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  <doc>
    <id>1013</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>82</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>18</issue>
    <volume>14</volume>
    <articleNumber>5989</articleNumber>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-09-21</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Critical review of intelligent battery systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This review provides an overview of new strategies to address the current challenges of automotive battery systems: Intelligent Battery Systems. They have the potential to make battery systems more performant and future-proof for coming generations of electric vehicles. The essential features of Intelligent Battery Systems are the accurate and robust determination of cell individual states and the ability to control the current of each cell by reconfiguration. They enable high-level functions like fault diagnostics, multi-objective balancing strategies, multilevel inverters, and hybrid energy storage systems. State of the art and recent advances in these topics are compiled and critically discussed in this article. A comprising, critical discussion of the implementation aspects of Intelligent Battery Systems complements the review. We touch on sensing, battery topologies and management, switching elements, communication architecture, and impact on the single-cell. This review contributes to transferring the best technologies from research to product development.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Energies</parentTitle>
    <subTitle language="eng">challenges, implementation, and potential for electric vehicles</subTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1996-1073</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-10132</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185989</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="THI_articleversion">published</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons BY 4.0</licence>
    <author>
      <first_name>Lidiya</first_name>
      <last_name>Komsiyska</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Tobias</first_name>
      <last_name>Buchberger</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Simon</first_name>
      <last_name>Diehl</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Moritz</first_name>
      <last_name>Ehrensberger</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Hanzl</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christoph</first_name>
      <last_name>Hartmann</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Markus</first_name>
      <last_name>Hölzle</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Jan</first_name>
      <last_name>Kleiner</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Meinert</first_name>
      <last_name>Lewerenz</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Bernhard</first_name>
      <last_name>Liebhart</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Michael</first_name>
      <last_name>Schmid</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Dominik</first_name>
      <last_name>Schneider</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Sascha</first_name>
      <last_name>Speer</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Julia</first_name>
      <last_name>Stöttner</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christoph</first_name>
      <last_name>Terbrack</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Michael</first_name>
      <last_name>Hinterberger</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Endisch</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>smart battery</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>intelligent battery system</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>advanced monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>reconfigurable battery</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>battery management system</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>electric vehicle</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19320">Institut für Innovative Mobilität (IIMo)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26571">Endisch, Christian</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-haw/files/1013/energies-14-05989-v2-1.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1040</id>
    <completedYear>2020</completedYear>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>480</issue>
    <volume>2020</volume>
    <articleNumber>228673</articleNumber>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2020-09-29</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Application of nonlinear impedance spectroscopy for the diagnosis of lithium-ion battery cells under various operating conditions</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Power Sources</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1873-2755</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228673</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_articleversion">published</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Bernhard</first_name>
      <last_name>Liebhart</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Martin</first_name>
      <last_name>Satzke</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Lidiya</first_name>
      <last_name>Komsiyska</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Endisch</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nonlinear impedance spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mechanical pressure</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Frequency response functions</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Volterra kernels</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19320">Institut für Innovative Mobilität (IIMo)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26571">Endisch, Christian</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1043</id>
    <completedYear>2019</completedYear>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>449</issue>
    <volume>2020</volume>
    <articleNumber>227297</articleNumber>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2019-12-18</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Passive impedance spectroscopy for monitoring lithium-ion battery cells during vehicle operation</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Power Sources</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1873-2755</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227297</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_articleversion">published</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Bernhard</first_name>
      <last_name>Liebhart</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Lidiya</first_name>
      <last_name>Komsiyska</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Endisch</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>(Nonparametric) system identification</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>(Passive) impedance spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Data-driven battery parameter estimation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Single-cell BMS</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19320">Institut für Innovative Mobilität (IIMo)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26571">Endisch, Christian</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1336</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1073</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1088</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>14</volume>
    <articleNumber/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Hoboken</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-02-22</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Current commutation in a switched lithium-ion cell used in cascaded half-bridge multilevel inverters</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In order to improve the efficiency of battery electric vehicles, the utilization of reconfigurable batteries and multilevel inverters based on low-voltage Si MOSFETs gains growing attention. Focusing on the half-bridge as basic switching unit, this paper examines voltage and current waveforms during switching. It is shown that the current commutation speed depends on various factors such as sign and amplitude of the current as well as the particular switching scenario. For instance, turning off a positive cell current takes 0.21 𝜇s while turning it on takes 0.9 𝜇s. In addition, it is revealed that depending on the switching scenario and current direction, the lithium-ion cell supports or opposes the remagnetization of the parasitic inductances and therefore the switching losses of the MOSFETs. Switching a positive load current of 125 A from active to bypass converts 276 𝜇J into heat while switching from bypass to active converts merely 32.5 𝜇J into heat.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">IET Power Electronics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1755-4543</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-13364</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.12088</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">ja</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_articleversion">published</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons BY 4.0</licence>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Hanzl</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christoph</first_name>
      <last_name>Hartmann</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Markus</first_name>
      <last_name>Hölzle</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Bernhard</first_name>
      <last_name>Liebhart</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Michael</first_name>
      <last_name>Schmid</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Endisch</last_name>
    </author>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19320">Institut für Innovative Mobilität (IIMo)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26571">Endisch, Christian</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-haw/files/1336/IET_Power_Electronics-2021-Hanzl.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1367</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>6</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <articleNumber/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>IEEE</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Piscataway</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-02-22</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Adaptive Variance Estimation of Sensor Noise within a Sensor Data Fusion Framework</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC 2021) Proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2642-2077</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-7281-9539-1</identifier>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), Glasgow (UK), 17.-20.05.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9459790</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Dominik</first_name>
      <last_name>Schneider</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Bernhard</first_name>
      <last_name>Liebhart</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Endisch</last_name>
    </author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19320">Institut für Innovative Mobilität (IIMo)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26571">Endisch, Christian</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1514</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>967</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>974</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
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    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>IEEE</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Piscataway</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-02-25</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Enhancing the Cell Impedance Estimation of a Lithium-Ion Battery System with Embedded Power Path Switches</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">APEC 2021: Thirty-Sixth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-7281-8949-9</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2470-6647</identifier>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC42165.2021.9487173</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">2021 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), online, 14.-17.06.2021</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Bernhard</first_name>
      <last_name>Liebhart</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Simon</first_name>
      <last_name>Diehl</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Dominik</first_name>
      <last_name>Schneider</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Endisch</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Ralph</first_name>
      <last_name>Kennel</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reconfigurable Battery System</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Impedance Spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Power MOSFET</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pseudorandom Binary Sequence</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19320">Institut für Innovative Mobilität (IIMo)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26571">Endisch, Christian</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1516</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1736</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1742</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <articleNumber/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>IEEE</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Piscataway</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-02-25</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Improved Impedance Measurements for Electric Vehicles with Reconfigurable Battery Systems</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition – Asia, 2021 (ECCE Asia 2021)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-7281-6344-4</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2150-6086</identifier>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-Asia49820.2021.9479060</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">2021 IEEE 12th Energy Conversion Congress &amp; Exposition - Asia (ECCE-Asia), Singapore (Singapore), 24.-27.05.2021</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Bernhard</first_name>
      <last_name>Liebhart</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Simon</first_name>
      <last_name>Diehl</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Michael</first_name>
      <last_name>Schmid</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Endisch</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Ralph</first_name>
      <last_name>Kennel</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reconfigurable Battery System</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Impedance Spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Power MOSFET</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Artificial Neural Network</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19320">Institut für Innovative Mobilität (IIMo)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26571">Endisch, Christian</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>3071</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1711</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1718</pageLast>
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    <publisherName>IEEE</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Piscataway (NJ)</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2023-01-12</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Online Detection of Soft Internal Short Circuits in Lithium-Ion Battery Packs by Data-Driven Cell Voltage Monitoring</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the Energy Conversion Congress &amp; Exposition - Asia, 2021 (ECCE-Asia 2021)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-7281-6344-4</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2150-6086</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">2021 IEEE 12th Energy Conversion Congress &amp; Exposition - Asia (ECCE-Asia), Singapore, 24.-27.05.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE-Asia49820.2021.9479175</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Michael</first_name>
      <last_name>Schmid</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Bernhard</first_name>
      <last_name>Liebhart</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Jan</first_name>
      <last_name>Kleiner</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Endisch</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Ralph</first_name>
      <last_name>Kennel</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Internal Short Circuit</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fault Diagnosis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithium-Ion Battery</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Battery Safety</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electric Vehicle</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19320">Institut für Innovative Mobilität (IIMo)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26571">Endisch, Christian</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1419</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>699</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>705</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
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    <volume/>
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    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>IEEE</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Piscataway</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-02-23</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Sensitivity analysis of battery cell aging estimators based on impedance spectroscopy regarding temperature compensation</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">IEEE CCTA 2020, 4th IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-7281-7140-1</identifier>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1109/CCTA41146.2020.9206395</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">2020 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA), online, 24.-26.08.2020</enrichment>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Bernhard</first_name>
      <last_name>Liebhart</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Simon</first_name>
      <last_name>Diehl</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Endisch</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>sensitivity analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>impedance spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>temperature compensation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>battery management systems</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>multiple lithium-ion cells</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>battery cell aging estimators</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>on board electric vehicles</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19320">Institut für Innovative Mobilität (IIMo)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26571">Endisch, Christian</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2293</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>71</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>77</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
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    <volume/>
    <articleNumber/>
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    <publisherName>IEEE</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Piscataway, NJ</publisherPlace>
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    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-04-26</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Enhanced state and parameter estimation within reconfigurable battery systems for electric vehicles</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">2022 12th International Conference on Power, Energy and Electrical Engineering (CPEEE)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-6654-2049-5</identifier>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEEE54404.2022.9738700</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">2022 12th International Conference on Power, Energy and Electrical Engineering (CPEEE), Shiga, Japan, 25.-27.02.2022</enrichment>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Dominik</first_name>
      <last_name>Schneider</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Bernhard</first_name>
      <last_name>Liebhart</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Endisch</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Ralph</first_name>
      <last_name>Kennel</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>state estimation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>battery management system</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>reconfigurable battery systems</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>power electronics</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19320">Institut für Innovative Mobilität (IIMo)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26571">Endisch, Christian</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1360</id>
    <completedYear>2021</completedYear>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>39</issue>
    <volume>2021</volume>
    <articleNumber>102638</articleNumber>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-02-22</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Active state and parameter estimation as part of intelligent battery systems</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Energy Storage</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2352-1538</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102638</enrichment>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Dominik</first_name>
      <last_name>Schneider</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Bernhard</first_name>
      <last_name>Liebhart</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Endisch</last_name>
    </author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19320">Institut für Innovative Mobilität (IIMo)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26571">Endisch, Christian</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>6408</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>43</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>11</issue>
    <volume>11</volume>
    <articleNumber>11110424</articleNumber>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2025-11-19</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Reconfigurable High-Voltage Battery System for Next-Generation Electric Vehicles</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Battery system engineers face the challenge of balancing competing requirements regarding performance, maintainability, sustainability, safety, and cost—especially in the automotive industry. IBS potentially offer a solution with fewer trade-offs. They feature a battery management system with advanced sensing and data analysis capabilities that facilitate improved battery monitoring and operation. Reconfigurable energy storage units enable sophisticated operating strategies, including complete cell state control, full energy content utilization, and a measured response to faults. This article presents the design, development, and operation of a full-scale intelligent battery system prototype comprising 324 automotive lithium-ion cells with a nominal voltage of 400V. The system exhibits a modular single cell architecture and an advanced centralized battery management system. We detail the system architecture, hardware and software component design, and system integration. Initial tests demonstrate the battery’s operability, extended functionality, and enhanced safety. Our analysis shows that the additional losses introduced by reconfigurability are more than offset by the benefits of full energy utilization—even for new cells, with increasing advantage as aging progresses. The results underscore the potential of intelligent battery systems and motivate further research and development toward economic assessment and industrial adoption.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Batteries</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2313-0105</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-64086</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11110424</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons BY 4.0</licence>
    <author>
      <first_name>Stefan</first_name>
      <last_name>Schwertner</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Tobias</first_name>
      <last_name>Buchberger</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Simon</first_name>
      <last_name>Diehl</last_name>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Rebekka</first_name>
      <last_name>Ferg</last_name>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Hanzl</last_name>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Christoph</first_name>
      <last_name>Hartmann</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Markus</first_name>
      <last_name>Hölzle</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Jan</first_name>
      <last_name>Kleiner</last_name>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Lidiya</first_name>
      <last_name>Komsiyska</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Meinert</first_name>
      <last_name>Lewerenz</last_name>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Bernhard</first_name>
      <last_name>Liebhart</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Michael</first_name>
      <last_name>Schmid</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Dominik</first_name>
      <last_name>Schneider</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Florian</first_name>
      <last_name>Scholz</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Sascha</first_name>
      <last_name>Speer</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Julia</first_name>
      <last_name>Stöttner</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christoph</first_name>
      <last_name>Terbrack</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Michael</first_name>
      <last_name>Hinterberger</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Endisch</last_name>
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    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19320">Institut für Innovative Mobilität (IIMo)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26571">Endisch, Christian</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-haw/files/6408/batteries-11-00424-v3.pdf</file>
  </doc>
</export-example>
