<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>6396</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>32</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>49</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>109</issue>
    <volume>2025</volume>
    <articleNumber/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2025-11-18</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of gaze strategies and cognitive load on safeguarding performance of motorists in right-turning scenarios involving potential conflicts with vulnerable road users</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In urban traffic, while the fraction of collisions involving Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) is low, their importance is high due to the higher injury risk for VRU. Their infrequent occurrence on average (compared with far more common individual perceptual and behavioral errors by both drivers and VRUs) reflects an underlying fault tolerance in traffic processes. However, the degree of fault tolerance varies among traffic situations. The underlying perceptual and cognitive processes involved are complex and can require a high level of attention and concentration, particularly in situations with intersecting trajectories. These processes can occasionally fail, leading to collision risk. The situation of right-turning motorists (in right-hand-drive countries) encountering cyclists moving straight on a bike lane (with right of way) has a particularly low error tolerance, since motorists must actively scan for cyclists approaching from behind. In order to develop, test and assess solutions that mitigate collision risk in this situation, the behavior-related causation mechanisms need investigation. This is the focus of this article. We conducted a trial on our closed test track with n = 35 subjects. The experiment was designed as a within-subject design with three independent factors: maneuver, target velocity, and cognitive load in an n-back task. The trial included observations of participants' gaze control. A primary research focus was the quality and efficiency of the safeguarding gaze behavior of participants in order to draw conclusions on the causation mechanisms of collisions in this situation. For this purpose we define metrics in order to quantify the quality and efficiency of a specific gaze behavior. Furthermore, we studied the effect of factors cognitive load and target velocity on safety and secondary (n-back) task performance. Remarkably, only four out of 35 participants reached a collision risk of 0% relating to the defined quality metric. Furthermore, we identified four distinct gaze strategy groups through hierarchical clustering, where one group performed particularly few glances overall. This group showed significant differences with respect to the defined quality metric whereas the other groups showed only slight differences to each other. The results have implications on subsequent crash causation model development.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1873-5517</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-63967</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefDocumentType">journal-article</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefLicence">https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_import_origin">crossref</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_doiImportPopulated">PersonAuthorFirstName_1,PersonAuthorLastName_1,PersonAuthorIdentifierOrcid_1,PersonAuthorFirstName_2,PersonAuthorLastName_2,PersonAuthorFirstName_3,PersonAuthorLastName_3,PersonAuthorFirstName_4,PersonAuthorLastName_4,PersonAuthorFirstName_5,PersonAuthorLastName_5,PersonAuthorFirstName_6,PersonAuthorLastName_6,PersonAuthorFirstName_7,PersonAuthorLastName_7,PublisherName,TitleMain_1,Language,TitleParent_1,PageNumber,PageFirst,PageLast,Volume,CompletedYear,IdentifierIssn,Enrichmentlocal_crossrefLicence</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">doi-import</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.11.012</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">ja</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_articleversion">published</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons BY 4.0</licence>
    <author>
      <first_name>Florian</first_name>
      <last_name>Denk</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Felix</first_name>
      <last_name>Fröhling</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Pascal</first_name>
      <last_name>Brunner</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Werner</first_name>
      <last_name>Huber</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Martin</first_name>
      <last_name>Margreiter</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Klaus</first_name>
      <last_name>Bogenberger</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Ronald</first_name>
      <last_name>Kates</last_name>
    </author>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19317">CARISSMA Institute of Automated Driving  (C-IAD)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="24800">Huber, Werner</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-haw/files/6396/1-s2.0-S1369847824003140-main.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>3837</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>8</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <articleNumber/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>IEEE</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Piscataway</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Design of an Experiment to Pinpoint Cognitive Failure Processes in the Interaction of Motorists and Vulnerable Road Users</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">IEEE IV 2023: Symposium Proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">979-8-3503-4691-6</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus_import_data">{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]],"date-time":"2023-07-29T04:27:58Z","timestamp":1690604878116},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,4]],"date-time":"2023-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685836800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,4]],"date-time":"2023-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685836800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/iv55152.2023.10186550","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T17:20:05Z","timestamp":1690478405000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design of an Experiment to Pinpoint Cognitive Failure Processes in the Interaction of Motorists and Vulnerable Road Users"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Denk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich,Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt,Ingolstadt and Munich,Germany"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Fr\u00f6hling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt,Ingolstadt,Germany"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Brunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich,Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt,Ingolstadt and Munich,Germany"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt,Ingolstadt,Germany"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Margreiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich,Munich,Germany"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Bogenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich,Munich,Germany"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Kates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thireks GmbH,Otterfing,Germany"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref13","author":"green","year":"2018","journal-title":"Roadway Human Factors From Science to Application"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC45102.2020.9294498"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC48978.2021.9565067"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2015.07.027"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-8765.2008.01006.x"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-01193-y"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Towards effective design treatment for right turns at intersections with bicycle traffic","author":"hurwitz","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2022.2146324"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Visual attention failures during turns at intersections: An on-road study","volume":"1","author":"kaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Victoria"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Safety impacts of rising urban micromobility: statistical analysis of e-scooter use and risky rider behavior in ingolstadt, germany","author":"brunner","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Conference on Travel Behaviour Research"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Directorate General for Mobility and Transport. and CE Delft","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handbook on the external costs of transport version 2019 &amp;#x2013; 1 1"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Sicherheitsreport","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polizeipr&amp;#x00E4;sidium M&amp;#x00FC;nchen"},{"key":"ref17","year":"0","journal-title":"Gemeinsame Ethikkommission der Hochschulen Bayerns"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2020.11.014"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"The OpenCV Library","author":"bradski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dr Dobb&amp;#x2019;s J Softw Tools"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.143"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2019.09.012"},{"key":"ref7","author":"liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Study of car-bicycle safety at signalized intersections from multi-aspects"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2017.10.010"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Abbiegeunf&amp;#x00E4;lle pkw\/lkw und fahrrad","author":"kolrep-rometsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Forschungs-bericht\/Unfallforschung der Versicherer (UDV)"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Mobilit&amp;#x00E4;t in deutschland &amp;#x2013; mid regionalbericht stadt m&amp;#x00FC;nchen, m&amp;#x00FC;nchner umland und mvv-verbundraum. bmvi, infas, dlr, ivt, infas 360. bonn, berlin","author":"belz","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2019.8917517"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC55140.2022.9921764"}],"event":{"name":"2023 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","location":"Anchorage, AK, USA","start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,4]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]}},"container-title":["2023 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/10186382\/10186383\/10186550.pdf?arnumber=10186550","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T20:28:47Z","timestamp":1690576127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10186550\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,4]]},"references-count":23,"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/iv55152.2023.10186550","relation":{},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,4]]}}}</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefDocumentType">proceedings-article</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1109/IV55152.2023.10186550</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_import_origin">crossref</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_doiImportPopulated">PersonAuthorFirstName_1,PersonAuthorLastName_1,PersonAuthorFirstName_2,PersonAuthorLastName_2,PersonAuthorFirstName_3,PersonAuthorLastName_3,PersonAuthorFirstName_4,PersonAuthorLastName_4,PersonAuthorFirstName_5,PersonAuthorLastName_5,PersonAuthorFirstName_6,PersonAuthorLastName_6,PersonAuthorFirstName_7,PersonAuthorLastName_7,Enrichmentconference_title,Enrichmentconference_place,PublisherName,TitleMain_1,TitleParent_1,CompletedYear,Enrichmentlocal_crossrefLicence</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="conference_title">2023 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="conference_place">Anchorage, AK, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">doi-import</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">2023 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), Anchorage (USA), 04.-07.06.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Florian</first_name>
      <last_name>Denk</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Felix</first_name>
      <last_name>Fröhling</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Pascal</first_name>
      <last_name>Brunner</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Werner</first_name>
      <last_name>Huber</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Martin</first_name>
      <last_name>Margreiter</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Klaus</first_name>
      <last_name>Bogenberger</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Ronald</first_name>
      <last_name>Kates</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Traffic analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>human factors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>cognitive models</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>experimental design</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19317">CARISSMA Institute of Automated Driving  (C-IAD)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="24800">Huber, Werner</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
