@article{MuellerSchwarz2016, author = {M{\"u}ller, Adrian W. and Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {Assessing the functions and dimensions of visualizations in foresight}, volume = {18}, journal = {Foresight}, number = {1}, publisher = {Emerald}, address = {Leeds}, issn = {1463-6689}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-04-2014-0027}, pages = {76 -- 90}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzKroehlvonderGracht2013, author = {Schwarz, Jan Oliver and Kroehl, Rixa and von der Gracht, Heiko A.}, title = {Novels and novelty in trend research — Using novels to perceive weak signals and transfer frames of reference}, volume = {2014}, journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, number = {84}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-5509}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.09.007}, pages = {66 -- 73}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzLiebl2013, author = {Schwarz, Jan Oliver and Liebl, Franz}, title = {Cultural products and their implications for business models: Why science fiction needs socio-cultural fiction}, volume = {2013}, journal = {Futures}, number = {50}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0016-3287}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2013.03.006}, pages = {66 -- 73}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{vonGroddeckSchwarz2013, author = {von Groddeck, Victoria and Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {Perceiving megatrends as empty signifiers: A discourse-theoretical interpretation of trend management}, volume = {2013}, journal = {Futures}, number = {47}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0016-3287}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2013.01.004}, pages = {28 -- 37}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{Schwarz2011, author = {Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {Ex ante strategy evaluation: the case for business wargaming}, volume = {12}, journal = {Business Strategy Series}, number = {3}, publisher = {Emerald}, address = {Leeds}, issn = {1751-5637}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1108/17515631111130095}, pages = {122 -- 135}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{LieblSchwarz2009, author = {Liebl, Franz and Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {Normality of the future: Trend diagnosis for strategic foresight}, volume = {42}, journal = {Futures}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0016-3287}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2009.11.017}, pages = {313 -- 327}, year = {2009}, language = {en} } @article{Schwarz2007, author = {Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {Assessing the future of futures studies in management}, volume = {40}, journal = {Futures}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0016-3287}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2007.08.018}, pages = {237 -- 246}, year = {2007}, language = {en} } @article{Schwarz2005, author = {Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {Pitfalls in implementing a strategic early warning system}, volume = {7}, journal = {Foresight}, number = {4}, publisher = {Emerald}, address = {Leeds}, issn = {1463-6689}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1108/14636680510611813}, pages = {22 -- 30}, year = {2005}, language = {en} } @book{OriesekSchwarz2009, author = {Oriesek, Daniel F. and Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {Business Wargaming}, subtitle = {Unternehmenswert schaffen und sch{\"u}tzen}, publisher = {Gabler}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-8349-1879-6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8288-9}, pages = {XVIII, 181}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @article{PaceBrunoSchwarz2025, author = {Pace, Lisa A. and Bruno, Carmen and Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {Personas in scenario building: Integrating human-centred design methods in foresight}, volume = {2025}, pages = {103539}, journal = {Futures}, number = {166}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-6378}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2025.103539}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This paper contributes to integrating human-centred design approaches in foresight. We emphasize design thinking as an approach that incorporates user-centred concepts and artefacts, enabling the creation and visualization of potential futures and mediating the exploration of new perspectives and areas of intervention for innovation. However, there is limited discussion in the foresight literature on the meaningful application of design approaches. We focus on the persona method and its roles and applications in scenario building. To be meaningful in scenario building, personas need to appropriately integrate users' future needs, expectations and behaviours that shape and in turn are shaped by contexts that are yet to be realised. Based on an analysis of published case studies, the paper underscores the role of personas in fostering creative imagination, enhancing scenario engagement, and prospective sensemaking beyond their application as a storytelling vehicle in scenarios. We link persona characteristics and design to their roles in scenario building, allowing design and foresight practitioners the flexibility to tailor the persona approach to different contexts and critically assess the underlying limitations. From this, we provide recommendations for incorporating personas in scenario building and conclude with suggestions for future research.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzSchroppWachetal.2025, author = {Schwarz, Jan Oliver and Schropp, Theresa Constanze and Wach, Bernhard and Buder, Fabian}, title = {Do internal foresight activities add value to decision-making? Insights from an empirical investigation}, volume = {2025}, pages = {103548}, journal = {Futures}, number = {166}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0016-3287}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2025.103548}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In a large empirical investigation of 400 managers in large U.S. and European corporations, we shed light on the effects of internal strategic foresight activities for decision-making, asking whether and how firms' internal foresight activities add value to their decision-making. Enabling and supporting strategy conversations is conceptualized here as a central activity of strategic foresight. Our empirical investigation demonstrates that internal foresight activities have a significant and positive effect on strategy conversations within a firm. Against the assumptions of previous research, however, we cannot confirm the positive influence of strategy conversations in general on challenging the status quo in a firm or the overall helpfulness of strategic foresight activities in the context of decision-making. Future research should delve deeper into organizational studies to gain a more nuanced understanding of the processes and factors influencing future-oriented decision-making, as well as identifying key enablers that facilitate these decisions.}, language = {en} } @article{DoerrSchoenhoferSchwarz2024, author = {D{\"o}rr, Ulrike-Sabine and Sch{\"o}nhofer, Gerhard and Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {The state of foresight in small and medium enterprises: literature review and research agenda}, volume = {12}, pages = {16}, journal = {European Journal of Futures Research}, number = {1}, publisher = {SpringerOpen}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {2195-2248}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40309-024-00237-1}, year = {2024}, abstract = {AbstractSmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of many economies. In today's world of VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity), SMEs face diverse challenges to survive and stay competitive. SMEs must prepare themselves for these challenges by practicing foresight. However, foresight, and especially corporate foresight, has been conceptualized and researched in the context of large corporations. Applying foresight in SMEs is therefore complicated by the question of how to implement foresight in the context of SMEs given their specific requirements and limitations. This article provides an overview on the literature on the application of foresight in SMEs is, along with a summary of the extent to which SMEs conduct foresight from an organizational and individual perspective. Besides offering a compendium on the state of foresight in SMEs, a research agenda is formulated, incorporating the idea of a toolbox tailored to SMEs based on existing approaches and prior works.}, language = {en} } @article{ZehnderSchwarz2025, author = {Zehnder, Elena and Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {The interplay of future making and foresight: Insights from a family business case study}, volume = {2025}, pages = {103608}, journal = {Futures}, number = {170}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-6378}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2025.103608}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @article{BoddenbergSchwarzSchmies2024, author = {Boddenberg, Felix and Schwarz, Jan Oliver and Schmies, Peter}, title = {Scenario Planning in the Digital Transformation of the Fashion Industry: Starting Point for the Adjustment of Business Processes from a Colour Management Perspective}, volume = {28}, journal = {Journal of Futures Studies}, number = {3}, publisher = {Tamkang University}, address = {Taipei}, issn = {1027-6084}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.6531/JFS.202403_28(3).0004}, pages = {49 -- 63}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzWach2022, author = {Schwarz, Jan Oliver and Wach, Bernhard}, title = {The usage of cultural products in design thinking: An assessment of an underestimated approach}, volume = {25}, journal = {The Design Journal}, number = {1}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London}, issn = {1460-6925}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2021.2005879}, pages = {4 -- 24}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @book{OriesekSchwarz2021, author = {Oriesek, Daniel F. and Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {Winning the Uncertainty Game}, subtitle = {Turning Strategic Intent into Results with Wargaming}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London ; New York}, isbn = {978-0-367-85359-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367853594}, pages = {189}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{Schwarz2021, author = {Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {From alternative pictures of the future to an organizational intervention: A commentary on Rowland and Spaniol}, volume = {4}, pages = {e105}, journal = {Futures \& Foresight Science}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {2573-5152}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ffo2.105}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{OriesekSchwarz2021, author = {Oriesek, Daniel F. and Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {Winning the Uncertainty Game: Turning Strategic Intent into Results with Wargaming}, volume = {X}, journal = {PM World Journal}, number = {VIII}, publisher = {PM World}, address = {Dallas}, issn = {2330-4480}, url = {https://pmworldlibrary.net/pmworld-journal-archives/}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{Schwarz2020, author = {Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {Revisiting Scenario Planning and Business Wargaming from an Open Strategy Perspective}, volume = {12}, journal = {World Futures Review}, number = {3}, publisher = {Sage Publishing}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {2169-2793}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1946756720953182}, pages = {291 -- 303}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The key aim of Open Strategy is to open up the process of strategy development to larger groups within and even outside an organization. Furthermore, Open Strategy aims to include broad groups of stakeholders in the various steps of the strategy process. The question at hand is how can Open Strategy be achieved? What approaches can be used? Scenario planning and business wargaming are approaches perceived as relevant tools in the field of strategy and strategic foresight and in the context of Open Strategy because of their participative nature. The aim of this article is to assess to what degree scenario planning and business wargaming can be used in the context of Open Strategy. While these approaches are suitable, their current application limits the number of potential participants. Further research and experimentation in practice with larger groups and/or online approaches, or a combination of both, are needed to explore the potential of scenario planning and business wargaming as tools for Open Strategy.}, language = {en} } @article{EllerHofmannSchwarz2020, author = {Eller, Eric and Hofmann, Rupert and Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {The Customer Foresight Territory}, volume = {2020}, journal = {Marketing Review St Gallen}, number = {3}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t St. Gallen}, address = {St. Gallen}, url = {https://imc.unisg.ch/shop/marketing-review-st-gallen-3-2020-customer-foresight/}, pages = {888 -- 895}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzRohrbeckWach2019, author = {Schwarz, Jan Oliver and Rohrbeck, Ren{\´e} and Wach, Bernhard}, title = {Corporate foresight as a microfoundation of dynamic capabilities}, volume = {2}, pages = {e28}, journal = {Futures \& Foresight Science}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {2573-5152}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ffo2.28}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzWachRohrbeck2023, author = {Schwarz, Jan Oliver and Wach, Bernhard and Rohrbeck, Ren{\´e}}, title = {How to anchor design thinking in the future: Empirical evidence on the usage of strategic foresight in design thinking projects}, volume = {2023}, pages = {103137}, journal = {Futures}, number = {149}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-6378}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2023.103137}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Many organizations use design thinking (DT) to develop future products and services. DT is often used for its ability to serve as a common "language" and platform to enable market-facing departments and technology-oriented units to cocreate innovations. DT has been shown to be a powerful tool for helping to identify and connect the needs of average customers (personas) with technical solutions that form the basis for winning products. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which DT professionals already use strategic foresight (SF) methods that anticipate future customer needs and highlight emerging technologies to expand classical DT and anchor their projects in the future. Using survey data on 302 DT projects, we report on the extent to which SF methods are used in DT projects, the overriding types of SF methods in DT projects, and their impact on project success.}, language = {en} } @book{Schwarz2023, author = {Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {Strategic Foresight}, subtitle = {An Introductory Guide to Practice}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9781003302735}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003302735}, pages = {ix, 170}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @article{RohrbeckSchwarz2013, author = {Rohrbeck, Ren{\´e} and Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {The value contribution of strategic foresight: Insights from an empirical study of large European companies}, volume = {80}, journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, number = {8}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0040-1625}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.01.004}, pages = {1593 -- 1606}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{Schwarz2014, author = {Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {The 'Narrative Turn' in developing foresight: Assessing how cultural products can assist organisations in detecting trends}, volume = {2015}, journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, number = {90, Part B}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0040-1625}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2014.02.024}, pages = {510 -- 513}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{WachSchwarzvonHeld2024, author = {Wach, Bernhard and Schwarz, Jan Oliver and von Held, Felix}, title = {Corporate foresight for the benefit of corporates' innovation climate}, volume = {7}, pages = {e195}, journal = {Futures \& Foresight Science}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {2573-5152}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ffo2.195}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Corporate foresight (CF) can be considered a future-oriented capability that incorporates perceiving and prospecting. Extant CF-related studies tackle the CF-innovation relationship but do not provide details on how CF relates to innovation climate. As we assume that the innovation climate of companies is a relevant antecedent to innovation, we conduct a quantitative empirical study with 147 upper-tier managers to investigate how CF and the respective training of managers relate to a corporate's innovation climate. Results show that strong perceiving and prospecting positively influence the innovation climate, whereby prospecting is of particular importance. Further, we find that training managers in future-oriented capabilities is only under certain circumstances (i.e., low prospecting) beneficial to the innovation climate in companies.}, language = {en} } @inbook{KoebeSchwarz2024, author = {K{\"o}be, Philipp and Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {Superintelligenzen in der Technologie-gest{\"u}tzten Gesundheitsversorgung: Szenarien zu den Chancen und Risiken f{\"u}r Mensch und Gesundheit}, booktitle = {Technologien und Technologiemanagement im Gesundheitswesen: Potenziale nutzen, L{\"o}sungen entwickeln, Ziele erreichen}, editor = {Pfannstiel, Mario A.}, publisher = {Springer Gabler}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-43860-9}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43860-9_35}, pages = {679 -- 698}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @article{KoebeSchillingsSchwarz2023, author = {Koebe, Philipp and Schillings, Tobias and Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {How Superintelligence Affects Human Health: A Scenario Analysis}, volume = {28}, journal = {Journal of Futures Studies}, number = {2}, publisher = {Tamkang University}, address = {Taipei}, issn = {1027-6084}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.6531/JFS.202312_28(2).0005}, pages = {79 -- 99}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @article{SchroppSchwarzBuder2024, author = {Schropp, Theresa Constanze and Schwarz, Jan Oliver and Buder, Fabian}, title = {Corporate foresight in light of the COVID-19 pandemic—The crisis as a driver?}, volume = {6}, pages = {e178}, journal = {Futures \& Foresight Science}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {2573-5152}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ffo2.178}, year = {2024}, abstract = {AbstractOur study emphasizes the evolving nature and increasing relevance of corporate foresight (CF) in a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous world. This research, therefore, contributes to the foresight literature, concerned with the antecedents and motivators of CF as it investigates how external events that are characterized by great uncertainty influence the CF practice of large companies. On the example of the COVID-19 pandemic and based on a study of 25 interviews, this empirical research reveals that such events provoke an intensified engagement with the future within companies as implied by a greater resource commitment and interest in foresight. Thereby, CF and especially the development of multiple future scenarios, are considered helpful in countering uncertainty and facilitating responsiveness.}, language = {en} } @book{vonHeldSchwarz2024, author = {von Held, Felix and Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {Robust Leadership}, subtitle = {Sicheres F{\"u}hren in unsicheren Zeiten}, publisher = {Frankfurter Allegmeine Buch}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, isbn = {978-3-96251-205-7}, pages = {159}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @article{GordonRohrbeckSchwarz2019, author = {Gordon, Adam and Rohrbeck, Ren{\´e} and Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {Escaping the 'Faster Horses' Trap: Bridging Strategic Foresight and Design-Based Innovation}, volume = {9}, journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review}, number = {8}, publisher = {Talent First Network}, address = {Ottawa}, issn = {1927-0321}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1259}, pages = {30 -- 42}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Design thinking is inherently and invariably oriented towards the future in that all design is for products, services or events that will exist in the future, and be used by people in the future. This creates an overlap between the domains of design thinking and strategic foresight. A small but significant literature has grown up in the strategic foresight field as to how design thinking may be used to improve its processes. This paper considers the other side of the relationship: how methods from the strategic foresight field may advance design thinking, improving insight into the needs and preferences of users of tomorrow, including how contextual change may suddenly and fundamentally reshape these. A side-by-side comparison of representative models from each field is presented, and it is shown how these may be assembled together to create a foresight-informed design thinking process.}, language = {en} } @article{SchoenhoferKomonenSchwarzetal.2026, author = {Sch{\"o}nhofer, Gerhard and Komonen, Pauli and Schwarz, Jan Oliver and Bechthold, Laura}, title = {Futures of Everyday Life: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Future Personas in Scenarios}, volume = {8}, pages = {e70030}, journal = {Futures \& Foresight Science}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {2573-5152}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ffo2.70030}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Scenario reports, holding a long-standing tradition in foresight and futures studies, act as an essential document for organizations to prepare for possible, plausible, and alternative futures. Focusing on descriptions and representations of everyday life, we examined 29 future persona narratives from six publications—covering a wide field from public to private sector—through qualitative content analysis. Our guiding question is: How can anthropological perspectives such as cultural relativism or postcolonial discourses contribute to an in-depth, qualitative interpretation depictions of future everyday life? Acknowledging anthropology's colonial origins and its growing commitment to the interests of indigenous and other marginalized groups, we offer alternative readings of prominent scenario reports. Our findings suggest that scenario reports, in addition to anticipating possible futures, construct certain futures based on a systematic analysis of empirical data but also speculative interpretation. The results of these interpretative acts often appear elitist, stereotypical, and technocratic, often replicating dominant societal narratives rather than fostering substantive shifts in how the future is imagined. We therefore call for a more polyphonic representation of futures in scenario writing and foresight work that can produce more discontinuous and transformative images of the future. We understand polyphonic representations as coined by various independent, predominant as well as subaltern perspectives on the same issue at stake while being offered the same amount of space. Therefore, as we will indicate in our analysis, most of the reports referred to are rather monophonic and do not offer discuptive perspectives on the future of everyday life. As an avenue of methodological development, we propose a more nuanced and comprehensive perception of culture and social structures in scenario narrative writing. In addition, ethnographic methods could increase our understanding of how futures are collaboratively constructed and produced by different actors and their respective backgrounds and knowledge in scenario processes.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzRamRohrbeck2019, author = {Schwarz, Jan Oliver and Ram, Camelia and Rohrbeck, Ren{\´e}}, title = {Combining scenario planning and business wargaming to better anticipate future competitive dynamics}, volume = {2019}, journal = {Futures}, number = {105}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-6378}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2018.10.001}, pages = {133 -- 142}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The deliberate exploration of how the future competitive landscape may evolve is critical to uncovering threats and opportunities for firms that seek to improve their core businesses and advance to a superior position in the markets of the future. While techniques such as business wargaming can effectively support this process, such techniques can benefit from placing competitive considerations within a broader future landscape shaped by geopolitical, social, technological and economic forces. Scenario planning allows for the exploration of interactions across multiple external forces to create a rich set of narratives on how the future may unfold. This paper will discuss the potential of combining scenario planning and business wargaming to enable strategists to anticipate moves and countermoves and foresee their consequences. We use a real-life case study to illustrate how a scenario-planning exercise can guide the crucial stage of selecting relevant future competitors of a firm prior to engaging in a business-war-gaming exercise. We then introduce what we term the prospective competitive strategy process to guide the analysis of potential competitive dynamics, emphasizing the synergies between scenario planning and business wargaming.}, language = {en} } @article{SchimpfLausterSchwarzetal.2026, author = {Schimpf, Sven and Lauster, Michael and Schwarz, Jan Oliver and John, Marcus}, title = {Science fiction and innovation: A literature analysis on science fiction-related methods mapped into the innovation process}, volume = {2026}, pages = {103770}, journal = {Futures}, number = {177}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-6378}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2026.103770}, year = {2026}, abstract = {In the development of innovations over the past decades, data-driven methods have become commonplace. Alongside advantages in effectiveness and efficiency comes the danger of relying on data describing past rather than future developments which can result in a loss of imagination and creativity. In parallel, a growing awareness of the interface between innovation and science fiction can be observed in academia and among practitioners. This awareness is most often based on the hypothesis that taking inspiration from science fiction can create value in the development of innovations. Despite numerous case studies in the literature describing this interface, a major part of methods applied seem to have been chosen in an unstructured, almost random way. This study investigates the literature in search of science fiction-related methods able to support the development of innovations. With around 60.000 publications considered based on a high-level search, a refined search combined with a manual search led to 17 science fiction-related methods to support the development of innovations. Using a six-phase generic innovation process, the methods identified were mapped into the process based on semantic similarities between the objectives of each method and the objectives of innovation process phases. This mapping is understood as an overview and conceptualization offering a baseline for future academic research and guidance for practitioners on choosing the most appropriate science fiction-related methods for developing innovations.}, language = {en} }