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  <doc>
    <id>1606</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>69</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>84</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>13</volume>
    <articleNumber/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Wien</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-03-01</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">An analytical model to determine the impact force of drone strikes</title>
    <abstract language="deu">In addition to the well-known threats of bird and hail strikes, small unmanned aerial vehicles (sUAV) pose a new threat to manned aviation. Determining the severity of collisions between sUAVs and aircraft structures is essential for the safe use and integration of drones in airspace. A generic analytical calculation model needs to be developed to supplement the existing test and simulation data. This paper presents an analytic model for drone collisions with perpendicular and inclined targets. The targets have a rigid or elastic material behavior. The aircraft impact model, which is used for the design of nuclear reactor structures, is transferred and adjusted for sUAV impacts to calculate the impact force. A mass- and a burst load distribution are needed as input parameters. Both distributions are determined for an sUAV design depending on the flight direction. Compared to previous calculations, the new approach is to consider a moving target structure, which produces more realistic results. We compare the calculation results with simulation data from sUAV collisions with a commercial airliner windshield from the literature. The calculations show plausible results and a good agreement with literature data. Subsequently, the influence of the input parameters on the impact force is investigated. We see that spring stiffness, target mass, burst load distribution and damping have minor influence on the overall impact force. The impact velocity, mass distribution and flight orientation on the other hand have a major influence on the impact force. Further tests are needed to validate the impact model.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">CEAS Aeronautical Journal</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1869-5590</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-16064</identifier>
    <enrichment key="THI_articleversion">published</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">ja</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-021-00552-4</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons BY 4.0</licence>
    <author>
      <first_name>Florian</first_name>
      <last_name>Franke</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Michael</first_name>
      <last_name>Schwab</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Uli</first_name>
      <last_name>Burger</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Hühne</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Drone collision</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Unmanned aerial vehicle</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Analytic approach</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Impact force</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Drone strike</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical calculation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="15985">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19319">CARISSMA Institute of Electric, Connected and Secure Mobility (C-ECOS)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26462">Burger, Uli</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-haw/files/1606/Franke2022_AnAnalyticalModelToDetermineTh.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1609</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>14</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <articleNumber/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Polish Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Warschau</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-03-01</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of impacts between unmanned aerial vehicle motors&#13;
and various targets</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Aerospace Europe Conference 2021</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://psaa.meil.pw.edu.pl/AEC2021/Papers/AEC_2021_111_Franke_Florian.pdf</identifier>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">Aerospace Europe Conference 2021, Warsaw (Poland), 23.-26.11.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Florian</first_name>
      <last_name>Franke</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Uli</first_name>
      <last_name>Burger</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Hühne</last_name>
    </author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="15985">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19319">CARISSMA Institute of Electric, Connected and Secure Mobility (C-ECOS)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26462">Burger, Uli</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1610</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>13</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <articleNumber/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS)</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Bonn</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-03-01</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Models and Methods for Drone Strike Load Predictions</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ICAS 2020/21 Proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-932182-91-4</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.icas.org/ICAS_ARCHIVE/ICAS2020/data/preview/ICAS2020_0019.htm</identifier>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">ICAS 2020/21: 32nd Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, Shanghai (China), 06.-10.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Florian</first_name>
      <last_name>Franke</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Uli</first_name>
      <last_name>Burger</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Hühne</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Drone collision</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Unmanned aerial vehicle</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Analytic approach</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Impact force</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FEM</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="15985">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19319">CARISSMA Institute of Electric, Connected and Secure Mobility (C-ECOS)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26462">Burger, Uli</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>3161</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>381</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>412</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>14</volume>
    <articleNumber/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Wien</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A novel reduced order model for drone impacts with aircraft structures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Small unmanned aerial vehicles are a threat for manned aviation. Their increased use by hobby pilots and within the commercial sector has been accompanied by an increase in incidents involving manned aircraft. The problem is that current aircraft structures are designed to resist collisions with birds. They are not designed to withstand drone impacts. The composition of drones differs significantly from previously known load cases. Drones consist of several components with various materials. This means, that there is no analytic model to determine the impact force of such drone strikes with aircraft structures. Within this work, a novel reduced order model for drone impacts is developed. It is validated with high velocity impact test data and explicit finite element simulations. The impact of fragmenting components of the drone are modelled with the aircraft impact model. The impact of non-fragmenting components like motors are described with a spring-mass model. The results show that the approach of superimposing a spring-mass model with the aircraft impact model leads to good results. In case of a rigid target only minor deviations occur within the validity range of the model. Damage and degradation of the target is not included in the model what leads to larger deviations in case of an impact with deformable structures. Nevertheless, the model is very well suited for rapid load estimation and can qualitatively reproduce contact force curves. It can be used for preliminary design of aircraft structures without conducting time and cost intensive tests and simulations.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">CEAS Aeronautical Journal</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1869-5590</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1869-5582</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-31615</identifier>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-023-00646-1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">ja</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_articleversion">published</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons BY 4.0</licence>
    <author>
      <first_name>Florian</first_name>
      <last_name>Franke</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Uli</first_name>
      <last_name>Burger</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Hühne</last_name>
    </author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Drone collision</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Unmanned aerial vehicle</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Analytic approach</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Impact force</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Drone strike</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical calculation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="15985">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="open_access" number="">open_access</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19319">CARISSMA Institute of Electric, Connected and Secure Mobility (C-ECOS)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26462">Burger, Uli</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-haw/files/3161/s13272-023-00646-1-1.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1608</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>14</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <articleNumber>AIAA 2022-2603</articleNumber>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>AIAA</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Reston</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-03-01</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Numerical Investigation of Drone Strikes with Various Aircraft Targets</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">AIAA SciTech 2022 Forum: January 3-7, 2022, San Diego, virtual</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-62410-631-6</identifier>
    <enrichment key="THI_review">peer-review</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_openaccess">nein</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_conferenceName">AIAA SciTech 2022 Forum, San Diego (USA) &amp; online, 03.-07.01.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="THI_relatedIdentifier">https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2603</enrichment>
    <author>
      <first_name>Florian</first_name>
      <last_name>Franke</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Thomas</first_name>
      <last_name>Slowik</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Uli</first_name>
      <last_name>Burger</last_name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <first_name>Christian</first_name>
      <last_name>Hühne</last_name>
    </author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="15985">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="19319">CARISSMA Institute of Electric, Connected and Secure Mobility (C-ECOS)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="26462">Burger, Uli</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
