran angepasste Lernumgebungen erfordert. Im Projekt IdeaL (Innovationsnetzwerk für digitale adaptive Lehre) der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Amberg-Weiden wird der Einsatz mobiler Möblierung für studentische Lernräume erprobt. Hierfür wurde die „Learning Hall“ (LH) realisiert, die allen Lernenden am Standort Amberg als offener Lernort zur Verfügung steht. Der Raum wurde bezüglich der Ausstattung und des Nutzungsverhaltens evaluiert. Dabei zeigte sich die hohe Relevanz für mobiles und ergonomisches Lernen und Arbeiten für die Studierenden. Insgesamt konnte eine hohe Zufriedenheit mit der Ausstattung und Begeisterung für den Raum festgestellt werden. KW - offener Lernraum KW - mobiler PC-Pool KW - kollaboratives Arbeiten KW - digital gestütztes Lernen KW - Nutzungsverhalten Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63616 N1 - von der Lizenz ausgenommen: Abbildungen, Illustrationen, Bilder SP - 115 EP - 125 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kuladinithi, Koojana A1 - Makama, Aliyu A1 - Shudrenko, Yevhenii A1 - Simon, Siska A1 - Ahmed, Musab A1 - Algarra, Teresa A1 - Wanniarachchi, Shashini A1 - Timm-Giel, Andreas ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Designing Problem-based Learning Cases to Foster Student Engagement in STEM T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - We all recognize the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) in engaging everyone and helping students develop critical thinking and teamwork skills. PBL was developed to make medicine students ready to work under real life conditions. Therefore, since the 50s there have been several cases for medicine scenarios being published. In the STEM field it is still not common to use this method, which is quite unfortunate. Therefore, we have chosen to share how we implement PBL to teach Communication Networks to master’s students. In this paper, we will present our experiences in designing new PBL cases, alongside feedback from our Center for Teaching and Learning (ZLL). These cases reflect current trends in key topics related to communication networks, our engagement strategies, and the student feedback we have received during the winter semester 2024/25. KW - PBL KW - engagement strategies KW - teamwork KW - communication networks KW - international student groups Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63645 N1 - von der Lizenz ausgenommen: Tabellen, Abbildungen, Illustrationen, graphische Darstellungen SP - 135 EP - 144 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Singer, Christina ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Systems Engineering in der ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Lehre: Herausforderungen und Good Practices T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und ganzheitliches Denken sind essenziell, um drängende gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen wie den Klimawandel durch technische Innovationen zu bewältigen. Systems Engineering hat sich in der Industrie als bewährte Methodik zur Entwicklung komplexer mechatronischer Systeme etabliert und bietet auch für die ingenieurwissenschaftliche Lehre großes Potenzial. Am Beispiel des studentischen Projekts DriveOhm der TH Nürnberg wird gezeigt, wie Systems Engineering erfolgreich in die Lehre integriert werden kann. Studierende entwickeln mithilfe eines speziell ausgestatteten Modellfahrzeugs eigenständig Fahrerassistenzsysteme und wenden Methoden wie Requirements Engineering, Systemarchitekturentwicklung und Verifikation & Validierung an. Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert die erstmalige Umsetzung des Lehrkonzeptes, identifiziert Good Practices und diskutiert Herausforderungen dieses Ansatzes. KW - Systems Engineering KW - Problembasiertes Lernen KW - Fahrerassistenzsysteme KW - SysML KW - Modellbasierte Softwareentwicklung Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63670 SP - 145 EP - 152 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gatermann, Carsten Thomas A1 - Belz, Nadja Isabelle A1 - Westermann, Dirk A1 - Pabst, Reinhold ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Curriculumdesign für einen forschungsorientierten Energiesysteme-Master T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Dieser Artikel präsentiert die Struktur des innovativen Masterstudiengangs „Elektrische Energiesysteme“. Der Masterstudiengang ist in drei Säulen unterteilt: Innovation, Forschung und Ingenieurkurse. Diese Dreiteilung orientiert sich an den aktuellen Anforderungen der Elektroindustrie und bereitet die Absolvierenden optimal auf den Einstieg ins Berufsleben oder eine konsekutive Promotion vor. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den Innovationsmodulen, die sich der Scrum- und Design-Thinking-Methode bedienen. Der Einsatz von künstlicher Intelligenz wird als eine Weiterentwicklung des Studiengangs beschrieben und durch praktische Beispiele veranschaulicht. Feedback der Alumni sowie Potenziale zur Adaption von Konzepten des innovativen Masterstudiengangs runden den Beitrag ab. KW - Energiesystem KW - Innovation KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Masterstudium Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63690 N1 - ausgenommen von der Lizenz: Logos SP - 161 EP - 169 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eckert, Dimitri A1 - Kautz, Christian ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Entwicklung eines Tests zur Identifizierung von Fehlvorstellungen beim Lesen von Code T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Die Fähigkeit, Code zu verstehen, ist in der Informatik entscheidend, da sie einen wichtigen Teil der Programmierarbeit ausmacht. Studien belegen, dass sie essenziell für viele andere Programmierfähigkeiten ist. Besonders der Kontrollfluss, also die Reihenfolge der Befehlsausführung, bereitet oft Schwierigkeiten. Wir präsentieren hier die ersten Schritte zu einem Concept Inventory, das genutzt werden kann, um das Verständnis von Studierenden zu testen und Lehrmaßnahmen zu evaluieren. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen Herausforderungen bei der Abdeckung aller studentischer Fehlvorstellungen, aber auch die Validierungen einiger Testfragen, eine relativ breite Verteilung der Schwierigkeitslevel und hohe Diskriminierungs-Indizes der Testfragen. Einzelheiten zur Methodik und Auswertung können bei den Autoren erfragt werden. KW - Programmieren KW - Informatik KW - Concept Inventory KW - Kontrollfluss KW - Fehlvorstellungen Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63870 SP - 196 EP - 203 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fuhrmann, Tina A. A1 - Kautz, Christian ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Mehr als Formeln - Schwierigkeiten mit Differentialgleichungen erkennen und Verständnis vermitteln T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Differentialgleichungen sind von großer Bedeutung für viele MINT-Disziplinen. Studierende sollten deshalb, neben prozeduralem Wissen, ein konzeptionelles Verständnis dieser Gleichungen entwickeln. Dabei stoßen Studierende aber auf Schwierigkeiten. Lehrende sollten mit diesen vertraut sein, da ihre Kenntnis notwendige Grundlage für effektive Lehre ist. Die in diesem Beitrag aufgelisteten Schwierigkeiten wurden aus der Literatur zusammengetragen und durch semi-strukturierte Interviews ergänzt. Sie entstammen den Bereichen Vorwissen, Verständnis der Gleichung und Verständnis der Lösung. Aufbauend auf den Schwierigkeiten wurden zwei Tutorials als ergänzende Lehrmaterialien entwickelt. Anhand teilnehmender Beobachtungen wurden sie iterativ überarbeitet und ihre Wirksamkeit qualitativ nachgewiesen. Quantitativ geschah dieser Nachweis anhand eines Vor-Nachtest-Settings an deutschen Hochschulen. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Tutorials Studierenden helfen, typische Schwierigkeiten mit Differentialgleichungen zu überwinden. KW - Mathematik KW - Didaktik KW - Differentialgleichungen KW - Tutorials KW - aktivierende Lehre Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63896 N1 - ausgenommen von der Lizenz: Logos SP - 204 EP - 213 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pohl, Martin ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Modifikation des "Definition-Satz-Beweis"-Formats in einer Analysis-Lehrveranstaltung T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Studierende haben zu Beginn des Mathematikstudiums häufig Probleme beim Erlernen der mathematischen Arbeitsweise, bei der das Beweisen mathematischer Zusammenhänge im Vordergrund steht. Dieses erfolgt in zwei Schritten: Zunächst muss eine Beweisidee entwickelt werden. Im zweiten Schritt wird diese Idee zu einem logisch korrekten Beweis ausgearbeitet. In einer Lehrveranstaltung im traditionellen „Definition-Satz-Beweis“-Format werden nur die mathematischen Ergebnisse präsentiert, der Weg zur Entwicklung einer mathematischen Idee bleibt meist verborgen. Ich habe dieses traditionelle Format in einem Lerntext für Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) durch einige neue Elemente ergänzt, die den Unterschied zwischen dem Entstehen der mathematischen Ideen und den fertig formulierten Ergebnissen sichtbar machen. Neben dem Einsatz für JiTT können einige dieser Elemente auch in Präsenzveranstaltungen genutzt werden. Die Rückmeldungen der Studierenden zu diesen neuen Elementen sind sehr positiv. KW - „Definition-Satz-Beweis“-Format KW - Analysis KW - Lehrinnovationen KW - Just-in-Time Teaching Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64099 SP - 214 EP - 221 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Günther, Joachim A1 - Spagert, Lina ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Prüfungserfolg durch korrigierte Hausarbeiten? - Ein Experiment mit Mathematik-Studierenden T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Im Rahmen einer Studie wurde das Zusammenspiel von korrigierten Hausaufgaben und dem Prüfungserfolg in einem Mathematikkurs an der Hochschule München untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Studierende, die regelmäßig Hausaufgaben abgaben, nicht nur häufiger an der Prüfung teilnahmen, sondern auch eine geringere Durchfallquote aufwiesen und bessere Prüfungsergebnisse erzielten. Ergänzend zur Erfassung der eingereichten Hausaufgaben wurden zwei sozialwissenschaftliche Befragungen durchgeführt. Diese ergaben, dass Studierende, die regelmäßig Hausaufgaben einreichten, ihre Mathematikkenntnisse positiver einschätzten und weniger Angst hatten, im Studium aufgrund von Mathematik zu scheitern. Trotz gewisser Einschränkungen, wie Selbstselektion und einer geringen Stichprobengröße, deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass regelmäßige Hausaufgaben zur Verbesserung der Prüfungsergebnisse beitragen können KW - Hochschule KW - Mathematikkompetenzen KW - Hausarbeiten KW - Lernerfolg KW - Prüfungserfolg Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64100 SP - 222 EP - 229 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Giebermann, Klaus A1 - Chamieh, Imran ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Datengestützte Analyse studentischer Fehlermuster T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Viele Studierende der Ingenieurwissenschaften tun sich schwer, mathematische Aufgaben formal korrekt zu lösen. Ander Hochschule Ruhr West wurde daher das digitale Paper & Pencil-System entwickelt, das vollständige Lösungswege erfasst. Die Kombination aus handschriftlicher Eingabe und digitaler Auswertung eröffnet einen datengestützten Blick auf typische Denk- und Lösungsstrategien. Seit dem Wintersemester 2022/23 im Regelbetrieb, erlaubt das System nicht nur eine formative Rückmeldung, sondern auch die Auswertung studentischer Fehlermuster. Auf Basis von über 30.000 dokumentierten Fehlern, konnten häufige Fehlerquellen identifiziert und typisiert werden. Der Beitrag stellt zentrale Erkenntnisse aus der bisherigen Nutzung vor, beleuchtet das technische und didaktische Konzept und skizziert Perspektiven für eine KI-gestützte Weiterentwicklung. KW - digitales Paper-Pencil-System KW - mathematisches Lernen KW - Lernprozessdiagnostik KW - Fehlermuster KW - MathWeb Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64276 SP - 230 EP - 236 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Landenfeld, Karin A1 - Priebe, Jonas A1 - Gandraß, Niels ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Semesterbegleitendes Lernen und Prüfen mit digitalen Aufgaben in der Mathematik T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - In diesem Beitrag werden digitale Übungsaufgaben und digitale Prüfungen als ein zukunftsorientiertes Lehr-Lernszenario vorgestellt. Die Möglichkeiten digitaler Übungsaufgaben generell und im speziellen mit STACK (Sangwin, 2013) werden aufgezeigt und diskutiert. Insbesondere werden das Konzept und die Durchführung einer digitalen semesterbegleitenden Prüfung für die Ingenieur-Mathematik mit drei Komponenten im Sommersemester 2024 vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse sowie eine Befragung der Studierenden zu dieser Prüfungsform werden dargestellt und analysiert. KW - digitale Aufgaben KW - digitale Prüfungen KW - E-Assessment KW - Mathematik KW - STACK Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64284 SP - 237 EP - 245 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gierstl, Ludwig A1 - Zauner, Karima A1 - Kröseler, Pierre ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Digital Prüfen in den MINT-Fächern: Digitalisierte Leistungsbeurteilung mit dem Lernmanagementsystem Moodle T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Dieser Beitrag der Hochschule München stellt die verschiedenen digitalen Prüfungsformate vor, die durch das Lernmanagementsystem Moodle abgedeckt werden, und erläutert deren Einsatzmöglichkeiten in ausgewählten MINT-Fächern. Dabei werden vor allem die technischen Möglichkeiten des digitalen Prüfens mit Moodle dargestellt und mit Anwendungsbeispielen veranschaulicht. Darüber hinaus werden auch einige ausgewählte Aspekte der Bewertung digitaler Prüfungen in Moodle sowie deren rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen erörtert. KW - digitales Prüfen KW - Moodle KW - Kompetenzorientierung KW - Constructive Alignment Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64295 SP - 246 EP - 253 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wartenberg, Maylin A1 - von Marcard, Timo A1 - Heins, Pia A1 - Cheong, Ying Cheuk ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - KI zum Anfassen: Maschinelles Lernen mit LEGO® T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Maschinelles Lernen (ML) kann für Studierende anfangs schwer verständlich sein, da viele Konzepte abstrakt und theoretisch sind. Klassischer Frontalunterricht bietet dabei wenig Raum für aktives und intuitives Lernen. Interaktive Ansätze mit spielerischen und haptischen Elementen können helfen, das Verständnis zu erleichtern und das Interesse zu fördern. Um einen greifbaren Zugang zu ML zu schaffen, wurde ein LEGO®-gestützter Workshop entwickelt. Anhand physischer Modelle konnten zentrale ML-Methoden wie Klassifikation, Regression, Clustering und Anomalie-Detektion direkt ausprobiert werden. Im Sommersemester 2025 wurde der Workshop in drei Studiengängen als Einführung in verschiedenen Kursen eingesetzt. Er ermöglichte eine explorative Auseinandersetzung mit ML-Methoden und förderte kognitive sowie soziale Kompetenzen im gemeinsamen Problemlösen. Solche Ansätze könnten langfristig die Lehre ergänzen und den Einstieg in ML erleichtern. KW - Haptisches Lernen KW - Lego KW - Hands-On KW - Interaktive Lehre KW - Maschinelles Lernen Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64306 SP - 256 EP - 263 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Streck, Emilia A1 - Reinold, Luca A1 - Kröner, Alexander ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Erstellung guter Alternativtexte für blinde Studierende: Beobachtungen aus der Informatik T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Die Gestaltung von Lehrmaterialien, die blinden und sehenden Studierenden ein gleichwertiges Lernerlebnis bieten, ist in mehrerlei Hinsicht fordernd. Im Vordergrund dieses Artikels steht die Verschriftung nichtdekorativer Abbildungen für Blinde. Diese muss Anforderungen an die Textlänge, inhaltliche Korrektheit und Interaktion in Einklang bringen. Damit verbundene Herausforderungen werden anhand von Beispielen herausgearbeitet und in Hinweise für Lehrende überführt. Danach werden Einsatzmöglichkeiten für KI betrachtet, die von der automatischen Verschriftung bis hin zum Aufbrechen der für die Verschriftung notwendigen Linearisierung von Inhalten reichen. So soll der Bericht Lehrenden einen Eindruck der Möglichkeiten und Grenzen ausgewählter Vorgehensweisen und Werkzeuge vermitteln und ihnen damit informierte Entscheidungen zu einer Überarbeitung von Lehrmaterialien für Blinde ermöglichen. KW - Alternativtext KW - Barrierefreiheit KW - Lehre KW - KI KW - HAnS Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64317 SP - 264 EP - 271 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Junker, Elmar A1 - Sanewski, Anne A1 - Kraus, Nicole A1 - Schweser, Thomas A1 - Schmidt, Finn A1 - Kajtar, André A1 - Wellisch, Ulrich A1 - Deschle-Prill, Silke ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Predictive Learning Analytics generiert Lernfeedback: KI-Design, Herausforderungen, erste Ergebnisse T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Das Projekt FANTASTIC nutzt Learning Analytics, um Studierenden personalisiertes Feedback und Prognosen zum möglichen Prüfungserfolg zu geben, den Lernfortschritt zu fördern und Studienabbrüche zu reduzieren. Im Physikkurs für Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen werden KI-Modelle mit historischen Daten aus 6 Jahren trainiert. Indikatoren aus Vorwissen und Moodle-Aktivitäten fließen in erklärbare Prognosemodelle (Decision Tree, Logistische Regression) ein. Herausforderungen sind Datenaufbereitung und Merkmalsauswahl. Das mit Studierenden entwickelte Feedback-Design kombiniert motivierende E-Mails mit Peer-Coachings. Die E-Mails enthalten die KI-Prognose, individuelle Lernempfehlungen sowie Vergleichsdaten mit Kommilitonen und Hinweise auf Unterstützungsangebote. Etwa 95 % der Studierenden nutzen das Angebot. Im Vergleich zum Sommersemester 2023 (SS23) ohne Learning Analytics sinkt die Durchfallrate im SS24 mit hoher statistischer Signifikanz (p<0.001) von 34 % auf 20 %. Die Verarbeitung persönlicher Daten erfolgt mit Einwilligung und Datenschutzkonzept. KW - Learning Analytics KW - Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) KW - Coaching KW - Lernverhalten KW - Durchfallraten Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64328 N1 - von der Lizenz ausgenommen: Abbildungen, graphische Darstellungen, Illustrationen SP - 272 EP - 284 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krohn, Jessica A1 - Starke, Paula A1 - Becker, Evelyne ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Lehre in Virtual Reality - wie erreichen wir Veränderungen in der Hochschule? T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Neue Technologien bieten wertvolle Potenziale für die Entwicklung des Lehrens und Lernens in der Hochschule. Das Projekt Interaktive Lehre in virtuellen MINT-Laboren | MINT-VR-Labs möchte daher die Lehre der Berliner Hochschule für Technik (BHT) in MINT-Fächern mit virtueller Realität (VR) technisch und didaktisch ergänzen sowie erweitern. Dieser Artikel präsentiert Fortschritte und Hürden in der Einführung von neuen Technologien in der Hochschullehre – ein Veränderungsprozess, der mittels des ADKAR-Modells initiiert wurde. Im Verlauf des Projekts konnten engagierte Dozierende für die Entwicklung virtueller Lernanwendungen gewonnen und positive Rückmeldungen von Studierenden eingeholt werden. Das ADKAR-Modell erwies sich dabei als hilfreiches Instrument zur Steuerung des Wandels. Zugleich zeigte sich, dass eine nachhaltige Integration von VR eine enge Zusammenarbeit, kontinuierliche Evaluation sowie gezielte Fortbildungsmaßnahmen erfordert, um langfristige Veränderungen zu ermöglichen. KW - Virtual Reality KW - Hochschullehre KW - Change Management KW - MINT Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64340 N1 - ausgenommen von der Lizenz: Bilder, Illustrationen SP - 293 EP - 299 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Burk, Louis A1 - Wienkop, Uwe ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Dynamische Optimierung von VR-Lernumgebungen durch generative KI T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Die steigende Leistungsfähigkeit von Large Language Models (LLMs) eröffnet neue Wege für die automatisierte Erstellung virtueller Lernwelten. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir einen Ansatz vor, mit dem VR-Szenarien allein durch natürlichsprachliche Beschreibungen generiert und dynamisch an Lerninhalte angepasst werden können. Dabei setzt unser System auf Diffusionsmodelle und eine metasprachliche Strukturierung (MLDS), um Objekte und didaktische Elemente bedarfsgenau und konsistent anzuordnen. Erste Prototypen zeigen, dass sich dadurch VR-Lernumgebungen effizienter und flexibler erstellen lassen, was insbesondere für MINT-Fächer wertvolle Potenziale bietet. Lehrende können so Lernlabore virtuell nachbilden und im laufenden Kurs an geänderte Anforderungen anpassen, ohne umfangreiche 3D-Design-Kenntnisse zu benötigen. KW - Virtual Reality KW - Large Language Models KW - Domain Specific Language KW - Weltgenerierung Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64358 SP - 300 EP - 308 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - List, Corinna A1 - Wagner, Lena A1 - Prochaska, Angela A1 - Müller, Moritz A1 - Kipp, Michael ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Digitale Dynamik im Hörsaal: Wie die Campus App synchrone Lehre unterstützt T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Digitale Lehre erfolgt oft asynchron mit mehreren Plattformen und Tools, die unterschiedliche Bedienkonzepte aufweisen und teils nicht DSGVO-konform sind. Wir stellen eine selbst entwickelte Campus App vor, die digital und synchron im Hörsaal unterstützt. Sie bietet viele Alltagsfunktionen wie Stundenplan, Mensaplan und Notenansicht. Neu ist jedoch, dass die App Lehrende live durch eine Lehrveranstaltung begleitet und so den Interaktionsrahmen im Hörsaal in den digitalen Raum erweitert. Didaktische Szenarien wie Peer Instruction, Wissensabfragen und Gruppenaktivitäten (auch hybrid) werden gezielt unterstützt. Künftig soll die App auch komplexe Methoden wie Gruppenpuzzle und Infomarkt in Echtzeit begleiten, unterstützt durch Guides, Erinnerungen und Chats. Die App wurde am Didaktik-Medien-Zentrum der TH Augsburg entwickelt und wird von rund 4000 Studierenden und 120 Lehrenden genutzt. Erste Erfahrungen in Inverted-Classroom-Szenarien ergaben positives Feedback. KW - Campus App KW - synchrone Lehre KW - interaktive Lehrmethoden KW - digitale Hochschullehre KW - mobile Apps in der Lehre Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64371 SP - 315 EP - 322 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Esmaeili, Fariborz A1 - Frohnapfel, Katja A1 - Martin, Annette ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Sustainable Lab - Nachhaltigkeit in der praktischen MINT-Ausbildung verankern T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Nachhaltigkeitsentwicklung ist eine zentrale Aufgabe der Hochschullehre. Gerade in MINT-Studiengängen, in denen die Lehre häufig im Rahmen von Laborpraktika stattfindet, stellt dies eine besondere Herausforderung dar. So produzieren Labore aus dem Bereich der Lebenswissenschaften jährlich rund 5,5 Millionen Tonnen Plastikmüll und verbrauchen große Mengen Energie. Eine Umfrage unter Biotechnologie-Studierenden der Hochschule Ansbach ergab, dass nachhaltige Laborarbeit für sie zwar wichtig ist, sie sich jedoch konkrete Anleitung für ihre praktische Arbeit wünschen. Auf Basis dieser Ergebnisse wurde eine Lehreinheit entwickelt, die das Bewusstsein der Studierenden für Nachhaltigkeit im Labor schärft und konkrete Impulse für ressourcenschonendes Arbeiten gibt. Biotechnologie-Studierende einer ersten Testgruppe gewannen so wertvolle Anregungen für ihre Laborpraxis. KW - Nachhaltige Laborpraxis KW - Nachhaltigkeit in MINT- Fächern KW - nachhaltige Entwicklung in der Hochschullehre Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64393 SP - 323 EP - 330 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altieri, Mike A1 - Stollner, Christina A1 - Roll, Anika A1 - Hösl, Romy A1 - Murry, Gabriele A1 - Noel, Ruhul Amin ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Future Skills nachhaltig verankern T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Das Projekt „DigiKom“ hat ein Digitalisierungskolleg an der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Amberg-Weiden und Hochschule Ansbach etabliert, das sich auf die Erstellung von Selbstlerneinheiten (SLE) zu aktuellen Future Skills Themen konzentriert. Die Produktion der SLE erfolgt durch interdisziplinäre Studierendenteams aus verschiedenen MINT-bezogenen Studiengängen unter Begleitung von fachlichen und didaktischen Coaches. Die behandelten Themen basieren auf dem Future-Skills-Framework des Stifterverbandes und werden durch eine projektbegleitende empirische Untersuchung ergänzt. Anschließend werden die SLE in einem Online-Kurs zum Thema Future Skills gebündelt, der als Ressource für andere Studierende oder zur beruflichen Weiterbildung auch über den Projektzeitraum hinaus dienen kann. Die semesterbegleitende Evaluierung gewährleistet die Qualitätssicherung des Projekts und ermöglicht eine kontinuierliche Verbesserung des Lehrkonzepts der zugehörigen Lehrveranstaltung. KW - Future Skills KW - Digitalisierungskompetenzen KW - Selbstlerneinheiten KW - Didaktisches Mentoring KW - Digitalisierungskolleg Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64404 N1 - ausgenommen von der Lizenz: graphische Darstellungen, Illustrationen, Tabellen SP - 331 EP - 339 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gaisser, Sibylle A1 - Martin, Annette A1 - Vaidya, Haresh A1 - Moog, Mathias A1 - Knoblauch, Anke ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - MINT goes international - Herausforderungen der MINT-Lehre im Zuge der Internationalisierung T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Vor dem Hintergrund sinkender Studierendenzahlen und des Fachkräftemangels in den technischen Berufen in Deutschland, rekrutieren die Hochschulen in Bayern zunehmend Studierende aus dem Ausland. Dabei stoßen die angebotenen internationalen Studiengänge besonders bei Studierenden aus Indien auf großes Interesse. Andersartige Kompetenzprofile aus dem außereuropäischen Bachelorstudium in Kombination mit sehr hohen Erwartungen der Studierenden an ein Masterstudium in Deutschland führen zu enormen Herausforderungen bei allen Beteiligten. Förderlich für den erfolgreichen Studienverlauf ist es, Maßnahmen zur Gruppendurchmischung zwischen ausländischen und deutschen Studierenden wie internationale Postersessions und gemeinsame Studienangebote zu implementieren. Darüber hinaus ist es erforderlich, Regeln der guten wissenschaftlichen Praxis klar zu kommunizieren und deren Befolgung einzufordern. Nicht zuletzt ist die Stärkung der Sprachkompetenz ein Schlüssel für ein erfolgreiches Studium. KW - heterogene Gruppen KW - Selbstkompetenz KW - vernetztes Lernen KW - Sprachkompetenz KW - interkulturelle Kompetenz Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64416 SP - 340 EP - 349 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rouegui, Meryem A1 - Bellabair, Hind A1 - El Asli, Abdelghani A1 - Amar, Amine A1 - Zörner, Wilfried A1 - Rachidi, Fouad A1 - Lghoul, Rachid T1 - Bio-Methanization of Sheep Manure and Beet Waste in the Meknes–Fès Region, Morocco: Effects of Pretreatment and Machine Learning Applications for Biochemical Methane Potential Prediction JF - Recycling N2 - Sheep manure and beet waste (the uneatable leaf part of the beet) are promising feedstock for biogas production due to their abundance and organic richness. However, their high lignocellulosic content reduces anaerobic digestibility and controls methane yield. This study investigates the effect of various pretreatment strategies, namely physical, thermal, and combined physical–thermal methods, on the Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) of sheep manure and beet waste. Batch anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted under mesophilic conditions, with BMP values recorded for each treatment. The highest BMP for sheep manure, 125 Nml CH4/g VS, was achieved using combined physical and thermal pretreatment. This approach enhanced methane production by 16%, 25%, and 60% compared to physical pretreatment (PP) alone, thermal pretreatment (TP) alone, and no pretreatment, respectively, while the one BMP for beet waste is 80 Nml CH4/g VS and obtained with thermal pretreatment. To predict BMP outcomes, three machine learning approaches are applied, namely Linear Regression (LM), Random Forest Regression (RFR), and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), using digestion time (N days), total solids (Ts), volatile solids (Vs), pretreatment type, and biomass type. The variance analysis confirmed that the interaction between pretreatment and biomass type significantly improved model performance. While diagnostic checks revealed non-linear patterns limiting the linear model, ensemble methods achieved stronger results. The RFR model explained 79.5% of the variance with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of about 15.7, whereas the GBM model achieved the lowest RMSE of 5.05. GBM captures complex non-linear interactions. In addition, variable importance analyses identified digestion time, solid content, and pretreatment as the most influential factors for methane yield, with the combined chemical and physical pretreatment producing the highest biogas outputs. These findings underscore the potential of advanced machine learning models, particularly GBM (Gradient Boosting Machine), for optimizing anaerobic digestion strategies and maximizing biogas recovery from sheep manure and beet waste. UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling10060213 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling10060213 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64862 SN - 2313-4321 VL - 10 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Irawati, Diah Ayu A1 - Bolukbasi, Elif A1 - Riener, Andreas ED - Sorce, Salvatore ED - Elagroudy, Passant ED - Khamis, Mohamed T1 - Advancing Generative AI Collaboration in Design-to-Code Workflows: Insights from Two Empirical Studies T2 - Proceedings of MUM 2025: The 24th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia N2 - For expert users to accept Generative AI (GenAI) as a true collaborative partner, it must move beyond simple task-awareness to an understanding of their workflow’s underlying structural rules. This paper introduces a paradigm for AI collaborators that moves beyond simple task awareness to an understanding of the semantic and hierarchical relationships within a component-based system. We investigate this concept within the context of the design-to-code workflow, where inefficiencies arise from the modification of components within design systems. Through two empirical studies with designers and developers, we found that GenAI output was often rejected because it violated the component hierarchy. Designers required granular and visual control for refinements, whereas developers valued automated setup but required transparent validation of the generated code’s logic. Based on these findings, we contribute design guidelines for achieving Component-Structure Awareness (CSA), with two core principles: the Atomic Recommender, which provides assistance that respects the component hierarchy, and Communication Archetypes, which allow GenAI to adapt its interaction style to the user’s role and the atomic nature of their task. This work provides a new, higher-level concept for designing the next generation of truly collaborative GenAI agents. UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3771882.3771913 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3771882.3771913 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64848 SN - 979-8-4007-2015-4 SP - 33 EP - 46 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zinger, Benjamin ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Lehrentwicklung in den MINT-Fächern: Erfolgsfaktoren des Programms Lehrlabor³ T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - In diesem Artikel werden Erfolgsfaktoren des Programms Lehrlabor³ vorgestellt. Lehrlabor³ ist ein teambasiertes Lehrentwicklungsprogramm mit einer Laufzeit von acht Monaten, welches vom Forschungs- und Innovationslabor Digitale Lehre (FIDL) entwickelt und in Kooperation mit dem Bayerischen Zentrum für Innovative Lehre (BayZiel) durchgeführt wurde. In den ersten beiden Programmdurchläufen im Jahr 2023 und 2024 haben elf Hochschulteams mit hohem Engagement ihre Lehre weiterentwickelt. Die Ableitung von Erfolgsfaktoren soll dazu anregen, wirkungsvolle Strukturen für die Weiterentwicklung des hochschulischen Lehrens und Lernens zu schaffen – sowohl auf persönlicher wie auf institutioneller Ebene. Beantwortet wird damit die Frage, wie ein motivierendes Umfeld geschaffen werden kann, damit Lehrende gemeinsam mit Studierenden und weiteren Hochschulakteur:innen ihre Lehre kontinuierlich und engagiert weiterentwickeln können. KW - Hochschulbildung KW - Lehrentwicklung KW - Vernetzung KW - SoTL KW - Empamos Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64432 N1 - ausgenommen von der Lizenz: Bilder SP - 362 EP - 369 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Baumann, Timo A1 - Pohl, Martin A1 - Selgrad, Kai ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Einführung und erste Evaluation des Selbstlern-Konzepts CodeClinic an der OTH Regensburg T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Mit der CodeClinic wollen wir das Programmieren-Lernen – eine der großen Einstiegshürden in Informatik- und informatiknahen Studiengängen – in einen Prozess überführen, der das gemeinschaftliche Lernen in der Hochschullehre stärker als bisher in den Vordergrund rückt. Davon profitieren Studierende in ihrer fachlichen und persönlichen Entwicklung, und das Lernumfeld spiegelt die tatsächliche Realität der beruflichen Praxis besser wider. Wir unterstützen dieses Konzept durch einen für selbstgesteuertes und gemeinschaftliches Lernen ausgelegten SCALE-UP-Raum, den wir an der OTH Regensburg eingerichtet haben. In unserem Beitrag erläutern wir Konzept und Raum und liefern eine erste Evaluation zum Erfolg unserer Maßnahmen. KW - Programmieren KW - Lernen durch Lehren (LdL) KW - SCALE-UP KW - Studieneingangsphase KW - BayernMINT Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64448 SP - 370 EP - 378 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kausler, Bernhard A1 - Lukács, Bence ED - Dölling, Hanna ED - Schäfle, Claudia T1 - Projekt „WISE-Tech“ (Workshop-Initiative zur Förderung von Schüler*innen-Engagement in Technik) T2 - Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt? N2 - Das Projekt „WISE-Tech“ (Workshop-Initiative zur Förderung von Schüler*innen-Engagement in Technik) adressiert die Bildungslücke in der MINT-Förderung durch eine zukunftsorientierte Konzeption, die Schüler*innen für Technik begeistert und Theorie praxisnah erlebbar macht. Kernstück sind interaktive Technik-Workshops in Schulen, begleitet von Studierenden, die als „Technik-Coaches“ agieren. Diese Coaches werden durch ein Wahlpflichtfach an der Hochschule qualifiziert, welches neben technischen Inhalten (z. B. Robotik, Arduino) auch didaktische Kompetenzen vermittelt. Durch den geringen Altersabstand werden Vorbildbeziehungen geschaffen, die eine dynamische Lernumgebung fördern. WISE-Tech evaluiert die Wirksamkeit dieses Ansatzes, indem die Teilnehmenden Schüler*innen zu ihrem MINT-Interesse sowie der Wahrnehmung der Studierenden als Mentor*innen befragt werden. Die Ergebnisse tragen dazu bei, die MINT-Förderung in der Region nachhaltig zu stärken und dienen als Transfermodell für andere Bildungseinrichtungen. KW - MINT Förderung KW - Schulkooperation KW - Robotik KW - Didaktik Y1 - 2025 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64461 SP - 387 EP - 394 PB - BayZiel CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pandey, Amit A1 - Kühn, Stephan A1 - Weis, Alexander A1 - Wunderle, Bernhard A1 - Elger, Gordon T1 - Evaluating optical performance degradation of automotive cameras under accelerated aging JF - Optics and Lasers in Engineering N2 - Automotive cameras are subject to environmental stress, which degrades performance by reducing image sharpness. To qualify for automotive use and to ensure that the cameras maintain sharpness according to the hard requirements of end-of-line testing, cameras have to undergo standardized accelerated aging tests. These tests are performed to demonstrate reliability and functional safety over lifetime. Few studies have been published that demonstrate how aging contributes to the degradation of optical performance. This study addresses this gap by combining accelerated thermal aging with sharpness tracking to investigate degradation over time. To quantify sharpness degradation, six series-production cameras were subjected to accelerated thermal aging between −40◦𝐶 and +85◦𝐶. Each camera underwent 2000 aging cycles, equivalent to 80% of their lifetime based on the Coffin-Manson model of the LV124 standard. Sharpness was measured by calculating the Spatial Frequency Response (SFR) from images captured of a double-cross reticle projected by a virtual object generator with three illumination wavelengths (625nm, 520nm, and 470nm). The change in sharpness was evaluated with SFR50 and SFR at 60 line pairs per millimeter (SFR@60). During the first 250 cycles, a wear-in effect was observed, where sharpness increased before leveling off, as seen previously. The results also indicated a slow decline in sharpness showing long-term stability. Analysis indicated that before aging, the best focal plane was located closer to the focal position of the red wavelength, which lies furthest from the objective. By the end of the aging process, the best focal plane had shifted toward the focal position of the blue wavelength, which is located closer to the objective. This suggests a forward movement of the image sensor due to aging. Even after 2000 cycles, all cameras maintained an SFR@60 above 0.5. A Random Forest regression model was trained to predict the age based on the SFR curves, achieving a mean absolute error of 126 cycles and a 𝑅2 score of 0.96. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109396 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109396 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64821 SN - 1873-0302 VL - 2026 IS - 196 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaupp, Sabine A1 - Huber, Florian T1 - Does mental model similarity equal innovation team performance? JF - Innovation & Management Review N2 - Purpose This paper addresses challenges and opportunities of interdisciplinary teamwork in innovation management, focusing on how team mental models (TMMs) can foster more effective collaboration among team members from diverse backgrounds. The research examines the relationship between TMM similarity and team performance in interdisciplinary innovation teams. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory study was conducted with 55 participants across 15 teams. TMM similarity was measured by analyzing team interactions using a web-based interface that facilitated contrasted comparison ratings. These ratings were first processed into individual graphs via a shortest-node-finding pathfinder algorithm, then compared. Subject matter experts evaluated team performance. Findings The results reveal a significant positive correlation between TMM similarity and team performance in interdisciplinary innovation teams, suggesting that greater alignment in team members' mental models enhances overall innovation project performance. Research limitations/implications Although the academic programs sampled replicate the environment, challenges and various other aspects of innovation projects, they can only be considered proxies for innovation projects within real organizations. Further research within professional environments, using a larger sample, is recommended. Practical implications The findings highlight the value of assessing and fostering TMM similarity to improve teamwork and performance in interdisciplinary innovation projects. The interface and code used are publicly available to encourage their implementation in organizations. Originality/value This research provides novel insights into the application of TMMs within interdisciplinary innovation teams, extending the concept beyond its traditional use in unidisciplinary and structured task settings. UR - https://doi.org/10.1108/INMR-09-2023-0152 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1108/INMR-09-2023-0152 SN - 2515-8961 VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 280 EP - 292 PB - Emerald CY - Bingley ER - TY - INPR A1 - Salamat, Babak A1 - Mattern, Dominik A1 - Olzem, Sebastian-Sven A1 - Elsbacher, Gerhard A1 - Seidel, Christian A1 - Tonello, Andrea M. T1 - GMP3: Learning-Driven, Bellman-Guided Trajectory Planning for UAVs in Real-Time on SE(3) N2 - We propose GMP3, a multiphase global path planning framework that generates dynamically feasible three-dimensional trajectories for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating in cluttered environments. The framework extends traditional path planning from Euclidean position spaces to the Lie group SE(3), allowing joint learning of translational motion and rotational dynamics. A modified Bellman-based operator is introduced to support reinforcement learning (RL) policy updates while leveraging prior trajectory information for improved convergence. GMP3 is designed as a distributed framework in which agents influence each other and share policy information along the trajectory: each agent refines its assigned segment and shares with its neighbors via a consensus-based scheme, enabling cooperative policy updates and convergence toward a path shaped globally even under kinematic constraints. We also propose DroneManager, a modular ground control software that interfaces the planner with real UAV platforms via the MAVLink protocol, supporting real-time deployment and feedback. Simulation studies and indoor flight experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in constrained 3D environments, demonstrating reliable obstacle avoidance and smooth, feasible trajectories across both position and orientation. The open-source implementation is available at https://github.com/Domattee/DroneManager. UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.21264 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.21264 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64770 PB - arXiv CY - Ithaca ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peintner, Jakob A1 - Manger, Carina A1 - Berger, Melanie A1 - Riener, Andreas T1 - Balancing transparency and control: The impact of AI explanation detail on user perception in automated vehicles JF - Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives N2 - As automated vehicle technology advances, explainable AI has emerged as a critical tool to enable users to understand and predict the behavior of AI systems, particularly in safety-critical applications such as automated driving. However, increased transparency in AI explanations may inadvertently contribute to an “illusion of control”, a cognitive bias in which drivers overestimate their influence or understanding of the AI’s actions. We aim to better understand how the level of detail in AI explanations affects users of automated vehicles. In a virtual reality study, N = 44 participants experienced different explanation levels (low, medium, high) in an automated ride (SAE L4) compared to a baseline condition with no explanations. The results show a significant improvement in participants’ user experience, acceptance, and explanation satisfaction, with more detailed explanations. Our findings also indicate that as AI explanations become more detailed, users’ perceived level of control increases significantly, although this perception does not correlate with actual control capabilities. At the same time, it decreased their desire to take control, indicating users’ susceptibility to the ’illusion of control’ bias in the context of automated driving. Overall, this suggests that the design of explanation interfaces should strive for a balanced level of detail that promotes AI transparency without causing cognitive overload. At the same time, explainable AI can be utilized to decrease users’ desire to intervene in the AI’s actions. UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2025.101742 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2025.101742 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64740 SN - 2590-1982 VL - 2025 IS - 34 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Michl, Marco A1 - Hof, Hans-Joachim A1 - Katzenbeisser, Stefan T1 - From Access to Trust: Policy-Based Automotive Trust Management With XACML T2 - Proceedings of the 2nd Cyber Security in CarS Workshop (CSCS’25) N2 - Trust is a fundamental requirement in vehicular systems, particularly in the context of autonomous and cooperative driving, where decisions often depend on data received from other vehicles or infrastructure. This paper presents a novel approach to integrating trust-based reasoning—specifically, decision-making based on subjective logic—into Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) systems, using the XACML policy language. We draw a parallel between trust management and access control, showing that trust assessments can be modeled as access decisions and expressed through standard access control policies. This integration allows for the reuse of mature ABAC infrastructure to represent and enforce trust-based decisions. Furthermore, we demonstrate how trust discounting mechanisms, which combine node-based and data-based trust, can be implemented within XACML policies. To evaluate this approach, we introduce a Rust-based XACML engine capable of interpreting trust-enhanced policies. Its integration in both inter- and intra-vehicle scenarios is discussed, assuming a modern zone-based architecture. Our results suggest that policy-based trust management can be efficiently implemented, enabling flexible and standardized trust reasoning in automotive environments. UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3736130.3764511 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3736130.3764511 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64731 SN - 979-8-4007-1928-8 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Laves, Claudius A1 - Hutzelmann, Thomas A1 - Mayer, Kevin A1 - Hof, Hans-Joachim T1 - Driving Down Premiums: A Security and Forensic Analysis of the DriveWell Insurance System T2 - Proceedings of the 2nd Cyber Security in CarS Workshop (CSCS’25) N2 - Modern car insurance companies can dynamically adjust premiums with mobile sensor units that constantly record, analyze, and grade driving behavior. However, attackers can tamper with these systems to cheat the insurance company and reduce their premiums. We developed an attacker model for this threat in conjunction with a risk assessment using the ISO/SAE 21434 Risk Rating Methodology, a widely accepted standard for evaluating and managing risks in automotive systems. To support and showcase our model, we examined the static IT security of the mobile sensor unit DriveWell and its companion Android application HUK Mein Auto. In particular, we utilized digital forensic tools to analyze the stored data in the sensor’s internal storage and the app’s smartphone storage, with a focus on encryption mechanisms for locally stored data and internet communication. During this analysis, we spotted a critical vulnerability that enables attackers to manipulate their insurance scores and potentially reduce premiums by up to 30%. Our model and real-world analysis provide a solid foundation for reducing the risk of such manipulation of insurance premiums. UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3736130.3762688 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3736130.3762688 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64728 SN - 979-8-4007-1928-8 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wan, Lei A1 - Zhao, Jianxin A1 - Wiedholz, Andreas A1 - Bied, Manuel A1 - Martinez de Lucena, Mateus A1 - Jagtap, Abhishek Dinkar A1 - Festag, Andreas A1 - Fröhlich, Antônio A1 - Keen, Hannan Ejaz A1 - Vinel, Alexey T1 - A Systematic Literature Review on Vehicular Collaborative Perception—A Computer Vision Perspective JF - IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems N2 - The effectiveness of autonomous vehicles relies on reliable perception capabilities. Despite significant advancements in artificial intelligence and sensor fusion technologies, current single-vehicle perception systems continue to encounter limitations, notably visual occlusions and limited long-range detection capabilities. Collaborative Perception (CP), enabled by Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication, has emerged as a promising solution to mitigate these issues and enhance the reliability of autonomous systems. Beyond advancements in communication, the computer vision community is increasingly focusing on improving vehicular perception through collaborative approaches. However, a systematic literature review that thoroughly examines existing work and reduces subjective bias is still lacking. Such a systematic approach helps identify research gaps, recognize common trends across studies, and inform future research directions. In response, this study follows the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and includes 106 peer-reviewed articles. These publications are analyzed based on modalities, collaboration schemes, and key perception tasks. Through a comparative analysis, this review illustrates how different methods address practical issues such as pose errors, temporal latency, communication constraints, domain shifts, heterogeneity, and adversarial attacks. Furthermore, it critically examines evaluation methodologies, highlighting a misalignment between current metrics and CP’s fundamental objectives. By delving into all relevant topics in-depth, this review offers valuable insights into challenges, opportunities, and risks, serving as a reference for advancing research in vehicular collaborative perception. UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2025.3631141 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2025.3631141 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64708 SN - 1558-0016 VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 81 EP - 118 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ullrich, Henning A1 - Bayerl, Dominik A1 - Hutzelmann, Thomas A1 - Hof, Hans-Joachim T1 - Application of Quantum Key Distribution in Intelligent Transport Systems T2 - Proceedings of the 2nd Cyber Security in CarS Workshop (CSCS’25) N2 - Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two parties to generate a secret key, based on quantum physical properties. The secrecy of the exchanged key is guaranteed by these quantum physical properties, even against an attacker using a quantum computer. QKD therefore offers an Quantum Information Theoretically Secure (Q-ITS) alternative to Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) schemes. This paper discusses advantages and challenges of deploying a QKD system in an Intelligent Transport System (ITS), by examining two exemplary use cases. Approaches to effectively implement QKD in these use cases are proposed, with a short discussion of advantages over the use of classical and PQC schemes. UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3736130.3762692 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3736130.3762692 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63186 SN - 979-8-4007-1928-8 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Agostinelli, Simone A1 - Asatiani, Aleksandre A1 - Axmann, Bernhard A1 - Hannibal, Glenda A1 - Modlinski, Artur ED - del-Río-Ortega, Adela ED - Marrella, Andrea ED - Reijers, Hajo A. ED - Wilde, Adriana T1 - Trust Calibration for RPA JF - Dagstuhl Reports N2 - This working group focused on foundational issues of trust in RPA: How we can conceptualize trust between users and software robots and specify it in a way that, eventually, we can measure that trust empirically. UR - https://doi.org/10.4230/DagRep.14.7.52 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.4230/DagRep.14.7.52 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64681 SN - 2192-5283 VL - 14 IS - 7 SP - 61 EP - 64 PB - Schloss Dagstuhl CY - Dagstuhl ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gleißner, Christian A1 - Kotonski, Julia T1 - The classification of rigid torus quotients with canonical singularities in dimension three JF - Rendiconti Lincei: Matematica e Applicazioni N2 - We provide a fine classification of rigid 3-dimensional torus quotients with isolated canonical singularities, up to biholomorphism and diffeomorphism. This complements the classification of Calabi–Yau 3-folds of type III0​, which are those quotients with Gorenstein singularities. UR - https://doi.org/10.4171/RLM/1070 Y1 - 2025 UR - https://doi.org/10.4171/RLM/1070 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64657 SN - 1720-0768 VL - 36 IS - 2 SP - 315 EP - 352 PB - EMS Press CY - Berlin ER -