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  <doc>
    <id>926</id>
    <completedYear>2020</completedYear>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>140</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>146</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>10</volume>
    <articleNumber/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>De Gruyter</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2020-03-08</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">New developments on EDR (Event Data Recorder) for automated vehicles</title>
    <abstract language="eng">With the upcoming new legislative rules in the EU on Event Data Recorder beginning 2022 the question is whether the discussed data base is sufficient for the needs of clarifying accidents involving automated vehicles. Based on the reconstruction of real accidents including vehicles with ADAS combined with specially designed crash tests a broader data base than US EDR regulation (NHTSA 49 CFR Part 563.7) is proposed. The working group AHEAD, to which the authors contribute, has already elaborated a data model that fits the needs of automated driving. The structure of this data model is shown. Moreover, the special benefits of storing internal video or photo feeds form the vehicle camera systems combined with object data is illustrated. When using a sophisticate 3D measurement method of the accident scene the videos or photos can also serve as a control instance for the stored vehicle data. The AHEAD Data Model enhanced with the storage of the video and photo feeds should be considered in the planned roadmap of the Informal Working Group (IWG) on EDR/ DSSAD (Data Storage System for Automated Driving) reporting to UNECE WP29. Also, a data access over the air using technology already applied in China for electric vehicles called Real Time Monitoring would allow a quantum leap in forensic accident reconstruction.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Open Engineering</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2391-5439</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-9263</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0007</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_articleversion">published</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">ja</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons BY 4.0</licence>
    <author>
      <first_name>Klaus</first_name>
      <last_name>Böhm</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Tibor</first_name>
      <last_name>Kubjatko</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Daniel</first_name>
      <last_name>Paula</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Hans-Georg</first_name>
      <last_name>Schweiger</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Event Data Recorder (EDR)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>automated vehicles</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>video and photo feeds</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Real Time Monitoring (RTM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AHEAD (Aggregated Homologation proposal for Event data recorder for Automated Driving)</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26111">Schweiger, Hans-Georg</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19574">CARISSMA</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-haw/files/926/10.1515_eng-2020-0007.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1552</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>284</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>289</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>33</volume>
    <articleNumber/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Beck</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>München</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-02-28</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Kann die Verwendung digitaler Fahrzeugdaten zur Rekonstruktion von Verkehrsunfällen unterhalb der Schwelle schwerster Unfallereignisse verhältnismäßig sein?</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">NZV: Neue Zeitschrift für Verkehrsrecht</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://beck-online.beck.de/Bcid/Y-300-Z-NZV-B-2020-S-284-N-1</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0934-1307</identifier>
    <enrichment key="THI_articleversion">published</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">editorial review</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christoph</first_name>
      <last_name>Fothen</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Klaus</first_name>
      <last_name>Böhm</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Daniel</first_name>
      <last_name>Paula</last_name>
    </author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19574">CARISSMA</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1544</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <articleNumber/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-02-28</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Event Data Recorder (EDR) for automated vehicles</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">SafetyWeek : Die Zukunft der Fahrzeugsicherheit</parentTitle>
    <subTitle language="eng">Legal certainty and data privacy for all</subTitle>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://www.carhs.de/de/publikationen/product/safetyweek-2020-replay.html</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">SafetyWeek 2020, Würzburg (Germany), 02.-03. September 2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Lothar</first_name>
      <last_name>Wech</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Klaus</first_name>
      <last_name>Böhm</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Hans-Georg</first_name>
      <last_name>Schweiger</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Daniel</first_name>
      <last_name>Paula</last_name>
    </author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="15985">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19318">CARISSMA Institute of Safety in Future Mobility (C-ISAFE)</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19319">CARISSMA Institute of Electric, Connected and Secure Mobility (C-ECOS)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26111">Schweiger, Hans-Georg</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="25383">Wech, Lothar</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1504</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>16</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <articleNumber/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>EVU</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-02-25</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Challenges in forensic reconstruction of traffic accidents involving Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 29th Annual Congress of the EVU</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">29th Annual Congress of the EVU, online, 06.-07.10.2021</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Daniel</first_name>
      <last_name>Paula</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Klaus</first_name>
      <last_name>Böhm</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Tibor</first_name>
      <last_name>Kubjatko</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Hans-Georg</first_name>
      <last_name>Schweiger</last_name>
    </author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19319">CARISSMA Institute of Electric, Connected and Secure Mobility (C-ECOS)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26111">Schweiger, Hans-Georg</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1751</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>357</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>371</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <articleNumber/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Vieweg</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Wiesbaden</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-03-04</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Reconstruction of traffic accidents with automated and electrified vehicles</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">20. Internationales Stuttgarter Symposium: Automobil- und Motorentechnik, Band 1</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-658-29942-2</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-658-29943-9</identifier>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29943-9_28</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">20. Internationales Stuttgarter Symposium, abgesagt</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">nein</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Daniel</first_name>
      <last_name>Paula</last_name>
    </author>
    <editor>
      <first_name>Michael</first_name>
      <last_name>Bargende</last_name>
    </editor>
    <author>
      <first_name>Hans-Georg</first_name>
      <last_name>Schweiger</last_name>
    </author>
    <editor>
      <first_name>Hans-Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Reuss</last_name>
    </editor>
    <author>
      <first_name>Klaus</first_name>
      <last_name>Böhm</last_name>
    </author>
    <editor>
      <first_name>Andreas</first_name>
      <last_name>Wagner</last_name>
    </editor>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19319">CARISSMA Institute of Electric, Connected and Secure Mobility (C-ECOS)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26111">Schweiger, Hans-Georg</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1753</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>349</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>364</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <articleNumber/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>VDI Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-03-04</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Event Data Recorder (EDR) for accidents with automated vehicles</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">12. VDI-Tagung Fahrzeugsicherheit: Fahrzeugsicherheit im Umfeld von neuen Rating- und Gesetzesanforderungen</parentTitle>
    <subTitle language="deu">the accident analysis of the future</subTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-18-092364-2</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-18-102364-8</identifier>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.51202/9783181023648-349</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">12. VDI-Tagung Fahrzeugsicherheit, Berlin (Germany), 27.-28.11.2019</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">nein</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Klaus</first_name>
      <last_name>Böhm</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Daniel</first_name>
      <last_name>Paula</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Lothar</first_name>
      <last_name>Wech</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Hans-Georg</first_name>
      <last_name>Schweiger</last_name>
    </author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="15985">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26111">Schweiger, Hans-Georg</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="25383">Wech, Lothar</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19574">CARISSMA</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2347</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>16</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>9</issue>
    <volume>22</volume>
    <articleNumber>3562</articleNumber>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-05-09</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">C-ITS relevant critical vehicle-to-vehicle accident scenarios for accident analysis</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The relevance of scientific investigations, whether simulative or empirical, is strongly related to the environment used and the scenarios associated with it. Within the field of cooperative intelligent transport systems, use-cases are defined to describe the benefits of applications. This has already been conducted in the available safety-relevant Day 1 applications longitudinal and intersection collision risk warning through the respective technical specifications. However, the relevance of traffic scenarios is always a function of accident severity and frequency of a retrospective consideration of accident databases. In this study, vehicle-to-vehicle scenarios with high frequency and/or severe personal injuries are therefore determined with the help of the CISS database and linked to the use-cases of the safety-relevant Day 1 applications. The relevance of the scenarios thus results on the one hand from the classical parameters of retrospective accident analysis and on the other hand from the coverage by the named vehicle-to-x applications. As a result, accident scenarios with oncoming vehicles are the most relevant scenarios for investigations with cooperative intelligent transport systems. In addition, high coverage of the most critical scenarios within the use-cases of longitudinal and intersection collision risk warning is already apparent.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Sensors</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1424-8220</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-23473</identifier>
    <note>This article belongs to the Special Issue "Sensors and Systems for Automotive and Road Safety"</note>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093562</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_articleversion">published</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">ja</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons BY 4.0</licence>
    <author>
      <first_name>Maximilian</first_name>
      <last_name>Bauder</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Klaus</first_name>
      <last_name>Böhm</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Tibor</first_name>
      <last_name>Kubjatko</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Lothar</first_name>
      <last_name>Wech</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Hans-Georg</first_name>
      <last_name>Schweiger</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>cooperative intelligent transportation systems</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>C-ITS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>V2X</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>accident scenarios</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>accident analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>accident database</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="15985">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19318">CARISSMA Institute of Safety in Future Mobility (C-ISAFE)</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19319">CARISSMA Institute of Electric, Connected and Secure Mobility (C-ECOS)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26111">Schweiger, Hans-Georg</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="25383">Wech, Lothar</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-haw/files/2347/sensors-22-03562.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2513</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>453</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>467</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>12</volume>
    <articleNumber/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>De Gruyter</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-07-13</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Determination of accident scenarios via freely available accident databases</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The derivation of real accident scenarios from accident databases represents an important task within vehicle safety research. Simulations are increasingly used for this purpose. Depending on the research interest, a wide range of accident databases exists worldwide, which differ mainly in the number of recorded data per accident and availability. This work aims to identify critical vehicle-to-vehicle accidents based on freely available accident databases to derive concrete scenarios for a subsequent simulation. For this purpose, the method of the pre-crash matrix is applied using the example of the freely available Crash Investigation Sampling System database of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. An analysis of existing databases worldwide shows that this is the most detailed, freely available database. The derivation of scenarios succeeds here by a new method, whereby a center of gravity calculation is carried out based on the damages of the vehicles according to Collision Deformation Classification nomenclature. In addition, the determination of other necessary parameters, as well as the limits of the database, is shown in order to derive a scenario that can be simulated. As a result, the constellations of the five most frequent vehicle-to-vehicle accident scenarios according to the Crash Investigation Sampling System database are presented. In particular, other institutions should follow National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s example and make data freely available for accident research.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Open Engineering</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2391-5439</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-25137</identifier>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0047</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_articleversion">published</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">ja</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons BY 4.0</licence>
    <author>
      <first_name>Maximilian</first_name>
      <last_name>Bauder</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Katrin</first_name>
      <last_name>Lecheler</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Lothar</first_name>
      <last_name>Wech</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Klaus</first_name>
      <last_name>Böhm</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Daniel</first_name>
      <last_name>Paula</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Hans-Georg</first_name>
      <last_name>Schweiger</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>accident databases</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>accident scenarios</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>vehicle-to-vehicle accidents</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pre-Crash-Matrix</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crash Investigation Sampling System</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="15985">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19318">CARISSMA Institute of Safety in Future Mobility (C-ISAFE)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26111">Schweiger, Hans-Georg</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="25383">Wech, Lothar</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-haw/files/2513/10.1515_eng-2022-0047.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1713</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>11</pageNumber>
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    <title language="eng">Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) Experiments for Traffic Accident&#13;
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    <title language="eng">Impact of Partially Automated Driving Functions on Forensic Accident Reconstruction: A Simulator Study on Driver Reaction Behavior in the Event of a Malfunctioning System Behavior</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Partially automated driving functions (SAE Level 2) can control a vehicle’s longitudinal and lateral movements. However, taking over the driving task involves automation risks that the driver must manage. In severe accidents, the driver’s ability to avoid a collision must be assessed, considering their expected reaction behavior. The primary goal of this study is to generate essential data on driver reaction behavior in case of malfunctions in partially automated driving functions for use in legal affairs. A simulator study with two scenarios involving 32 subjects was conducted for this purpose. The first scenario investigated driver reactions to system limitations during cornering. The results show that none of the subjects could avoid leaving their lane and moving into the oncoming lane and, therefore, could not control the situation safely. Due to partial automation, we could also identify a new part of the reaction time, the hands-on time, which leads to increased steering reaction times of 1.18 to 1.74 s. The second scenario examined driver responses to phantom braking caused by AEBS. We found that 25 of the 32 subjects could not override the phantom braking by pressing the accelerator pedal, although 16 subjects were informed about the system analog to the actual vehicle manuals. Overall, the study suggests that the current legal perspective on vehicle control and the expected driver reaction behavior for accident avoidance should be reconsidered.</abstract>
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