@article{BauderLechelerWechetal.2022, author = {Bauder, Maximilian and Lecheler, Katrin and Wech, Lothar and B{\"o}hm, Klaus and Paula, Daniel and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Determination of accident scenarios via freely available accident databases}, volume = {12}, journal = {Open Engineering}, number = {1}, publisher = {De Gruyter Poland}, address = {Warsaw}, issn = {2391-5439}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0047}, pages = {453 -- 467}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The derivation of real accident scenarios from accident databases represents an important task within vehicle safety research. Simulations are increasingly used for this purpose. Depending on the research interest, a wide range of accident databases exists worldwide, which differ mainly in the number of recorded data per accident and availability. This work aims to identify critical vehicle-to-vehicle accidents based on freely available accident databases to derive concrete scenarios for a subsequent simulation. For this purpose, the method of the pre-crash matrix is applied using the example of the freely available Crash Investigation Sampling System database of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. An analysis of existing databases worldwide shows that this is the most detailed, freely available database. The derivation of scenarios succeeds here by a new method, whereby a center of gravity calculation is carried out based on the damages of the vehicles according to Collision Deformation Classification nomenclature. In addition, the determination of other necessary parameters, as well as the limits of the database, is shown in order to derive a scenario that can be simulated. As a result, the constellations of the five most frequent vehicle-to-vehicle accident scenarios according to the Crash Investigation Sampling System database are presented. In particular, other institutions should follow National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's example and make data freely available for accident research.}, language = {en} } @inbook{KolbWechSchwabeetal.2020, author = {Kolb, Jan Christopher and Wech, Lothar and Schwabe, Martin and Ruzok, Christopher and Trost, Christoph}, title = {Technische Aspekte des automatisierten Fahrens am Projekt des autonomen Shuttlebusses in Bad Birnbach}, booktitle = {Autonome Shuttlebusse im {\"O}PNV}, editor = {Riener, Andreas and Appel, Alexandra and Dorner, Wolfgang and Huber, Thomas and Kolb, Jan Christopher and Wagner, Harry}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-59405-6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59406-3_5}, pages = {57 -- 91}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Die Entwickler von selbstfahrenden Fahrzeugen sind sich einig, dass es nach heutigem Stand der Technik {\"u}ber eine Milliarde Testkilometer bedarf, um ein autonom fahrendes Fahrzeug zu entwickeln. Daher {\"u}berrascht es nicht, dass der „autonome" Shuttlebus in Bad Birnbach lediglich als teilautomatisiert einzustufen ist. Dennoch ist das Projekt wertvoll, um Erkenntnisse f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von autonomen Fahrzeugen zu erlangen und deren Einsatz im {\"o}ffentlichen Personennahverkehr ({\"O}PNV) beurteilen zu k{\"o}nnen. Im vorliegenden Teilprojekt wurden innerhalb von vier Monaten {\"u}ber dreihundert Situationen dokumentiert, in denen die Fahrt unplanm{\"a}ßig unterbrochen wurde. Diese wurden anschließend ausgewertet und teilweise in Versuchen nachgestellt. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass der Shuttlebus im aktuellen Betriebsmodell unfallfrei fahren kann. Allerdings ist f{\"u}r das unfall- und unterbrechungsfreie Fahren der durch die Zulassungsauflagen vorgeschriebene Operator an Bord zwingend erforderlich. Dieser muss an verschiedenen Stellen der Strecke - inklusive der Haltestellen - die Weiterfahrt best{\"a}tigen, den Bus um Hindernisse lenken und bei einem drohenden Unfall eingreifen. Ohne Operator k{\"a}me es zur Kollision, da die Technik des Busses nicht alle kritischen Situationen erkennt. Der Bus kann im aktuellen Entwicklungsstand weder fahrerlos betrieben noch als zuverl{\"a}ssige Erg{\"a}nzung im {\"O}PNV eingesetzt werden. Der Bus stellt dennoch einen wichtigen Schritt in Richtung autonomen Fahrens dar, welches weiterhin im Rahmen zuk{\"u}nftiger Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekte vorangetrieben werden muss.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Wech2020, author = {Wech, Lothar}, title = {Elektrofahrzeuge und Verkehrssicherheit}, booktitle = {VDI-Expertenmeeting "Berliner Erkl{\"a}rung zur Fahrzeugsicherheit"}, publisher = {VDI Verein Deutscher Ingenieure e.V.}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, url = {https://www.vdi.de/tg-fachgesellschaften/vdi-gesellschaft-fahrzeug-und-verkehrstechnik/kraftfahrzeugtechnik/berliner-erklaerung-zur-fahrzeugsicherheit}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WechBoehmSchweigeretal.2020, author = {Wech, Lothar and B{\"o}hm, Klaus and Schweiger, Hans-Georg and Paula, Daniel}, title = {Event Data Recorder (EDR) for automated vehicles}, booktitle = {SafetyWeek : Die Zukunft der Fahrzeugsicherheit}, subtitle = {Legal certainty and data privacy for all}, doi = {https://www.carhs.de/de/publikationen/product/safetyweek-2020-replay.html}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WechHuberKolb2019, author = {Wech, Lothar and Huber, Thomas and Kolb, Jan Christopher}, title = {Findings on the Technology of autonomous Shuttle Buses from the Pilot Operation in Bad Birnbach}, booktitle = {PraxisConference Autonomous Emergency Braking and Steering}, publisher = {carhs gmbh}, address = {Alzenau}, url = {https://www.carhs.de/de/publikationen/product/praxisconference-aebaes-2019.html}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoehmPaulaWechetal.2019, author = {B{\"o}hm, Klaus and Paula, Daniel and Wech, Lothar and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Event Data Recorder (EDR) for accidents with automated vehicles}, booktitle = {12. VDI-Tagung Fahrzeugsicherheit: Fahrzeugsicherheit im Umfeld von neuen Rating- und Gesetzesanforderungen}, subtitle = {the accident analysis of the future}, publisher = {VDI Verlag}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, isbn = {978-3-18-092364-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51202/9783181023648-349}, pages = {349 -- 364}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @article{BauderBoehmKubjatkoetal.2022, author = {Bauder, Maximilian and B{\"o}hm, Klaus and Kubjatko, Tibor and Wech, Lothar and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {C-ITS relevant critical vehicle-to-vehicle accident scenarios for accident analysis}, volume = {22}, pages = {3562}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {9}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093562}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The relevance of scientific investigations, whether simulative or empirical, is strongly related to the environment used and the scenarios associated with it. Within the field of cooperative intelligent transport systems, use-cases are defined to describe the benefits of applications. This has already been conducted in the available safety-relevant Day 1 applications longitudinal and intersection collision risk warning through the respective technical specifications. However, the relevance of traffic scenarios is always a function of accident severity and frequency of a retrospective consideration of accident databases. In this study, vehicle-to-vehicle scenarios with high frequency and/or severe personal injuries are therefore determined with the help of the CISS database and linked to the use-cases of the safety-relevant Day 1 applications. The relevance of the scenarios thus results on the one hand from the classical parameters of retrospective accident analysis and on the other hand from the coverage by the named vehicle-to-x applications. As a result, accident scenarios with oncoming vehicles are the most relevant scenarios for investigations with cooperative intelligent transport systems. In addition, high coverage of the most critical scenarios within the use-cases of longitudinal and intersection collision risk warning is already apparent.}, language = {en} }