@misc{Gold2004, author = {Gold, Robert}, title = {Petri Nets in Software Engineering}, series = {Arbeitsberichte - Working Papers (5)}, number = {5}, editor = {Der Pr{\"a}sident der Fachhochschule Ingolstadt,}, issn = {1612-6483}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-203}, pages = {24}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In this paper we investigate the use of Petri nets in software engineering extending the classical software development process with simulation and mathematical analysis based on place/transition nets. The advantage is that equirements can be validated earlier and fault detection and correction is less expensive. We show how to construct nets from basic patterns and demonstrate this for an application in automotive electronics, the cruise control with distance warning. The resulting nets can be simulated and analysed using Petri net tools and embedded into an object-oriented framework, where transitions are triggered by messages.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BhogarajuMokhtariPascuccietal.2019, author = {Bhogaraju, Sri Krishna and Mokhtari, Omid and Pascucci, Jacopo and Conti, Fosca and Kotadia, Hiren R. and Elger, Gordon}, title = {A multi-pronged approach to low-pressure Cu sintering using surface-modified particles, substrate and chip metallization}, volume = {2019}, booktitle = {International Symposium on Microelectronics}, number = {1}, publisher = {IMAPS}, address = {Pittsburgh (PA)}, issn = {2380-4505}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2019.1.000387}, pages = {387 -- 392}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @misc{TrappFacchi2007, author = {Trapp, Peter and Facchi, Christian}, title = {Performance improvement using dynamic performance stubs}, series = {Arbeitsberichte - Working Papers (14)}, number = {14}, editor = {Der Pr{\"a}sident der Fachhochschule Ingolstadt,}, issn = {1612-6483}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-292}, pages = {13}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Dynamic Performance Stubs support performance improvement. They can be used to identify "hidden" bottlenecks and also to provide better estimations of the gain from performance improvement. The idea behind these stubbing mechanism will be described, the core concept will be explained and a closer look on the possibility of creating stubs will be given. Furthermore an introduction on "How to use dynamic performance stubs" is also included.}, language = {en} } @misc{RoeglingerFacchi2009, author = {R{\"o}glinger, Sebastian and Facchi, Christian}, title = {How can Car2X-Communication improve road safety}, series = {Arbeitsberichte - Working Papers (15)}, subtitle = {a statistical based selection and discussion of feasible scenarios}, number = {15}, editor = {Der Pr{\"a}sident der Hochschule f{\"u}r angewandte Wissenschaften FH Ingolstadt,}, issn = {1612-6483}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-309}, pages = {10}, year = {2009}, abstract = {A lot of applications have been sketched in the area of Car2X-Communication. Safety aspects are often mentioned among others as a motivation for Car2X-Communication systems. We present a statistical based selection of feasible applications with the goal of increasing safety. Therefore the official statistical information of the year 2007 has been considered. Additionally we will present some consequences for the introduction of Car2X-Communication systems including infrastructure.}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-3098, title = {3rd GI/ACM-Workshop "Standardisation on Industry 4.0 Automation and Control Systems" 2018 Proceedings}, editor = {de Meer, Jan and Hof, Hans-Joachim and Rennoch, Axel and Waedt, Karl}, publisher = {Fraunhofer FOKUS}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-fhg-402275}, pages = {89}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @misc{BacherlerFacchiWindisch2010, author = {Bacherler, Christian and Facchi, Christian and Windisch, Hans-Michael}, title = {Enhancing Domain Modelling with Easy to Understand Business Rules}, series = {Arbeitsberichte - Working Papers (19)}, number = {19}, editor = {Der Pr{\"a}sident der Hochschule f{\"u}r angewandte Wissenschaften FH Ingolstadt,}, issn = {1612-6483}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-352}, pages = {35}, year = {2010}, abstract = {The model driven software development (MDSD) paradigm is gaining momentum in developing extensive business software applications. With MDSD it can be carried out a significant contribution towards the key factors of success which are exibility and adherence to delivery dates as well as efficient maintenance and adaptability. With AtomsPro that is introduced here we consequently integrate aspects of domain modelling and software architecture as well as clear and understandable means to enable domain experts to take an active role in the software development process. The challenging aim is to increase the overall ratio of code generated in the development process of enterprise applications by at the same time preserving abilities for efficient maintenance. Hence, we have chosen a fruitful cooperation with several involved project partners.}, language = {en} } @misc{TrappMeyerFacchi2011, author = {Trapp, Peter and Meyer, Markus and Facchi, Christian}, title = {How to Correctly Simulate Memory Allocation Behavior of Applications by Calibrating Main Memory Stubs}, series = {Arbeitsberichte - Working Papers (20)}, number = {20}, editor = {Der Pr{\"a}sident der Hochschule f{\"u}r angewandte Wissenschaften FH Ingolstadt,}, issn = {1612-6483}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-360}, pages = {23}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Dynamic performance stubs provide a framework to simulate the performance behavior of software modules and functions. Hence, they can be used as an extension to software performance engineering methodologies. The methodology of dynamic performance stubs targets to gain oriented performance improvement. Other applications include the identification of "hidden" bottlenecks and the prioritization of optimization alternatives. Main memory stubs have been developed to extend the simulation possibilities of the dynamic performance stubs framework. They are able to simulate the heap and stack behavior of software modules or functions. This paper extends and improves the simulation algorithm to be able to simulate constant stack values. Moreover, it presents calibration possibilities to improve the simulation results by determining the various overhead in the algorithm. The results are furthermore used to compensate inaccuracies in the simulation. Additionally, a proof of concept is given as validation of the results. This paper shows that, main memory stubs can be used to simulate the heap, stack and timing behavior exactly when considering the parameters determined by the calibration functions.}, language = {en} } @article{RieglerWintersbergerRieneretal.2019, author = {Riegler, Andreas and Wintersberger, Philipp and Riener, Andreas and Holzmann, Clemens}, title = {Augmented Reality Windshield Displays and Their Potential to Enhance User Experience in Automated Driving}, volume = {18}, journal = {i-com: Journal of Interactive Media}, number = {2}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2196-6826}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/icom-2018-0033}, pages = {127 -- 149}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @techreport{Facchi2014, author = {Facchi, Christian}, title = {E! 5516 ITERA - Integrative Test-Methodik f{\"u}r RFID Anwendungen}, subtitle = {Teilvorhaben: Test-Konzept f{\"u}r RFID Anwendungen ; Abschlussbericht zum Projekt}, publisher = {Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt}, address = {Ingolstadt}, pages = {III, 30}, year = {2014}, abstract = {RFID hat sich als Automatisierungstechnologie im Logistiksektor seit Jahren etabliert, um einerseits Qualit{\"a}t, Sicherheit und Transparenz von Prozessen zu verbessern und anderer-seits die M{\"o}glichkeit f{\"u}r Rationalisierung und Kostensenkung zu bieten. - Eine H{\"u}rde f{\"u}r KMUs sind aber die hohen Implementierungskosten. Rund 50\% der Kosten f{\"u}r Automatisierungssysteme, welche hier als Plattformtechnologie f{\"u}r RFID gesehen wird, entfallen auf die Software, Tendenz steigend. Außerdem entfallen wie-derum 60\% bis sogar 80\% im Bereich der hochverf{\"u}gbaren Softwaresysteme auf das Testen der Software. - Es existieren Methodiken zum Testen von Automatisierungs-, Mechatroniksystemen und zum Testen von reinen Softwareapplikationen. Eine spezielle Testmethodik allerdings, die die Hard- und Software-Spezifika von RFID-Systemen ber{\"u}cksichtigt, existiert nicht. Um den Unsicherheiten beim Testen von RFID-Anwendungen zu begegnen zielte das Forschungsvorhaben ITERA darauf ab, eine neue Methodik f{\"u}r das gezielte Testen derartiger Anwendungen zu entwickeln. Dabei wurde im Projektverbund zun{\"a}chst untersucht ob eine Integration von existierenden Techniken und Werkzeugen m{\"o}glich ist und schließlich mit der Entwicklung einer Methodik zur Anwendung von generischen und reproduzierbaren Testszenarios f{\"u}r RFID-Anwendungen begonnen. Die Aufgabe der Technischen Hochschule Ingolstadt bestand im Besonderen darin, die wissenschaftliche Grundlage zu schaffen und anhand dieser eine Me-thodik und ein Konzept zum Testen von RFID Anwendungen zu entwickeln. Die aus dem Gesamtprojekt resultierende Methodik kann grob, wie folgt skizziert werden: - Modultests f{\"u}r Softwarekomponenten, durchgef{\"u}hrt mit Hilfe von vorhandenen Frameworks wie JUnit oder NUnit. - Integrationstest (Bottom-Up) f{\"u}r die verwendeten RFID-Hardwarekomponenten. Dient der Sicherstellung, dass die Funktion der Komponenten und {\"U}bertragungswege (Luftschnittstelle) gegeben ist. - Hauptfokus sind Integrationstests (Top-Down), rein f{\"u}r Softwarekomponenten mithilfe der zuvor definierten, virtuellen RFID-Komponenten. Ziel der virtuellen Komponenten ist es, dem Entwickler der Anwendungssoftware ein Mittel an die Hand zu geben, mit dem er Testl{\"a}ufe ohne jegliche RFID-bezogene Hardware ausf{\"u}hren kann. - Systemtest der vollst{\"a}ndig aufgesetzten RFID-Systemumgebung. Aus der entwickelnden Methodik entstehen eine Reihe von Vorteilen, wie der fr{\"u}hen Fehler-erkennung, ein effizienterer Testvorgang, die M{\"o}glichkeit zur Anwendung agiler Entwick-lungsmethoden, parallelisieren von Testphasen und der Anwendung von bew{\"a}hrten Methoden der Leistungsanalyse und Leistungsverbesserung. Diese Aspekte schlagen sich positiv auf die Softwarequalit{\"a}t, Entwicklungszeit und somit auch auf die Entwicklungskosten nieder.}, language = {de} } @article{RienerJeon2019, author = {Riener, Andreas and Jeon, Myounghoon}, title = {Guest editors' introduction: multimodal technologies and interaction in the era of automated driving}, volume = {3}, pages = {41}, journal = {Multimodal Technologies and Interaction}, number = {2}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2414-4088}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/mti3020041}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchartmuellerWintersbergerFrisonetal.2019, author = {Schartm{\"u}ller, Clemens and Wintersberger, Philipp and Frison, Anna-Katharina and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Type-o-Steer: Reimagining the Steering Wheel for Productive Non-Driving Related Tasks in Conditionally Automated Vehicles}, booktitle = {2019 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-7281-0560-4}, issn = {2642-7214}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2019.8814088}, pages = {1699 -- 1706}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MeschtscherjakovTscheligiPflegingetal.2018, author = {Meschtscherjakov, Alexander and Tscheligi, Manfred and Pfleging, Bastian and Sadeghian, Shadan and Ju, Wendy and Palanque, Philippe and Riener, Andreas and Mutlu, Bilge and Kun, Andrew}, title = {Interacting with Autonomous Vehicles: Learning from other Domains}, pages = {W30}, booktitle = {CHI 2018: Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-5621-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3170427.3170614}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @techreport{Facchi2013, author = {Facchi, Christian}, title = {Methodik zur zielgerichteten Optimierung von Software (PerfBoost)}, subtitle = {Abschlussbericht zum Projekt}, publisher = {Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt}, address = {Ingolstadt}, pages = {23}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Die Forschungsarbeit im Projekt „PerfBoost" soll die im Vorg{\"a}ngerprojekt „PerfOpt" initial entwickelten Methoden zur zielgerichteten Performance-Optimierung von Software auf die Einsatzgebiete „Verteilte Systeme und Virtualisierung" sowie „Eingebettete Systeme" erweitern. Dies soll dazu f{\"u}hren, dass das innovative Verfahren der „Dynamic Performance Stubs" bei einem Großteil der Software-Anwendungsgebiete angewandt werden kann. Dadurch soll erreicht werden, dass die Anzahl der Anwendungen mit Performanceproblemen drastisch gesenkt wird.}, language = {de} } @article{NotomistaBotsch2017, author = {Notomista, Gennaro and Botsch, Michael}, title = {A Machine Learning Approach for the Segmentation of Driving Maneuvers and its Application in Autonomous Parking}, volume = {7}, journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research (JAISCR)}, number = {4}, publisher = {De Gruyter Open}, address = {Warschau}, issn = {2449-6499}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/jaiscr-2017-0017}, pages = {243 -- 255}, year = {2017}, abstract = {A classification system for the segmentation of driving maneuvers and its validation in autonomous parking using a small-scale vehicle are presented in this work. The classifiers are designed to detect points that are crucial for the path-planning task, thus enabling the implementation of efficient autonomous parking maneuvers. The training data set is generated by simulations using appropriate vehicle-dynamics models and the resulting classifiers are validated with the small-scale autonomous vehicle. To achieve both a high classification performance and a classification system that can be implemented on a microcontroller with limited computational resources, a two-stage design process is applied. In a first step an ensemble classifier, the Random Forest (RF) algorithm, is constructed and based on the RF-kernel a General Radial Basis Function (GRBF) classifier is generated. The GRBF-classifier is integrated into the small-scale autonomous vehicle leading to excellent performance in parallel-, cross- and oblique- parking maneuvers. The work shows that segmentation using classifies and open-loop control are an efficient approach in autonomous driving for the implementation of driving maneuvers.}, language = {en} } @article{KimStegerKotaketal.2019, author = {Kim, Woong-Ki and Steger, Fabian and Kotak, Bhavya and Knudsen, Peter V. R. and Girgsdies, Uwe and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Water Condensation in Traction Battery Systems}, volume = {12}, pages = {1171}, journal = {Energies}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/en12061171}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Lithium-ion traction battery systems of hybrid and electric vehicles must have a high level of durability and reliability like all other components and systems of a vehicle. Battery systems get heated while in the application. To ensure the desired life span and performance, most systems are equipped with a cooling system. The changing environmental condition in daily use may cause water condensation in the housing of the battery system. In this study, three system designs were investigated, to compare different solutions to deal with pressure differences and condensation: (1) a sealed battery system, (2) an open system and (3) a battery system equipped with a pressure compensation element (PCE). These three designs were tested under two conditions: (a) in normal operation and (b) in a maximum humidity scenario. The amount of the condensation in the housing was determined through a change in relative humidity of air inside the housing. Through PCE and available spacing of the housing, moisture entered into the housing during the cooling process. While applying the test scenarios, the gradient-based drift of the moisture into the housing contributed maximum towards the condensation. Condensation occurred on the internal surface for all the three design variants.}, language = {en} } @article{MachucaStegerVogtetal.2018, author = {Machuca, Enrique and Steger, Fabian and Vogt, Johanna and Brade, Katja and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Availability of Lithium Ion Batteries from Hybrid and Electric Cars for Second Use}, volume = {6}, journal = {Journal of Electrical Engineering}, subtitle = {How to Forecast for Germany until 2030}, number = {3}, publisher = {David Publishing}, address = {Rosemead}, issn = {2328-2223}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2223/2018.03.001}, pages = {129 -- 143}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Due to growing numbers of sold HEV (hybrid electric vehicles), PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles), and BEV (battery electric vehicles), new market opportunities to reuse or recycle old lithium ion batteries arise. Thus, a forecast of available batteries caused by accidents or from end-of-life vehicles was carried out using a mathematical model. Input data were obtained from an estimate of newly registered hybrid and electric vehicles in Germany from 2010 until 2030, from the accident rate of cars in Germany, and from the average cars' lifetime. The results indicate that (a) the total amount of available second use batteries in 2030 will be between 130,000 units/year and 500,000 units/year, (b) the highest amount of batteries will be obtained from end-of-life vehicles not from accident vehicles, although most batteries from accident vehicles will be suitable for 2nd use, and (c) the quantity of hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric car batteries available for reuse will continue to rise after 2030.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StegerNitscheMileyetal.2017, author = {Steger, Fabian and Nitsche, Alexander and Miley, Cayler and Schweiger, Hans-Georg and Belski, Iouri}, title = {Laboratory Learning: Hands-on versus Simulated Experiments}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE 2017)}, editor = {Huda, Nazmul and Inglis, David and Tse, Nicholas and Town, Graham}, publisher = {Macquarie University}, address = {Sydney}, isbn = {978-0-646-98026-3}, url = {https://researchers.mq.edu.au/en/publications/proceedings-of-the-28th-annual-conference-of-the-australasian-ass}, pages = {940 -- 947}, year = {2017}, abstract = {CONTEXT Many universities and vocational training institutions conduct laboratories as simulated experiments. This is due to the costs and supervision needs to conduct hands-on labs safely. Numerous studies have presented mixed opinions on whether hands-on laboratory work is more conducive to learning than a simulated laboratory. Most of the studies put students from experimental and control groups in significantly different conditions. Therefore, it is hard to reach any definite conclusion regarding the influence of the learning mode onto the learning achievements. PURPOSE This study compares learning outcomes of student laboratory work in an energy storages course conducted in two different modes: first as a practical hands-on exercise and second using computer-based simulations. APPROACH In order to provide reliable insights, this study implements optimized research methodology to avoid any other effect (e.g. learning synchronicity/distance learning/instructions) on the learning outcome rather than the effect of the learning mode itself. The student laboratory experiments were created in a manner that they could be conducted in both modes in the same way and using a single set of instructions. To ensure a comparable group environment for the individual student, the students were arranged into two similar groups based on the student's practical experience. In this crossover study, the groups were taught the same topics by means of interchanging learning modes. RESULTS To evaluate the influence of each mode on student learning, short written tests regarding the previous experiment were conducted at the beginning of the subsequent laboratory session. 102 students have taken part in the study in two years. Overall learning results of hands-on experiments were slightly better than those of simulated laboratories (Cohen's d=0.25), the difference in performance was statistically significant (p<0.02). Through solicited feedback on each laboratory session, in hands-on mode more students expressed they have acquired new insights/comprehensions (76\% vs. 66\%, Cohen's d=0.23, small effect, p<0.07). CONCLUSIONS Following the strategy not to optimize the lessons individually to the learning mode, other influences on the learning outcome, which were usually mixed, were excluded. The students' subjective opinions show advantages of the hands-on mode. Based on the objective data, a weak, but significant outcome to better knowledge acquisition with hands-on laboratory experiments was achieved. This observation is against the trend of the literature in the last years towards better or equal learning with nontraditional labs. Some of the excluded factors might have a stronger influence on student learning than estimated previously. To get a clear view, the authors recommend isolated research.}, language = {en} } @article{NeblStegerSchweiger2017, author = {Nebl, Christoph and Steger, Fabian and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Discharge Capacity of Energy Storages as a Function of the Discharge Current-Expanding Peukert's equation}, volume = {12}, journal = {International Journal of Electrochemical Science}, number = {6}, publisher = {ESG}, address = {Belgrad}, issn = {1452-3981}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.20964/2017.06.51}, pages = {4940 -- 4957}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In 1897 Wilhelm Peukert tested lead-acid batteries with constant current and observed that a single equation can describe the relationship between the discharge capacity of the battery and a constant discharge current. In this article the dependence of the discharge capacity of lithium-ion battery cells, electrochemical double-layer capacitors and lithium capacitors are investigated from low to very high discharge rates. From low to intermediate discharge rates, these energy storage devices show ideal Peukert behavior, but a deviation was observed at high discharge rates. The cells provide less charge than predicted by Peukert's Law. To describe this deviation, a new equation has been derived by expanding Peukert's law to very discharge rates. It is capable to describe the discharge behavior of lithium-ion battery cells, electrochemical double-layer capacitors and lithium capacitors from low to high discharge rates in an unequivocal way.}, language = {en} } @article{MuellerZiegmannKrueneretal.2016, author = {M{\"u}ller, Tino and Ziegmann, Johannes and Kr{\"u}ner, Simon and Endisch, Christian}, title = {Optimization of inverse model identification for multi-axial test rig control}, volume = {2016}, pages = {01002}, journal = {MATEC Web of Conferences}, number = {42}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {2261-236X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20164201002}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Laboratory testing of multi-axial fatigue situations improves repeatability and allows a time condensing of tests which can be carried out until component failure, compared to field testing. To achieve realistic and convincing durability results, precise load data reconstruction is necessary. Cross-talk and a high number of degrees of freedom negatively affect the control accuracy. Therefore a multiple input/multiple output (MIMO) model of the system, capturing all inherent cross-couplings is identified. In a first step the model order is estimated based on the physical fundamentals of a one channel hydraulic-servo system. Subsequently, the structure of the MIMO model is optimized using correlation of the outputs, to increase control stability and reduce complexity of the parameter optimization. The identification process is successfully applied to the iterative control of a multi-axial suspension rig. The results show accurate control, with increased stability compared to control without structure optimization.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{deMeerWaedtRennochetal.2019, author = {de Meer, Jan and Waedt, Karl and Rennoch, Axel and Hof, Hans-Joachim}, title = {4th GI/ACM Workshop on standardization of I4.0 automation and control systems}, volume = {2019}, booktitle = {Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI) - Proceedings}, number = {Volume P-295}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V.}, address = {Bonn}, isbn = {978-3-88579-689-3}, issn = {1617-5468}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.18420/inf2019_ws27}, pages = {241 -- 242}, year = {2019}, language = {en} }