@article{SchwerdSchulte2024, author = {Schwerd, Simon and Schulte, Axel}, title = {Triggering Cockpit Alerts Using an Eye-Tracking-Based Measure of Monitoring Performance}, volume = {14}, journal = {Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors}, number = {1}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {2192-0931}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000263}, pages = {22 -- 37}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This study explored the potential for enhancing pilot performance via an alerting system that adapts according to an eye-tracking-based measure of monitoring. The novel measure combines gaze analysis with system state assessment to estimate the pilot's understanding of the current system state. On this basis, an alerting system was developed to direct pilot attention to unnoticed system state changes, thereby improving system state monitoring. In a flight simulator study involving 10 participants in a generic jet cockpit, we compared the adaptive alerting system with a no-assistance condition. Although alerting improved the participants' performance in two tracking tasks, it adversely impacted performance in a third task. Nonetheless, alerting resulted in a decrease in both variance and mean detection time of critical changes. Participants' subjective ratings were generally positive, yet they criticized the lack of transparency of the alerting mechanism. Alerts triggered based on eye-tracking and system state show potential for improving operator task performance. Nonetheless, for the system to reach its full performance potential, it is critical that the operator understand the principles underlying the alert triggers. False positives and alert design were identified as key areas for improvement to maintain user trust and task flow.}, language = {en} } @article{MaksimovskiFestagFacchi2026, author = {Maksimovski, Daniel and Festag, Andreas and Facchi, Christian}, title = {Adaptive Message Generation Rules for V2X Maneuver Coordination Service}, volume = {14}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3652364}, pages = {6417 -- 6437}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Maneuver coordination enables connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) to collaboratively plan, negotiate, and execute driving maneuvers, aiming to enhance safety, traffic flow, and energy efficiency. As part of the Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication system, it operates as a dedicated service that relies on detailed, bidirectional interactions between vehicles, unlike traditional broadcast-based V2X services. While maneuver coordination is the focus of ongoing research and standardization, the rules that govern when and how vehicles generate Maneuver Coordination Messages (MCMs) within the Maneuver Coordination Service (MCS) are still not fully defined. These rules are essential for ensuring timely and reliable coordination. This paper proposes three adaptive MCM generation strategies based on the operation mode of the MCS, maneuver priority, and current channel load. The first approach defines MCM rules for intent sharing, maneuver negotiation, and execution phases, factoring in maneuver importance. The second adjusts the frequency of intent MCMs when a negotiation message is received from another vehicle. The third adapts frequency based on real-time channel load during intent sharing. For comparison, two baseline strategies are also evaluated. The proposed rules are tested for highway merging and lane change use cases in traffic scenarios with increasing vehicle density and high channel loads. A comprehensive evaluation is conducted using metrics related to the network, message generation frequency, congestion control, and maneuver coordination. The results demonstrate significantly enhanced channel efficiency and communication reliability across all metrics. For example, under the final approach, maneuver negotiation time is reduced by a factor of five in congested V2X environments.}, language = {en} } @article{ReuthlingerSinha2025, author = {Reuthlinger, Eva and Sinha, Tanja}, title = {Impact Investing from an European Perspective - Do Good and Earn Money?}, volume = {14}, journal = {Copernican Journal of Finance \& Accounting}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nicolaus Copernicus University}, address = {Toruń}, issn = {2300-3065}, doi = {http://dx.doi. org/10.12775/CJFA.2025.005}, pages = {87 -- 109}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Impact Investing provides a promising way to fund sustainable development while balancing financial, social, and environmental goals. This study compares the performance of Impact, Conventional, and ESG Portfolios in the European stock market over more than 10 years, using Markowitz Optimization and Naive Diversification. The findings show that Impact Portfolios yield the highest returns, without sacrificing financial performance when integrating sustainability criteria that go beyond the classical ESG investing.}, language = {en} } @article{ZieherOlcayKefferpuetzetal.2024, author = {Zieher, Simon and Olcay, Ertug and Kefferp{\"u}tz, Klaus and Salamat, Babak and Olzem, Sebastian-Sven and Elsbacher, Gerhard and Meeß, Henri}, title = {Drones for automated parcel delivery: Use case identification and derivation of technical requirements}, volume = {2024}, pages = {101253}, journal = {Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives}, number = {28}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2590-1982}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2024.101253}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Drone-based parcel delivery is a rapidly growing domain posing many technological and operational challenges. Drone technologies have been under increasing levels of investigation and development over the past years. Since the realization of drone-based delivery can only be economically feasible at large scales, it requires processes that address the outstanding challenges holistically. However, the majority of research focuses on individual aspects such as environmental perception, route planning, operational design, and business models without addressing the challenges in the overall system. This paper conducts a quantitative analysis of the requirements for identified use cases that are considered relevant for the upcoming future. We provide a comprehensive technology overview and derive requirements and specifications for the targeted use cases that are not fulfilled by the current state-of-the-art. The use cases are not only related to last-mile delivery but also long-distance (hub-to-hub) logistics as well as courier and express delivery.}, language = {en} } @article{SalamatElsbacherTonelloetal.2023, author = {Salamat, Babak and Elsbacher, Gerhard and Tonello, Andrea M. and Belzner, Lenz}, title = {Model-Free Distributed Reinforcement Learning State Estimation of a Dynamical System Using Integral Value Functions}, volume = {2}, journal = {IEEE Open Journal of Control Systems}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, issn = {2694-085X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2023.3250089}, pages = {70 -- 78}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @article{SalamatYaghmaeiElsbacheretal.2023, author = {Salamat, Babak and Yaghmaei, Abolfazl and Elsbacher, Gerhard and Tonello, Andrea M. and Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Javad}, title = {An Innovative Control Design Procedure for Under-Actuated Mechanical Systems: Emphasizing Potential Energy Shaping and Structural Preservation}, volume = {2}, journal = {IEEE Open Journal of Control Systems}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {2694-085X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2023.3320512}, pages = {356 -- 365}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In this paper, we propose a procedure to solve the controlled design for a class of underactuated mechanical systems. Our proposed method can be viewed as a sub-method of the IDA-PBC or Controlled Lagrangian approaches, with a particular focus on shaping the potential energy. By emphasizing potential energy shaping, we can effectively tackle the bottleneck presented by the matching equation in these approaches. Moreover, our method leverages a suitable coordinate transformation that is inspired by the physics of the system, further enhancing its efficacy. Therefore, our design procedure is based on a coordinate transformation plus potential energy shaping in the new coordinates, and its existence and possibility of potential energy shaping can be verified via some algebraic calculations, making it constructive. To illustrate the results, we consider the cart-pole system and a recently introduced underactuated mechanical system named swash mass pendulum (SMP) [1]. The SMP consists of a pendulum made of a rigid shaft connected to a pair of cross-shafts where two swash masses can move under the action of servo-mechanisms.}, language = {en} } @article{SalamatOlzemElsbacheretal.2024, author = {Salamat, Babak and Olzem, Sebastian-Sven and Elsbacher, Gerhard and Tonello, Andrea M.}, title = {Global Multi-Phase Path Planning Through High-Level Reinforcement Learning}, volume = {3}, journal = {IEEE Open Journal of Control Systems}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, issn = {2694-085X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2024.3435080}, pages = {405 -- 415}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In this paper, we introduce the Global Multi-Phase Path Planning ( GMP3 ) algorithm in planner problems, which computes fast and feasible trajectories in environments with obstacles, considering physical and kinematic constraints. Our approach utilizes a Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework and high-level reinforcement learning techniques to ensure trajectory smoothness, continuity, and compliance with constraints. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate the algorithm's effectiveness and efficiency across various scenarios. We highlight existing path planning challenges, particularly in integrating dynamic adaptability and computational efficiency. The results validate our method's convergence guarantees using Lyapunov's stability theorem and underscore its computational advantages.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RodriguezArozamenaMatutePerezetal.2025, author = {Rodr{\´i}guez-Arozamena, Mario and Matute, Jose and P{\´e}rez, Joshu{\´e} and Ozbay, Burcu and Tezcan, Deryanur and Begecarslan, Enes and Mutlukaya, Irem and Mayer, Kevin and Volkersdorfer, Tina and Hof, Hans-Joachim}, title = {A Fail-Safe Decision Architecture for CCAM Applications}, booktitle = {Transport Transitions: Advancing Sustainable and Inclusive Mobility, Proceedings of the 10th TRA Conference, 2024 Dublin, Ireland - Volume 6: Connected Mobility Ecosystems}, editor = {McNally, Ciaran and Carroll, P{\´a}raic and Martinez-Pastor, Beatriz and Ghosh, Bidisha and Efthymiou, Marina and Valantasis-Kanellos, Nikolaos}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-032-06763-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06763-0_104}, pages = {731 -- 737}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In the context of Connected, Cooperative, and Automated Mobility (CCAM), precise ego-vehicle positioning and environmental status assessment are crucial. However, these tasks can be susceptible to sensor failures, misuse, and cyberattacks. Automation disengagements and system redundancy are common strategies to achieve Minimum Risk Conditions when failures occur. This paper presents a Fail-Safe decision architecture formulated within the framework of the SELFY project (https://selfy-project.eu/). The main aim is to reduce inaccuracies in GNSS-derived positioning through the incorporation of sensor fusion, AI-guided situational assessment, trajectory planning, and mode decision components. Additionally, the architecture has been designed to enable real-time updates and communication with external entities, including the Vehicle Security Operations Centre.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NietoOtaeguiPanouetal.2025, author = {Nieto, Marcos and Otaegui, Oihana and Panou, Maria and Birkner, Christian and Vaculin, Ondrej and Rodr{\´i}guez, Ariadna}, title = {AWARE2ALL: Human Centric Interaction and Safety Systems for Increasing the Share of Automated Vehicles}, booktitle = {Transport Transitions: Advancing Sustainable and Inclusive Mobility, Proceedings of the 10th TRA Conference, 2024, Dublin, Ireland-Volume 1: Safe and Equitable Transport}, editor = {McNally, Ciaran and Carroll, P{\´a}raic and Martinez-Pastor, Beatriz and Ghosh, Bidisha and Efthymiou, Marina and Valantasis-Kanellos, Nikolaos}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-88974-5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-88974-5_112}, pages = {779 -- 785}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The AWARE2ALL project is designed to address the new challenges of Highly Automated Vehicles (HAVs) from a human-centric perspective. These vehicles will allow occupants to engage in non-driving activities, rising research questions about occupant behavior, activities, and Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) to keep them aware of the situation and the automation mode. The project aims to ensure safe operation of HAVs by developing safety and HMI systems that provide a holistic understanding of the scene. This includes continuous monitoring of the interior situation and advanced passive safety systems for occupant safety, as well as a surround perception system and external HMI for the safety of Human Road Users (HRUs). AWARE2ALL is paving the way for HAV deployment by effectively addressing changes in road safety and interactions between different road users caused by the emergence of HAVs. It is developing innovative technologies, assessment tools, and methodologies to adapt to new scenarios in mixed traffic. The project builds on previous research and aims to mitigate new safety risks associated with the introduction of HAVs.}, language = {en} } @book{FleischmannSchmidtStaryetal.2012, author = {Fleischmann, Albert and Schmidt, Werner and Stary, Christian and Obermeier, Stefan and B{\"o}rger, Egon}, title = {Subject-Oriented Business Process Management}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-642-32392-8}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32392-8}, pages = {XVI, 376}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Activities performed in organizations are coordinated via communication between the people involved. The sentences used to communicate are naturally structured by subject, verb, and object. The subject describes the actor, the verb the action and the object what is affected by the action. Subject-oriented Business Process Management (S-BPM) as presented in this book is based on this simple structure which enables process-oriented thinking and process modeling. S-BPM puts the subject of a process at the center of attention and thus deals with business processes and their organizational environment from a new perspective, meeting organizational requirements in a much better way than traditional approaches. Subjects represent agents of an action in a process, which can be either technical or human (e.g. a thread in an IT system or a clerk). A process structures the actions of each subject and coordinates the required communication among the subjects. S-BPM provides a coherent procedural framework to model and analyze business processes: its focus is the cooperation of all stakeholders involved in the strategic, tactical, and operational issues, sharing their knowledge in a networked structure. The authors illustrate how each modeling activity through the whole development lifecycle can be supported through the use of appropriate software tools. The presentation style focuses on professionals in industry, and on students specializing in process management or organizational modeling. Each chapter begins with a summary of key findings and is full of examples, hints, and possible pitfalls. An interpreter model, a toolbox, and a glossary summarizing the main terms complete the book.}, language = {en} } @article{GelnerRotheKykaletal.2022, author = {Gelner, Alexander and Rothe, Dieter and Kykal, Carsten and Irwin, Martin and Sommer, Alessandro and Pastoetter, Christian and H{\"a}rtl, Martin and Jaensch, Malte and Wachtmeister, Georg}, title = {Particle emissions of a heavy-duty engine fueled with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME)}, volume = {2}, journal = {Environmental Science: Atmospheres}, number = {2}, publisher = {RSC}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {2634-3606}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EA00084E}, pages = {291 -- 304}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME) are promising substitutes for fossil diesel fuel. Besides the possibility of closing the carbon cycle, OME also feature soot-free combustion. Although this has been demonstrated sufficiently, nanoparticle emission in OME exhaust is mainly unknown. Many studies provide information about the particle size distribution (PSD) in the exhaust of OME-fueled diesel engines, but lack a distinction between solid particles and particles of a volatile nature. This distinction is necessary in order to evaluate the potential of OME regarding Euro VI and the Euro VII exhaust gas legislation being discussed. This study investigates the PSD of fossil diesel and the OME exhaust of a heavy-duty engine with and without removal of the volatile fraction via a catalytic stripper, by means of a purpose-built sampling system based on proposals from the Particle Measurement Programme (PMP). The experiments showed that most of the nuclei mode investigated in OME operation is of a volatile nature and that the solid particle number (PN) emission is below that of Euro VI diesel operation. Moreover, the results indicate that a state-of-the-art aftertreatment system removes most of the particle emission, regardless of whether it is volatile or solid. Selective catalytic reduction using aqueous urea dosing increases solid particle emission, especially in the sub-23 nm range. However, a PMP-conformant measurement of PN23 and PN10 during WHSC and WHTC runs demonstrated that the PN emission of an OME-fueled engine falls below the average immission level of urban and regional background in Germany.}, language = {en} } @article{GelnerPangWeberetal.2022, author = {Gelner, Alexander and Pang, Genny A. and Weber, Markus and Haisch, Christoph and Beck, Harald A. and Pastoetter, Christian and H{\"a}rtl, Martin and Jaensch, Malte and Wachtmeister, Georg}, title = {Gaseous emissions of a heavy-duty engine fueled with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME) in transient cold-start operation and methods for after-treatment system heating}, volume = {1}, journal = {Environmental Science: Advances}, number = {4}, publisher = {RSC}, address = {London}, issn = {2754-7000}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1039/D2VA00080F}, pages = {470 -- 482}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME) are promising e-fuels for diesel engines, combining carbon-neutral production and low-emission engine operation by virtue of soot-free combustion. The emissions of diesel engines fueled with OME and in blends with diesel have been studied extensively using single-cylinder research engines under laboratory conditions. Emissions from a series engine using an exhaust after-treatment system (ATS) - especially in cold-start operation - are largely unexplored. This study presents investigations conducted using a heavy-duty engine with ATS in a transient driving cycle including cold-start operation. Measurements from a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) showed that formaldehyde and formic acid form the largest proportion of the monitored tailpipe exhaust emissions due to incomplete combustion in cold-start operation, as long as the catalysts are below their light-off temperature. Non-target screening using a mass spectrometer for online characterization of both gaseous and aerosol exhaust revealed that unburned OME accounts for the majority of gaseous emissions of heavy species in raw exhaust, independent of cold- or hot-start. The ATS removes OME in the exhaust equally in the cold and the hot run. Additionally, this study presents results with specific measures taken for ATS heating such as electrical heating and fuel dosing - demonstrating that electrical heating in combination with an early start of fuel dosing reduces nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in the transient driving cycle by 64.9\%, but at the cost of an increase in formaldehyde emission of 58.3\%. A later start of fuel dosing avoids this increase and reduces NOx emissions by 61.8\%.}, language = {en} } @article{OetterProellSievertetal.2024, author = {Oetter, Nicolai and Pr{\"o}ll, Jonas and Sievert, Matti and Goncalves, Miguel and Rohde, Maximilian and Nobis, Christopher-Philipp and Knipfer, Christian and Aubreville, Marc and Pan, Zhaoya and Breininger, Katharina and Maier, Andreas and Kesting, Marco and Stelzle, Florian}, title = {Oral mucosa - an examination map for confocal laser endomicroscopy within the oral cavity: an experimental clinical study}, volume = {28}, pages = {266}, journal = {Clinical Oral Investigations}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1436-3771}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-024-05664-9}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Objectives Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an optical method that enables microscopic visualization of oral mucosa. Previous studies have shown that it is possible to differentiate between physiological and malignant oral mucosa. However, differences in mucosal architecture were not taken into account. The objective was to map the different oral mucosal morphologies and to establish a "CLE map" of physiological mucosa as baseline for further application of this powerful technology. Materials and methods The CLE database consisted of 27 patients. The following spots were examined: (1) upper lip (intraoral) (2) alveolar ridge (3) lateral tongue (4) floor of the mouth (5) hard palate (6) intercalary line. All sequences were examined by two CLE experts for morphological differences and video quality. Results Analysis revealed clear differences in image quality and possibility of depicting tissue morphologies between the various localizations of oral mucosa: imaging of the alveolar ridge and hard palate showed visually most discriminative tissue morphology. Labial mucosa was also visualized well using CLE. Here, typical morphological features such as uniform cells with regular intercellular gaps and vessels could be clearly depicted. Image generation and evaluation was particularly difficult in the area of the buccal mucosa, the lateral tongue and the floor of the mouth. Conclusion A physiological "CLE map" for the entire oral cavity could be created for the first time. Clinical relevance This will make it possible to take into account the existing physiological morphological features when differentiating between normal mucosa and oral squamous cell carcinoma in future work.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MulicCepragaGavlitchii2022, author = {Mulic, Andrei and Cepraga, Marcel and Gavlitchii, Daniil}, title = {Aplicarea inovațiilor {\^i}n optimizarea gestiunii investițiilor la nivelul micro și macroeconomic}, booktitle = {Culegere de articole: Conferinţa știinţifică internaţională, "Paradigme moderne {\^i}n dezvoltarea economiei naţionale {\c{s}}i mondiale"}, publisher = {CEP USM}, address = {Chișinău}, isbn = {978-9975-62-488-6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7543601}, pages = {129 -- 132}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Actuality of the research topic is conditioned by the importance of investment management in the financial management of economic entities. Maintaining the dominant positions in the top of the best performing enterprises at national and international level can be achieved by applying innovations in improving investment management. The research topic aims are to define the models and principles of directing existing investments in world theory and practice and to implement innovations in investment management at the micro-economic level. The purpose and objectives of the research are to the concept of investment and their classification as well as to study the world practice of training and management of portfolio and capital investments. Determine the particularities of the formation of the optimal portfolio structure, the cost-effectiveness-risk relationship and the method of combating the risk of an investment portfolio. And applying innovations in solving the problems of training, management and combating investment risk. In order to achieve the purpose and objectives of the research, the methods of analysis and research that we have used: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, observation, generalization, the complex and systemic methodological approach of contemporary economic concepts. An important contribution was made by the experts Ulrike B. And Radeke J. From the German Economic team Moldova and the economists from Expert Group, who served as guidance and guidance point throughout the entire study, having at their core essential works that contributed enormously to the consolidation of the research level of that work. The results of the research would allow the identification and understanding of the functioning of a system of training and application of innovations in the process of improvement of the investment management of enterprises in the Republic of Moldova.}, language = {mul} } @book{OPUS4-5673, title = {S-BPM in the Wild}, subtitle = {Practical Value Creation}, editor = {Fleischmann, Albert and Schmidt, Werner and Stary, Christian}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-319-17542-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17542-3}, pages = {XIV, 283}, year = {2015}, abstract = {This is the first book to present field studies on the application of subject-oriented business process management (S-BPM). Each case presents a specific story and focuses on an essential modeling or implementation issue, and most end with implications or suggestions for further studies. Significant variables and success factors are identified that were discovered during the respective study and lead to suggesting S-BPM novelties. For each case, the authors explain step-by-step how the story develops, and provide readers guidance by detailing the respective rationale.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Feucht2023, author = {Feucht, Thilo}, title = {Additive Fertigung von Anschlusselementen im Stahlbau mit dem Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing}, publisher = {Technische Universit{\"a}t Darmstadt}, address = {Darmstadt}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-57507}, pages = {196 Seiten in verschiedenen Z{\"a}hlungen}, school = {Technische Universit{\"a}t Darmstadt}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, wie stahlbau{\"u}bliche Anschlusselemente mittels Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) gefertigt werden k{\"o}nnen. Die Motivation liegt darin, die heutzutage weiterhin {\"u}bliche h{\"a}ndische und zeitaufwendige Baugruppenfertigung durch einen vollautomatisierten Produktionsschritt zu ersetzen, indem die Anschlusselemente direkt auf Stahltr{\"a}ger additiv gefertigt werden. Die Grundlagen und Besonderheiten des WAAM werden daf{\"u}r erl{\"a}utert und beschrieben. Zur Erm{\"o}glichung eines WAAM-gerechten Konstruierens werden Lehrs{\"a}tze im Sinne einer wissenschaftlichen Aussage formuliert. Mit dem pr{\"a}sentierten 8-schrittigen Optimierungsprozess werden die Strukturen der Anschlusselemente ermittelt, sodass das Material statisch optimal ausgenutzt wird und gleichzeitig eine schnelle und fehlerfreie Fertigung gelingt. Im Optimierungsprozess werden die numerische Topologieoptimerung sowie die numerische Traglastanalyse genutzt. Drei Anschlusselemente (Tr{\"a}gerhaken, Lasteinleitungssteife, Spannelement) werden bespielhaft optimiert. Im darauffolgenden Kapitel werden f{\"u}r jene Anschlusselemente geeignete Fertigungsstrategien erarbeitet und die Fertigung mit dem WAAM beschrieben. Die Tragf{\"a}higkeit der Anschlusselemente wird in zerst{\"o}renden Versuchen ermittelt und abschließend in einem Auswertungskapitel mit den numerischen Tragf{\"a}higkeiten verglichen.}, language = {de} } @article{AmmelingGanzRosbachetal.2026, author = {Ammeling, Jonas and Ganz, Jonathan and Rosbach, Emely and Lausser, Ludwig and Bertram, Christof and Breininger, Katharina and Aubreville, Marc}, title = {Benchmarking Foundation Models for Mitotic Figure Classification}, volume = {3}, pages = {2026:003}, journal = {Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging}, number = {MELBA-BVM 2025 Special Issue}, publisher = {Melba editors}, address = {[s. l.]}, issn = {2766-905X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.59275/j.melba.2026-a3eb}, pages = {38 -- 55}, year = {2026}, abstract = {The performance of deep learning models is known to scale with data quantity and diversity. In pathology, as in many other medical imaging domains, the availability of labeled images for a specific task is often limited. Self-supervised learning techniques have enabled the use of vast amounts of unlabeled data to train large-scale neural networks, i.e., foundation models, that can address the limited data problem by providing semantically rich feature vectors that can generalize well to new tasks with minimal training effort increasing model performance and robustness. In this work, we investigate the use of foundation models for mitotic figure classification. The mitotic count, which can be derived from this classification task, is an independent prognostic marker for specific tumors and part of certain tumor grading systems. In particular, we investigate the data scaling laws on multiple current foundation models and evaluate their robustness to unseen tumor domains. Next to the commonly used linear probing paradigm, we also adapt the models using low-rank adaptation (LoRA) of their attention mechanisms. We compare all models against end-to-end-trained baselines, both CNNs and Vision Transformers. Our results demonstrate that LoRA-adapted foundation models provide superior performance to those adapted with standard linear probing, reaching performance levels close to 100 \% data availability with only 10 \% of training data. Furthermore, LoRA-adaptation of the most recent foundation models almost closes the out-of-domain performance gap when evaluated on unseen tumor domains. However, full fine-tuning of traditional architectures still yields competitive performance.}, language = {en} } @article{MohanSchoen2026, author = {Mohan, Adithya and Sch{\"o}n, Torsten}, title = {Toward Robust Agents: A Survey of Adversarial Attacks and Defenses in Deep Reinforcement Learning}, volume = {14}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3657855}, pages = {14481 -- 14497}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has demonstrated remarkable success in autonomous decision-making across diverse domains, including robotics, autonomous driving, and game playing. However, recent studies have uncovered a critical vulnerability: DRL agents are highly susceptible to adversarial attacks that can significantly degrade their performance or lead to catastrophic failure. These attacks exploit different components of the learning pipeline observations, actions, rewards, and policies exposing new challenges unique to DRL compared to supervised learning. This survey provides a comprehensive examination of adversarial threats and corresponding defense mechanisms within the DRL paradigm. This also aims to serve as a foundational reference for researchers and practitioners seeking to understand and mitigate adversarial vulnerabilities in DRL.}, language = {en} } @inbook{SprogiesSchmidt2015, author = {Sprogies, Marc and Schmidt, Werner}, title = {Introducing S-BPM at an IT Service Providers}, booktitle = {S-BPM in the Wild: Practical Value Creation}, editor = {Fleischmann, Albert and Schmidt, Werner and Stary, Christian}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-319-17542-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17542-3_4}, pages = {55 -- 74}, year = {2015}, abstract = {IT Service consumers have a clear idea of agile, flexible and transparent service processes to quickly get their needs satisfied. For an IT service provider like WK EDV GmbH this arises the challenge of designing its procedures adequately. For that reason WK decided to consolidate and optimize their service processes. It ran a pilot project to analyze, redesign and newly implement the software deployment process which is part of their overall Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) process. The project team applied Subject-oriented Business Process Management (S-BPM) as methodology and the Metasonic Suite as the respective software toolset in order to gain insights into and experience with the S-BPM environment. This contribution reports on the course of the project, the results and the learnings.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{SalamatMatternOlzemetal.2025, author = {Salamat, Babak and Mattern, Dominik and Olzem, Sebastian-Sven and Elsbacher, Gerhard and Seidel, Christian and Tonello, Andrea M.}, title = {GMP3: Learning-Driven, Bellman-Guided Trajectory Planning for UAVs in Real-Time on SE(3)}, publisher = {arXiv}, address = {Ithaca}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.21264}, year = {2025}, abstract = {We propose GMP3, a multiphase global path planning framework that generates dynamically feasible three-dimensional trajectories for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating in cluttered environments. The framework extends traditional path planning from Euclidean position spaces to the Lie group SE(3), allowing joint learning of translational motion and rotational dynamics. A modified Bellman-based operator is introduced to support reinforcement learning (RL) policy updates while leveraging prior trajectory information for improved convergence. GMP3 is designed as a distributed framework in which agents influence each other and share policy information along the trajectory: each agent refines its assigned segment and shares with its neighbors via a consensus-based scheme, enabling cooperative policy updates and convergence toward a path shaped globally even under kinematic constraints. We also propose DroneManager, a modular ground control software that interfaces the planner with real UAV platforms via the MAVLink protocol, supporting real-time deployment and feedback. Simulation studies and indoor flight experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in constrained 3D environments, demonstrating reliable obstacle avoidance and smooth, feasible trajectories across both position and orientation. The open-source implementation is available at https://github.com/Domattee/DroneManager.}, language = {en} } @article{KreilingerZottHemmertetal.2026, author = {Kreilinger, Laurens and Zott, Stefan and Hemmert, Werner and Karg, Sonja}, title = {Dry electrode impedance: a new approach towards improved characterization}, volume = {12}, pages = {025005}, journal = {Biomedical Physics \& Engineering Express}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {2057-1976}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ae3e9c}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Electrode-skin impedance plays a crucial role in electrophysiological signal acquisition, influencing signal quality and measurement reliability. We designed a reproducibility measurement setup, using a membrane with a saline solution and a three-electrode Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy measurement setup (range 1 Hz-20 kHz), to mimic the electrode-skin impedance. The system allowed controlled application of pressure to the working electrode (WE) and measurement of all setup parameters. With this setup, reproducible results were achieved, with a standard deviation of 5.5\% of the mean impedance across three builds. Potentiostatic and impedance analyzer measurements with six types of dry electrodes produced comparable results, with an average error of 10\%. The six dry electrode types exhibited impedance variations of up to a factor of 10,000 at low frequencies, depending on material and geometry. Ag/AgCl-coated electrodes exhibited an impedance reduction by a factor of 100 at 1 Hz compared to their uncoated counterparts. The proposed setup provides a standardized and reproducible approach for characterizing electrode impedance across different materials, coatings, and geometries.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JimenezReyesdelosMozosPereaPanosetal.2025, author = {Jimenez, Victor and Reyes de los Mozos, Mario and Perea Pa{\~n}os, Pau and Fritzsche, Paula Cecilia and Mayer, Kevin and Volkersdorfer, Tina and Hof, Hans-Joachim and Couturier, Christophe and Ernst, Thierry and Zhang, Miao and Saied Mohamed, Mohamed and Rodr{\´i}guez-Arozamena, Mario and Aranguren-Mendieta, I{\~n}igo and P{\´e}rez, Joshu{\´e} and Jousse, Adrien and Murguia, Carlos and van de Wouw, Nathan and Bellessort, Romain and Salami, Behzad and Jevtić, Aleksandar and Bannour, Boutheina and Rodr{\´i}guez Recasens, Manel and Ropero, Isaac and Ozbay, Burcu and Eren, Ali and Bektas, Mustafa and Tezcan, Deryanur and Pilz, Christoph and Haas, Sarah and Lenz, Gernot}, title = {SELFY - Self Assessment, Protection and Healing Tools for a Trustworthy and Resilient CCAM}, booktitle = {Transport Transitions: Advancing Sustainable and Inclusive Mobility, Proceedings of the 10th TRA Conference, 2024 Dublin, Ireland - Volume 6: Connected Mobility Ecosy}, editor = {McNally, Ciaran and Carroll, P{\´a}raic and Martinez-Pastor, Beatriz and Ghosh, Bidisha and Efthymiou, Marina and Valantasis-Kanellos, Nikolaos}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-032-06763-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06763-0_106}, pages = {745 -- 751}, year = {2025}, abstract = {SELFY envisions an agnostic toolbox for the self-management of security and resilience of the CCAM (Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mobility) ecosystem, which can be easily deployed to extend the current Operational Design Domain (ODD), providing self-awareness, self-resilience and self-healing mechanisms and enhancing trust between stakeholders. SELFY is based on four pillars: Situational awareness, Resilience, Secure Data Sharing and Trust and provides three groups of tools. SACP (Situational Awareness and Collaborative Perception) tools aim at providing all CCAM actors with a comprehensive understanding of their environment, i.e., the perception of objects, such as other traffic participants and stationary objects. CRHS (Cooperative Resilience and Healing System) tools enable self-protection actions whenever a compromising situation is detected in relation to assets, vehicles, operations, or the system itself. TDMS (Trust and Data Management System) tools establish a secure and trusted environment for data in a collaborative and cooperative context, both for infrastructure and assets, as well as for citizen's data, such as drivers or pedestrians with special attention to privacy considerations. By defining a collaborative environment between the different tools to respond to new threats, risks and attacks SELFY facilitates the comprehension of new challenges in the cybersecurity aspect of CCAMs.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JimenezReyesdelosMozosPereaPanosetal.2024, author = {Jimenez, Victor and Reyes de los Mozos, Mario and Perea Pa{\~n}os, Pau and Fritzsche, Paula Cecilia and Mayer, Kevin and Volkersdorfer, Tina and Hof, Hans-Joachim and Couturier, Christophe and Ernst, Thierry and Zhang, Miao and Saied Mohamed, Mohamed and Rodr{\´i}guez-Arozamena, Mario and Aranguren-Mendieta, I{\~n}igo and P{\´e}rez, Joshu{\´e} and Jousse, Adrien and Murguia, Carlos and van de Wouw, Nathan and Bellessort, Romain and Salami, Behzad and Jevtić, Aleksandar and Bannour, Boutheina and Rodr{\´i}guez Recasens, Manel and Ropero, Isaac and Ozbay, Burcu and Eren, Ali and Bektas, Mustafa and Tezcan, Deryanur and Pilz, Christoph and Haas, Sarah and Lenz, Gernot}, title = {SELFY - Self Assessment, Protection \& Healing Tools for a Trustworthy and Resilient CCAM}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Transport Research Arena (TRA2024) Conference}, publisher = {Zenodo}, address = {Genf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10978183}, year = {2024}, abstract = {SELFY envisions an agnostic toolbox for the self-management of se-curity and resilience of the CCAM (Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mo-bility) ecosystem, which can be easily deployed to extend the current Operational Design Domain (ODD), providing self-awareness, self-resilience and self-heal-ing mechanisms and enhancing trust between stakeholders. SELFY is based on four pillars: Situational awareness, Resilience, Secure Data Sharing and Trust and provides three groups of tools. SACP (Situational Awareness and Collabo-rative Perception) tools aim at providing all CCAM actors with a comprehensive understanding of their environment, i.e., the perception of objects, such as other traffic participants and stationary objects. CRHS (Cooperative Resilience and Healing System) tools enable self-protection actions whenever a compromising situation is detected in relation to assets, vehicles, operations, or the system itself. TDMS (Trust and Data Management System) tools establish a secure and trusted environment for data in a collaborative and cooperative context, both for infra-structure and assets, as well as for citizen's data, such as drivers or pedestrians with special attention to privacy considerations. By defining a collaborative en-vironment between the different tools to respond to new threats, risks and attacks SELFY facilitates the comprehension of new challenges in the cybersecurity as-pect of CCAMs.}, language = {en} } @article{GleissnerKotonski2025, author = {Gleißner, Christian and Kotonski, Julia}, title = {The classification of rigid torus quotients with canonical singularities in dimension three}, volume = {36}, journal = {Rendiconti Lincei: Matematica e Applicazioni}, number = {2}, publisher = {EMS Press}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1720-0768}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4171/RLM/1070}, pages = {315 -- 352}, year = {2025}, abstract = {We provide a fine classification of rigid 3-dimensional torus quotients with isolated canonical singularities, up to biholomorphism and diffeomorphism. This complements the classification of Calabi-Yau 3-folds of type III0​, which are those quotients with Gorenstein singularities.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RadtkeHuberBock2023, author = {Radtke, Maximilian-Peter and Huber, Marco F. and Bock, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Increasing Robustness of Data-Driven Fault Diagnostics with Knowledge Graphs}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Annual Conferenceof the PHM Society 2023}, editor = {Kulkarni, Chetan S. and Roychoudhury, Indranil}, publisher = {PHM Society}, address = {Rochester}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.36001/phmconf.2023.v15i1.3552}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In the realm of prognostics and health management (PHM), it is common to possess not only process data but also domain knowledge, which, if integrated into data-driven algorithms, can aid in solving specific tasks. This paper explores the integration of knowledge graphs (KGs) into deep learning models to develop a more resilient approach capable of handling domain shifts, such as variations in machine operating conditions. We present and assess a KG-enhanced deep learning approach in a representative PHM use case, demonstrating its effectiveness by incorporating domain-invariant knowledge through the KG. Furthermore, we provide guidance for constructing a comprehensive hierarchical KG representation that preserves semantic information while facilitating numerical representation. The experimental results showcase the improved performance and domain shift robustness of the KG-enhanced approach in fault diagnostics.}, language = {en} } @article{DaSilvaJuniorMuellerBirkneretal.2026, author = {Da Silva Junior, Amauri and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Birkner, Christian and Jazar, Reza and Marzbani, Hormoz}, title = {Fault Tolerant Control With Reinforcement Learning for Evasive Maneuvers Using a Scaled Vehicle}, volume = {14}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3661179}, pages = {21353 -- 21383}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Autonomous vehicle controllers are responsible for handling the vehicle at all times in any situation, including emergency conditions. An emergency might arise from, e.g., adverse weather conditions, short-time detection, and system faults. In this paper, we develop a fault-tolerant controller to handle actuator faults for an over-actuated autonomous vehicle based on reinforcement learning. A worst-case scenario is selected for the controller development, involving short-time detection of the preceding objects, high velocity, and dry to wet road conditions. The design of the vehicle controller is performed in three steps. First, a robust controller based on sliding mode control with lateral and longitudinal coupled strategy was built to ensure stability in emergency scenarios. Secondly, a strategy was proposed to identify the most critical vehicle faults that might lead to a crash. Building on these foundations, this study extends the vehicle controller to handle vehicle faults with a reinforcement learning strategy, enabling adaptive and robust fault handling in complex fault scenarios. The vehicle controller is designed and optimized in IPG-Carmaker®, and proof of concept is carried out in a scaled 1:3.33 test vehicle. The results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed controller in an emergency single-lane change with a velocity of up to 130 km/h. Tests in the scaled vehicle demonstrate the vehicle controller's accuracy against simulation, with the application of reinforcement learning strategy in real-case scenarios.}, language = {en} } @article{VogtMuellerKampaetal.2021, author = {Vogt, Anna and Mueller, Ralph and Kampa, Thomas and Stark, Rainer and Großmann, Daniel}, title = {Concept and architecture for information exchange between digital twins of the product (CPS) and the production system (CPPS)}, journal = {Procedia CIRP}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2212-8271}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.11.217}, pages = {1292 -- 1297}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The Digital Twin concept and CPS- and IIoT-based approaches are increasingly important topics concerning future Industry 4.0 architectures. They offer high potential for dynamical aspects in intelligent production planning and control as well as part traceability and documentation. Standardized information exchange is an upcoming requirement among the whole supply chain. This paper presents a concept for a Digital Twin architecture based on motor production in the automotive industry. The key aspect is an information exchange structure for Digital Twins of products and production systems that are combined using principles of Dynamic Aggregation.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{DoenmezTejerodelaPiedraKloseetal.2026, author = {D{\"o}nmez, {\"O}mer and Tejero de la Piedra, Ricardo and Klose, Simona and Riolet, Matthieu and Rozek, Lukas and Vaculin, Ondrej and Hach, Christian}, title = {Approach for Passive Safety Assessment of Rearward-Sitting Occupants}, publisher = {Zenodo}, address = {Genf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18338626}, year = {2026}, abstract = {The introduction of highly automated vehicles (HAVs) will allow vehicle occupants to take advantage of new seating configurations, such as sitting rearward in the first row. One critical aspect of assessing occupant safety during high-speed impacts is the lack of a dedicated safety framework for rearward-facing passengers in the first row. This paper introduces a method to develop new assessment criteria for these novel seat configurations. Thus, this research presents some preliminary results of rearward-facing occupant injury biomechanics analyses carried out employing a variety of anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) and the VIVA+ 50M human body model (HBM), restrained with different belt configurations and considering different seat typologies. It reviews the suitability of 50th percentile male ATDs to capture a biofidelic engagement with the seat structure and belt system and evaluates the reaction loads on the occupant, along with the energy management resulting from seat back rotational stiffness and energy-absorbing foams layered behind the seat cushion. Based on the results, the THOR-AV-50M is a suitable candidate for further biofidelity analysis. Torso occupant loads can be effectively reduced utilizing seat back rotation but pelvis load management requires further studies.}, language = {en} } @article{MayrKnollmeyerJeknicetal.2026, author = {Mayr, Thomas and Knollmeyer, Simon and Jeknic, Isidora and Fink, Leon and Hensel, Ralph and Huber, Marco F. and Großmann, Daniel}, title = {Enhancing Process Planning in the Automotive Industry: Extracting Procedural Knowledge from Assembly Operation Descriptions using Large Language Models}, volume = {2026}, journal = {Procedia CIRP}, number = {138}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2212-8271}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2026.01.137}, pages = {797 -- 802}, year = {2026}, abstract = {The non-standardized, human-written assembly descriptions have been a long-standing obstacle in the automotive assembly industry, making it difficult to use these data in the planning stage. The paper presents a standardization method based on Large Language Models (LLMs), focusing on consistency and clarity. This approach does not only streamline the planning processes but also facilitates the benchmarking of productivity and process quality across different individual parts and assembly lines, thus enabling comprehensive efficiency analysis and ultimately leading to more informed decision-making. Our method was evaluated at a German OEM in the automotive sector, demonstrating its practical applicability and effectiveness.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ReumSchmittSummetal.2024, author = {Reum, Tobias and Schmitt, David and Summ, Thorsten and Schrag, Tobias}, title = {Energetic Potential of Parallel Operation of Two Heat Sources in a Dual-Source Heat Pump}, booktitle = {International Sustainable Energy Conference - Proceedings}, editor = {Fink, Christian and Brunner, Christoph}, publisher = {TIB Open Publishing}, address = {Hannover}, issn = {2976-2030}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.52825/isec.v1i.1158}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Dual-source heat pumps can mitigate disadvantages of single source heat pumps: They have fewer geological requirements compared to ground-source heat pumps while having higher efficiencies compared to air-source heat pumps. Parallel operation of two heat sources can also make electric heaters for peak loads obsolete, leading to economic benefits in the operational costs. Parallel operation has not been analysed thoroughly at different evaporation temperature gradients. To address this gap in research, four possible interconnections of two heat sources were analysed using a refrigerant cycle simulation, two with similar and two with separate evaporation pressures. The energetic potential of each interconnection is evaluated and compared to single source operation with an air-source and a ground-source heat pump. The results showed that only the interconnections with separate evaporation pressure allowed significant reduction in evaporation power from the ground source. As expected, the efficiency - compared to single air-source operation - increased for all parallel interconnections but decreased compared to ground-source operation. Efficient peak load coverage with small ground-source collectors therefore requires a more complex interconnection of completely split evaporator branches at different evaporation pressures. While the efficiency and heating power compared to single ground-source operation decreased slightly (by 4\% and 6\%, respectively), the power load on the GSHX and ASHX reduced to about 54\% and 66\% compared to the corresponding single-source operation, respectively. This allows high efficiency at reduced GSHX size and ASHX noise emission. Additionally, this interconnection also allows increased flexibility for improved heat source management.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuellerStrobelFaigletal.2024, author = {M{\"u}ller, Simon Nikolaus and Strobel, Rainer and Faigl, Markus and Schrag, Tobias}, title = {Analysis of Industrial 5GDHC System in Ingolstadt}, booktitle = {International Sustainable Energy Conference - Proceedings}, subtitle = {A Step Towards CO2-Neutral Industry}, editor = {Fink, Christian and Brunner, Christoph}, publisher = {TIB Open Publishing}, address = {Hannover}, issn = {2976-2030}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.52825/isec.v1i.1152}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This study comprehensively examines the technical manifestation and planning process for a shared thermal energy network at a 75-hectare industrial area in Ingolstadt. Unlike traditional systems, this (5GDHC) network showcases a smart integration of energy flows across 70 buildings with a yearly heating demand of around 17 GWh and a yearly cooling demand of around 35 GWh. The network spans over 9,100 meters of piping with diameters up to 800 mm. With thermal power from various sources including 1.8 MW waste heat from a data centre and potential for 10 MW from the Danube River, the system epitomizes a dynamic balance of heating and cooling demands. The paper itself examines the planning process of the system and encompasses topics such as defining energy requirements and load profiles, assessing potential energy sources and sinks for enhanced system efficiency, and analysing pipe and network design. Through this investigation, the study provides valuable insights towards a methodology to facilitate the successful implementation of future industrial 5GDHC systems, furthering the cause of sustainable energy.}, language = {en} } @article{BaumFinkFischeretal.2025, author = {Baum, Heinz-Georg and Fink, Christian and Fischer, Thomas M. and G{\"u}nther, Edeltraud and G{\"u}nther, Thomas and Haller, Axel and Kafadar, Kalina and Marten, Kai-Uwe and Schultze, Wolfgang and Wittmann, Robert}, title = {„Konnektivit{\"a}t" als Strukturprinzip akademischen Wirkens von Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Adolf G. Coenenberg - Ein Nachruf}, volume = {5}, journal = {Schmalenbach Impulse}, publisher = {Schmalenbach-Gesellschaft fur Betriebswirtschaft}, address = {Frechen}, issn = {2749-9804}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.54585/JAEY3059}, year = {2025}, language = {de} } @article{RaisuddinHolmbladHaghighietal.2026, author = {Raisuddin, Abu Mohammed and Holmblad, Jesper and Haghighi, Hamed and Poledna, Yuri and Funk Drechsler, Maikol and Donzella, Valentina and Aksoy, Eren Erdal}, title = {REHEARSE-3D: A Multi-Modal Emulated Rain Dataset for 3D Point Cloud De-Raining}, volume = {26}, pages = {728}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {2}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s26020728}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Sensor degradation poses a significant challenge in autonomous driving. During heavy rainfall, interference from raindrops can adversely affect the quality of LiDAR point clouds, resulting in, for instance, inaccurate point measurements. This, in turn, can potentially lead to safety concerns if autonomous driving systems are not weather-aware, i.e., if they are unable to discern such changes. In this study, we release a new, large-scale, multi-modal emulated rain dataset, REHEARSE-3D, to promote research advancements in 3D point cloud de-raining. Distinct from the most relevant competitors, our dataset is unique in several respects. First, it is the largest point-wise annotated dataset (9.2 billion annotated points), and second, it is the only one with high-resolution LiDAR data (LiDAR-256) enriched with 4D RADAR point clouds logged in both daytime and nighttime conditions in a controlled weather environment. Furthermore, REHEARSE-3D involves rain-characteristic information, which is of significant value not only for sensor noise modeling but also for analyzing the impact of weather at the point level. Leveraging REHEARSE-3D, we benchmark raindrop detection and removal in fused LiDAR and 4D RADAR point clouds. Our comprehensive study further evaluates the performance of various statistical and deep learning models, where SalsaNext and 3D-OutDet achieve above 94\% IoU for raindrop detection.}, language = {en} } @article{BornschleglKreitleinBregullaetal.2015, author = {Bornschlegl, Martin and Kreitlein, Sven and Bregulla, Markus and Franke, J{\"o}rg}, title = {A method for forecasting the running costs of manufacturing technologies in automotive production during the early planning phase}, volume = {2015}, journal = {Procedia CIRP}, number = {26}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2212-8271}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2014.07.103}, pages = {412 -- 417}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The running costs of production sites are a decisive factor in the overheads of automotive production. Because of this, it is important for many operators to decrease those costs in a sustainable way. Therefore, they try to reduce both the energy consumption costs of production systems, as well as their maintenance costs. However, most parts of the running costs are already determined during the very early phases of the product creation process. The approach in this paper shows how the decision for a specific manufacturing technology influences the factory costs. It is necessary to determine the life-cycle costs with regard to the manufacturing technology. Therefore, deep knowledge about the process itself and the support processes is required. This paper shows how cost relevant parameters can be identified and introduces a method to determine the prospective costs for maintenance and energy consumption in advance.}, language = {en} } @article{BechtholdRosendahlHuberEddleston2026, author = {Bechthold, Laura and Rosendahl Huber, Laura and Eddleston, Kimberly A.}, title = {Debiasing entrepreneurial careers: A field experiment on female role model effects on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and early-stage career choices}, volume = {41}, pages = {106582}, journal = {Journal of Business Venturing}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {1873-2003}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2026.106582}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Women remain underrepresented not only as founders but also as employees - or "joiners" - in young and small firms, limiting their exposure to entrepreneurial environments that often serve as critical pathways to venture creation. To address this gap, we investigate whether introducing female entrepreneur role models in educational settings can shape young women's entrepreneurial self-efficacy and early career choices. Drawing on role congruity theory and social cognitive career theory (SCCT), we conducted a field experiment involving over 430 university students and 98 early-stage entrepreneurs. Using a pre-test/post-test design and longitudinal tracking of early career choices, we explore the causal effects of exogenously assigned female role models on students' decisions to join a young or small firm. We find that exposure to social interactions with female entrepreneurs significantly boosts female students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy. More importantly, women who were paired with a female entrepreneur were over 10\% more likely to join a young firm after graduation compared to those assigned to a male entrepreneur. Mediation analysis confirms that entrepreneurial self-efficacy is a key mechanism linking exposure to same-sex role models with women's decision to join a young firm. These findings highlight the potential of targeted role model interventions to reduce gender disparities in entrepreneurial entry pathways and expand the diversity of entrepreneurial ecosystems.}, language = {en} } @article{MoralesTorricosGallenbergerDroeseetal.2025, author = {Morales Torricos, Pablo and Gallenberger, Andreas and Droese, Dominik and Kowal, Julia and Endisch, Christian and Lewerenz, Meinert}, title = {Analyzing the Impact of Electrolyte Motion Induced Salt Inhomogeneity Effect on Apparent Aging: Role of Current Rates and Temperature Effects in Accelerated Cyclic Aging Tests in Li-Ion Batteries}, volume = {9}, pages = {e202500559}, journal = {Batteries \& Supercaps}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {2566-6223}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202500559}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Accurate and rapid assessment of lithium-ion battery lifetime is essential for predicting remaining lifespan, enabling the selection of appropriate cells for specific applications and determining suitability for second-life use. However, accelerated cyclic aging tests may underestimate a cell's total lifespan due to exaggerated capacity fade that does not occur under real-world conditions. This increased capacity fade is primarily driven by electrolyte motion induced salt inhomogeneity (EMSI) and loss of homogeneity of lithium distribution (HLD). This study investigates the impact of varying charge and discharge currents on capacity loss during accelerated testing in compressed NMC-Gr pouch cells. Most of the capacity loss observed during cycling is fully recoverable after a resting period, with some cells regaining up to 81\% of their lost capacity. Contrary to expectations, cells subjected to the highest cycling currents do not exhibit the greatest recoverable capacity loss. This phenomenon can be attributed to the interplay between current and temperature: While higher cycling currents exacerbate EMSI and HLD loss, they simultaneously elevate cell temperature, which mitigates EMSI by weakening polarization, enhancing electrolyte salt diffusion and homogenizing lithium distribution in the anode. Consequently, higher temperatures counteract HLD and EMSI-effect and therefore reduce apparent capacity loss.}, language = {en} } @article{AmanciodeMoraesCristofoliDuarteSilvaTancredietal.2024, author = {Am{\^a}ncio de Moraes, Andr{\´e} and Crist{\´o}foli Duarte Silva, Let{\´i}cia and Tancredi, Thiago Pontin and Vasconcellos Ferreira, Cristiano}, title = {Support methodology to the informational and conceptual design of small recreational powerboats}, volume = {13}, journal = {Human Factors in Design}, number = {25}, publisher = {Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina}, address = {Florian{\´o}polis}, issn = {2316-7963}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5965/2316796313252024165}, pages = {165 -- 186}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This article proposes a methodology for the design of motor recreational boats which are a crucial part of the Brazilian nautical industry. Despite the high demand for these boats, design methodologies for small leisure vessels are not well explored in the literature, leading to not mapped aspects as design information treatment, requirements engineering, and trade-off conflicts. The proposed methodology aims to systematize the obtaining of design specifications, generation and evaluation of solution concepts, employing de- sign support tools. The methodology was evaluated by applying it on a small recreational motorboat, and the results were positively evaluated by nautical industry and academic specialists, leading to acceptation of the methodology and some suggestions for improvement.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzRamRohrbeck2019, author = {Schwarz, Jan Oliver and Ram, Camelia and Rohrbeck, Ren{\´e}}, title = {Combining scenario planning and business wargaming to better anticipate future competitive dynamics}, volume = {2019}, journal = {Futures}, number = {105}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-6378}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2018.10.001}, pages = {133 -- 142}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The deliberate exploration of how the future competitive landscape may evolve is critical to uncovering threats and opportunities for firms that seek to improve their core businesses and advance to a superior position in the markets of the future. While techniques such as business wargaming can effectively support this process, such techniques can benefit from placing competitive considerations within a broader future landscape shaped by geopolitical, social, technological and economic forces. Scenario planning allows for the exploration of interactions across multiple external forces to create a rich set of narratives on how the future may unfold. This paper will discuss the potential of combining scenario planning and business wargaming to enable strategists to anticipate moves and countermoves and foresee their consequences. We use a real-life case study to illustrate how a scenario-planning exercise can guide the crucial stage of selecting relevant future competitors of a firm prior to engaging in a business-war-gaming exercise. We then introduce what we term the prospective competitive strategy process to guide the analysis of potential competitive dynamics, emphasizing the synergies between scenario planning and business wargaming.}, language = {en} } @article{EmbergerNairLichteneggeretal.2025, author = {Emberger, Lukas and Nair, Gireesh and Lichtenegger, Klaus and Moser, Maria and Summ, Thorsten and Natiesta, Thomas and Fan, Jianhua and Wang, Pengcheng and Unterberger, Viktor and Ohnewein, Philip}, title = {Open data in the solar thermal community: Status, barriers, and opportunities}, volume = {2025}, pages = {100114}, journal = {Solar Energy Advances}, number = {5}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2667-1131}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seja.2025.100114}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Open data in the renewable energy sector could contribute to a greener future and reduce carbon emissions. This study investigates existing open datasets in the solar thermal domain, challenges in publishing and using open data and its potential impact. The results support the common belief that open data is useful, offering considerable benefits for data re-users and the solar thermal community. While substantial open data in the solar thermal domain already exists, some datasets like plant statistics and cost data are hard to utilize due to licensing, accessibility, and quality issues. The study shows that data owners benefit less from publishing data compared to data re-users and service providers. While data sharing seems appealing to data owners, several barriers discourage data sharing. Suggestions to promote the use and publications of open data in solar thermal domain are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{JamesKillingerMutangaetal.2025, author = {James, Stuart Daniel and Killinger, Markus and Mutanga, Chiedza Ngonidzashe and Pirard, Romain and Einax, Mario and Huber, Matthias and Bader, Tobias}, title = {The hybrid renewable energy community approach (HyRECA): Synergising electricity access with bush encroachment mitigation in rural Southern Africa}, volume = {2026}, pages = {100136}, journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition}, number = {9}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2667-095X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rset.2025.100136}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Rural electrification and bush encroachment in Southern Africa have long been studied separately. Research shows that hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) offer viable solutions for off-grid communities, and bush encroachment mitigation is widely recognised as an ecological priority. Using Jamataka, Botswana, as a case study, this study integrates both, asking under which conditions encroacher bush-based HRES are economically viable, which electricity access levels local populations can afford, and whether biomass utilisation contributes to mitigation. Findings indicate strong potential for bush-based HRES in off-grid areas, but competitiveness declines where low-cost grid electricity is available. Economic viability is examined through levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) across alternative HRES configurations. HOMER Pro® simulations indicate PV/biomass/battery systems are most cost-effective off-grid, achieving 100 \% renewable fractions, near zero CO₂ emissions, and LCOE of 0.246 \$/kWh. In grid-connected contexts without feed-in, PV/diesel/grid combinations dominate (LCOE 0.117 \$/kWh) due to low tariffs, but with higher emissions. A novel affordability analysis using household willingness to pay and the World Bank Multi-Tier Framework indicates that all households reach at least Tier 3 electricity access under grid-connected systems and >70 \% off-grid, supporting household-use of medium-power appliances. Sustainable biomass extraction clears ∼12 ha annually (∼120 t) in Jamataka, aiding bush encroachment mitigation. Upscaling indicates potential to electrify 1.35 million people in >900 bush-encroached villages across Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa, using <1 \% of encroached land - highlighting significant untapped potential. Future research should validate findings through geospatial modelling with high-resolution biomass data and spatially sensitive biomass cost models for region-wide planning.}, language = {en} } @article{SchimpfLausterSchwarzetal.2026, author = {Schimpf, Sven and Lauster, Michael and Schwarz, Jan Oliver and John, Marcus}, title = {Science fiction and innovation: A literature analysis on science fiction-related methods mapped into the innovation process}, volume = {2026}, pages = {103770}, journal = {Futures}, number = {177}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-6378}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2026.103770}, year = {2026}, abstract = {In the development of innovations over the past decades, data-driven methods have become commonplace. Alongside advantages in effectiveness and efficiency comes the danger of relying on data describing past rather than future developments which can result in a loss of imagination and creativity. In parallel, a growing awareness of the interface between innovation and science fiction can be observed in academia and among practitioners. This awareness is most often based on the hypothesis that taking inspiration from science fiction can create value in the development of innovations. Despite numerous case studies in the literature describing this interface, a major part of methods applied seem to have been chosen in an unstructured, almost random way. This study investigates the literature in search of science fiction-related methods able to support the development of innovations. With around 60.000 publications considered based on a high-level search, a refined search combined with a manual search led to 17 science fiction-related methods to support the development of innovations. Using a six-phase generic innovation process, the methods identified were mapped into the process based on semantic similarities between the objectives of each method and the objectives of innovation process phases. This mapping is understood as an overview and conceptualization offering a baseline for future academic research and guidance for practitioners on choosing the most appropriate science fiction-related methods for developing innovations.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{IrawatiBolukbasiRiener2025, author = {Irawati, Diah Ayu and Bolukbasi, Elif and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Advancing Generative AI Collaboration in Design-to-Code Workflows: Insights from Two Empirical Studies}, booktitle = {Proceedings of MUM 2025: The 24th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia}, editor = {Sorce, Salvatore and Elagroudy, Passant and Khamis, Mohamed}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-2015-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3771882.3771913}, pages = {33 -- 46}, year = {2025}, abstract = {For expert users to accept Generative AI (GenAI) as a true collaborative partner, it must move beyond simple task-awareness to an understanding of their workflow's underlying structural rules. This paper introduces a paradigm for AI collaborators that moves beyond simple task awareness to an understanding of the semantic and hierarchical relationships within a component-based system. We investigate this concept within the context of the design-to-code workflow, where inefficiencies arise from the modification of components within design systems. Through two empirical studies with designers and developers, we found that GenAI output was often rejected because it violated the component hierarchy. Designers required granular and visual control for refinements, whereas developers valued automated setup but required transparent validation of the generated code's logic. Based on these findings, we contribute design guidelines for achieving Component-Structure Awareness (CSA), with two core principles: the Atomic Recommender, which provides assistance that respects the component hierarchy, and Communication Archetypes, which allow GenAI to adapt its interaction style to the user's role and the atomic nature of their task. This work provides a new, higher-level concept for designing the next generation of truly collaborative GenAI agents.}, language = {en} } @article{JauernigUhlValentinov2021, author = {Jauernig, Johanna and Uhl, Matthias and Valentinov, Vladislav}, title = {The ethics of corporate hypocrisy: An experimental approach}, volume = {2021}, pages = {102757}, journal = {Futures}, number = {131}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0016-3287}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2021.102757}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In the current landscape of management and business ethics scholarship, a prominent type of dissimulation is exemplified by corporate hypocrisy. The concept of corporate hypocrisy brings traditional morality to bear on the institutions of the modern society and thereby emphasizes the contested relationship between the research programs of individual and institutional ethics. Assuming that morality in the modern society resides in institutions rather than individuals, institutional ethics emphasizes limits to the ability of traditional morality to come to terms with the moral complexity of the market economy. The case of corporate hypocrisy shows however that traditional morality nurtures individual sensitivity to immoral behaviors which may undermine the modern institutional fabric theorized by institutional ethics. This argument is supported by our central experimental finding that the moral evaluation of individual and corporate hypocrisy is driven by essentially the same psychological mechanisms. Moreover, the experiment showed that both corporate and individual hypocrisy are condemned stronger than frankly wrong behavior even if their consequences are identical.}, language = {en} } @article{NikoloskiBotzenBanerjeeetal.2025, author = {Nikoloski, Marjan and Botzen, Wouter and Banerjee, Sanchayan and Blasch, Julia}, title = {Clustering Dutch citizens into behavioural phenotypes to understand green energy investment preferences}, volume = {2025}, pages = {112566}, journal = {Economics Letters}, number = {255}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-7374}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112566}, year = {2025}, abstract = {People differ in their underlying economic preferences and needs for energy retrofits. Accelerating the energy transition, therefore, requires tailoring personalised solutions for distinct groups of individuals. In this paper, we create behavioural phenotypes of green energy investors in the residential sector of the Netherlands. Using a latent class analysis on a representative sample of 2245 respondents, we identify four distinct classes of investors: Comfort-driven Rationalists, Financially Driven Rationalists, Policy-driven Environmentalists, and Erratic Choosers. We innovate upon the literature by linking class profiling to economic preferences and behavioural biases, alongside socio-demographic and household characteristics. Our findings can help practitioners design bottom-up tailored behavioural interventions to accelerate the uptake of green energy investments.}, language = {en} } @article{MartiniTietzeJohnetal.2024, author = {Martini, Melanie and Tietze, Frank and John, Marcus and Aristodemou, Leonidas and Sch{\"o}nmann, Alexander and Schimpf, Sven}, title = {Conceptualizing disruptive innovation paths, patent zero and patent-data based operationalization}, volume = {2024}, journal = {Centre for Technology Management working paper series}, number = {5}, publisher = {University of Cambridge}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {2058-8887}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.111428}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Disruptive innovations, as opposed to sustaining innovations, bring change to customers, markets, industries. This change is often quite sudden and drastic. Thus, the early identification of disruptive technologies can be crucial for managers and policy makers alike. In this work we propose a method to support the early identification of disruptive innovations. To do so we conceptualize a 5-phase pathway framework for disruptive innovation, then propose how to operationalize its phases using patent data. We combined the underlying theory by Christensen with different patent indicators from literature to develop an early warning system for disruptive innovations based on the underlying disruptive technologies. Additionally, we introduce the concept of patent zero and provide a first analysis.}, language = {en} } @article{PandeyMohdVeettiletal.2026, author = {Pandey, Amit and Mohd, Zubair Akhtar and Veettil, Nandana Kappuva and Wunderle, Bernhard and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Quantitative Kernel estimation from traffic signs using slanted edge spatial frequency response as a sharpness metric}, volume = {16}, pages = {7387}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-40556-w}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Sharpness is a critical optical property of automotive cameras, measured by the spatial frequency response (SFR) within the end-of-line (EOL) test after manufacturing. This work presents a method to estimate the blurring kernel of an automotive camera, which could be the first step toward state monitoring of automotive cameras. To achieve this, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed, using synthetic kernels generated by Zemax. The PCA model was built with approximately 1300 base kernels representing spatially variant point spread functions (PSFs). This model generates kernel samples during the estimation process. Synthetic images were created by convolving the synthetic kernels with reference traffic sign images and compared with real-life data captured by an automotive camera. These synthetic data were utilized for algorithm development, and later on, validation was performed on real-life data. The algorithm extracts two pixels regions of interest (ROIs) containing slanted edges from the blurred image and crops matching ROIs from a reference sharp image. Each candidate kernel was used to blur the reference ROIs, and the resulting SFR was compared with the blurred ROIs' SFR. Differential evolution optimization minimizes the SFR difference, selecting the kernel that best matches the observed blur. The final kernel was evaluated against the true kernel for accuracy. The structural similarity index measure (SSIM) between the original and estimated blurred ROIs ranges from 0.808 to 0.945. For true vs. estimated kernels, SSIM varies from 0.92 to 0.98. Pearson correlation coefficients range from 0.84 to 0.99, Cosine similarity from 0.86 to 0.99, and mean squared error (MSE) from to . Validation on real-life camera images showed that the SSIM between the estimated and blurred ROI was >0.82, showing promising accuracy in kernel estimation, which could be used towards in-field monitoring of camera sharpness degradation.}, language = {en} } @article{PandeyKuehnWeisetal.2025, author = {Pandey, Amit and K{\"u}hn, Stephan and Weis, Alexander and Wunderle, Bernhard and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Evaluating optical performance degradation of automotive cameras under accelerated aging}, volume = {2026}, pages = {109396}, journal = {Optics and Lasers in Engineering}, number = {196}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-0302}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109396}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Automotive cameras are subject to environmental stress, which degrades performance by reducing image sharpness. To qualify for automotive use and to ensure that the cameras maintain sharpness according to the hard requirements of end-of-line testing, cameras have to undergo standardized accelerated aging tests. These tests are performed to demonstrate reliability and functional safety over lifetime. Few studies have been published that demonstrate how aging contributes to the degradation of optical performance. This study addresses this gap by combining accelerated thermal aging with sharpness tracking to investigate degradation over time. To quantify sharpness degradation, six series-production cameras were subjected to accelerated thermal aging between -40◦𝐶 and +85◦𝐶. Each camera underwent 2000 aging cycles, equivalent to 80\% of their lifetime based on the Coffin-Manson model of the LV124 standard. Sharpness was measured by calculating the Spatial Frequency Response (SFR) from images captured of a double-cross reticle projected by a virtual object generator with three illumination wavelengths (625nm, 520nm, and 470nm). The change in sharpness was evaluated with SFR50 and SFR at 60 line pairs per millimeter (SFR@60). During the first 250 cycles, a wear-in effect was observed, where sharpness increased before leveling off, as seen previously. The results also indicated a slow decline in sharpness showing long-term stability. Analysis indicated that before aging, the best focal plane was located closer to the focal position of the red wavelength, which lies furthest from the objective. By the end of the aging process, the best focal plane had shifted toward the focal position of the blue wavelength, which is located closer to the objective. This suggests a forward movement of the image sensor due to aging. Even after 2000 cycles, all cameras maintained an SFR@60 above 0.5. A Random Forest regression model was trained to predict the age based on the SFR curves, achieving a mean absolute error of 126 cycles and a 𝑅2 score of 0.96.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{PandeyMohdVeettiletal.2025, author = {Pandey, Amit and Mohd, Zubair Akhtar and Veettil, Nandana Kappuva and Wunderle, Bernhard and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Quantitative Kernel Estimation from Traffic Signs using Slanted Edge Spatial Frequency Response as a Sharpness Metric}, titleParent = {Research Square}, publisher = {Research Square}, address = {Durham}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6725582/v1}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The sharpness is a critical optical property of automotive cameras, measured by the Spatial Frequency Response (SFR) within the end of line (EOL) test after manufacturing. This work presents a method to estimate the blurring kernel of automotive camera for state monitoring. To achieve this, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is performed, using synthetic kernels generated by Zemax. The PCA model is built with approximately 1300 base kernels representing spatially variant point spread functions (PSFs). This model generates kernel samples during the estimation process. Synthetic images are created by convolving the synthetic kernels with reference traffic sign images and compared with real-life data captured by an automotive camera. These synthetic data are utilized for algorithm development, and later on validation is performed on real-life data. The algorithm extracts two 45 x 45 pixels regions of interest (ROIs) containing slanted edges from the blurred image and crops matching ROIs from a reference sharp image. Each candidate kernel blurs the reference ROIs, and the resulting Spatial Frequency Response (SFR) is compared with the blurred ROIs' SFR. Differential evolution optimization minimizes the SFR difference, selecting the kernel that best matches the observed blur. The final kernel is evaluated against the true kernel for accuracy. Structural similarity index measure (SSIM) between the original and estimated blurred ROIs ranges from 0.808 to 0.945. For true vs. estimated kernels, SSIM varies from 0.92 to 0.98. Pearson correlation coefficients range from 0.84 to 0.99, Cosine similarity from 0.86 to 0.98, and mean squared error (MSE) from 1.1 x 10-5 to 8.3 x 10-5. Validation on real-life camera images shows that the SSIM between estimated ROI is 0.82 indicating a sufficient level of accuracy in kernel estimation to detect potential degradation of the camera.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SchaefleDoelling2025, author = {Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and D{\"o}lling, Hanna}, title = {Aktives Lernen in der Hochschullehre planen und f{\"o}rdern mit dem ICAP-Modell}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {3053-2531}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-6690}, pages = {39}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Aktivierende, studierendenzentrierte Lehr- und Lernmethoden k{\"o}nnen lernf{\"o}rderlich sein, doch ist es nicht von vornherein klar, welche Lehrmethoden sich f{\"u}r welches Lernziel am besten eignen und wie die Methoden zu vergleichen sind, so dass Studierende die Lernziele effektiv und effizient erreichen k{\"o}nnen. Mit dem ICAP-Modell (I interaktiv, C konstruktiv, A aktiv, P passiv) k{\"o}nnen die studentischen Lernhandlungen vier Stufen zugeordnet und eine Vorhersage {\"u}ber die Tiefe der zu erwartenden Lernergebnisse getroffen werden (Chi \& Wylie, 2014). Lehrende bekommen mit diesem Modell ein praxistaugliches Werkzeug an die Hand, um den Einsatz von Lernaufgaben zielgerichtet zu planen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{FuhrmannKautz2025, author = {Fuhrmann, Tina A. and Kautz, Christian}, title = {Mehr als Formeln - Schwierigkeiten mit Differentialgleichungen erkennen und Verst{\"a}ndnis vermitteln}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt?}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-6389}, pages = {204 -- 213}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Differentialgleichungen sind von großer Bedeutung f{\"u}r viele MINT-Disziplinen. Studierende sollten deshalb, neben prozeduralem Wissen, ein konzeptionelles Verst{\"a}ndnis dieser Gleichungen entwickeln. Dabei stoßen Studierende aber auf Schwierigkeiten. Lehrende sollten mit diesen vertraut sein, da ihre Kenntnis notwendige Grundlage f{\"u}r effektive Lehre ist. Die in diesem Beitrag aufgelisteten Schwierigkeiten wurden aus der Literatur zusammengetragen und durch semi-strukturierte Interviews erg{\"a}nzt. Sie entstammen den Bereichen Vorwissen, Verst{\"a}ndnis der Gleichung und Verst{\"a}ndnis der L{\"o}sung. Aufbauend auf den Schwierigkeiten wurden zwei Tutorials als erg{\"a}nzende Lehrmaterialien entwickelt. Anhand teilnehmender Beobachtungen wurden sie iterativ {\"u}berarbeitet und ihre Wirksamkeit qualitativ nachgewiesen. Quantitativ geschah dieser Nachweis anhand eines Vor-Nachtest-Settings an deutschen Hochschulen. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Tutorials Studierenden helfen, typische Schwierigkeiten mit Differentialgleichungen zu {\"u}berwinden.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GatermannBelzWestermannetal.2025, author = {Gatermann, Carsten Thomas and Belz, Nadja Isabelle and Westermann, Dirk and Pabst, Reinhold}, title = {Curriculumdesign f{\"u}r einen forschungsorientierten Energiesysteme-Master}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt?}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-6369}, pages = {161 -- 169}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Dieser Artikel pr{\"a}sentiert die Struktur des innovativen Masterstudiengangs „Elektrische Energiesysteme". Der Masterstudiengang ist in drei S{\"a}ulen unterteilt: Innovation, Forschung und Ingenieurkurse. Diese Dreiteilung orientiert sich an den aktuellen Anforderungen der Elektroindustrie und bereitet die Absolvierenden optimal auf den Einstieg ins Berufsleben oder eine konsekutive Promotion vor. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den Innovationsmodulen, die sich der Scrum- und Design-Thinking-Methode bedienen. Der Einsatz von k{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz wird als eine Weiterentwicklung des Studiengangs beschrieben und durch praktische Beispiele veranschaulicht. Feedback der Alumni sowie Potenziale zur Adaption von Konzepten des innovativen Masterstudiengangs runden den Beitrag ab.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{EckertKautz2025, author = {Eckert, Dimitri and Kautz, Christian}, title = {Entwicklung eines Tests zur Identifizierung von Fehlvorstellungen beim Lesen von Code}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt?}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-6387}, pages = {196 -- 203}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Die F{\"a}higkeit, Code zu verstehen, ist in der Informatik entscheidend, da sie einen wichtigen Teil der Programmierarbeit ausmacht. Studien belegen, dass sie essenziell f{\"u}r viele andere Programmierf{\"a}higkeiten ist. Besonders der Kontrollfluss, also die Reihenfolge der Befehlsausf{\"u}hrung, bereitet oft Schwierigkeiten. Wir pr{\"a}sentieren hier die ersten Schritte zu einem Concept Inventory, das genutzt werden kann, um das Verst{\"a}ndnis von Studierenden zu testen und Lehrmaßnahmen zu evaluieren. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen Herausforderungen bei der Abdeckung aller studentischer Fehlvorstellungen, aber auch die Validierungen einiger Testfragen, eine relativ breite Verteilung der Schwierigkeitslevel und hohe Diskriminierungs-Indizes der Testfragen. Einzelheiten zur Methodik und Auswertung k{\"o}nnen bei den Autoren erfragt werden.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GuentherSpagert2025, author = {G{\"u}nther, Joachim and Spagert, Lina}, title = {Pr{\"u}fungserfolg durch korrigierte Hausarbeiten? - Ein Experiment mit Mathematik-Studierenden}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt?}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-6410}, pages = {222 -- 229}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Im Rahmen einer Studie wurde das Zusammenspiel von korrigierten Hausaufgaben und dem Pr{\"u}fungserfolg in einem Mathematikkurs an der Hochschule M{\"u}nchen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Studierende, die regelm{\"a}ßig Hausaufgaben abgaben, nicht nur h{\"a}ufiger an der Pr{\"u}fung teilnahmen, sondern auch eine geringere Durchfallquote aufwiesen und bessere Pr{\"u}fungsergebnisse erzielten. Erg{\"a}nzend zur Erfassung der eingereichten Hausaufgaben wurden zwei sozialwissenschaftliche Befragungen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Diese ergaben, dass Studierende, die regelm{\"a}ßig Hausaufgaben einreichten, ihre Mathematikkenntnisse positiver einsch{\"a}tzten und weniger Angst hatten, im Studium aufgrund von Mathematik zu scheitern. Trotz gewisser Einschr{\"a}nkungen, wie Selbstselektion und einer geringen Stichprobengr{\"o}ße, deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass regelm{\"a}ßige Hausaufgaben zur Verbesserung der Pr{\"u}fungsergebnisse beitragen k{\"o}nnen}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Pohl2025, author = {Pohl, Martin}, title = {Modifikation des "Definition-Satz-Beweis"-Formats in einer Analysis-Lehrveranstaltung}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt?}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-6409}, pages = {214 -- 221}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Studierende haben zu Beginn des Mathematikstudiums h{\"a}ufig Probleme beim Erlernen der mathematischen Arbeitsweise, bei der das Beweisen mathematischer Zusammenh{\"a}nge im Vordergrund steht. Dieses erfolgt in zwei Schritten: Zun{\"a}chst muss eine Beweisidee entwickelt werden. Im zweiten Schritt wird diese Idee zu einem logisch korrekten Beweis ausgearbeitet. In einer Lehrveranstaltung im traditionellen „Definition-Satz-Beweis"-Format werden nur die mathematischen Ergebnisse pr{\"a}sentiert, der Weg zur Entwicklung einer mathematischen Idee bleibt meist verborgen. Ich habe dieses traditionelle Format in einem Lerntext f{\"u}r Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) durch einige neue Elemente erg{\"a}nzt, die den Unterschied zwischen dem Entstehen der mathematischen Ideen und den fertig formulierten Ergebnissen sichtbar machen. Neben dem Einsatz f{\"u}r JiTT k{\"o}nnen einige dieser Elemente auch in Pr{\"a}senzveranstaltungen genutzt werden. Die R{\"u}ckmeldungen der Studierenden zu diesen neuen Elementen sind sehr positiv.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{LandenfeldPriebeGandrass2025, author = {Landenfeld, Karin and Priebe, Jonas and Gandraß, Niels}, title = {Semesterbegleitendes Lernen und Pr{\"u}fen mit digitalen Aufgaben in der Mathematik}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt?}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-6428}, pages = {237 -- 245}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In diesem Beitrag werden digitale {\"U}bungsaufgaben und digitale Pr{\"u}fungen als ein zukunftsorientiertes Lehr-Lernszenario vorgestellt. Die M{\"o}glichkeiten digitaler {\"U}bungsaufgaben generell und im speziellen mit STACK (Sangwin, 2013) werden aufgezeigt und diskutiert. Insbesondere werden das Konzept und die Durchf{\"u}hrung einer digitalen semesterbegleitenden Pr{\"u}fung f{\"u}r die Ingenieur-Mathematik mit drei Komponenten im Sommersemester 2024 vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse sowie eine Befragung der Studierenden zu dieser Pr{\"u}fungsform werden dargestellt und analysiert.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GiebermannChamieh2025, author = {Giebermann, Klaus and Chamieh, Imran}, title = {Datengest{\"u}tzte Analyse studentischer Fehlermuster}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 6. Mint Symposium: Zukunft MINT Lehre: Was bleibt? Was kommt? Was wirkt?}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-6427}, pages = {230 -- 236}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Viele Studierende der Ingenieurwissenschaften tun sich schwer, mathematische Aufgaben formal korrekt zu l{\"o}sen. Ander Hochschule Ruhr West wurde daher das digitale Paper \& Pencil-System entwickelt, das vollst{\"a}ndige L{\"o}sungswege erfasst. Die Kombination aus handschriftlicher Eingabe und digitaler Auswertung er{\"o}ffnet einen datengest{\"u}tzten Blick auf typische Denk- und L{\"o}sungsstrategien. Seit dem Wintersemester 2022/23 im Regelbetrieb, erlaubt das System nicht nur eine formative R{\"u}ckmeldung, sondern auch die Auswertung studentischer Fehlermuster. Auf Basis von {\"u}ber 30.000 dokumentierten Fehlern, konnten h{\"a}ufige Fehlerquellen identifiziert und typisiert werden. Der Beitrag stellt zentrale Erkenntnisse aus der bisherigen Nutzung vor, beleuchtet das technische und didaktische Konzept und skizziert Perspektiven f{\"u}r eine KI-gest{\"u}tzte Weiterentwicklung.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{NadolnyMayer2023, author = {Nadolny, Anne and Mayer, Michael}, title = {Wie gelingt die interhochschulische Vernetzung von Middle-Out-Transformierer:innen?}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 5. Symposium zur Hochschullehre in den MINT-F{\"a}chern}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and K{\"u}rsten, Susanne and Hunger, Marianne and Hirtt, Jim and Riegler, Peter}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-4433}, pages = {282 -- 288}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der Beitrag beschreibt den Entwicklungsprozess ausgew{\"a}hlter gelungener middle-out-initiierter und kooperativ umgesetzter Weiterentwicklungen hochschulischer Lehr-Lernsysteme einzelner Hochschulen. Ausgehend von innerhochschulischen Prozessen, die auf die Mikro- und Mesoebene studentischer Kompetenzaneignungsprozesse im Kontext ‚Schreibdidaktik' fokussieren, konnte eine bilaterale interhochschulische Kooperation etabliert werden. Der daraus generierte Mehrwert wird diskutiert. Er bildet die Grundlage f{\"u}r die Idee eines gr{\"o}ßeren interhochschulischen Netzwerks von Middle-Out-Transformierer:innen. Hierzu werden die notwendigen Voraussetzungen f{\"u}r das nachhaltige Etablieren sowie die Entwicklungspotentiale eines solchen Netzwerks erarbeitet.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{ZoennchenFriedrichThurner2023, author = {Z{\"o}nnchen, Benedikt and Friedrich, Markus and Thurner, Veronika}, title = {Nachhaltigkeit in der informatischen Lehre am Beispiel KI}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 5. Symposium zur Hochschullehre in den MINT-F{\"a}chern}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and K{\"u}rsten, Susanne and Hunger, Marianne and Hirtt, Jim and Riegler, Peter}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-4411}, pages = {298 -- 307}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die Lehrveranstaltung „Nachhaltigkeit \& KI" verbindet Konzepte der nachhaltigen Entwicklung mit k{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz, um Studierende auf komplexe, interdisziplin{\"a}re Problemstellungen unserer Zeit vorzubereiten. Ziel ist es, Studierende informatiknaher Studieng{\"a}nge dabei zu unterst{\"u}tzen, ein fundiertes Verst{\"a}ndnis f{\"u}r die Zusammenh{\"a}nge von Nachhaltigkeit und k{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz sowie deren Bedeutung f{\"u}r nachhaltige Entwicklung zu entwickeln. Durch die semesterbegleitende Projektarbeit lernen die Studierenden, Problemstellungen mit Nachhaltigkeitsbezug mittels erlernter Techniken aus dem Bereich des maschinellen Lernens zu l{\"o}sen und dabei ganzheitliche, systemische Denkans{\"a}tze zu verfolgen. Erg{\"a}nzend f{\"o}rdert die indirekte Konfrontation mit bestehenden und tief verwurzelten Werten das eigene Nachhaltigkeitsbewusstsein aller Beteiligten, wodurch ein Hebel f{\"u}r den Transformationsprozess in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit entsteht.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GleichmannKubitschkeKaempfetal.2023, author = {Gleichmann, Jonas and Kubitschke, Hans and K{\"a}mpf, Lydia and Stallmach, Frank and Schnauß, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Digitale {\"U}bungsaufgaben im STACK-Format}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 5. Symposium zur Hochschullehre in den MINT-F{\"a}chern}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and K{\"u}rsten, Susanne and Hunger, Marianne and Hirtt, Jim and Riegler, Peter}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-4388}, pages = {222 -- 228}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Mithilfe von STACK , einem kostenfreien Plugin mit integriertem Computer-Algebra-System f{\"u}r die Plattformen Moodle und Ilias, k{\"o}nnen randomisierte Rechenaufgaben erstellt werden. Anhand der studentischen Eingabe erhalten die Studierenden individuelles Feedback. Durch die Feedbackfunktion, die Randomisierung und die Ressourcenschonung bietet sich STACK f{\"u}r den Einsatz in digitalen {\"U}bungsserien/{\"U}bungsbl{\"a}ttern in MINT-Modulen an. STACK-Aufgaben k{\"o}nnen via Exportfunktion leicht ausgetauscht und bei allen Kohortengr{\"o}ßen eingesetzt werden. Unsere ersten Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass Studierende mehrheitlich keine Probleme mit der digitalen Eingabe hatten und die Aufgaben h{\"a}ufig zur Pr{\"u}fungsvorbereitung nutzten. In einer Analyse von Pr{\"u}fungen hat sich gezeigt, dass Studierende mit STACK-Aufgaben vergleichbare Klausurergebnisse wie Gruppen mit klassischen {\"U}bungsaufgaben in Papierform erzielen. Ein wichtiger Vorteil dabei ist die Wiederholbarkeit der digitalen Aufgaben mit randomisiertem Zahlenmaterial. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass STACK als digitales Werkzeug in der MINT-Lehre erfolgsversprechend und skalierbar eingesetzt werden kann.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BenderThiele2023, author = {Bender, Gabriela and Thiele, Kathrin}, title = {Mathematik pr{\"u}fen - Taxonomiestufen differenzieren}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 5. Symposium zur Hochschullehre in den MINT-F{\"a}chern}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and K{\"u}rsten, Susanne and Hunger, Marianne and Hirtt, Jim and Riegler, Peter}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-4409}, pages = {175 -- 181}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Im Kontext der Ingenieurwissenschaften wird die Mathematik als Werkzeug gebraucht. H{\"a}ufig reicht es aus, wenn Herleitungen nachvollzogen und mathematisch einfache Probleme gel{\"o}st werden. Dies bezieht sich jedoch auf eine große Zahl inhaltlicher Themen. Diese Anforderung sollte sich in den Pr{\"u}fungen widerspiegeln. Klassische Klausurformate bieten Pr{\"u}fenden und Pr{\"u}fling h{\"a}ufig nicht die M{\"o}glichkeit zu differenzieren, inwieweit diese Anforderungen erf{\"u}llt sind. Das Feedback bleibt dadurch eher vage. Das hier vorgestellte Klausurformat orientiert sich an den Anforderungen der Taxonomiestufen. Das neue Pr{\"u}fungsformat unterscheidet in der Klausur zwischen grundlegenden Anwendungen, Transfer und weiterf{\"u}hrenden Aufgaben. Die Erfahrung zeigt, dass diese Pr{\"u}fung den Studierenden ein gutes Feedback {\"u}ber ihren Lernstand bietet. Besonderes die Erf{\"u}llung von hier vorgestellten Minimalanforderungen kann besser abgebildet werden und f{\"u}hrt zu objektiverer Bewertung.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GleichmannKubitschkeSchnauss2023, author = {Gleichmann, Jonas and Kubitschke, Hans and Schnauß, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Lernzuwachsanalyse zum mathematischen Vorkurs}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 5. Symposium zur Hochschullehre in den MINT-F{\"a}chern}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and K{\"u}rsten, Susanne and Hunger, Marianne and Hirtt, Jim and Riegler, Peter}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-4394}, pages = {90 -- 94}, year = {2023}, abstract = {An der Universit{\"a}t Leipzig findet f{\"u}r die Studienanf{\"a}nger:innen in physikgepr{\"a}gten Studieng{\"a}ngen ein mathematischer Vorkurs statt. In diesem werden die wesentlichen Grundlagen aus der Schule, welche f{\"u}r das Studium wichtig sind, wiederholt und vertieft. Gleichzeitig werden bundesl{\"a}nderspezifische Lehrplanunterschiede adressiert. Zur Weiterentwicklung des Kurses erfolgte im Wintersemester 2022/2023 eine Beforschung. Mittels einer Leistungsstanderhebung vor und nach dem Vorkurs konnte der Lernzuwachs durch den Vorkurs untersucht werden. Hierbei wurde ein signifikanter Lernzuwachs durch den Vorkurs nachgewiesen. Dieser wird durch die Wissensreaktivierung von vorhandenem Wissen aus der Schule beg{\"u}nstigt.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BaumgartAykirUkena2023, author = {Baumgart, Andreas and Aykir, Selin and Ukena, Stefan}, title = {Standardisierung durch Wissensmodelle f{\"u}r eine {\"O}konomisierung der Bildungsproduktion}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 5. Symposium zur Hochschullehre in den MINT-F{\"a}chern}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and K{\"u}rsten, Susanne and Hunger, Marianne and Hirtt, Jim and Riegler, Peter}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-4430}, pages = {289 -- 297}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Wissensmodelle sind ein zentrales Werkzeug in der Bildungsproduktion, wenn Lernziele unmissverst{\"a}ndlich zwischen Bildungsorganisationen sowie deren Menschen und IT-Systemen ausgetauscht werden sollen. Diese Interoperabilit{\"a}t ist eine zentrale Grundlage, um Ressourcen - besonders im {\"o}ffentlichen Sektor - {\"o}konomisch zu nutzen. So erlaubt es ein standardisiertes Wissensmodell, Lernobjekte frei und zweckgerichtet auszutauschen, Lernst{\"a}nde auch {\"u}ber die Grenzen von Bildungsorganisationen hinweg eindeutig zu kommunizieren und einfache Interaktionen zwischen Computersystem und Lernenden zu erm{\"o}glichen. Lehrende sollen so von Routineaufgaben entlastet und Lernende durch einfache, automatisierte Lehrinterventionen unterst{\"u}tzt werden. Dabei stellen wir in diesem Artikel keine Software oder Dienstleistung vor, die im konkreten Bildungskontext einen Mehrwert erzeugt. Wir stellen ein Wissensmodell vor, von dem wir glauben, dass es eine neue, innovative Bildungslandschaft erm{\"o}glicht, in der Lehrende und Lernende von Computeranwendungen profitieren k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KaessKnebuschRiecketal.2023, author = {K{\"a}ß, Hanno and Knebusch, Anselm and Rieck, Ina and Lunde, Karin and Kammerer, Markus and Br{\"o}samle, Karen}, title = {Aus der Schule in die Hochschule - {\"U}berg{\"a}nge gl{\"a}tten, Studienerfolg verbessern: cosh}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 5. Symposium zur Hochschullehre in den MINT-F{\"a}chern}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and K{\"u}rsten, Susanne and Hunger, Marianne and Hirtt, Jim and Riegler, Peter}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-4386}, pages = {44 -- 52}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Das Ziel von cosh - cooperation Schule Hochschule - ist es, den {\"U}bergang von der Schule in ein Hochschulstudium im Bereich der WiMINT -Studieng{\"a}nge zu gl{\"a}tten. Lehrende aus Schulen und Hochschulen arbeiten gemeinsam an Unterst{\"u}tzungsmaßnahmen. Auf der Basis zweier Mindestanforderungskataloge (kurz: MiAnKa) entstanden zahlreiche Initiativen und Materialien: •Lehrmaterialien f{\"u}r den Schulunterricht in der Abschlussphase •cosh-Tests Mathematik und Physik zu Inhalten der Sekundarstufe 1 / 2 •Lernmaterialien und (Online)-Kurse kurz vor und am Studieneinstieg •Vernetzungsveranstaltungen Hier werden einige dieser Werkzeuge vorgestellt. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf den cosh-Selbstdiagnosetests in Mathematik und Physik, aktuellen Testergebnissen und flankierenden Maßnahmen. Die Tests k{\"o}nnen von allen Interessierten online abgerufen werden. Die Links finden sich auf der Website https://cosh-bw.de/}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Gutierrez2022, author = {Guti{\´e}rrez, Michael}, title = {Peer Review Digital}, booktitle = {Forum der Lehre: Vielfalt leben - Heterogenit{\"a}t in Studium und Lehre}, subtitle = {Moodle-gest{\"u}tzte Verkn{\"u}pfung von Gruppenarbeit mit Feedback}, editor = {Walter, Claudia and Riegler, Peter}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {Ingolstadt}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-3163}, url = {https://www.didaktikzentrum.de/publikationen/dina-und-tagungsbaende}, pages = {42 -- 51}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Feedback kann eine sehr wichtige Rolle f{\"u}r den Lernerfolg spielen. Beim Peer Review Verfahren beurteilen die Studierenden selbst gegenseitig ihre Arbeitsergebnisse, geben also einander Feedback. Ein wichtiges Merkmal des in diesem Beitrag umgesetzten Konzepts „Peer Review Digital" ist die Moodle-gest{\"u}tzte Verkn{\"u}pfung von Gruppenarbeit mit Feedback. Auf diese Weise kann zum einen die motivierende Wirkung von Gruppenarbeit genutzt und zum anderen auch bei großen Teilnehmendenzahlen ein semesterbegleitendes Feedback f{\"u}r die Studierenden erm{\"o}glicht werden. Die Evaluation des Konzepts spricht f{\"u}r seine Motivationswirkung sowie f{\"u}r seine Eignung zur Lernstandskontrolle und zur F{\"o}rderung der F{\"a}higkeit der Studierenden, die Vorlesungsinhalte umzusetzen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Hanshans2022, author = {Hanshans, Christian}, title = {Digital gest{\"u}tzte Lehrformate und Praktikum aus dem Koffer}, booktitle = {Forum der Lehre: Vielfalt leben - Heterogenit{\"a}t in Studium und Lehre}, editor = {Walter, Claudia and Riegler, Peter}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {Ingolstadt}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-3237}, url = {https://www.didaktikzentrum.de/publikationen/dina-und-tagungsbaende}, pages = {52 -- 60}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Kellner2022, author = {Kellner, Robert}, title = {Elemente gelungener (Online) Lehrveranstaltungen mit großer Wirkung in der Praxis}, booktitle = {Forum der Lehre: Vielfalt leben - Heterogenit{\"a}t in Studium und Lehre}, editor = {Walter, Claudia and Kellner, Robert}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {Ingolstadt}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-3241}, url = {https://www.didaktikzentrum.de/publikationen/dina-und-tagungsbaende}, pages = {61 -- 66}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Neue Erkenntnisse aus der Lehr- und Lernforschung und die M{\"o}glichkeiten der Digitalisierung bringen neue und spannende Anregungen f{\"u}r die Lehre. In den vergangenen Semestern mussten pandemiebedingt pl{\"o}tzlich ganze Lehrveranstaltungen in ein digitales Format {\"u}berf{\"u}hrt werden. Hinzu kamen sowohl technische als auch didaktische Herausforderungen. Solche Ver{\"a}nderungen auf einmal umzusetzen, kostet viel Zeit und Energie und ist h{\"a}ufig nicht m{\"o}glich. Einfacher ist es, in kleinen Schritten eine Lehrveranstaltung zu ver{\"a}ndern und so den Lernerfolg der Studierenden zu steigern. Dies kann mithilfe von wenigen Elementen mit teilweise nur geringem Aufwand erreicht werden [Lang, 2021]. In diesem Beitrag beschreibt der Autor mehrere dieser Elemente, die zum Gelingen einer Lehrveranstaltung beitragen k{\"o}nnen und die er in den vergangenen Semestern in seinen Lehrveranstaltungen zur Physik f{\"u}r Ingenieure erfolgreich umgesetzt hat.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Tolksdorf2026, author = {Tolksdorf, Leon}, title = {Risk-Based Motion Planning in Automated Vehicles}, publisher = {Eindhoven University of Technology}, address = {Eindhoven}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65845}, pages = {xv, 175}, school = {Eindhoven University of Technology}, year = {2026}, abstract = {It is anticipated that there will be a long period where automated vehicles (AVs) and human road users share the same road network, with limited communication between them. As a result, AVs often operate with uncertain knowledge of their surroundings due to limitations in both sensing and estimation of the traffic scenario's current and future states. These limitations can be caused by factors such as noisy sensor data or lack of information about the intentions of other road users. Accounting for this uncertainty while designing motion planning and control algorithms for AVs is critical, as an AV may display hazardous behavior if it is overly confident in falsely estimated environment states or, contrarily, may act too cautiously when considering unnecessarily large safety margins in estimated states. Although safety regulations call for taking uncertainty into account, the right means to integrate uncertainty in motion planning has yet to be agreed upon. A promising way to account for uncertainty is through the concept of risk. Risk accounts for uncertainty in assessing safety by considering both the likelihood and severity of unsafe events, such as collisions. Research has shown that human drivers navigate traffic by trading off subjectively perceived risk against the potential rewards of reaching their destinations. Additionally, studies indicate that subjective risk tends to correlate with objective risk measures, while ethicists argue that risk can be used as a means to facilitate ethicality in road traffic by distributing risk fairly among road users. These relationships highlight the benefits of incorporating risk as a proxy for generating AV behavior in motion planning algorithms, by accounting for uncertainty in unsafe events. Incorporating risk in AV motion planning presents two main challenges. The first challenge is to develop a notion of risk that correctly incorporates an AV's uncertainty about the future motion of other road users, and that can be computed fast (and precisely) enough to be used in online (i.e., real-time) motion-planning algorithms. The second challenge is to develop an appropriate AV motion planning algorithm that incorporates risk and generates the desired AV behavior, facilitating ethicality. This dissertation addresses both challenges by making six main contributions. First, we introduce a suitable risk metric: the expected severity of a collision event. This metric, thus, is constituted of two terms, one accounting for the likelihood of a collision and another term considering the severity of a collision. Second, we investigate the AV behavior given different optimization-based motion planning strategies that accommodate our risk metric. We find that a stochastic model predictive control (SMPC)-based motion planner adequately balances risk with travel efficiency in the presence of varying uncertainty. \\Third, to compute risk, we provide an computationally efficient (i.e., real-time computable) algorithm to estimate risk. Here, the focus lies on estimating the probability of collision (POC), as our risk metric reduces to a POC metric when the severity term is considered constant. Based on multi-circular shape approximations of the geometries of the AV and other road users, we present an algorithm that estimates the POC with good precision, and that is guaranteed not to under-approximate it. The algorithm is shown to execute significantly faster than standard Monte Carlo sampling, while being tailored for optimization-based motion planning strategies. In our SMPC-based motion planning strategy, it is shown to generate smooth, reproducible trajectories under varying levels of uncertainty. Fourth, we extend our POC algorithm to risk estimation. Here, we propose a severity estimation method that allows us to consider different collision constellations, as literature shows that those are associated with different levels of harm to the passengers of vehicles. The resulting risk estimation algorithm leverages the advantages of the POC estimation algorithm, i.e., its particular suitability for optimization-based motion planning strategies, while allowing for the flexible integration of severity functions to represent different collision types. Furthermore, we provide an extension of our risk metric to estimate the risk from the perspective of each road user in the driving scene, as we argue that risk is asymmetric between pairs of road users, i.e., dependent on the perspective. Fifth, given our proposed SMPC-based motion planning strategy, the AVs behavior can be tuned such that it minimizes its own risk (egoistic perspective), the risk other road users face (altruistic perspective), and a balance of both (collective perspective). To evaluate safety and driving behavior for each of these risk metrics, we performed simulations on a database containing a wide variety of real-world and artificial traffic scenarios. The results show that a collective perspective balances the overall risk of all road users with the AV's driving behavior in a favorable manner, and constitutes a suitable approach to facilitate ethicality in road traffic. Lastly, we use our proposed risk metric as part of the decision-making process on emergency maneuvers, i.e., emergency steering and emergency braking, for an AV designed to evade collisions with late-detected pedestrians. In simulations, we show that this metric outperforms deterministic risk estimation by choosing the appropriate evasive maneuver more frequently. In experimental testing, we verified the real-world applicability of this metric in an AV testbed designed for collision avoidance by having a pedestrian dummy walk out from a sight obstruction when the AV approaches. We find that risk is beneficial in deciding on accident avoidance maneuvers. The contributions introduced in this thesis show that risk, and thus uncertainty, can be systematically incorporated in AV algorithms for motion planning and decision-making. We demonstrate that our risk metric is beneficial to the avoidance capabilities of low-automation safety systems. Furthermore, the proposed algorithms are computationally efficient, allowing for real-time optimization-based motion planning, which allows highly automated vehicles to navigate smoothly through road traffic. We show that risk-based AV behavior generation enables balancing the AV's interests in safety and travel efficiency for all road users, and thus, facilitates ethicality.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LinssMuellerKaluzaetal.2023, author = {Linß, Marco and M{\"u}ller, Anke and Kaluza, Anke and Miller, Stefan}, title = {Mit Sicherheit mehr Wissen - wie Daten uns helfen k{\"o}nnen, das Studium zu verbessern}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 5. Symposium zur Hochschullehre in den MINT-F{\"a}chern}, subtitle = {ein Beispiel aus der Hochschule Hof}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and K{\"u}rsten, Susanne and Hunger, Marianne and Hirtt, Jim and Riegler, Peter}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-4410}, pages = {150 -- 158}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der Beitrag beruht auf den fast 10-j{\"a}hrigen Erfahrungen im Rahmen von drei F{\"o}rderprojekten des Freistaats Bayern. An der Hochschule Hof wurden, u. a. auf Basis einer entwickelten MINT-Datenbank und deren Analysen, zahlreiche Maßnahmen abgeleitet, durchgef{\"u}hrt und evaluiert. Basierend darauf wurde im letzten WiSe ein neues, modulares Studiengangkonzept im Bereich der Ingenieurwissenschaften eingef{\"u}hrt. Als wesentliche Erkenntnisse lassen sich folgende Aussagen festhalten: • Eingangspr{\"u}fungen verbessern die Studienerfolgsquote • ca. 10 \% einer Kohorte wollen gar nicht studieren • NotenMonitoringProgramme sind ein wichtiger Baustein f{\"u}r die Studienberatung bzw. den Studienerfolg • Notenanrechnung braucht definierte Rahmenbedingungen • Tutorien sind erst bei einer Teilnahme > 60 \% richtig wirksam • Prognosen zum Studienerfolg sind anhand der Hochschulzugangs-berechtigungsnote bzw. anhand dem Studierverhalten im ersten Semester m{\"o}glich • der wichtigste Faktor f{\"u}r den Studienerfolg ist die/der Studierende selbst}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KobrasSollHerrmannetal.2023, author = {Kobras, Louis and Soll, Marcus and Herrmann, Franziska and Meussen, Bernhard and Haase, Jan and Versick, Daniel}, title = {Erstellung neuer Remote-Labore zur F{\"o}rderung des MINT-Studiums}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 5. Symposium zur Hochschullehre in den MINT-F{\"a}chern}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and K{\"u}rsten, Susanne and Hunger, Marianne and Hirtt, Jim and Riegler, Peter}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-4391}, pages = {206 -- 213}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Praktische Erfahrungen in Laboren unterst{\"u}tzen das Vermitteln von fachspezifischen Kompetenzen in der Lehre. In den letzten Jahren ist dabei zunehmend der Wechsel zu Remote-Laboren erfolgt. Remote-Labore erm{\"o}glichen das Umgehen von logistischen Beschr{\"a}nkungen. Unterschiedliche Institute k{\"o}nnen beispielsweise zus{\"a}tzliche physische Instanzen eines Versuchsaufbaus hinter demselben digitalen Experiment hinzuf{\"u}gen oder virtuelle Kopien/digital twins eines Versuchsaufbaus verwenden. Zus{\"a}tzlich erfordern virtuelle Experimente keine Aufsicht durch Laborpersonal oder Anwesenheit in sicherheitskritischen Bereichen, sodass Lernende ihre Versuche unabh{\"a}ngig von Verf{\"u}gbarkeit von Laborplatz und -personal durchf{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnen. Aktuell befinden sich drei Remote-Labore im Aufbau: Ein IT-Security-Labor, ein Geb{\"a}udeautomationslabor und ein CoBotik-Labor. Diese werden kurz pr{\"a}sentiert; erg{\"a}nzend wird der Aufbau eines Labors beispielhaft am IT-Security-Labor demonstriert.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchmiedtNeumaier2023, author = {Schmiedt, Anja Bettina and Neumaier, Stefanie}, title = {„Gamification trifft Hybride Lehre" {\"U}ber ein Lehrprojekt in der mathematischen Statistik}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 5. Symposium zur Hochschullehre in den MINT-F{\"a}chern}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and K{\"u}rsten, Susanne and Hunger, Marianne and Hirtt, Jim and Riegler, Peter}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-4435}, pages = {159 -- 166}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Unter dem Titel „Gamification trifft Hybride Lehre" wurde im Sommersemester 2023 ein Lehrprojekt im Fach Statistik des Studiengangs Wirtschaftsmathematik-Aktuarwissenschaften der Technischen Hochschule Rosenheim durchgef{\"u}hrt. Unterschiedliche hybrid-synchrone Lernsettings wurden in einem technisch entsprechend ausgestatteten Lehr-Experimentierraum mit den Studierenden erprobt. Als Ansatz zur Vor- und Nachbereitung der hybriden Lehre kam Gamification bzw. Gameful Motivation zum Einsatz. Im Lehrprojektteam mit Stefanie Neumaier wurde die hybride Lehre mittels der sog. EMPAMOS-Methode vorbereitet und reflektiert. Dabei ging es nicht darum, den spielfremden Kontext (die hybride Lehre) in ein Spiel zu verwandeln, sondern Spielelemente zur Zielerreichung einzusetzen. Die Auseinandersetzung mit hybriden Formaten wird dabei f{\"u}r Studierende und Lehrende als ein Zukunftsthema gesehen, nicht zuletzt f{\"u}r den Erwerb von Future Skills in einer Arbeitswelt, in der sich hybride Kollaboration etabliert.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MorisseHeidemannMoeller2023, author = {Morisse, Karsten and Heidemann, Christian and M{\"o}ller, Sebastian}, title = {Informatik-Grundlagenmodul mit den Methoden Inverted Classroom und Scrum}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 5. Symposium zur Hochschullehre in den MINT-F{\"a}chern}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and K{\"u}rsten, Susanne and Hunger, Marianne and Hirtt, Jim and Riegler, Peter}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-4393}, pages = {124 -- 131}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Im Modul Algorithmen und Datenstrukturen ist das Inverted Classroom Modell mit der Scrum-Methodik kombiniert. Die Studierenden erarbeiten die Inhalte des Moduls im Lernmanagementsystem mithilfe von Videoaufzeichnungen, digitalem Skript und interaktiven {\"U}bungseinheiten. Der Wegfall der klassischen Vorlesung erm{\"o}glicht mehr Zeit zur Beantwortung von Fragen, Diskussionen sowie der Reflexion des Erlernten durch H{\"o}rsaal-Quizze. Die Themen der Veranstaltung werden vorgegeben, aber die Bearbeitung erfolgt individuell und die Studierenden gestalten ihre eigenen Lernprozesse. Theorie und Praxis der Veranstaltung werden analog zur Scrum-Methodik in mehrw{\"o}chigen Sprints im Team bearbeitet. Die Aufgaben sind in den Kontext einer virtuellen Betriebssystemumgebung eingebettet und bauen aufeinander auf. Das Softwareprojekt wird hierzu als GitLab-Repository zur Verf{\"u}gung gestellt. Die Verwendung von Git und integrierten Test-Routinen entsprechen einer realit{\"a}tsnahen Vorgehensweise, wie sie in der Softwareentwicklung allgemein g{\"a}ngige Praxis ist.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{AmicoPulham2023, author = {Amico, Gianluca and Pulham, Susan}, title = {Mathe meets Medi(t)ation - ein integratives Lehrkonzept zur F{\"o}rderung von Future Skills}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 5. Symposium zur Hochschullehre in den MINT-F{\"a}chern}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and K{\"u}rsten, Susanne and Hunger, Marianne and Hirtt, Jim and Riegler, Peter}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-4408}, pages = {268 -- 276}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Mathe meets Medi(t)ation beschreibt ein innovatives Lehrkonzept, das auf der Verbindung des integrativen Ansatzes zur F{\"o}rderung von fachlichen und {\"u}berfachlichen Lerninhalten (Future Skills) und dem Lehrkonzept des Lernteamcoachings basiert (LTC). Das Konzept kann als Beispiel dienen, wie Future Skills in fachliche Lehre integriert und gef{\"o}rdert werden k{\"o}nnen und wie fachliche Lehre davon profitieren kann. Ziel des innovativen Konzepts ist es Studierende mithilfe von Future Skills f{\"u}r das Studium und die sich schnell ver{\"a}ndernde Arbeitswelt vorzubereiten und zugleich den Lernstoff auf tiefer kognitiver Ebene zu erschließen. Hierzu wird das Future Skills Modell der htw saar vorgestellt, die einzelnen Elemente des integrativen Lehrkonzepts, die in den synchronen und asynchronen Phasen des LTC eingebettet wurden, werden beschrieben und exemplarische Szenarien werden dargestellt. Abschließend werden erste Erfahrungen und Zukunftsvisionen des erstmalig pilotierten Lehrkonzepts diskutiert.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GaisserKnoblauchMartin2023, author = {Gaisser, Sibylle and Knoblauch, Anke and Martin, Annette}, title = {F{\"u}r MINT begeistern - Interesse wecken und Ber{\"u}hrungs{\"a}ngste abbauen durch das Ansbacher Modell}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 5. Symposium zur Hochschullehre in den MINT-F{\"a}chern}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and K{\"u}rsten, Susanne and Hunger, Marianne and Hirtt, Jim and Riegler, Peter}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-4392}, pages = {18 -- 24}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Sinkende Studierendenzahlen im MINT-Bereich stellen ein Problem f{\"u}r die Hochschulen und die Gesellschaft dar. Die Ursachen liegen u.a. darin, dass sich die Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler den MINT-Anforderungen zunehmend nicht gewachsen f{\"u}hlen oder diese wenig attraktiv finden. Beidem kann durch zielgruppenspezifische Angebote an den HAWs begegnet werden. In der Fakult{\"a}t Technik der Hochschule Ansbach wurde im Verlauf der letzten acht Jahre ein Konzept entwickelt, in dem Teilnehmende vom Vorschulalter bis zum Abitur altersgem{\"a}ß in Laborversuchen mit allen Sinnen angesprochen werden. Das Maßnahmenpaket besteht aus verschiedenen Pr{\"a}senzangeboten vom einfachen spielerischen Experimentieren f{\"u}r Vorschulkinder bis hin zu Vertiefungsworkshops und Schnupperangeboten f{\"u}r Teilnehmende aus den Oberstufen. Um die hohe zeitliche Belastung der einzelnen Hochschulangeh{\"o}rigen zu reduzieren, werden die Maßnahmen fakult{\"a}tsintern koordiniert und unter Einbeziehung m{\"o}glichst vieler Fakult{\"a}tsmitglieder realisiert.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{EbbertLoeselStroessneretal.2023, author = {Ebbert, Ronald and L{\"o}sel, Ralf and Str{\"o}ßner, Regina and Heuser, Stefan}, title = {Digitales Praktikum zur Wirkstoffentwicklung}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 5. Symposium zur Hochschullehre in den MINT-F{\"a}chern}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and K{\"u}rsten, Susanne and Hunger, Marianne and Hirtt, Jim and Riegler, Peter}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-4389}, pages = {184 -- 191}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Ein Chemiestudium beinhaltet traditionell hohe Praktikumsanteile. Auch das hier vorgestellte Master-Modul „Wirkstoffchemie" sah bisher ein Laborpraktikum vor, in dem drei Gruppen mit verschiedenen thematischen Schwerpunkten die fr{\"u}hen Phasen der modernen Wirkstoffentwicklung bearbeiteten. Die Corona-Pandemie hat die Chance er{\"o}ffnet, das Praktikum in ein digitales, Moodle-basiertes Planspiel zu transformieren, das mit Pr{\"a}sentationen, Videos und PDFs arbeitet. Zu Beginn bearbeiten Studierende Aufgabenstellungen individuell. Im weiteren Verlauf folgen Gruppenarbeiten, bei denen die Studierenden das im Rahmen der Vorlesung Gelernte diskutieren und anwenden k{\"o}nnen. In dieser Phase stehen die Studierenden auch mit den Dozenten in enger Interaktion. Durch das digitale Konzept erh{\"a}lt das Praktikum einen starken Projekt-Charakter. Erlerntes Wissen kann auf einen konkreten Fall angewendet und in die Praxis {\"u}berf{\"u}hrt werden. Die Studierenden gewinnen so einen tiefen Einblick in die moderne Wirkstoffforschung.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HardyRoth2023, author = {Hardy, Edme H. and Roth, Stefan}, title = {cosh-Version des Online-Br{\"u}ckenkurses Physik}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zum 5. Symposium zur Hochschullehre in den MINT-F{\"a}chern}, editor = {D{\"o}lling, Hanna and Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and K{\"u}rsten, Susanne and Hunger, Marianne and Hirtt, Jim and Riegler, Peter}, publisher = {BayZiel}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1612-4537}, doi = {10.57825/repo_in-4387}, pages = {53 -- 56}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Um den {\"U}bergang zwischen Schule und Hochschule in den MINT -F{\"a}chern zu unterst{\"u}tzen, entwickeln bundesweit 14 Hochschulen gemeinsam einen Online-Br{\"u}ckenkurs Physik (OBKP). Der Kurs kann ohne Anmeldung genutzt werden. Er enth{\"a}lt Eingangs- und Abschlusstests, Lektionstexte und -videos, Experimentvideos sowie GeoGebra-Elemente und interaktive {\"U}bungsaufgaben. Zu vielen Konzepten gibt es „Basiswissen". Die im Rahmen der Kooperation erarbeiteten Inhalte stehen unter der freien Lizenz CC BY-SA. Es besteht jedoch Weiterentwicklungsbedarf. Seit 2021 bietet der cosh-Mindestanforderungskatalog Physik einen Rahmen f{\"u}r eine Reduktion der sehr umfangreichen Kurs-Inhalte. Weiterhin bedarf der Kurs einer technischen Revision insbesondere im Hinblick auf Editierbarkeit, mobile Endger{\"a}te und Einbindung in Lernplattformen. Im Rahmen eines Transferprojektes mit der Hochschule Biberach wird daher eine „cosh-Version" des OBKP erarbeitet. Die dabei genutzte Technik wird speziell f{\"u}r Online-Kurse entwickelt.}, language = {de} } @article{PeintnerMangerBergeretal.2025, author = {Peintner, Jakob and Manger, Carina and Berger, Melanie and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Balancing transparency and control: The impact of AI explanation detail on user perception in automated vehicles}, volume = {2025}, pages = {101742}, journal = {Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives}, number = {34}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2590-1982}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2025.101742}, year = {2025}, abstract = {As automated vehicle technology advances, explainable AI has emerged as a critical tool to enable users to understand and predict the behavior of AI systems, particularly in safety-critical applications such as automated driving. However, increased transparency in AI explanations may inadvertently contribute to an "illusion of control", a cognitive bias in which drivers overestimate their influence or understanding of the AI's actions. We aim to better understand how the level of detail in AI explanations affects users of automated vehicles. In a virtual reality study, N = 44 participants experienced different explanation levels (low, medium, high) in an automated ride (SAE L4) compared to a baseline condition with no explanations. The results show a significant improvement in participants' user experience, acceptance, and explanation satisfaction, with more detailed explanations. Our findings also indicate that as AI explanations become more detailed, users' perceived level of control increases significantly, although this perception does not correlate with actual control capabilities. At the same time, it decreased their desire to take control, indicating users' susceptibility to the 'illusion of control' bias in the context of automated driving. Overall, this suggests that the design of explanation interfaces should strive for a balanced level of detail that promotes AI transparency without causing cognitive overload. At the same time, explainable AI can be utilized to decrease users' desire to intervene in the AI's actions.}, language = {en} } @article{Bodenschatz2024, author = {Bodenschatz, Anja}, title = {When own interest stands against the "greater good" - Decision randomization in ethical dilemmas of autonomous systems that involve their user's self-interest}, volume = {2}, pages = {100097}, journal = {Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2949-8821}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2024.100097}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Autonomous systems (ASs) decide upon ethical dilemmas and their artificial intelligence as well as situational settings become more and more complex. However, to study common-sense morality concerning ASs abstracted dilemmas on autonomous vehicle (AV) accidents are a common tool. A special case of ethical dilemmas is when the AS's users are affected. Many people want AVs to adhere to utilitarian programming (e.g., to save the larger group), or egalitarian programming (i.e., to treat every person equally). However, they want their own AV to protect them instead of the "greater good". That people reject utilitarian programming as an AS's user while supporting the idea from an impartial perspective has been termed the "social dilemma of AVs". Meanwhile, preferences for another technical capability, which would implement egalitarian programming, have not been elicited for dilemmas involving self-interest: decision randomization. This paper investigates normative and descriptive preferences for a self-protective, self-sacrificial, or randomized choice by an AS in a dilemma where people are the sole passenger of an AV, and their survival stands against the survival of several others. Results suggest that randomization may mitigate the "social dilemma of AVs" by bridging between a societally accepted programming and the urge of ASs' users for self-protection.}, language = {en} } @article{RufinoJuniorRivaSanseverinoGalloetal.2024, author = {Rufino J{\´u}nior, Carlos Ant{\^o}nio and Riva Sanseverino, Eleonora and Gallo, Pierluigi and Koch, Daniel and Diel, Sergej and Walter, Gero and Trilla, Llu{\´i}s and Ferreira, Victor Jos{\´e} and Benveniste, Gabriela and Kotak, Yash and Eichman, Joshua and Schweiger, Hans-Georg and Zanin, Hudson}, title = {Towards to Battery Digital Passport: Reviewing Regulations and Standards for Second-Life Batteries}, volume = {10}, pages = {115}, journal = {Batteries}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2313-0105}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10040115}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Greenhouse gas emissions from transportation harm the environment. In response to these environmental concerns, numerous countries encourage the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) as a more environmentally friendly option than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. Advances in battery technology have made batteries an alternative solution for energy storage in stationary applications and for electric mobility. Reduced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) production costs due to economies of scale, electrode material and cell design developments, and manufacturing process improvements have driven this success. This trend is expected to increase the number of LIBs on the market that may be discarded in the environment at the end of their useful life if more sustainable alternatives are not technologically mature. This coming environmental concern can be mitigated by collecting wasted EV batteries, reconfiguring them, and reusing them for applications with less stringent weight, performance, and size requirements. This method would extend battery life and reduce environmental effects. The present work investigates the main regulatory structures of the second-life battery industry that require rules, technical standards, and laws. To achieve this objective, a systematic review was carried out following a strict protocol that includes identifying relevant studies, extracting data and information, evaluating, and summarizing information. This paper explains the primary rules and technical standards governing the second-life battery business. The findings highlight the need for universities, research institutions, and government agencies to evaluate the second-life battery industry objectively. This would enable the creation of new technological regulations and laws for this burgeoning industry.}, language = {en} } @article{KugeleObergfellSax2021, author = {Kugele, Stefan and Obergfell, Philipp and Sax, Eric}, title = {Model-based resource analysis and synthesis of service-oriented automotive software architectures}, volume = {20}, journal = {Software and Systems Modeling}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1619-1374}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-021-00896-9}, pages = {1945 -- 1975}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Context Automotive software architectures describe distributed functionality by an interaction of software components. One drawback of today's architectures is their strong integration into the onboard communication network based on predefined dependencies at design time. The idea is to reduce this rigid integration and technological dependencies. To this end, service-oriented architecture offers a suitable methodology since network communication is dynamically established at run-time. Aim We target to provide a methodology for analysing hardware resources and synthesising automotive service-oriented architectures based on platform-independent service models. Subsequently, we focus on transforming these models into a platform-specific architecture realisation process following AUTOSAR Adaptive. Approach For the platform-independent part, we apply the concepts of design space exploration and simulation to analyse and synthesise deployment configurations, i. e., mapping services to hardware resources at an early development stage. We refine these configurations to AUTOSAR Adaptive software architecture models representing the necessary input for a subsequent implementation process for the platform-specific part. Result We present deployment configurations that are optimal for the usage of a given set of computing resources currently under consideration for our next generation of E/E architecture. We also provide simulation results that demonstrate the ability of these configurations to meet the run time requirements. Both results helped us to decide whether a particular configuration can be implemented. As a possible software toolchain for this purpose, we finally provide a prototype. Conclusion The use of models and their analysis are proper means to get there, but the quality and speed of development must also be considered.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{CostadeAraujoBaluReichmannetal.2025, author = {Costa de Araujo, Jo{\~a}o Paulo and Balu, Balahari Vignesh and Reichmann, Eik and Kelly, Jessica and Kugele, Stefan and Mata, N{\´u}ria and Grunske, Lars}, title = {Applying Concept-Based Models for Enhanced Safety Argumentation - Summary}, booktitle = {Software Engineering 2025: Proceedings}, editor = {Koziolek, Anne and Lamprecht, Anna-Lena and Th{\"u}m, Thomas and Burger, Erik}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Bonn}, issn = {2944-7682}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.18420/se2025-18}, pages = {65 -- 66}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In this extended abstract we summarize our work on using Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) for an enhanced safety argumentation of vision-based Machine Learning (ML) perception components in safety critical systems. This paper has been published at the International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISRRE'24)}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KugeleSchreyerLamprecht2025, author = {Kugele, Stefan and Schreyer, Lorenz and Lamprecht, Martin}, title = {Cause-Effect Chain-Based Diagnosis of Automotive On-Board Energy Systems}, booktitle = {Software Engineering 2025: Proceedings}, editor = {Koziolek, Anne and Lamprecht, Anna-Lena and Th{\"u}m, Thomas and Burger, Erik}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Bonn}, issn = {2944-7682}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.18420/se2025-36}, pages = {111 -- 112}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This summary refers to the paper Cause-Effect Chain-Based Diagnosis of Automotive On-Board Energy Systems [KSL24]. This paper has been published in the Proceedings of the 18th European Conference on Software Architecture, ECSA 2024 in September 2024.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KugeleObergfellSax2022, author = {Kugele, Stefan and Obergfell, Philipp and Sax, Eric}, title = {Model-based resource analysis and synthesis of service-oriented automotive software architectures}, booktitle = {Software Engineering 2022}, editor = {Grunske, Lars and Siegmund, J. and Vogelsang, A.}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Bonn}, isbn = {978-3-88579-714-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.18420/se2022-ws-017}, pages = {55 -- 56}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This summary refers to the paper Model-based resource analysis and synthesis of serviceoriented automotive software architectures [KOS21]. This paper has been published in the Journal on Software and Systems Modeling (SoSyM) in September 2021.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{RufinoJuniorRivaSanseverinoGalloetal.2023, author = {Rufino J{\´u}nior, Carlos Ant{\^o}nio and Riva Sanseverino, Eleonora and Gallo, Pierluigi and Amaral, Murilo Machado and Koch, Daniel and Kotak, Yash and Diel, Sergej and Walter, Gero and Schweiger, Hans-Georg and Zanin, Hudson}, title = {A Comprehensive Review of EV Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation}, publisher = {Preprints}, address = {Basel}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.0228.v2}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Lithium-ion batteries with improved energy densities have made understanding the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) generation mechanisms that cause mechanical, thermal, and chemical failures more complicated. SEI processes reduce battery capacity and power. Thus, a review of this area's understanding is important. It is essential to know how batteries degrade in EVs to estimate battery lifespan as it goes, predict, and minimize losses, and determine the ideal time for a replacement. Lithium-ion batteries used in EVs mainly suffer two types of degradation: calendar degradation and cycling degradation. Despite the existence of several existing works in the literature, several aspects of battery degradation remain unclear or have not been analyzed in detail. This work presents a systematic review of existing works in the literature. The results of the present investigation provide insight into the complex relationships among various factors affecting battery degradation mechanisms. Specifically, this systematic review examined the effects of time, side reactions, temperature fluctuations, high charge/discharge rates, depth of discharge, mechanical stress, thermal stress, and the voltage relationship on battery performance and longevity. The results revealed that these factors interact in complex ways to influence the degradation mechanisms of batteries. For example, high charge currents and deep discharges were found to accelerate degradation, while low temperatures and moderate discharge depths were shown to be beneficial for battery longevity. Additionally, the results showed that the relationship between cell voltage and State-of-Charge (SOC) plays a critical role in determining the rate of degradation. Overall, these findings have important implications for the design and operation of battery systems, as they highlight the need to carefully manage a range of factors to maximize battery performance and longevity. The result is an analysis of the main articles published in this field in recent years. This work aims to present new knowledge about fault detection, diagnosis, and management of lithium-ion batteries based on battery degradation concepts. The new knowledge is presented and discussed in a structured and comprehensive way.}, language = {en} } @article{HussenetherRufinoJuniorSelaibePiresetal.2026, author = {Hußenether, Thomas and Rufino J{\´u}nior, Carlos Ant{\^o}nio and Selaibe Pires, Tom{\´a}s and Mishra, Tarani and Nahar, Jinesh and Vaghani, Akash and Polzer, Richard and Diel, Sergej and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Analysis of the Measurement Uncertainties in the Characterization Tests of Lithium-Ion Cells}, volume = {19}, pages = {825}, journal = {Energies}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/en19030825}, year = {2026}, abstract = {The transition to renewable energy systems and electric mobility depends on the effectiveness, reliability, and durability of lithium-ion battery technology. Accurate modeling and control of battery systems are essential to ensure safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness in electric vehicles and grid storage. In engineering and materials science, battery models depend on physical parameters such as capacity, energy, state of charge (SOC), internal resistance, power, and self-discharge rate. These parameters are affected by measurement uncertainty. Despite the widespread use of lithium-ion cells, few studies quantify how measurement uncertainty propagates to derived battery parameters and affects predictive modeling. This study quantifies how uncertainty in voltage, current, and temperature measurements reduces the accuracy of derived parameters used for simulation and control. This work presents a comprehensive uncertainty analysis of 18650 format lithium-ion cells with nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes. It applies the law of error propagation to quantify uncertainty in key battery parameters. The main result shows that small variations in voltage, current, and temperature measurements can produce measurable deviations in internal resistance and SOC. These findings challenge the common assumption that such uncertainties are negligible in practice. The results also highlight a risk for battery management systems that rely on these parameters for control and diagnostics. The results show that propagated uncertainty depends on chemistry because of differences in voltage profiles, kinetic limitations, and temperature sensitivity. This observation informs cell selection and testing for specific applications. Improved quantification and control of measurement uncertainty can improve model calibration and reduce lifetime and cost risks in battery systems. These results support more robust diagnostic strategies and more defensible warranty thresholds. This study shows that battery testing and modeling should report and propagate measurement uncertainty explicitly. This is important for data-driven and physics-informed models used in industry and research.}, language = {en} } @article{RufinoJuniorRivaSanseverinoGalloetal.2024, author = {Rufino J{\´u}nior, Carlos Ant{\^o}nio and Riva Sanseverino, Eleonora and Gallo, Pierluigi and Amaral, Murilo Machado and Koch, Daniel and Kotak, Yash and Diel, Sergej and Walter, Gero and Schweiger, Hans-Georg and Zanin, Hudson}, title = {Unraveling the Degradation Mechanisms of Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume = {17}, pages = {3372}, journal = {Energies}, number = {14}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143372}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) usually present several degradation processes, which include their complex Solid-Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) formation process, which can result in mechanical, thermal, and chemical failures. The SEI layer is a protective layer that forms on the anode surface. The SEI layer allows the movement of lithium ions while blocking electrons, which is necessary to prevent short circuits in the battery and ensure safe operation. However, the SEI formation mechanisms reduce battery capacity and power as they consume electrolyte species, resulting in irreversible material loss. Furthermore, it is important to understand the degradation reactions of the LIBs used in Electric Vehicles (EVs), aiming to establish the battery lifespan, predict and minimise material losses, and establish an adequate time for replacement. Moreover, LIBs applied in EVs suffer from two main categories of degradation, which are, specifically, calendar degradation and cycling degradation. There are several studies about battery degradation available in the literature, including different degradation phenomena, but the degradation mechanisms of large-format LIBs have rarely been investigated. Therefore, this review aims to present a systematic review of the existing literature about LIB degradation, providing insight into the complex parameters that affect battery degradation mechanisms. Furthermore, this review has investigated the influence of time, C-rate, depth of discharge, working voltage window, thermal and mechanical stresses, and side reactions in the degradation of LIBs.}, language = {en} } @article{SantosNetoKanieskietal.2025, author = {Santos, Cassiano and Neto, Milad Kalume and Kanieski, Jo{\~a}o Marcos and Rufino J{\´u}nior, Carlos Ant{\^o}nio and Schweiger, Hans-Georg and Zanin, Hudson}, title = {A multidimensional assessment of electrification in automotive powertrains: Technical, operational, and strategic perspectives}, volume = {2025}, pages = {107377}, journal = {Results in Engineering}, number = {28}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2590-1230}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107377}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Global transportation is undergoing a profound transformation, driven by the convergence of decarbonization targets and advances in electrification technologies. Electrification, ranging from mild Hybrid Electric Vehicles (mHEVs) to Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), represents the main technological path in the transition from internal combustion engines. This transition is inherently multidimensional, simultaneously reshaping vehicle design, manufacturing systems, supply chains, customer value, and environmental outcomes in interconnected ways. Each architecture, including mHEV, Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), and BEV, presents different tradeoffs in these dimensions, requiring a structured framework for systematic comparison. To address this gap, this work details an integrated framework that systematically compares electrification pathways across five interrelated dimensions: vehicle concepts, research and development, manufacturing and logistics, customer experience, and environmental footprint. This framework culminates in a decision matrix that consolidates trade-offs into a practical SWOT based tool for strategic planning.}, language = {en} } @article{SalamatMatternOlzemetal.2026, author = {Salamat, Babak and Mattern, Dominik and Olzem, Sebastian-Sven and Elsbacher, Gerhard and Seidel, Christian and Tonello, Andrea M.}, title = {GMP3: Learning-Driven, Bellman-Guided Trajectory Planning for AAVs in Real-Time on SE(3)}, volume = {14}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3661193}, pages = {22720 -- 22733}, year = {2026}, abstract = {We propose GMP3, a multiphase global path planning framework that generates dynamically feasible three-dimensional trajectories for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating in cluttered environments. The framework extends traditional path planning from Euclidean position spaces to the Lie group SE(3), allowing joint learning of translational motion and rotational dynamics. A modified Bellman-based operator is introduced to support reinforcement learning (RL) policy updates while leveraging prior trajectory information for improved convergence. GMP3 is designed as a distributed framework in which agents influence each other and share policy information along the trajectory: each agent refines its assigned segment and shares with its neighbors via a consensus-based scheme, enabling cooperative policy updates and convergence toward a path shaped globally even under kinematic constraints.We also propose DroneManager, a modular ground control software that interfaces the planner with real UAVs platforms via the Micro Air Vehicle Link (MAVLink) protocol, supporting real-time deployment and feedback. Simulation studies and indoor flight experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in constrained 3D environments, demonstrating reliable obstacle avoidance and smooth, feasible trajectories across both position and orientation.}, language = {en} } @article{PugetGanzBertrametal.2025, author = {Puget, Chlo{\´e} and Ganz, Jonathan and Bertram, Christof and Conrad, Thomas and Baeblich, Malte and Voss, Anne and Landmann, Katharina and Haake, Alexander F. H. and Spree, Andreas and Hartung, Svenja and Aeschlimann, Leonore and Soto, Sara and de Brot, Simone and Dettwiler, Martina and Aupperle-Lellbach, Heike and Bolfa, Pompei and Bartel, Alexander and Kiupel, Matti and Breininger, Katharina and Aubreville, Marc and Klopfleisch, Robert}, title = {Artificial intelligence predicts c-KIT exon 11 genotype by phenotype in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors: Can human observers learn it?}, volume = {63}, journal = {Veterinary Pathology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {London}, issn = {1544-2217}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858251380284}, pages = {369 -- 379}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (ccMCTs) are frequent neoplasms with variable biological behaviors. Internal tandem duplication mutations in c-KIT exon 11 (c-KIT-11-ITD) are associated with poor prognosis but predict therapeutic response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In a previous work, deep learning algorithms managed to predict the presence of c-KIT-11-ITD on digitalized hematoxylin and eosin-stained histological slides (whole-slide images, WSIs) in up to 87\% of cases, suggesting the existence of morphological features characterizing ccMCTs carrying c-KIT-11-ITD. This 3-stage blinded study aimed to identify morphological features indicative of c-KIT-11-ITD and to evaluate the ability of human observers to learn this task. 17 untrained pathologists first classified 8 WSIs and 200 image patches (highly relevant for algorithmic classification) of ccMCTs as either positive or negative for c-KIT-11-ITD. Second, they self-trained to recognize c-KIT-11-ITD by looking at the same WSIs and patches correctly sorted. Third, pathologists classified 15 new WSIs and 200 new patches according to c-KIT-11-ITD status. In addition, participants reported microscopic features they considered relevant for their decision. Without training, participants correctly classified the c-KIT-11-ITD status of 63\%-88\% of WSIs and 43\%-55\% of patches. With self-training, 25\%-38\% of WSIs and 55\%-56\% of patches were correctly classified. High cellular pleomorphism, anisokaryosis, and sparse cytoplasmic granulation were commonly suggested as features associated with c-KIT-11-ITD-positive ccMCTs, none of which showed reliable predictivity in a follow-up study. The results indicate that transfer of algorithmic skills to the human observer is difficult. A c-KIT-11-ITD-specific morphological feature remains to be extracted from the artificial intelligence model.}, language = {en} } @article{RappsilberKruegerRaspeetal.2026, author = {Rappsilber, Tim and Kr{\"u}ger, Simone and Raspe, Tina and Reclo, Rudolf and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Toxic gas emission in electric vehicles: What a battery fire means for occupant safety}, volume = {2026}, pages = {104717}, journal = {Fire Safety Journal}, number = {162}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {1873-7226}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2026.104717}, year = {2026}, abstract = {This work investigates the ability of occupants to escape from a battery electric vehicle during a thermal runaway of the traction battery initiated by nail penetration. Such events generate intense fires and large amounts of toxic gases, rapidly reducing the time available for safe evacuation. In controlled full-scale outdoor experiments on two identical mid-range battery electric vehicles, the smoke gas composition inside the cabin is examined. Using FTIR spectrometers and an oxygen analyzer, temporal and spatial concentrations of organic carbonates, hydrocarbons, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen cyanide, acetylene, and oxygen are measured. Sampling locations include the driver's breathing zone, the right rear passenger's breathing zone, and the exterior right rear wheel housing. The study further evaluates occupant's escape capability using the fractional effective dose (FED) model in accordance with ISO 13571. Results show that toxic gases can reach harmful concentrations within minutes after smoke enters the cabin, though smoke entry times vary widely with fire progression. Differences in fire development and smoke dispersion strongly affect FED values and thus the time available for self-rescue. Overall, the findings provide an important basis for assessing occupant safety during battery electric vehicle fires and highlight the need for improved mitigation strategies.}, language = {en} } @article{RosbachAmmelingGanzetal.2026, author = {Rosbach, Emely and Ammeling, Jonas and Ganz, Jonathan and Bertram, Christof and Conrad, Thomas and Riener, Andreas and Aubreville, Marc}, title = {Stuck on Suggestions: Automation Bias, the Anchoring Effect, and the Factors That Shape Them in Computational Pathology}, volume = {3}, pages = {2026:007}, journal = {Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging}, number = {MELBA-BVM 2025 Special Issue}, publisher = {Melba editors}, address = {[s. l.]}, issn = {2766-905X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.59275/j.melba.2026-87b1}, pages = {126 -- 147}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven clinical decision support systems (CDSS) hold promise to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in computational pathology. However, collaboration between human experts and AI may give rise to cognitive biases, such as automation and anchoring bias, wherein users may be inclined to blindly adopt system recommendations or be disproportionately influenced by the presence of AI predictions, even when they are inaccurate. These biases may be exacerbated under time pressure, pervasive in routine pathology diagnostics, or shaped by individual user characteristics. To investigate these effects, we conducted a web-based experiment in which trained pathology experts (n = 28) estimated tumor cell percentages twice: once independently and once with the aid of an AI. A subset of the estimates in each condition was performed under time constraints. Our findings indicate that AI integration generally enhances diagnostic performance. However, it also introduced a 7\% automation bias rate, quantified as the number of accepted negative consultations, where a previously correct independent assessment gets overturned by inaccurate AI guidance. While time pressure did not increase the frequency of automation bias occurrence, it appeared to intensify its severity, as evidenced by a performance decline linked to increased automation reliance under cognitive load. A linear mixed-effects model (LMM) analysis, simulating weighted averaging, revealed a statistically significant positive coefficient for AI advice, indicating a moderate degree of anchoring on system output. This effect was further intensified under time pressure, suggesting that anchoring bias may become more pronounced when cognitive resources are limited. A secondary LMM evaluation assessing automation reliance, used as a proxy for both automation and anchoring bias, demonstrated that professional experience and self-efficacy were associated with reduced dependence on system support, whereas higher confidence during AI-assisted decision-making was linked to increased automation reliance. Together, these findings underscore the dual nature of AI integration in clinical workflows, offering performance benefits while also introducing risks of cognitive bias-driven diagnostic errors. As an initial investigation focused on a single medical specialty and diagnostic task, this study aims to lay the groundwork for future research to explore these phenomena across diverse clinical contexts, ultimately supporting the establishment of appropriate reliance on automated systems and the safe, effective integration of human-AI collaboration in medical decision-making.}, language = {en} } @article{PugetGanzOstermaieretal.2024, author = {Puget, Chlo{\´e} and Ganz, Jonathan and Ostermaier, Julian and Conrad, Thomas and Parlak, Eda and Bertram, Christof and Kiupel, Matti and Breininger, Katharina and Aubreville, Marc and Klopfleisch, Robert}, title = {Artificial intelligence can be trained to predict c-KIT-11 mutational status of canine mast cell tumors from hematoxylin and eosin-stained histological slides}, volume = {62}, journal = {Veterinary Pathology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {London}, issn = {1544-2217}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858241286806}, pages = {152 -- 160}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Numerous prognostic factors are currently assessed histologically and immunohistochemically in canine mast cell tumors (MCTs) to evaluate clinical behavior. In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is often performed to detect internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations in exon 11 of the c-KIT gene ( c-KIT-11-ITD) to predict the therapeutic response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This project aimed at training deep learning models (DLMs) to identify MCTs with c-KIT-11-ITD solely based on morphology. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained slides of 368 cutaneous, subcutaneous, and mucocutaneous MCTs (195 with ITD and 173 without) were stained consecutively in 2 different laboratories and scanned with 3 different slide scanners. This resulted in 6 data sets (stain-scanner variations representing diagnostic institutions) of whole-slide images. DLMs were trained with single and mixed data sets and their performances were assessed under stain-scanner variations (domain shifts). The DLM correctly classified HE slides according to their c-KIT-11-ITD status in up to 87\% of cases with a 0.90 sensitivity and a 0.83 specificity. A relevant performance drop could be observed when the stain-scanner combination of training and test data set differed. Multi-institutional data sets improved the average accuracy but did not reach the maximum accuracy of algorithms trained and tested on the same stain-scanner variant (ie, intra-institutional). In summary, DLM-based morphological examination can predict c-KIT-11-ITD with high accuracy in canine MCTs in HE slides. However, staining protocol and scanner type influence accuracy. Larger data sets of scans from different laboratories and scanners may lead to more robust DLMs to identify c- KIT mutations in HE slides.}, language = {en} } @article{WilmFragosoGarciaMarzahletal.2022, author = {Wilm, Frauke and Fragoso-Garcia, Marco and Marzahl, Christian and Qiu, Jingna and Puget, Chlo{\´e} and Diehl, Laura and Bertram, Christof and Klopfleisch, Robert and Maier, Andreas and Breininger, Katharina and Aubreville, Marc}, title = {Pan-tumor CAnine cuTaneous Cancer Histology (CATCH) dataset}, volume = {9}, pages = {588}, journal = {Scientific Data}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {London}, issn = {2052-4463}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01692-w}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Due to morphological similarities, the differentiation of histologic sections of cutaneous tumors into individual subtypes can be challenging. Recently, deep learning-based approaches have proven their potential for supporting pathologists in this regard. However, many of these supervised algorithms require a large amount of annotated data for robust development. We present a publicly available dataset of 350 whole slide images of seven different canine cutaneous tumors complemented by 12,424 polygon annotations for 13 histologic classes, including seven cutaneous tumor subtypes. In inter-rater experiments, we show a high consistency of the provided labels, especially for tumor annotations. We further validate the dataset by training a deep neural network for the task of tissue segmentation and tumor subtype classification. We achieve a class-averaged Jaccard coefficient of 0.7047, and 0.9044 for tumor in particular. For classification, we achieve a slide-level accuracy of 0.9857. Since canine cutaneous tumors possess various histologic homologies to human tumors the added value of this dataset is not limited to veterinary pathology but extends to more general fields of application.}, language = {en} } @article{AubrevilleWilmStathonikosetal.2023, author = {Aubreville, Marc and Wilm, Frauke and Stathonikos, Nikolas and Breininger, Katharina and Donovan, Taryn and Jabari, Samir and Veta, Mitko and Ganz, Jonathan and Ammeling, Jonas and van Diest, Paul J and Klopfleisch, Robert and Bertram, Christof}, title = {A comprehensive multi-domain dataset for mitotic figure detection}, volume = {10}, pages = {484}, journal = {Scientific Data}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {London}, issn = {2052-4463}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02327-4}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The prognostic value of mitotic figures in tumor tissue is well-established for many tumor types and automating this task is of high research interest. However, especially deep learning-based methods face performance deterioration in the presence of domain shifts, which may arise from different tumor types, slide preparation and digitization devices. We introduce the MIDOG++ dataset, an extension of the MIDOG 2021 and 2022 challenge datasets. We provide region of interest images from 503 histological specimens of seven different tumor types with variable morphology with in total labels for 11,937 mitotic figures: breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, lymphosarcoma, neuroendocrine tumor, cutaneous mast cell tumor, cutaneous melanoma, and (sub)cutaneous soft tissue sarcoma. The specimens were processed in several laboratories utilizing diverse scanners. We evaluated the extent of the domain shift by using state-of-the-art approaches, observing notable differences in single-domain training. In a leave-one-domain-out setting, generalizability improved considerably. This mitotic figure dataset is the first that incorporates a wide domain shift based on different tumor types, laboratories, whole slide image scanners, and species.}, language = {en} } @article{AubrevilleBertramDonovanetal.2020, author = {Aubreville, Marc and Bertram, Christof and Donovan, Taryn and Marzahl, Christian and Maier, Andreas and Klopfleisch, Robert}, title = {A completely annotated whole slide image dataset of canine breast cancer to aid human breast cancer research}, volume = {7}, pages = {417}, journal = {Scientific data}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {London}, issn = {2052-4463}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00756-z}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Canine mammary carcinoma (CMC) has been used as a model to investigate the pathogenesis of human breast cancer and the same grading scheme is commonly used to assess tumor malignancy in both. One key component of this grading scheme is the density of mitotic figures (MF). Current publicly available datasets on human breast cancer only provide annotations for small subsets of whole slide images (WSIs). We present a novel dataset of 21 WSIs of CMC completely annotated for MF. For this, a pathologist screened all WSIs for potential MF and structures with a similar appearance. A second expert blindly assigned labels, and for non-matching labels, a third expert assigned the final labels. Additionally, we used machine learning to identify previously undetected MF. Finally, we performed representation learning and two-dimensional projection to further increase the consistency of the annotations. Our dataset consists of 13,907 MF and 36,379 hard negatives. We achieved a mean F1-score of 0.791 on the test set and of up to 0.696 on a human breast cancer dataset.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{IvanHirlingGrexaetal.2025, author = {Ivan, Zsanett Zsofia and Hirling, Dominik and Grexa, Istvan and Ammeling, Jonas and Micsik, Tamas and Dobra, Katalin and Kuthi, Levente and Sukosd, Farkas and Aubreville, Marc and Miczan, Vivien and Horvath, Peter}, title = {Subphase-Labeled Mitotic Dataset for AI-powered Cell Division Analysis}, publisher = {bioRxiv}, address = {Cold Spring Harbor}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.07.17.665280}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Mitosis detection represents a critical task in the field of digital pathology, as determination of the mitotic index (MI) plays an important role in the tumor grading and prognostic assessment of patients. Manual determination of MI is a labor-intensive and time-consuming task for practitioners with rather high interobserver variability, thus, automation has become a priority. There has been substantial progress towards creating robust mitosis detection algorithms in recent years, primarily driven by the Mitosis Domain Generalization (MIDOG) challenges. In parallel, there has been growing interest in the molecular characterization of mitosis with the goal of achieving a more comprehensive understanding of its underlying mechanisms in a subphase-specific manner. Here, we introduce a new mitotic figure dataset annotated with subphase information based on the MIDOG++ dataset as well as a previously unrepresented tumor domain to enhance the diversity and applicability of the dataset. We envision a new perspective for domain generalization by improving the performance of models with subtyping mitotic cells into the 5 main stages of normal mitosis, complemented with an atypical mitotic class. We believe that our work broadens the horizon in digital pathology: subtyping information could provide useful help for mitosis detection, while also providing promising new directions in answering biological questions, such as molecular analysis of the subphases on a single cell level.}, language = {en} } @article{MarzahlHillStaytetal.2022, author = {Marzahl, Christian and Hill, Jenny and Stayt, Jason and Bienzle, Dorothee and Welker, Lutz and Wilm, Frauke and Voigt, J{\"o}rn and Aubreville, Marc and Maier, Andreas and Klopfleisch, Robert and Breininger, Katharina and Bertram, Christof}, title = {Inter-species cell detection - datasets on pulmonary hemosiderophages in equine, human and feline specimens}, volume = {9}, pages = {269}, journal = {Scientific Data}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {London}, issn = {2052-4463}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01389-0}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Pulmonary hemorrhage (P-Hem) occurs among multiple species and can have various causes. Cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) using a 5-tier scoring system of alveolar macrophages based on their hemosiderin content is considered the most sensitive diagnostic method. We introduce a novel, fully annotated multi-species P-Hem dataset, which consists of 74 cytology whole slide images (WSIs) with equine, feline and human samples. To create this high-quality and high-quantity dataset, we developed an annotation pipeline combining human expertise with deep learning and data visualisation techniques. We applied a deep learning-based object detection approach trained on 17 expertly annotated equine WSIs, to the remaining 39 equine, 12 human and 7 feline WSIs. The resulting annotations were semi-automatically screened for errors on multiple types of specialised annotation maps and finally reviewed by a trained pathologist. Our dataset contains a total of 297,383 hemosiderophages classified into five grades. It is one of the largest publicly available WSIs datasets with respect to the number of annotations, the scanned area and the number of species covered.}, language = {en} } @article{BertramAubrevilleMarzahletal.2019, author = {Bertram, Christof and Aubreville, Marc and Marzahl, Christian and Maier, Andreas and Klopfleisch, Robert}, title = {A large-scale dataset for mitotic figure assessment on whole slide images of canine cutaneous mast cell tumor}, volume = {6}, pages = {274}, journal = {Scientific data}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {London}, issn = {2052-4463}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0290-4}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We introduce a novel, large-scale dataset for microscopy cell annotations. The dataset includes 32 whole slide images (WSI) of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors, selected to include both low grade cases as well as high grade cases. The slides have been completely annotated for mitotic figures and we provide secondary annotations for neoplastic mast cells, inflammatory granulocytes, and mitotic figure look-alikes. Additionally to a blinded two-expert manual annotation with consensus, we provide an algorithm-aided dataset, where potentially missed mitotic figures were detected by a deep neural network and subsequently assessed by two human experts. We included 262,481 annotations in total, out of which 44,880 represent mitotic figures. For algorithmic validation, we used a customized RetinaNet approach, followed by a cell classification network. We find F1-Scores of 0.786 and 0.820 for the manually labelled and the algorithm-aided dataset, respectively. The dataset provides, for the first time, WSIs completely annotated for mitotic figures and thus enables assessment of mitosis detection algorithms on complete WSIs as well as region of interest detection algorithms.}, language = {en} } @article{GoebelMertensRiener2026, author = {G{\"o}bel, Jan-Philipp and Mertens, Jan Cedric and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Thermal imaging for the detection of driver impairment: evidence from a high-fidelity driving simulator study}, journal = {Traffic Injury Prevention}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {1538-9588}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2026.2624006}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Objectives Driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) remains a major contributor to fatal traffic crashes worldwide. With increasing regulatory pressure, such as requirements by Euro NCAP for in-vehicle impairment detection, there is a growing need for reliable, real-time monitoring solutions. While traditional DUI detection approaches focus on driving behavior or eye movement analysis, this study explores the potential of thermal imaging as a noninvasive alternative for detecting alcohol impairment. Methods We conducted a large-scale experimental study with 120 participants in a high-fidelity driving simulator, capturing thermal facial data under both non-impaired and alcohol-impaired conditions. A novel temperature extraction method was developed based on facial landmarks, incorporating multiple frames to reduce noise and improve temporal stability. Ambient cabin temperature was also recorded to normalize facial temperature readings and control for environmental influences. Several machine learning classifiers, including Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Gradient-Boosting Models, were trained using five facial temperature features (cheek, temple, ear, forehead, and nasal tip) and evaluated via five-fold subject-wise cross-validation. Results Significant temperature changes were observed in specific facial regions (particularly the cheek, ear, temple, and nasal tip) under alcohol influence. Among the evaluated models, Logistic Regression achieved the highest average classification accuracy (62\%), while SVM demonstrated the most stable performance across folds. The model showed a slight conservative bias toward predicting the baseline (non-impaired) class, thereby reducing the risk of false positive classifications. Environmental conditions, including cabin temperature, were verified to be stable across both driving sessions, ensuring the validity of the physiological measurements. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of using thermal imaging for in-vehicle DUI detection under realistic conditions. Our contributions include the development of a robust facial temperature processing pipeline, the creation of a unique dataset collected under ecologically valid conditions, and a comprehensive comparison of seven state-of-the-art classification models. Thermal imaging represents a promising complementary modality for future driver monitoring systems focused on safety and impairment detection.}, language = {en} } @article{IvanHirlingGrexaetal.2026, author = {Ivan, Zsanett Zsofia and Hirling, Dominik and Grexa, Istvan and Ammeling, Jonas and Molnar, Csaba and Micsik, Tamas and Dobra, Katalin and Kuthi, Levente and Sukosd, Farkas and Fillinger, Janos and Moldvay, Judit and Toth, Erika and Aubreville, Marc and Miczan, Vivien and Horvath, Peter}, title = {A Subphase-Labeled Mitotic Dataset for AI-powered Cell Division Analysis}, journal = {Scientific Data}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {London}, issn = {2052-4463}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-07007-7}, pages = {17}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Mitosis detection represents a critical task in digital pathology, as it plays an important role in the tumor grading and prognosis of patients. Manual determination is a labor-intensive task for practitioners with high interobserver variability, thus, automation is a priority. There has been substantial progress towards creating robust mitosis detection algorithms, primarily driven by the Mitosis Domain Generalization (MIDOG) challenges. Also, there has been growing interest in the molecular characterization of mitosis to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of its underlying mechanisms in a subphase-specific manner. We introduce a new mitotic figure dataset annotated with subphase information based on the MIDOG++ dataset as well as a previously unrepresented tumor domain to enhance the diversity and applicability. We envision a new perspective for domain generalization by improving model performance with subtyping mitosis, complemented with an atypical mitotic class. Our work has implications in two main areas: subtyping information can provide helpful information in mitosis detection, while also providing promising new directions in answering biological questions, such as molecular analysis of subphases.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{SuemerHuberDuongetal.2025, author = {S{\"u}mer, {\"O}mer and Huber, Tobias and Duong, Dat and Ledgister Hanchard, Suzanna E. and Conati, Cristina and Andr{\´e}, Elisabeth and Solomon, Benjamin D. and Waikel, Rebekah L.}, title = {Evaluation of a Deep Learning and XAI based Facial Phenotyping Tool for Genetic Syndromes: A Clinical User Study}, publisher = {medRxiv}, address = {Cold Spring Harbor}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.08.25328588}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly employed in clinical genetics to assist in diagnosing genetic conditions by assessing photographs of patients. For medical uses of AI, explainable AI (XAI) methods offer a promising approach by providing interpretable outputs, such as saliency maps and region relevance visualizations. XAI has been discussed as important for regulatory purposes and to enable clinicians to better understand how AI tools work in practice. However, the real-world effects of XAI on clinician performance, confidence, and trust remain underexplored. This study involved a web-based user experiment with 31 medical geneticists to assess the impact of AI-only diagnostic assistance compared to XAI-supported diagnostics. Participants were randomly assigned to either group and completed diagnostic tasks with 18 facial images of individuals with known genetic syndromes and unaffected individuals, before and after experiencing the AI outputs. The results show that both AI-only and XAI approaches improved diagnostic accuracy and clinician confidence. The effects varied according to the accuracy of AI predictions and the clarity of syndromic features (sample difficulty). While AI support was viewed positively, users approached XAI with skepticism. Interestingly, we found a positive correlation between diagnostic improvement and XAI intervention. Although XAI support did not significantly enhance overall performance relative to AI alone, it prompted users to critically evaluate images with false predictions and influenced their confidence levels. These findings highlight the complexities of trust, perceived usefulness, and interpretability in AI-assisted diagnostics, with important implications for developing and implementing clinical decision-support tools in facial phenotyping for rare genetic diseases.}, language = {en} }