@article{BoehmKubjatkoPaulaetal.2020, author = {B{\"o}hm, Klaus and Kubjatko, Tibor and Paula, Daniel and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {New developments on EDR (Event Data Recorder) for automated vehicles}, volume = {10}, journal = {Open Engineering}, number = {1}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2391-5439}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0007}, pages = {140 -- 146}, year = {2020}, abstract = {With the upcoming new legislative rules in the EU on Event Data Recorder beginning 2022 the question is whether the discussed data base is sufficient for the needs of clarifying accidents involving automated vehicles. Based on the reconstruction of real accidents including vehicles with ADAS combined with specially designed crash tests a broader data base than US EDR regulation (NHTSA 49 CFR Part 563.7) is proposed. The working group AHEAD, to which the authors contribute, has already elaborated a data model that fits the needs of automated driving. The structure of this data model is shown. Moreover, the special benefits of storing internal video or photo feeds form the vehicle camera systems combined with object data is illustrated. When using a sophisticate 3D measurement method of the accident scene the videos or photos can also serve as a control instance for the stored vehicle data. The AHEAD Data Model enhanced with the storage of the video and photo feeds should be considered in the planned roadmap of the Informal Working Group (IWG) on EDR/ DSSAD (Data Storage System for Automated Driving) reporting to UNECE WP29. Also, a data access over the air using technology already applied in China for electric vehicles called Real Time Monitoring would allow a quantum leap in forensic accident reconstruction.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{PaulaBauderPfeilschifteretal.2023, author = {Paula, Daniel and Bauder, Maximilian and Pfeilschifter, Claus and Petermeier, Franziska and Kubjatko, Tibor and B{\"o}hm, Klaus and Riener, Andreas and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Impact of Partially Automated Driving Functions on Forensic Accident Reconstruction: A Simulator Study on Driver Reaction Behavior in the Event of a Malfunctioning System Behavior}, publisher = {Preprints}, address = {Basel}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.0947.v1}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Partially automated driving functions (SAE Level 2) can control a vehicle's longitudinal and lateral movements. However, taking over the driving task involves automation risks that the driver must manage. In severe accidents, the driver's ability to avoid a collision must be assessed, considering their expected reaction behavior. The primary goal of this study is to generate essential data on driver reaction behavior in case of malfunctions in partially automated driving functions for use in legal affairs. A simulator study with two scenarios involving 32 subjects was conducted for this purpose. The first scenario investigated driver reactions to system limitations during cornering. The second scenario examined driver responses to phantom braking caused by the AEBS. As a result, the first scenario shows that none of the subjects could control the situation safely. Due to partial automation, we could also identify a new part of the reaction time, the hands-on time, which leads to increased steering reaction times of 1.18 to 1.74 seconds. In the second scenario, we found that 25 of the 32 subjects could not override the phantom braking by pressing the accelerator pedal, although 16 subjects were informed about the system analog to the actual vehicle manuals. Overall, the study suggests that the current legal perspective on vehicle control and the expected driver reaction behavior for accident avoidance should be reconsidered.}, language = {en} } @article{BlaschvanderGrijpPetrovicsetal.2021, author = {Blasch, Julia and van der Grijp, Nicolien M. and Petrovics, Daniel and Palm, Jenny and Bocken, Nancy and Darby, Sarah J. and Barnes, Jacob and Hansen, Paula and Kamin, Tanja and Golob, Ursa and Andor, Mark and Sommer, Stephan and Nicita, Agatino and Musolino, Monica and Mlinaric, Masa}, title = {New clean energy communities in polycentric settings}, volume = {2021}, pages = {102276}, journal = {Energy Research \& Social Science}, subtitle = {four avenues for future research}, number = {82}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2214-6296}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102276}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Given the gaps between EU ambitions regarding energy community development and the current reality of clean energy communities in Europe, we explore a research framework enabling viable multi- and interdisciplinary research into new clean energy communities. We offer a definition of new clean energy communities, discuss their potential for wider dissemination and identify four factors that contribute to the current mismatch between ambitions and reality in energy community development. As a broader framework for interdisciplinary research into the field of new clean energy communities, we propose polycentric governance theory, considering the fact that the area of community energy systems is essentially multi-scalar, and that the rules of engagement in such systems are of great significance. This opens up four avenues for research on energy communities, which we outline in terms of enabling institutional contexts, potential for learning and transferability, business models and value propositions, and evaluation of outcomes and processes.}, language = {en} } @article{FothenBoehmPaula2020, author = {Fothen, Christoph and B{\"o}hm, Klaus and Paula, Daniel}, title = {Kann die Verwendung digitaler Fahrzeugdaten zur Rekonstruktion von Verkehrsunf{\"a}llen unterhalb der Schwelle schwerster Unfallereignisse verh{\"a}ltnism{\"a}ßig sein?}, volume = {33}, journal = {NZV: Neue Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Verkehrsrecht}, number = {6}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {0934-1307}, url = {https://beck-online.beck.de/Bcid/Y-300-Z-NZV-B-2020-S-284-N-1}, pages = {284 -- 289}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WechBoehmSchweigeretal.2020, author = {Wech, Lothar and B{\"o}hm, Klaus and Schweiger, Hans-Georg and Paula, Daniel}, title = {Event Data Recorder (EDR) for automated vehicles}, booktitle = {SafetyWeek : Die Zukunft der Fahrzeugsicherheit}, subtitle = {Legal certainty and data privacy for all}, doi = {https://www.carhs.de/de/publikationen/product/safetyweek-2020-replay.html}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PaulaBoehmKubjatkoetal.2021, author = {Paula, Daniel and B{\"o}hm, Klaus and Kubjatko, Tibor and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Challenges in forensic reconstruction of traffic accidents involving Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 29th Annual Congress of the EVU}, publisher = {EVU}, address = {Berlin}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PaulaSchweigerBoehm2020, author = {Paula, Daniel and Schweiger, Hans-Georg and B{\"o}hm, Klaus}, title = {Reconstruction of traffic accidents with automated and electrified vehicles}, booktitle = {20. Internationales Stuttgarter Symposium: Automobil- und Motorentechnik, Band 1}, editor = {Bargende, Michael and Reuss, Hans-Christian and Wagner, Andreas}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-29942-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29943-9_28}, pages = {357 -- 371}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoehmPaulaWechetal.2019, author = {B{\"o}hm, Klaus and Paula, Daniel and Wech, Lothar and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Event Data Recorder (EDR) for accidents with automated vehicles}, booktitle = {12. VDI-Tagung Fahrzeugsicherheit: Fahrzeugsicherheit im Umfeld von neuen Rating- und Gesetzesanforderungen}, subtitle = {the accident analysis of the future}, publisher = {VDI Verlag}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, isbn = {978-3-18-092364-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51202/9783181023648-349}, pages = {349 -- 364}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @article{BauderLechelerWechetal.2022, author = {Bauder, Maximilian and Lecheler, Katrin and Wech, Lothar and B{\"o}hm, Klaus and Paula, Daniel and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Determination of accident scenarios via freely available accident databases}, volume = {12}, journal = {Open Engineering}, number = {1}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2391-5439}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0047}, pages = {453 -- 467}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The derivation of real accident scenarios from accident databases represents an important task within vehicle safety research. Simulations are increasingly used for this purpose. Depending on the research interest, a wide range of accident databases exists worldwide, which differ mainly in the number of recorded data per accident and availability. This work aims to identify critical vehicle-to-vehicle accidents based on freely available accident databases to derive concrete scenarios for a subsequent simulation. For this purpose, the method of the pre-crash matrix is applied using the example of the freely available Crash Investigation Sampling System database of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. An analysis of existing databases worldwide shows that this is the most detailed, freely available database. The derivation of scenarios succeeds here by a new method, whereby a center of gravity calculation is carried out based on the damages of the vehicles according to Collision Deformation Classification nomenclature. In addition, the determination of other necessary parameters, as well as the limits of the database, is shown in order to derive a scenario that can be simulated. As a result, the constellations of the five most frequent vehicle-to-vehicle accident scenarios according to the Crash Investigation Sampling System database are presented. In particular, other institutions should follow National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's example and make data freely available for accident research.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PaulaBoehmKubjatkoetal.2021, author = {Paula, Daniel and B{\"o}hm, Klaus and Kubjatko, Tibor and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) Experiments for Traffic Accident Reconstruction}, booktitle = {Transport Means 2021: Proceedings of the 25th International Scientific Conference - Part I}, publisher = {Kaunas University of Technology}, address = {Kaunas}, issn = {2351-7034}, url = {https://transportmeans.ktu.edu/transport-means-2021/}, pages = {108 -- 112}, year = {2021}, language = {en} }