@inproceedings{MangerVoglRosbachetal.2023, author = {Manger, Carina and Vogl, Annalena and Rosbach, Emely and Ziegler, Carina and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Automation's Not Perfect But Neither Are We: Unveiling Illusionary Control And Automation Bias In Automated Driving}, booktitle = {15th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces: Adjunct Conference Proceedings}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0112-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3581961.3609897}, pages = {25 -- 29}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MangerPreiwischGambirasioetal.2023, author = {Manger, Carina and Preiwisch, Anna and Gambirasio, Chiara and Golks, Simon and Schuß, Martina and Riener, Andreas}, title = {We're in This Together: Exploring Explanation Needs and Methods in Shared Automated Shuttle Buses}, booktitle = {Proceedings of MUM 2023: the 22nd International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia}, editor = {Michahelles, Florian and Knierim, Pascal and H{\"a}kkil{\"a}, Jonna}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0921-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3626705.3627798}, pages = {145 -- 151}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MangerPuschThoeneetal.2023, author = {Manger, Carina and Pusch, Florian and Th{\"o}ne, Manuel and Wenger, Marco and L{\"o}cken, Andreas and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Explainability in Automated Parking: The Effect of Augmented Reality Visualizations on User Experience and Situation Awareness}, booktitle = {Proceedings of MUM 2023: the 22nd International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia}, editor = {Michahelles, Florian and Knierim, Pascal and H{\"a}kkil{\"a}, Jonna}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0921-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3626705.3627796}, pages = {146 -- 152}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MangerPeintnerDevarajuetal.2023, author = {Manger, Carina and Peintner, Jakob and Devaraju, Manoj and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Good Vibes Only: A Comparative Study of Seat Vibration Concepts for Redirecting Driver Attention During Visual Distraction}, booktitle = {Proceedings of MUM 2023: the 22nd International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia}, editor = {Michahelles, Florian and Knierim, Pascal and H{\"a}kkil{\"a}, Jonna}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0921-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3626705.3631786}, pages = {492 -- 494}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EscherMangerDaouetal.2023, author = {Escher, Bengt and Manger, Carina and Daou, Makram and D{\"u}nninger, Theresa and Riener, Andreas}, title = {A Comparative Analysis of Preferred Communication Options of Passengers in Networked Shared Automated Vehicles}, booktitle = {Proceedings of MUM 2023: the 22nd International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia}, editor = {Michahelles, Florian and Knierim, Pascal and H{\"a}kkil{\"a}, Jonna}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0921-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3626705.3631801}, pages = {541 -- 543}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EhsanWatkinsWintersbergeretal.2025, author = {Ehsan, Upol and Watkins, Elizabeth Anne and Wintersberger, Philipp and Manger, Carina and Hubig, Nina and Savage, Saiph and Weisz, Justin and Riener, Andreas}, title = {New Frontiers of Human-centered Explainable AI (HCXAI): Participatory Civic AI, Benchmarking LLMs, XAI Hallucinations, and Responsible AI Audits}, pages = {793}, booktitle = {CHI'25: Extended Abstracts of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, editor = {Yamashita, Naomi and Evers, Vanessa and Yatani, Koji and Ding, Xianghua}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-1395-8}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3706599.3706713}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EhsanWatkinsWintersbergeretal.2024, author = {Ehsan, Upol and Watkins, Elizabeth Anne and Wintersberger, Philipp and Manger, Carina and Kim, Sunnie S. Y. and Van Berkel, Niels and Riener, Andreas and Riedl, Mark O}, title = {Human-Centered Explainable AI (HCXAI): Reloading Explainability in the Era of Large Language Models (LLMs)}, pages = {477}, booktitle = {CHI'24: Extended Abstracts of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, editor = {Mueller, Florian 'Floyd' and Kyburz, Penny and Williamson, Julie R. and Sas, Corina}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0331-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3613905.3636311}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @article{PeintnerMangerRiener2024, author = {Peintner, Jakob and Manger, Carina and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Increasing system transparency through confidence information in cooperative, automated driving}, volume = {44}, journal = {Behaviour \& Information Technology}, number = {11}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London}, issn = {1362-3001}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2024.2407018}, pages = {2724 -- 2741}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MangerPeintnerHoffmannetal.2023, author = {Manger, Carina and Peintner, Jakob and Hoffmann, Marion and Probst, Mirella and Wennmacher, Raphael and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Providing Explainability in Safety-Critical Automated Driving Situations through Augmented Reality Windshield HMIs}, booktitle = {15th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces: Adjunct Conference Proceedings}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0112-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3581961.3609874}, pages = {174 -- 179}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchussMangerLoeckenetal.2022, author = {Schuß, Martina and Manger, Carina and L{\"o}cken, Andreas and Riener, Andreas}, title = {You'll Never Ride Alone: Insights into Women's Security Needs in Shared Automated Vehicles}, booktitle = {Main Proceedings: 14th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-9415-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3543174.3546848}, pages = {13 -- 23}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PeintnerMangerRiener2022, author = {Peintner, Jakob and Manger, Carina and Riener, Andreas}, title = {"Can you rely on me?" Evaluating a Confidence HMI for Cooperative, Automated Driving}, booktitle = {Main Proceedings: 14th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-9415-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3543174.3546976}, pages = {340 -- 348}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PeintnerFunkDrechslerMangeretal.2022, author = {Peintner, Jakob and Funk Drechsler, Maikol and Manger, Carina and Seifert, Georg and Reway, Fabio and Huber, Werner and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Comparing Different Pedestrian Representations for Testing Automated Driving Functions in Mixed Reality Environments}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Vehicle Electronics and Safety (ICVES 2022)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-6654-7698-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES56941.2022.9986669}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PeintnerMangerRiener2023, author = {Peintner, Jakob and Manger, Carina and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Communication of Uncertainty Information in Cooperative, Automated Driving: A Comparative Study of Different Modalities}, booktitle = {15th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces: Main Conference Proceedings}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0105-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3580585.3607154}, pages = {322 -- 332}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PeintnerHimmelsRocketal.2024, author = {Peintner, Jakob and Himmels, Chantal and Rock, Teresa and Manger, Carina and Jung, Oliver and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Driving Behavior Analysis: A Human Factors Perspective on Automated Driving Styles}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3503-4881-1}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IV55156.2024.10588527}, pages = {3312 -- 3317}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HimmelsPeintnerMangeretal.2024, author = {Himmels, Chantal and Peintner, Jakob and Manger, Carina and Rock, Teresa and Jung, Oliver and Riener, Andreas}, title = {In Search of Social Presence: Evoking an Impression of Real Pedestrian Behavior Using Motion Capture}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3503-4881-1}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IV55156.2024.10588404}, pages = {82 -- 90}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PeintnerMangerBergeretal.2024, author = {Peintner, Jakob and Manger, Carina and Berger, Melanie and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Explaining Away Control: Exploring the Relationship between Explainable AI and Passengers' Desire for Control in Automated Vehicles}, booktitle = {16th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Conference Proceedings}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0520-5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3641308.3685040}, pages = {155 -- 160}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MangerPreiwischPeintneretal.2024, author = {Manger, Carina and Preiwisch, Anna and Peintner, Jakob and Martelaro, Nikolas and Krome, Sven and Dey, Debargha and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Reality Check: Insights from Experienced Users of Current Automated Driving Systems for an Updated AutoUI Research Agenda}, booktitle = {16th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Conference Proceedings}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0520-5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3641308.3677401}, pages = {249 -- 252}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MangerPreiwischPeintneretal.2024, author = {Manger, Carina and Preiwisch, Anna and Peintner, Jakob and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Reality Check: How Do Real-World Users Experience Current Automated Driving Systems?}, booktitle = {16th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Conference Proceedings}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0520-5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3641308.3685016}, pages = {16 -- 20}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @article{PeintnerEscherDetjenetal.2024, author = {Peintner, Jakob and Escher, Bengt and Detjen, Henrik and Manger, Carina and Riener, Andreas}, title = {How to Design Human-Vehicle Cooperation for Automated Driving: A Review of Use Cases, Concepts, and Interfaces}, volume = {8}, pages = {16}, journal = {Multimodal Technologies and Interaction}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2414-4088}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/mti8030016}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Currently, a significant gap exists between academic and industrial research in automated driving development. Despite this, there is common sense that cooperative control approaches in automated vehicles will surpass the previously favored takeover paradigm in most driving situations due to enhanced driving performance and user experience. Yet, the application of these concepts in real driving situations remains unclear, and a holistic approach to driving cooperation is missing. Existing research has primarily focused on testing specific interaction scenarios and implementations. To address this gap and offer a contemporary perspective on designing human-vehicle cooperation in automated driving, we have developed a three-part taxonomy with the help of an extensive literature review. The taxonomy broadens the notion of driving cooperation towards a holistic and application-oriented view by encompassing (1) the "Cooperation Use Case", (2) the "Cooperation Frame", and (3) the "Human-Machine Interface". We validate the taxonomy by categorizing related literature and providing a detailed analysis of an exemplar paper. The proposed taxonomy offers designers and researchers a concise overview of the current state of driver cooperation and insights for future work. Further, the taxonomy can guide automotive HMI designers in ideation, communication, comparison, and reflection of cooperative driving interfaces.}, language = {en} } @article{MangerVoglRiener2025, author = {Manger, Carina and Vogl, Annalena and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Cognitive Biases in User Interaction with Automated Vehicles: The Influence of Explainability and Mental Models}, volume = {15}, pages = {11030}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {20}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2076-3417}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/app152011030}, year = {2025}, abstract = {To develop truly human-centered automated systems, it is essential to acknowledge that human reasoning is prone to systematic deviations from rational judgment, known as Cognitive Biases. The present study investigated such flawed reasoning in the context of automated driving. In a multi-step study with N = 34 participants, the occurrence of four Cognitive Biases was examined: Truthiness Effect, Automation Bias, Action Bias, and Illusory Control. Additionally, the study explored how the Explainability of the automation's behavior and the driver's Mental Model influenced the manifestation of these biases. The findings indicate a notable susceptibility to the Truthiness Effect and Illusory Control, although all biases appeared highly dependent on the specific driving context. Moreover, Explainability strongly impacted the perceived credibility of information and participants' agreement with the system's behavior. Given the exploratory nature of the study, this work aims to initiate a discussion on how Cognitive Biases shape human reasoning and decision-making in interactions with automated vehicles. Based on the results, several directions for future research are proposed: (1) investigation of additional cognitive biases, (2) analysis of biases across different levels of automation, (3) exploration of mitigation strategies versus deliberate use of biases, (4) examination of dynamic and context-dependent manifestations, and (5) validation in high-fidelity simulations or real-world settings.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EhsanWintersbergerLiaoetal.2022, author = {Ehsan, Upol and Wintersberger, Philipp and Liao, Q. Vera and Watkins, Elizabeth Anne and Manger, Carina and Daum{\´e} III, Hal and Riener, Andreas and Riedl, Mark O.}, title = {Human-Centered Explainable AI (HCXAI): Beyond opening the black-box of AI}, pages = {109}, booktitle = {CHI'22: Extended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, editor = {Diniz Junqueira Barbosa, Simone and Lampe, Cliff and Appert, Caroline and Shamma, David}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-9156-6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3503727}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EhsanWintersbergerWatkinsetal.2023, author = {Ehsan, Upol and Wintersberger, Philipp and Watkins, Elizabeth Anne and Manger, Carina and Ramos, Gonzalo A. and Weisz, Justin and Daum{\´e} III, Hal and Riener, Andreas and Riedl, Mark O.}, title = {Human-Centered Explainable AI (HCXAI): Coming of age}, pages = {353}, booktitle = {CHI EA '23: Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-9422-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3544549.3573832}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DongNadriAlvarezetal.2023, author = {Dong, Jiayuan and Nadri, Chihab and Alvarez, Ignacio and Diels, Cyriel and Lee, Myeongkyu and Li, Jingyi and Liao, Pei Hsuan and Manger, Carina and Sadeghian, Shadan and Schuß, Martina and Walker, Bruce N. and Walker, Francesco and Wang, Yiyuan and Jeon, Myounghoon}, title = {"Play Your Anger": A Report on the Empathic In-vehicle Interface Workshop}, booktitle = {15th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces: Adjunct Conference Proceedings}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0112-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3581961.3609865}, pages = {168 -- 173}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AmmelingMangerKwakaetal.2023, author = {Ammeling, Jonas and Manger, Carina and Kwaka, Elias and Kr{\"u}gel, Sebastian and Uhl, Matthias and Kießig, Angelika and Fritz, Alexis and Ganz, Jonathan and Riener, Andreas and Bertram, Christof and Breininger, Katharina and Aubreville, Marc}, title = {Appealing but Potentially Biasing - Investigation of the Visual Representation of Segmentation Predictions by AI Recommender Systems for Medical Decision Making}, booktitle = {Mensch und Computer 2023: Building Bridges: Tagungsband (Proceedings)}, editor = {Stolze, Markus and Loch, Frieder and Baldauf, Matthias and Alt, Florian and Schneegass, Christina and Kosch, Thomas and Hirzle, Teresa and Sadeghian, Shadan and Draxler, Fiona and Bektas, Kenan and Lohan, Katrin and Knierim, Pascal}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0771-1}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3603555.3608561}, pages = {330 -- 335}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MangerPreiwischRiener2025, author = {Manger, Carina and Preiwisch, Anna and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Invisible Barriers: Understanding and Supporting the Mobility Needs and Challenges of Individuals with Mental Health Conditions}, booktitle = {Adjunct Conference Proceedings: 17th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, September 22-25, 2025, Brisbane, Australia}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-2014-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3744335.3758489}, pages = {100 -- 105}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PeintnerMangerAlvarezetal.2025, author = {Peintner, Jakob and Manger, Carina and Alvarez, Ignacio and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Enhancing Pedestrian Realism in Adverse-Weather Driving Simulations Using Motion Capture Data}, booktitle = {Adjunct Conference Proceedings: 17th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, September 22-25, 2025, Brisbane, Australia}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-2014-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3744335.3758507}, pages = {214 -- 219}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MangerAlbrechtRiener2024, author = {Manger, Carina and Albrecht, Kathrin and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Explanation Needs in Automated Driving: Insights from German Driving Education and Vehicle Acquisition}, booktitle = {MuC'24: Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Mensch und Computer}, editor = {Maedche, Alexander and Beigl, Michael and Gerling, Kathrin and Mayer, Sven}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0998-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3670653.3670679}, pages = {288 -- 298}, year = {2024}, abstract = {As driving assistance driving systems become increasingly advanced, a correct understanding of the functionality of these systems is crucial for safe use. In this work we explored drivers' explanation needs and current explanation methods from an important but underlooked perspective: driver training and vehicle acquisition. In a two-step approach, we conducted expert interviews with n = 7 driving instructors and vehicle salespeople in Germany and validated these results with an online survey of n = 105. Our results show that Driver Assistance Systems (DASs) and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADASs), are currently covered in both driver training and vehicle acquisition but to a varying extent and in a very application-oriented manner. A drivers' tendency for preferring comparative explanations that build upon knowledge about similar systems was found. Based on the combined results, we emphasize the need for mandatory and standardized explanation methods to ensure a safe transition to automated driving.}, language = {en} } @article{PeintnerMangerBergeretal.2025, author = {Peintner, Jakob and Manger, Carina and Berger, Melanie and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Balancing transparency and control: The impact of AI explanation detail on user perception in automated vehicles}, volume = {2025}, pages = {101742}, journal = {Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives}, number = {34}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2590-1982}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2025.101742}, year = {2025}, abstract = {As automated vehicle technology advances, explainable AI has emerged as a critical tool to enable users to understand and predict the behavior of AI systems, particularly in safety-critical applications such as automated driving. However, increased transparency in AI explanations may inadvertently contribute to an "illusion of control", a cognitive bias in which drivers overestimate their influence or understanding of the AI's actions. We aim to better understand how the level of detail in AI explanations affects users of automated vehicles. In a virtual reality study, N = 44 participants experienced different explanation levels (low, medium, high) in an automated ride (SAE L4) compared to a baseline condition with no explanations. The results show a significant improvement in participants' user experience, acceptance, and explanation satisfaction, with more detailed explanations. Our findings also indicate that as AI explanations become more detailed, users' perceived level of control increases significantly, although this perception does not correlate with actual control capabilities. At the same time, it decreased their desire to take control, indicating users' susceptibility to the 'illusion of control' bias in the context of automated driving. Overall, this suggests that the design of explanation interfaces should strive for a balanced level of detail that promotes AI transparency without causing cognitive overload. At the same time, explainable AI can be utilized to decrease users' desire to intervene in the AI's actions.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{PeintnerMangerBergeretal.2024, author = {Peintner, Jakob and Manger, Carina and Berger, Melanie and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Balancing Transparency and Control: The Impact of Ai Explanation Detail on User Perception in Automated Vehicles}, titleParent = {SSRN}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5027721}, year = {2024}, language = {en} }