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    <id>1307</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>24</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>6</volume>
    <articleNumber>3</articleNumber>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-02-18</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">“Attention! A Door Could Open.”—Introducing Awareness Messages for Cyclists to Safely Evade Potential Hazards</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Numerous statistics show that cyclists are often involved in road traffic accidents, often with serious outcomes. One potential hazard of cycling, especially in cities, is “dooring”—passing parked vehicles that still have occupants inside. These occupants could open the vehicle door unexpectedly in the cyclist’s path—requiring a quick evasive response by the cyclist to avoid a collision. Dooring can be very poorly anticipated; as a possible solution, we propose in this work a system that notifies the cyclist of opening doors based on a networked intelligent transportation infrastructure. In a user study with a bicycle simulator (N = 24), we examined the effects of three user interface designs compared to a baseline (no notifications) on cycling behavior (speed and lateral position), perceived safety, and ease of use. Awareness messages (either visual message, visual message + auditory icon, or visual + voice message) were displayed on a smart bicycle helmet at different times before passing a parked, still-occupied vehicle. Our participants found the notifications of potential hazards very easy to understand and appealing and felt that the alerts could help them navigate traffic more safely. Those concepts that (additionally) used auditory icons or voice messages were preferred. In addition, the lateral distance increased significantly when a potentially opening door was indicated. In these situations, cyclists were able to safely pass the parked vehicle without braking. In summary, we are convinced that notification systems, such as the one presented here, are an important component for increasing road safety, especially for vulnerable road users.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Multimodal Technologies and Interaction</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2414-4088</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-13079</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.3390/mti6010003</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="THI_DownloadUrl">https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/6/1/3/s1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons BY 4.0</licence>
    <author>
      <first_name>Tamara</first_name>
      <last_name>von Sawitzky</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Thomas</first_name>
      <last_name>Grauschopf</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Andreas</first_name>
      <last_name>Riener</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>accident prevention</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>awareness message</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>connected traffic</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>cycling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>head-mounted display</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>lateral position</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>vulnerable road users</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19309">Fakultät Informatik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19317">CARISSMA Institute of Automated Driving  (C-IAD)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26627">Riener, Andreas</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="27108">Grauschopf, Thomas</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19588">Human-Computer Interaction Group (HCIG)</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-haw/files/1307/mti-06-00003.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>5656</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>26</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>7</volume>
    <articleNumber>e000070</articleNumber>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Lund University</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Lund</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2025-02-13</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Enhancing cyclist safety in cyclist-vehicle interactions through early hazard notifications: a comparison of bi-modal cues at head level</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Cyclists frequently face numerous hazards on the road. Often those hazards are posed by motorised vehicles. Advanced support systems that alert cyclists to potential dangers could enhance their safety. However, research in this area, particularly regarding hazard notifications for cyclists, remains sparse. This work assesses bi-modal early hazard notification concepts (combining visual cues with either auditory or tactile feedback) provided at head level (smart glasses with speakers, tactile headband). They are detailing the nature of the hazard, its direction relative to the cyclist, and the timing of exposure. This work investigates cyclists' preference and perception of the proposed concepts for two hazardous situations originating from interactions with vehicles: ‘dooring’, the hazard of a potential collision with an opening door of a parked vehicle (evaluated through a test track study, N = 32) and ‘being overtaken’ which poses the hazard of being cut off or hit by the overtaking vehicle (assessed in a bicycle simulator study, N = 21). The study involved comparisons of supported and unsupported rides, focusing on their impact on usability, intuitiveness, workload, and perceived safety. Our findings reveal varied preferences for the supporting feedback modality, with 56% favouring visual-auditory and 31% visual-tactile. The participants rated user experience, intuitiveness and perceived safety for the use of both concepts quite high. Further, the workload for assisted rides was rated as equally low as for unassisted rides.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Traffic Safety Research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2004-3082</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-56562</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">11th International Cycling Safety Conference (ICSC 2023), The Hague (The Netherlands), 15.-17.11.2023</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons BY 4.0</licence>
    <author>
      <first_name>Tamara</first_name>
      <last_name>von Sawitzky</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Andreas</first_name>
      <last_name>Löcken</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Thomas</first_name>
      <last_name>Grauschopf</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Andreas</first_name>
      <last_name>Riener</last_name>
    </author>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19309">Fakultät Informatik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19317">CARISSMA Institute of Automated Driving  (C-IAD)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26627">Riener, Andreas</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="27108">Grauschopf, Thomas</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19588">Human-Computer Interaction Group (HCIG)</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-haw/files/5656/e000070_von_Sawitzky.pdf</file>
  </doc>
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