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    <completedYear>2020</completedYear>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>23</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>10</volume>
    <articleNumber>636</articleNumber>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel</publisherPlace>
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    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-12-20</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Measuring the Realtime Capability of Parallel-Discrete-Event-Simulations</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Speeding up Discrete Event Simulations (DESs) is a broad research field. Promising Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES) approaches with optimistic and conservative synchronisation schemes have emerged throughout the years. However, in the area of real-time simulation, PDESs are rarely considered. This is caused by the complex problem of fitting parallel executed DES models to a real-time clock. Hence, this paper gives an extensive review of existing conservative and optimistic synchronisation schemes for PDESs. It introduces a metric to compare their real-time capabilities to determine whether they can be used for soft or firm real-time simulation. Examples are given on how to apply this metric to evaluate PDESs using synthetic and real-world examples. The results of the investigation reveal that no final answer can be given if PDESs can be used for soft or firm real-time simulation as they are. However, boundary conditions were defined, which allow a use-case specific evaluation of the real-time capabilities of a certain parallel executed DES. Using this in-depth knowledge and can lead to predictability of the real-time behaviour of a simulation run.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Electronics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2079-9292</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10883</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons BY 4.0</licence>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christina</first_name>
      <last_name>Obermaier</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Raphael</first_name>
      <last_name>Riebl</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Ali H.</first_name>
      <last_name>Al-Bayatti</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Sarmadullah</first_name>
      <last_name>Khan</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Facchi</last_name>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>real-time simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Discrete Event Simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>network simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19309">Fakultät Informatik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26695">Facchi, Christian</collection>
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    <thesisPublisher>Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-haw/files/1088/electronics-10-00636-v2.pdf</file>
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    <id>2137</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
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    <publisherName>Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg</publisherName>
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    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-03-24</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Vanetza: Boosting Research on Inter-Vehicle Communication</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 5th GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespräch Inter-Vehicle Communication (FG-IVC 2017)</parentTitle>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Raphael</first_name>
      <last_name>Riebl</last_name>
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    <editor>
      <first_name>Anatoli</first_name>
      <last_name>Djanatliev</last_name>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Christina</first_name>
      <last_name>Obermaier</last_name>
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    <editor>
      <first_name>Kai-Steffen</first_name>
      <last_name>Hielscher</last_name>
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      <first_name>Stefan</first_name>
      <last_name>Neumeier</last_name>
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    <editor>
      <first_name>Christoph</first_name>
      <last_name>Sommer</last_name>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Facchi</last_name>
    </author>
    <editor>
      <first_name>David</first_name>
      <last_name>Eckhoff</last_name>
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    <editor>
      <first_name>Reinhard</first_name>
      <last_name>German</last_name>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="15984">Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informatik</collection>
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    <publisherName>Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg</publisherName>
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    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-03-24</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Speeding up OMNeT++ Simulations by Parallel Output-Vector Implementations</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 5th GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespräch Inter-Vehicle Communication (FG-IVC 2017)</parentTitle>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Stefan</first_name>
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    <editor>
      <first_name>Anatoli</first_name>
      <last_name>Djanatliev</last_name>
    </editor>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christina</first_name>
      <last_name>Obermaier</last_name>
    </author>
    <editor>
      <first_name>Kai-Steffen</first_name>
      <last_name>Hielscher</last_name>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Facchi</last_name>
    </author>
    <editor>
      <first_name>Christoph</first_name>
      <last_name>Sommer</last_name>
    </editor>
    <editor>
      <first_name>David</first_name>
      <last_name>Eckhoff</last_name>
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    <editor>
      <first_name>Reinhard</first_name>
      <last_name>German</last_name>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="15984">Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informatik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="15988">ZAF - Zentrum für angewandte Forschung</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26695">Facchi, Christian</collection>
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    <id>2101</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>3755</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>3760</pageLast>
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    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>IEEE</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Piscataway</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-03-23</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Fully Reactive Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation for VANET Devices</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">2018 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-7281-0323-5</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569663</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), Maui (HI), 04.-07. November 2018</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christina</first_name>
      <last_name>Obermaier</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Raphael</first_name>
      <last_name>Riebl</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Facchi</last_name>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Real-time systems</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Message systems</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Vehicular ad hoc networks</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Arteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hardware</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tools</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Roads</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="15984">Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informatik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26695">Facchi, Christian</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19574">CARISSMA</collection>
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    <id>2098</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>681</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>686</pageLast>
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    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>IEEE</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Piscataway</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-03-23</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Dynamic scenario control for VANET simulations</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">5th IEEE International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems: Proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-5090-6484-7</identifier>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">2017 5th IEEE International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS),  Naples (Italy), 26.-28.06.2017</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1109/MTITS.2017.8005599</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christina</first_name>
      <last_name>Obermaier</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Raphael</first_name>
      <last_name>Riebl</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Facchi</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Vehicular ad hoc networks</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Vehicle dynamics</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Arteries</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Meteorology</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Testing</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Computational modeling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Safety</value>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="15984">Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informatik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26695">Facchi, Christian</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19574">CARISSMA</collection>
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    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>6</pageNumber>
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    <publisherName>arXiv</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Ithaca</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-03-23</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Observations on OMNeT++ Real-Time Behaviour</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 4th OMNeT++ Community Summit</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">4th OMNeT++ Community Summit, Bremen (Germany), 07.-08.09.2017</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1709.02207</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_DownloadUrl">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivXjdZYiMFs</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christina</first_name>
      <last_name>Obermaier</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Facchi</last_name>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>vehicular ad hoc network</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>hardware in the Loop</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="15984">Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informatik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26695">Facchi, Christian</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19574">CARISSMA</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1498</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>165</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>171</pageLast>
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    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>ACM</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York</publisherPlace>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-02-25</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">COSIDIA: an approach for real-time parallel discrete event simulations tailored for wireless networks</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">SIGSIM-PADS '21: Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSIM Conference on Principles of Advanced Discrete Simulation</parentTitle>
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    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">SIGSIM-PADS '21: Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSIM Conference on Principles of Advanced Discrete Simulation, online, 31.05.-02.06.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Christina</first_name>
      <last_name>Obermaier</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Raphael</first_name>
      <last_name>Riebl</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Facchi</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Ali H.</first_name>
      <last_name>Al-Bayatti</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Sarmadullah</first_name>
      <last_name>Khan</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>hardware in the loop</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>vehicular ad hoc networks</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>discrete event simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>real-time simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19309">Fakultät Informatik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26695">Facchi, Christian</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19319">CARISSMA Institute of Electric, Connected and Secure Mobility (C-ECOS)</collection>
  </doc>
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    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>9</pageNumber>
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    <publisherName>ACM</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York</publisherPlace>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-03-07</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Limitations of HIL Test Architectures for Car2X Communication Devices and Applications</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings CSCS 2019: ACM Computer Science in Cars Symposium</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-4503-7004-2</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1145/3359999.3360493</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">CSCS '19: Computer Science in Cars Symposium, Kaiserslautern (Germany), 08.10.2019</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christina</first_name>
      <last_name>Obermaier</last_name>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Raphael</first_name>
      <last_name>Riebl</last_name>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Ali H.</first_name>
      <last_name>Al-Bayatti</last_name>
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      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Facchi</last_name>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Sarmadullah</first_name>
      <last_name>Khan</last_name>
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      <value>V2X communication</value>
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      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>validation</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>hardware in the loop</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>intelligent transport systems</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19309">Fakultät Informatik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26695">Facchi, Christian</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19574">CARISSMA</collection>
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