@inproceedings{MangerPreiwischPeintneretal.2024, author = {Manger, Carina and Preiwisch, Anna and Peintner, Jakob and Martelaro, Nikolas and Krome, Sven and Dey, Debargha and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Reality Check: Insights from Experienced Users of Current Automated Driving Systems for an Updated AutoUI Research Agenda}, booktitle = {16th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Conference Proceedings}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0520-5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3641308.3677401}, pages = {249 -- 252}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{vonSawitzkyWintersbergerGrauschopfetal.2024, author = {von Sawitzky, Tamara and Wintersberger, Philipp and Grauschopf, Thomas and Riener, Andreas}, title = {How to Indicate Multiple Potential Hazards to Cyclists on Smart Glasses? Findings from a Focus Group Discussion with Research Experts and UX Students}, booktitle = {16th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Conference Proceedings}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0520-5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3641308.3685044}, pages = {178 -- 183}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MangerPreiwischPeintneretal.2024, author = {Manger, Carina and Preiwisch, Anna and Peintner, Jakob and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Reality Check: How Do Real-World Users Experience Current Automated Driving Systems?}, booktitle = {16th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Conference Proceedings}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0520-5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3641308.3685016}, pages = {16 -- 20}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BuschekHauptmannHeueretal.2022, author = {Buschek, Daniel and Hauptmann, Hanna and Heuer, Hendrik and Loepp, Benedikt and Riener, Andreas and Yigitbas, Enes}, title = {UCAI 2022: Workshop on User-Centered Artificial Intelligence}, booktitle = {Mensch und Computer 2022 - Workshopband}, editor = {Marky, Karola and Gr{\"u}nefeld, Uwe and Kosch, Thomas}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V.}, address = {Bonn}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2022-mci-ws12-119}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{PeintnerEscherDetjenetal.2024, author = {Peintner, Jakob and Escher, Bengt and Detjen, Henrik and Manger, Carina and Riener, Andreas}, title = {How to Design Human-Vehicle Cooperation for Automated Driving: A Review of Use Cases, Concepts, and Interfaces}, volume = {8}, pages = {16}, journal = {Multimodal Technologies and Interaction}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2414-4088}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/mti8030016}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Currently, a significant gap exists between academic and industrial research in automated driving development. Despite this, there is common sense that cooperative control approaches in automated vehicles will surpass the previously favored takeover paradigm in most driving situations due to enhanced driving performance and user experience. Yet, the application of these concepts in real driving situations remains unclear, and a holistic approach to driving cooperation is missing. Existing research has primarily focused on testing specific interaction scenarios and implementations. To address this gap and offer a contemporary perspective on designing human-vehicle cooperation in automated driving, we have developed a three-part taxonomy with the help of an extensive literature review. The taxonomy broadens the notion of driving cooperation towards a holistic and application-oriented view by encompassing (1) the "Cooperation Use Case", (2) the "Cooperation Frame", and (3) the "Human-Machine Interface". We validate the taxonomy by categorizing related literature and providing a detailed analysis of an exemplar paper. The proposed taxonomy offers designers and researchers a concise overview of the current state of driver cooperation and insights for future work. Further, the taxonomy can guide automotive HMI designers in ideation, communication, comparison, and reflection of cooperative driving interfaces.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HasirliogluRiener2019, author = {Hasirlioglu, Sinan and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Challenges in Object Detection Under Rainy Weather Conditions}, booktitle = {Intelligent Transport Systems, From Research and Development to the Market Uptake, Second EAI International Conference, INTSYS 2018 Guimar{\~a}es, Portugal, November 21-23, 2018, Proceedings}, editor = {Amaro Ferreira, Joao Carlos and Martins, Ana L{\´u}cia and Monteiro, Vitor}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-14757-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14757-0_5}, pages = {53 -- 65}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AmbacherFischerGauravetal.2023, author = {Ambacher, Julian and Fischer, Luci and Gaurav, Anand Bihari and Pietruschka, Maria and Spreng, Leoni and Wilkes, Jasmin and Zimmermann, Theresa and Peintner, Jakob and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Haptic Journey: The integration of gesture-controls and mid-air haptic feedback into ticket machines to foster better hygiene in public spaces}, booktitle = {Mensch und Computer 2023 - Workshopband}, editor = {Hirsch, L. and Kurz, M. and Wagener, N.}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V.}, address = {Bonn}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2023-mci-src-403}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HofferLellMaraletal.2023, author = {Hoffer, Sabrina and Lell, Alice and Maral, Muhammed and Rosbach, Emely and Reuter, Hannah and Muhammad, Muhammad and Talabani-Durmus, Larin and Ziegler, Carina and Peintner, Jakob and Riener, Andreas}, title = {HapTech: Intelligent controls in public spaces through mid-air haptic interaction}, booktitle = {Mensch und Computer 2023 - Workshopband}, editor = {Hirsch, L. and Kurz, M. and Wagener, N.}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V.}, address = {Bonn}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2023-mci-src-404}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @article{BauderPaulaPfeilschifteretal.2024, author = {Bauder, Maximilian and Paula, Daniel and Pfeilschifter, Claus and Petermeier, Franziska and Kubjatko, Tibor and Riener, Andreas and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Influences of Vehicle Communication on Human Driving Reactions: A Simulator Study on Reaction Times and Behavior for Forensic Accident Analysis}, volume = {24}, pages = {4481}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {14}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144481}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITSs) are mass-produced and sold in Europe, promising enhanced safety and comfort. Direct vehicle communication, known as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, is crucial in this context. Drivers receive warnings about potential hazards by exchanging vehicle status and environmental data with other communication-enabled vehicles. However, the impact of these warnings on drivers and their inclusion in accident reconstruction remains uncertain. Unlike sensor-based warnings, V2X warnings may not provide a visible reason for the alert, potentially affecting reaction times and behavior. In this work, a simulator study on V2X warnings was conducted with 32 participants to generate findings on reaction times and behavior for accident reconstruction in connection with these systems. Two scenarios from the Car-2-Car Communication Consortium were implemented: "Stationary Vehicle Warning—Broken-Down Vehicle" and "Dangerous Situation—Electronic Emergency Brake Lights". Volkswagen's warning concept was utilized, as they are the sole provider of cooperative vehicles in Europe. Results show that V2X warnings without visible reasons did not negatively impact reaction times or behavior, with average reaction times between 0.58 s (steering) and 0.69 s (braking). No significant distraction or search for warning reasons was observed. However, additional information in the warnings caused confusion and was seldom noticed by subjects. In this study, participants responded correctly and appropriately to the shown false-positive warnings. A wrong reaction triggering an accident is possible but unlikely. Overall, V2X warnings showed no negative impacts compared with sensor-based systems. This means that there are no differences in accident reconstruction regarding the source of the warning (sensors or communication). However, it is important that it is known that there was a warning, which is why the occurrence of V2X warnings should also be saved in the EDR in the future.}, language = {en} } @article{SchreiberRienerWeissenbergeretal.2024, author = {Schreiber, Luca and Riener, Andreas and Weißenberger, Markus and Shah, Tanmesh}, title = {Design and Evaluation of a Multifaceted Virtual Reality Learning Environment}, volume = {23}, journal = {IEEE Pervasive Computing}, number = {2}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {1558-2590}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2024.3380788}, pages = {56 -- 61}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @article{PaulaBauderPfeilschifteretal.2023, author = {Paula, Daniel and Bauder, Maximilian and Pfeilschifter, Claus and Petermeier, Franziska and Kubjatko, Tibor and B{\"o}hm, Klaus and Riener, Andreas and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Impact of Partially Automated Driving Functions on Forensic Accident Reconstruction: A Simulator Study on Driver Reaction Behavior in the Event of a Malfunctioning System Behavior}, volume = {23}, pages = {9785}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {24}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249785}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Partially automated driving functions (SAE Level 2) can control a vehicle's longitudinal and lateral movements. However, taking over the driving task involves automation risks that the driver must manage. In severe accidents, the driver's ability to avoid a collision must be assessed, considering their expected reaction behavior. The primary goal of this study is to generate essential data on driver reaction behavior in case of malfunctions in partially automated driving functions for use in legal affairs. A simulator study with two scenarios involving 32 subjects was conducted for this purpose. The first scenario investigated driver reactions to system limitations during cornering. The results show that none of the subjects could avoid leaving their lane and moving into the oncoming lane and, therefore, could not control the situation safely. Due to partial automation, we could also identify a new part of the reaction time, the hands-on time, which leads to increased steering reaction times of 1.18 to 1.74 s. The second scenario examined driver responses to phantom braking caused by AEBS. We found that 25 of the 32 subjects could not override the phantom braking by pressing the accelerator pedal, although 16 subjects were informed about the system analog to the actual vehicle manuals. Overall, the study suggests that the current legal perspective on vehicle control and the expected driver reaction behavior for accident avoidance should be reconsidered.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PichlerRiener2015, author = {Pichler, Benjamin and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Evaluation of historical electric vehicle (EV) driving data to suggest improvements in driving efficiency}, booktitle = {Adjunct Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-3858-5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2809730.2809756}, pages = {130 -- 135}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchartmuellerRiener2015, author = {Schartm{\"u}ller, Clemens and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Field studies to investigate safety distance violation with a low-cost observation system}, booktitle = {Adjunct Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-3858-5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2809730.2809741}, pages = {106 -- 111}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @article{KunBoyleReimeretal.2013, author = {Kun, Andrew and Boyle, Linda Ng and Reimer, Bryan and Riener, Andreas}, title = {AutomotiveUI: Interacting with Technology in Vehicles}, volume = {12}, journal = {IEEE Pervasive Computing}, number = {2}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {1536-1268}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2013.27}, pages = {80 -- 82}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{vonSawitzkyGrauschopfRiener2023, author = {von Sawitzky, Tamara and Grauschopf, Thomas and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Supporting Cyclists through Hazard Notification Systems: Insights from the Evaluation of Notification Modalities with a Head-mounted Wearable System}, booktitle = {Mensch und Computer 2023 - Workshopband}, editor = {Fr{\"o}hlich, Peter and Cobus, Vanessa}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V.}, address = {Bonn}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2023-mci-ws03-469}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HimmelsParduziFischeretal.2023, author = {Himmels, Chantal and Parduzi, Arben and Fischer, Martin and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Towards a Common Understanding of Driving Simulator Validity}, booktitle = {15th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces: Adjunct Conference Proceedings}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0112-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3581961.3609895}, pages = {191 -- 196}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeiglBeckerBoschetal.2020, author = {Weigl, Klemens and Becker, Sinja and Bosch, Karolin and Thai, Nhien and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Impact of Auditory Listening on Emotional States in Self-paced Outdoor Running}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support}, publisher = {SciTePress}, address = {Set{\´u}bal}, isbn = {978-989-758-481-7}, issn = {2184-2825}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5220/0009980201890196}, pages = {189 -- 196}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EscherHerdeNikolaietal.2025, author = {Escher, Bengt and Herde, Jonas and Nikolai, Florian and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Regulating Teleoperation on Public Roads: Key Takeaways From an Expert Workshop}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3315-3803-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IV64158.2025.11097504}, pages = {2601 -- 2606}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MosaferchiRienerNajafiGhobadietal.2025, author = {Mosaferchi, Saeedeh and Riener, Andreas and Najafi-Ghobadi, Khadijeh and Li, Tingnan and Naddeo, Alessandro}, title = {Shaping Affective Trust in Automated Vehicles: The Interplay of Initial Trust, Gender, and Biophilic Design}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3315-3803-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IV64158.2025.11097605}, pages = {1293 -- 1298}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuellerValsangkarRashidetal.2025, author = {M{\"u}ller, Hannah Maria and Valsangkar, Natalie Sachin and Rashid, Warda and Bhanderi, Smit and Berghegger, Lukas Peter and Kolhe, Ritvik Rajiv and Malik, Maham and Sukani, Meetkumar and Volkan, Berde and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Ride Recall: An Aftermarket Item-Reminder System for Shared \& Rented Cars}, booktitle = {Adjunct Conference Proceedings: 17th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, September 22-25, 2025, Brisbane, Australia}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-2014-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3744335.3756858}, pages = {352 -- 355}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @article{KolffHimmelsVenrooijetal.2025, author = {Kolff, Maurice and Himmels, Chantal and Venrooij, Joost and Parduzi, Arben and Pool, Daan M. and Riener, Andreas and Mulder, Max}, title = {Effect of motion mismatches on ratings of motion incongruence and simulator sickness in urban driving simulations}, volume = {2025}, pages = {103370}, journal = {Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour}, number = {115}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-5517}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2025.103370}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This paper investigates the effects of motion mismatches on simulator sickness and subjective ratings of the motion. In an open-loop driving simulator experiment, participants were driven through a recorded urban drive twelve times, in which mismatches were induced by manipulating the following three aspects in motion cueing: (i) mismatches in specific vehicle axes, (ii) mismatch types (scaling, missing, and false cues), and (iii) inconsistent scaling between different motion axes. Subjects (N=52) reported simulator sickness post-hoc (after each drive), as well as continuously during each drive, a first in simulator sickness research. Furthermore, subjective post-hoc motion incongruence ratings on the quality of the motion were extracted. Results show that longitudinal motion mismatches lead to the most simulator sickness and the highest ratings, followed by mismatches in lateral motion, then yaw rate. False cues induce the most sickness, followed by missing and then scaled motion. Inconsistent scaling between the axes has no significant effect. The continuous sickness ratings support that the occurrence and severity of simulator sickness are indeed related to mismatches in simulator motion of specific maneuvers. This paper contributes to an improved understanding of the relationship between simulator motion and sickness, allowing for more targeted motion cueing strategies to prevent and reduce sickness in driving simulators. These strategies may include the appropriate selection of the simulator, the motion cueing, and the sample of participants, following the presented results.}, language = {en} } @article{FrisonWintersbergerRiener2019, author = {Frison, Anna-Katharina and Wintersberger, Philipp and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Resurrecting the ghost in the shell: a need-centered development approach for optimizing user experience in highly automated vehicles}, volume = {2019}, journal = {Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour}, number = {65}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-5517}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.08.001}, pages = {439 -- 456}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{WeiglSchartmuellerRieneretal.2021, author = {Weigl, Klemens and Schartm{\"u}ller, Clemens and Riener, Andreas and Steinhauser, Marco}, title = {Development of the Questionnaire on the Acceptance of Automated Driving (QAAD): Data-driven models for Level 3 and Level 5 automated driving}, volume = {2021}, journal = {Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour}, number = {83}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1369-8478}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2021.09.011}, pages = {42 -- 59}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HaimerlRadetzkyBrenneretal.2025, author = {Haimerl, Mathias and Radetzky, Laura and Brenner, Evi Stefanie and Strapak, Viktoria and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Leveling the Playing Field}, booktitle = {MuC´25: Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Mensch und Computer}, subtitle = {Neurodiversity in Research using the Potential of Gamified Questionnaires}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-1582-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3743049.3748578}, pages = {659 -- 667}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Participating in studies with lengthy questionnaires can be exhausting, especially for individuals with disabilities or neurodivergent individuals. Gamification can potentially enhance user experience (UX) and, thus, create a more inclusive engagement with studies. This study investigates gamified studies' UX for neurodivergent persons. A gamified version of the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire - Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) was created using motivational theory and the gamification frameworks Marczewski's Periodic Table of Gamification Elements and Gamification User Types Hexad Scale. First results of a preliminary comparative survey with N = 72 (gamified n = 31) suggest that gamification increases the UX for neurodivergent participants.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NeufeldHeimKlingeretal.2025, author = {Neufeld, Lisa and Heim, Elena and Klinger, Madita Joy and Himmels, Chantal and B{\"o}ck, Henrike and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Beats vs. Talks: Alleviating Virtual Reality Sickness with Music and Podcasts}, booktitle = {MuC´25: Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Mensch und Computer}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-1582-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3743049.3748539}, pages = {488 -- 493}, year = {2025}, abstract = {As virtual reality (VR) technology advances, its potential for widespread application increases. However, VR sickness (VRS) remains a major obstacle to broader adoption. This study investigates the effect of auditory stimuli on VRS during VR experiences. It contrasts the effects of music and podcasts, with a no-sound environment serving as reference. Twenty-three participants experienced three different auditory conditions during a VR roller coaster ride in a randomized, balanced order. VRS was quantified using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and physiological data. The SSQ results indicate that music significantly reduced oculomotor disturbances and disorientation, while podcasts had no positive effects. The physiological data demonstrated no significant effects. The majority of participants preferred the music scenario, describing it as relaxing and pleasant. This highlights the potential of music, especially when self-selected and perceived as pleasant, to improve VR experience by significantly reducing VRS. This effect appears to be independent of physiological data.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AppelBoeckHompfetal.2025, author = {Appel, Patricia B. and B{\"o}ck, Henrike and Hompf, Filippa Viktoria Franziska and Pl{\"u}mer, Kolja Sam and Russ, Sarah and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Understanding Bystander Preferences for Medical Emergency Support Measures in VR-Simulated eVTOL Flights}, booktitle = {MuC´25: Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Mensch und Computer}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-1582-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3743049.3748549}, pages = {755 -- 760}, year = {2025}, abstract = {With the emergence of Urban Air Mobility (UAM), eVTOLs are set to revolutionize the way of traveling. However, there will be situations where things do not go as planned, such as medical emergencies during a flight. Due to the lack of cabin crew, tailored support measures must be identified to ensure passenger safety and well-being. To explore how potential passengers perceive medical emergencies on board as bystanders and what kind of assistance they expect, we conducted a VR study. The results show significant increases in negative emotions during a medical in-flight emergency. Moreover, support measures involving human interaction were rated significantly higher than those relying solely on information displayed on onboard screens. Particularly well-received were pilot announcements. For UAM to enter the market successfully, it is essential to address passenger needs in critical situations. Our findings provide valuable insights into shaping effective and user-centered emergency support strategies for eVTOL operations.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PfeilschifterHegnerPeintneretal.2023, author = {Pfeilschifter, Claus and Hegner, Franziska and Peintner, Jakob and Weißenberger, Markus and Riener, Andreas}, title = {"I want to platoon a lot... or maybe just a little?" - An interactive experience for automated platooning.}, booktitle = {15th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces: Adjunct Conference Proceedings}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0112-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3581961.3609848}, pages = {297 -- 299}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PeintnerMalveSadeghianetal.2025, author = {Peintner, Jakob and Malve, Bhavana and Sadeghian, Shadan and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Driving Together: An Analysis of Passengers' Needs and Desire for Cooperative Control in Automated Vehicles}, booktitle = {MuC´25: Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Mensch und Computer}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-1582-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3743049.3743061}, pages = {333 -- 344}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Driving automation aims to enhance comfort, safety, and traffic flow by removing the human driver from the control loop. However, the human experience of commuting involves more than just reaching a destination or assuming the role of a driver. Factors like personal driving style and courtesy towards fellow road users are integral to the driving experience but often overlooked in the development of driving algorithms for automated vehicles. In this study, we explored the needs of passengers in highly automated vehicles. A qualitative use case analysis was conducted (N=16). In a second study, N=15 participants experienced the resulting use cases in an automated vehicle. In these scenarios, they were able to interact with the automation through a cooperation HMI. Results indicate that most participants expressed a desire for cooperative driving, albeit varying with the driving situation. Moreover, allowing cooperation improves passengers' overall experience by satisfying psychological needs for autonomy, security, competence, and relatedness.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MalvePeintnerSadeghianetal.2023, author = {Malve, Bhavana and Peintner, Jakob and Sadeghian, Shadan and Riener, Andreas}, title = {"Do You Want to Drive Together?" - A Use Case Analysis on Cooperative, Automated Driving}, booktitle = {15th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces: Adjunct Conference Proceedings}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0112-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3581961.3609871}, pages = {209 -- 214}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @article{MangerVoglRiener2025, author = {Manger, Carina and Vogl, Annalena and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Cognitive Biases in User Interaction with Automated Vehicles: The Influence of Explainability and Mental Models}, volume = {15}, pages = {11030}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {20}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2076-3417}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/app152011030}, year = {2025}, abstract = {To develop truly human-centered automated systems, it is essential to acknowledge that human reasoning is prone to systematic deviations from rational judgment, known as Cognitive Biases. The present study investigated such flawed reasoning in the context of automated driving. In a multi-step study with N = 34 participants, the occurrence of four Cognitive Biases was examined: Truthiness Effect, Automation Bias, Action Bias, and Illusory Control. Additionally, the study explored how the Explainability of the automation's behavior and the driver's Mental Model influenced the manifestation of these biases. The findings indicate a notable susceptibility to the Truthiness Effect and Illusory Control, although all biases appeared highly dependent on the specific driving context. Moreover, Explainability strongly impacted the perceived credibility of information and participants' agreement with the system's behavior. Given the exploratory nature of the study, this work aims to initiate a discussion on how Cognitive Biases shape human reasoning and decision-making in interactions with automated vehicles. Based on the results, several directions for future research are proposed: (1) investigation of additional cognitive biases, (2) analysis of biases across different levels of automation, (3) exploration of mitigation strategies versus deliberate use of biases, (4) examination of dynamic and context-dependent manifestations, and (5) validation in high-fidelity simulations or real-world settings.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EhsanWintersbergerLiaoetal.2022, author = {Ehsan, Upol and Wintersberger, Philipp and Liao, Q. Vera and Watkins, Elizabeth Anne and Manger, Carina and Daum{\´e} III, Hal and Riener, Andreas and Riedl, Mark O.}, title = {Human-Centered Explainable AI (HCXAI): Beyond opening the black-box of AI}, pages = {109}, booktitle = {CHI'22: Extended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, editor = {Diniz Junqueira Barbosa, Simone and Lampe, Cliff and Appert, Caroline and Shamma, David}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-9156-6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3503727}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EhsanWintersbergerWatkinsetal.2023, author = {Ehsan, Upol and Wintersberger, Philipp and Watkins, Elizabeth Anne and Manger, Carina and Ramos, Gonzalo A. and Weisz, Justin and Daum{\´e} III, Hal and Riener, Andreas and Riedl, Mark O.}, title = {Human-Centered Explainable AI (HCXAI): Coming of age}, pages = {353}, booktitle = {CHI EA '23: Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-9422-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3544549.3573832}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @article{PeintnerMangerBergeretal.2025, author = {Peintner, Jakob and Manger, Carina and Berger, Melanie and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Balancing transparency and control: The impact of AI explanation detail on user perception in automated vehicles}, volume = {2025}, pages = {101742}, journal = {Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives}, number = {34}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2590-1982}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2025.101742}, year = {2025}, abstract = {As automated vehicle technology advances, explainable AI has emerged as a critical tool to enable users to understand and predict the behavior of AI systems, particularly in safety-critical applications such as automated driving. However, increased transparency in AI explanations may inadvertently contribute to an "illusion of control", a cognitive bias in which drivers overestimate their influence or understanding of the AI's actions. We aim to better understand how the level of detail in AI explanations affects users of automated vehicles. In a virtual reality study, N = 44 participants experienced different explanation levels (low, medium, high) in an automated ride (SAE L4) compared to a baseline condition with no explanations. The results show a significant improvement in participants' user experience, acceptance, and explanation satisfaction, with more detailed explanations. Our findings also indicate that as AI explanations become more detailed, users' perceived level of control increases significantly, although this perception does not correlate with actual control capabilities. At the same time, it decreased their desire to take control, indicating users' susceptibility to the 'illusion of control' bias in the context of automated driving. Overall, this suggests that the design of explanation interfaces should strive for a balanced level of detail that promotes AI transparency without causing cognitive overload. At the same time, explainable AI can be utilized to decrease users' desire to intervene in the AI's actions.}, language = {en} } @article{HimmelsBuchnerSchmitzetal.2025, author = {Himmels, Chantal and Buchner, Claudia and Schmitz, Jan and Parduzi, Arben and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Validity of Driver Assistance Systems in Driving Simulators: A Comparative Study of Real-World Driving and Two Simulator Environments}, volume = {41}, journal = {International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction}, number = {23}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London}, issn = {1044-7318}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2495120}, pages = {15197 -- 15214}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OberhoferSchmidtWildetal.2019, author = {Oberhofer, Amelie and Schmidt, Sabrina and Wild, Clara and Frison, Anna-Katharina and Riener, Andreas}, title = {The influence of user openness on acceptance and UX of smart speakers}, booktitle = {Mensch und Computer 2019: Tagungsband}, editor = {Alt, Florian and Bulling, Andreas and D{\"o}ring, Tanja}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-7198-8}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3340764.3344879}, pages = {621 -- 625}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{WintersbergerFrisonRieneretal.2018, author = {Wintersberger, Philipp and Frison, Anna-Katharina and Riener, Andreas and von Sawitzky, Tamara}, title = {Fostering User Acceptance and Trust in Fully Automated Vehicles: Evaluating the Potential of Augmented Reality}, volume = {27}, journal = {Presence: Virtual and Augmented Reality}, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1531-3263}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00320}, pages = {46 -- 62}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @article{RienerGabbardTrivedi2018, author = {Riener, Andreas and Gabbard, Joseph and Trivedi, Mohan}, title = {Special Issue of "Presence: Virtual and Augmented Reality" Virtual and Augmented Reality for Autonomous Driving and Intelligent Vehicles: Guest Editors' Introduction}, volume = {27}, journal = {Presence: Virtual and Augmented Reality}, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1531-3263}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1162/pres_e_00323}, pages = {i -- iv}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DecaroBogarinHeurichAppeletal.2025, author = {Decaro, Gianluca and Bogarin Heurich, Sofia and Appel, Patricia B. and Kul, Sergen and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Too Close for Comfort? The Impact of eVTOL-Overflights in Residential Areas on Non-Users' Acceptance}, booktitle = {MuC´25: Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Mensch und Computer}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-1582-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3743049.3748548}, pages = {744 -- 748}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Urban Air Mobility (UAM) has the potential to revolutionize commuting by allowing passengers to travel quickly and efficiently within and between cities and airports. However, this innovation also raises concerns for residents on the ground, who are expected to tolerate frequent eVTOL overflights above their homes - an issue that this paper seeks to address. To investigate acceptance of eVTOLs from the perspective of residents on the ground being overflown at 1000 ft, 1500 ft, and 2000 ft, a virtual reality study was conducted. Results showed significant differences in emotions, the feeling of being disturbed by the noise, the spatial proximity, and the presence of the eVTOL in lower altitudes. Additionally, privacy concerns were expressed. The findings help the scientific community and regulators in developing guidelines for operating eVTOLs in residential areas in an acceptable manner for non-passengers.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RollwagenHornSchmidtneretal.2025, author = {Rollwagen, Alice and Horn, Alexander and Schmidtner, Stefanie and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Communicating Uncertainty in Arrival Time Predictions for Public Transport: A Comparison of Point and Interval Forecasts}, booktitle = {MuC´25: Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Mensch und Computer}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-1582-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3743049.3748542}, pages = {515 -- 519}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In public transport, arrival times are typically communicated as point forecasts, aiming to present precise estimates. However, current prediction models are unable to provide such precise and reliable estimates due to unpredictable events. This results in arrival times on passenger information systems appearing inaccurate due to the lack of communicated uncertainty. We therefore investigated interval forecasts as an alternative in an online study, aiming to better communicate uncertainty in arrival times. Our findings indicate that interval forecasts improve the communication of uncertainty. Further, user satisfaction was driven primarily by waiting time, and this relationship was moderated by the forecast concept. Point forecasts were only well received when the bus arrived as predicted, otherwise users preferred the broader interval forecasts. Participants valued accuracy over precision when judging arrival times.}, language = {en} } @article{HaimerlColleyRiener2022, author = {Haimerl, Mathias and Colley, Mark and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Evaluation of Common External Communication Concepts of Automated Vehicles for People With Intellectual Disabilities}, volume = {6}, pages = {182}, journal = {Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction}, number = {MHCI}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, issn = {2573-0142}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3546717}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HaimerlRiener2021, author = {Haimerl, Mathias and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Design of qualitative surveys for persons with intellectual disorders}, booktitle = {MuC '21: Mensch und Computer 2021}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-8645-6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3473856.3473990}, pages = {189 -- 193}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AmmelingMangerKwakaetal.2023, author = {Ammeling, Jonas and Manger, Carina and Kwaka, Elias and Kr{\"u}gel, Sebastian and Uhl, Matthias and Kießig, Angelika and Fritz, Alexis and Ganz, Jonathan and Riener, Andreas and Bertram, Christof and Breininger, Katharina and Aubreville, Marc}, title = {Appealing but Potentially Biasing - Investigation of the Visual Representation of Segmentation Predictions by AI Recommender Systems for Medical Decision Making}, booktitle = {Mensch und Computer 2023: Building Bridges: Tagungsband (Proceedings)}, editor = {Stolze, Markus and Loch, Frieder and Baldauf, Matthias and Alt, Florian and Schneegass, Christina and Kosch, Thomas and Hirzle, Teresa and Sadeghian, Shadan and Draxler, Fiona and Bektas, Kenan and Lohan, Katrin and Knierim, Pascal}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0771-1}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3603555.3608561}, pages = {330 -- 335}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{YuShedgeMohamedetal.2025, author = {Yu, Hang and Shedge, Krishnakant and Mohamed, Nourhan and Samak, Nada and Binsad, Waleed and Bhosale, Simantini and Kim, Eunji and Kondvilkar, Shreya and Riener, Andreas}, title = {AwareDoor: Enhancing Vehicle-Exit Safety via Multimodal Risk Communication}, booktitle = {Adjunct Conference Proceedings: 17th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, September 22-25, 2025, Brisbane, Australia}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-2014-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3744335.3756856}, pages = {345 -- 348}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MangerPreiwischRiener2025, author = {Manger, Carina and Preiwisch, Anna and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Invisible Barriers: Understanding and Supporting the Mobility Needs and Challenges of Individuals with Mental Health Conditions}, booktitle = {Adjunct Conference Proceedings: 17th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, September 22-25, 2025, Brisbane, Australia}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-2014-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3744335.3758489}, pages = {100 -- 105}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DenkHimmelsAndreevetal.2024, author = {Denk, Florian and Himmels, Chantal and Andreev, Vladislav and Lindner, Johannes and Syed, Arslan Ali and Riener, Andreas and Huber, Werner and Kates, Ronald}, title = {Studying Interactions of Motorists and Vulnerable Road Users: Empirical Comparison of Test Track and Simulator Experiments}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3503-9946-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC57777.2023.10421865}, pages = {992 -- 999}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HimmelsAndreevSyedetal.2023, author = {Himmels, Chantal and Andreev, Vladislav and Syed, Arslan Ali and Lindner, Johannes and Denk, Florian and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Are Head-mounted Displays Really Not Suitable for Driving Simulation? A Comparison with a Screen-Based Simulator}, booktitle = {IEEE IV 2023: Symposium Proceedings}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3503-4691-6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IV55152.2023.10186592}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PeintnerMangerAlvarezetal.2025, author = {Peintner, Jakob and Manger, Carina and Alvarez, Ignacio and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Enhancing Pedestrian Realism in Adverse-Weather Driving Simulations Using Motion Capture Data}, booktitle = {Adjunct Conference Proceedings: 17th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, September 22-25, 2025, Brisbane, Australia}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-2014-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3744335.3758507}, pages = {214 -- 219}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RollwagenAlvarezRiener2025, author = {Rollwagen, Alice and Alvarez, Ignacio and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Reality Check: Real-World Observations of State-of-the-Art Driver Assistance Systems}, booktitle = {Adjunct Conference Proceedings: 17th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, September 22-25, 2025, Brisbane, Australia}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-2014-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3744335.3758487}, pages = {88 -- 93}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaghvaniGerberRiener2025, author = {Raghvani, Vidhi and Gerber, Michael A. and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Inclusive Vehicle Dashboard Design: Supporting Neuro diverse ADHD Drivers Through Visual Simplicity}, booktitle = {Adjunct Conference Proceedings: 17th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, September 22-25, 2025, Brisbane, Australia}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-2014-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3744335.3756860}, pages = {359 -- 361}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KarurRienerAlvarezetal.2025, author = {Karur, Krishna Sahithi and Riener, Andreas and Alvarez, Ignacio and Wintersberger, Philipp and Park, Jeongeun and Lee, Seulchan}, title = {1st Workshop on Exploring the Potential of XAI and HMI to Alleviate Ethical, Legal, and Social Conflicts in Automated Vehicles}, booktitle = {Adjunct Conference Proceedings: 17th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, September 22-25, 2025, Brisbane, Australia}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-2014-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3744335.3749143}, pages = {295 -- 297}, year = {2025}, language = {en} }