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    <title language="por">Classificação de Distúrbios de Qualidade da Energia Elétrica em Tempo Real</title>
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      <first_name>Luiz Fernando Alves</first_name>
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    <title language="eng">Sample-by-sample Power Quality Disturbance classification based on Sliding Window Recursive Discrete Fourier Transform</title>
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    <title language="eng">Adaptive Filter Bank Based on Independent Component Analysis for Harmonic, Inter-Harmonic and Sub-Harmonic Extraction</title>
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    <title language="eng">Towards to Battery Digital Passport: Reviewing Regulations and Standards for Second-Life Batteries</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Greenhouse gas emissions from transportation harm the environment. In response to these environmental concerns, numerous countries encourage the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) as a more environmentally friendly option than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. Advances in battery technology have made batteries an alternative solution for energy storage in stationary applications and for electric mobility. Reduced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) production costs due to economies of scale, electrode material and cell design developments, and manufacturing process improvements have driven this success. This trend is expected to increase the number of LIBs on the market that may be discarded in the environment at the end of their useful life if more sustainable alternatives are not technologically mature. This coming environmental concern can be mitigated by collecting wasted EV batteries, reconfiguring them, and reusing them for applications with less stringent weight, performance, and size requirements. This method would extend battery life and reduce environmental effects. The present work investigates the main regulatory structures of the second-life battery industry that require rules, technical standards, and laws. To achieve this objective, a systematic review was carried out following a strict protocol that includes identifying relevant studies, extracting data and information, evaluating, and summarizing information. This paper explains the primary rules and technical standards governing the second-life battery business. The findings highlight the need for universities, research institutions, and government agencies to evaluate the second-life battery industry objectively. This would enable the creation of new technological regulations and laws for this burgeoning industry.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Batteries</parentTitle>
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      <first_name>Carlos Antônio</first_name>
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      <first_name>Daniel</first_name>
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      <first_name>Gero</first_name>
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      <first_name>Lluís</first_name>
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      <first_name>Victor José</first_name>
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      <first_name>Gabriela</first_name>
      <last_name>Benveniste</last_name>
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      <first_name>Yash</first_name>
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      <first_name>Joshua</first_name>
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      <first_name>Hans-Georg</first_name>
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    <title language="eng">A Comprehensive Review of EV Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Lithium-ion batteries with improved energy densities have made understanding the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) generation mechanisms that cause mechanical, thermal, and chemical failures more complicated. SEI processes reduce battery capacity and power. Thus, a review of this area's understanding is important. It is essential to know how batteries degrade in EVs to estimate battery lifespan as it goes, predict, and minimize losses, and determine the ideal time for a replacement. Lithium-ion batteries used in EVs mainly suffer two types of degradation: calendar degradation and cycling degradation. Despite the existence of several existing works in the literature, several aspects of battery degradation remain unclear or have not been analyzed in detail. This work presents a systematic review of existing works in the literature. The results of the present investigation provide insight into the complex relationships among various factors affecting battery degradation mechanisms. Specifically, this systematic review examined the effects of time, side reactions, temperature fluctuations, high charge/discharge rates, depth of discharge, mechanical stress, thermal stress, and the voltage relationship on battery performance and longevity. The results revealed that these factors interact in complex ways to influence the degradation mechanisms of batteries. For example, high charge currents and deep discharges were found to accelerate degradation, while low temperatures and moderate discharge depths were shown to be beneficial for battery longevity. Additionally, the results showed that the relationship between cell voltage and State-of-Charge (SOC) plays a critical role in determining the rate of degradation. Overall, these findings have important implications for the design and operation of battery systems, as they highlight the need to carefully manage a range of factors to maximize battery performance and longevity. The result is an analysis of the main articles published in this field in recent years. This work aims to present new knowledge about fault detection, diagnosis, and management of lithium-ion batteries based on battery degradation concepts. The new knowledge is presented and discussed in a structured and comprehensive way.</abstract>
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    <title language="eng">Analysis of the Measurement Uncertainties in the Characterization Tests of Lithium-Ion Cells</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The transition to renewable energy systems and electric mobility depends on the effectiveness, reliability, and durability of lithium-ion battery technology. Accurate modeling and control of battery systems are essential to ensure safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness in electric vehicles and grid storage. In engineering and materials science, battery models depend on physical parameters such as capacity, energy, state of charge (SOC), internal resistance, power, and self-discharge rate. These parameters are affected by measurement uncertainty. Despite the widespread use of lithium-ion cells, few studies quantify how measurement uncertainty propagates to derived battery parameters and affects predictive modeling. This study quantifies how uncertainty in voltage, current, and temperature measurements reduces the accuracy of derived parameters used for simulation and control. This work presents a comprehensive uncertainty analysis of 18650 format lithium-ion cells with nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes. It applies the law of error propagation to quantify uncertainty in key battery parameters. The main result shows that small variations in voltage, current, and temperature measurements can produce measurable deviations in internal resistance and SOC. These findings challenge the common assumption that such uncertainties are negligible in practice. The results also highlight a risk for battery management systems that rely on these parameters for control and diagnostics. The results show that propagated uncertainty depends on chemistry because of differences in voltage profiles, kinetic limitations, and temperature sensitivity. This observation informs cell selection and testing for specific applications. Improved quantification and control of measurement uncertainty can improve model calibration and reduce lifetime and cost risks in battery systems. These results support more robust diagnostic strategies and more defensible warranty thresholds. This study shows that battery testing and modeling should report and propagate measurement uncertainty explicitly. This is important for data-driven and physics-informed models used in industry and research.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Energies</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1996-1073</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-66630</identifier>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Thomas</first_name>
      <last_name>Hußenether</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Carlos Antônio</first_name>
      <last_name>Rufino Júnior</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Tomás</first_name>
      <last_name>Selaibe Pires</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Tarani</first_name>
      <last_name>Mishra</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Jinesh</first_name>
      <last_name>Nahar</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Akash</first_name>
      <last_name>Vaghani</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Richard</first_name>
      <last_name>Polzer</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Sergej</first_name>
      <last_name>Diel</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Hans-Georg</first_name>
      <last_name>Schweiger</last_name>
    </author>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="19319">CARISSMA Institute of Electric, Connected and Secure Mobility (C-ECOS)</collection>
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    <completedDate>2026-01-28</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Tailoring electrolyte solvation for improved Na-based supercapacitor efficiency: an operando characterization approach</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Materials Chemistry A</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2050-7488</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2050-7496</identifier>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Raissa</first_name>
      <last_name>Venâncio</last_name>
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      <first_name>Manuel J.</first_name>
      <last_name>Pinzón C.</last_name>
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      <first_name>João Pedro</first_name>
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      <first_name>Carlos Antônio</first_name>
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      <first_name>Gustavo</first_name>
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      <first_name>Luís</first_name>
      <last_name>Branco</last_name>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Débora V.</first_name>
      <last_name>Franco</last_name>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Leonardo M.</first_name>
      <last_name>Da Silva</last_name>
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      <first_name>Josué</first_name>
      <last_name>Gonçalves</last_name>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Hudson</first_name>
      <last_name>Zanin</last_name>
    </author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19319">CARISSMA Institute of Electric, Connected and Secure Mobility (C-ECOS)</collection>
  </doc>
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    <id>1445</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>10</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>157</issue>
    <volume>2022</volume>
    <articleNumber>112078</articleNumber>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-02-24</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Blockchain review for battery supply chain monitoring and battery trading</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1879-0690</identifier>
    <note>Corrigendum verfügbar unter https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113844</note>
    <enrichment key="THI_articleversion">published</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112078</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Carlos Antônio</first_name>
      <last_name>Rufino Júnior</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Eleonora</first_name>
      <last_name>Riva Sanseverino</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Pierluigi</first_name>
      <last_name>Gallo</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Daniel</first_name>
      <last_name>Koch</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Hans-Georg</first_name>
      <last_name>Schweiger</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Hudson</first_name>
      <last_name>Zanin</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Second use</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reuse</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lithium-ion batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Second-life batteries</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blockchain</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electric vehicles</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Supply chain</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19311">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19319">CARISSMA Institute of Electric, Connected and Secure Mobility (C-ECOS)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26111">Schweiger, Hans-Georg</collection>
  </doc>
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    <id>4908</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>52</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>14</issue>
    <volume>17</volume>
    <articleNumber>3372</articleNumber>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
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    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2024-07-16</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Unraveling the Degradation Mechanisms of Lithium-Ion Batteries</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) usually present several degradation processes, which include their complex Solid-Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) formation process, which can result in mechanical, thermal, and chemical failures. The SEI layer is a protective layer that forms on the anode surface. The SEI layer allows the movement of lithium ions while blocking electrons, which is necessary to prevent short circuits in the battery and ensure safe operation. However, the SEI formation mechanisms reduce battery capacity and power as they consume electrolyte species, resulting in irreversible material loss. Furthermore, it is important to understand the degradation reactions of the LIBs used in Electric Vehicles (EVs), aiming to establish the battery lifespan, predict and minimise material losses, and establish an adequate time for replacement. Moreover, LIBs applied in EVs suffer from two main categories of degradation, which are, specifically, calendar degradation and cycling degradation. There are several studies about battery degradation available in the literature, including different degradation phenomena, but the degradation mechanisms of large-format LIBs have rarely been investigated. Therefore, this review aims to present a systematic review of the existing literature about LIB degradation, providing insight into the complex parameters that affect battery degradation mechanisms. Furthermore, this review has investigated the influence of time, C-rate, depth of discharge, working voltage window, thermal and mechanical stresses, and side reactions in the degradation of LIBs.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Energies</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1996-1073</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-49089</identifier>
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The SEI layer is a protective layer that forms on the anode surface. The SEI layer allows the movement of lithium ions while blocking electrons, which is necessary to prevent short circuits in the battery and ensure safe operation. However, the SEI formation mechanisms reduce battery capacity and power as they consume electrolyte species, resulting in irreversible material loss. Furthermore, it is important to understand the degradation reactions of the LIBs used in Electric Vehicles (EVs), aiming to establish the battery lifespan, predict and minimise material losses, and establish an adequate time for replacement. Moreover, LIBs applied in EVs suffer from two main categories of degradation, which are, specifically, calendar degradation and cycling degradation. There are several studies about battery degradation available in the literature, including different degradation phenomena, but the degradation mechanisms of large-format LIBs have rarely been investigated. 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    <author>
      <first_name>Carlos Antônio</first_name>
      <last_name>Rufino Júnior</last_name>
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    <author>
      <first_name>Eleonora</first_name>
      <last_name>Riva Sanseverino</last_name>
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      <first_name>Pierluigi</first_name>
      <last_name>Gallo</last_name>
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      <first_name>Murilo Machado</first_name>
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      <first_name>Daniel</first_name>
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      <first_name>Yash</first_name>
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      <first_name>Gero</first_name>
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      <first_name>Hans-Georg</first_name>
      <last_name>Schweiger</last_name>
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      <first_name>Hudson</first_name>
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    <pageNumber>16</pageNumber>
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    <issue>28</issue>
    <volume>2025</volume>
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    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
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    <completedDate>2025-11-12</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">A multidimensional assessment of electrification in automotive powertrains: Technical, operational, and strategic perspectives</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Global transportation is undergoing a profound transformation, driven by the convergence of decarbonization targets and advances in electrification technologies. Electrification, ranging from mild Hybrid Electric Vehicles (mHEVs) to Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), represents the main technological path in the transition from internal combustion engines. This transition is inherently multidimensional, simultaneously reshaping vehicle design, manufacturing systems, supply chains, customer value, and environmental outcomes in interconnected ways. Each architecture, including mHEV, Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), and BEV, presents different tradeoffs in these dimensions, requiring a structured framework for systematic comparison. To address this gap, this work details an integrated framework that systematically compares electrification pathways across five interrelated dimensions: vehicle concepts, research and development, manufacturing and logistics, customer experience, and environmental footprint. This framework culminates in a decision matrix that consolidates trade-offs into a practical SWOT based tool for strategic planning.</abstract>
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      <first_name>João Marcos</first_name>
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      <first_name>Carlos Antônio</first_name>
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      <first_name>Hans-Georg</first_name>
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