@inproceedings{LugnerKrauseInderstetal.2021, author = {Lugner, Robert and Krause, Robert and Inderst, Maximilian and Schneider, Kilian and Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {Interface and Optimizations for Crash Severity Estimation and Inevitability Modelling in Pre-Crash Safety Systems}, booktitle = {FISITA World Congress 2021}, publisher = {FISITA}, address = {Bishops Stortford}, url = {https://www.fisita.com/library/f2021-pif-070}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{SequeiraLugnerJumaretal.2019, author = {Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Lugner, Robert and Jumar, Ulrich and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {A validation sensor based on carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic for early activation of automotive occupant restraint systems}, volume = {8}, journal = {Journal of sensors and sensor systems (JSSS)}, number = {1}, publisher = {Copernicus Publ.}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {2194-878X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-19-2019}, pages = {19 -- 35}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In the automotive industry, sensors and sensor systems are one of the most important components in upcoming challenges like highly automated and autonomous driving. Forward-looking sensors (radar, lidar and cameras) have the technical capability to already provide important (pre-)crash information, such as the position of contact, relative crash velocity and overlap (width of contact) before the crash occurs. Future safety systems can improve crash mitigation with sophisticated vehicle safety strategies based on this information. One such strategy is an early activation of restraint systems compared with conventional passive safety systems. These integrated safety systems consist of a combination of predictive forward-looking sensors and occupant restraint systems (airbags, belt tensioners, etc.) to provide the best occupant safety in inevitable crash situations. The activation of the restraint systems is the most critical decision process and requires a very robust validation system to avoid false activation. Hence, the information provided by the forward-looking sensor needs to be highly reliable. A validation sensor is required to check the plausibility of crucial information from forward-looking sensors used in integrated safety systems for safe automated and autonomous driving. This work presents a CFRP-based (carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic) validation sensor working on the principle of change in electrical resistance when a contact occurs. This sensor detects the first contact, gives information on impact position (where the contact occurs) and provides information on the overlap. The aim is to activate the vehicle restraint systems at near T0 (time of first contact). Prototypes of the sensor were manufactured in house and manually and were evaluated. At first, the sensor and its working principle were tested with a pendulum apparatus. In the next stage, the sensor was tested in a real crash test. The comparison of the signals from the CFRP-based sensor with presently used crash sensors in the vehicle highlights its advantages. The crash event can be identified at 0.1 ms after the initial contact. The sensor also provides information on impact position at 1.2 ms and enables a validation of the overlap development. Finally, a possible algorithm for the vehicle safety system using forward-looking sensors with a validation sensor is described.}, language = {en} } @article{SequeiraPatelAfrajetal.2020, author = {Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Patel, Akshay and Afraj, Shahabaz and Lugner, Robert and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {FEM-based methodology for crash severity estimation in frontal crash scenarios}, volume = {2020}, pages = {012019}, journal = {IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering}, number = {831}, publisher = {IOP}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1757-899X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/831/1/012019}, year = {2020}, abstract = {With the technological development of forward-looking sensors, researchers are exploring their use not only for advanced driver assistance systems but also to gain important pre-crash information. Based on this pre-crash information, if the occupant motion inside the vehicle structure can be predicted for the oncoming crash scenario, then an optimal restraint strategy can be planned before the crash. This paper introduces a two-step FEM simulation based methodology for predicting the occupant severity in head-on crash scenarios. In the first step, we simulate the vehicle level model with different impact positions and relative approach angles. The results of these simulations, linear velocities in the longitudinal and lateral direction and angular velocities (roll, pitch, and yaw) during in-crash phase are the loading conditions for next simulation step (occupant level). This step simulates the motion of the driver in different crash scenarios. In this paper, we investigate the head, neck, and chest injury risks from vehicle-to-vehicle crash both traveling at 50 kilometers per hour. Prediction of the head injury criterion, identifying the cases where additional deployment of side-airbags and discussion of injury criteria with contour plots are the main outcome of this paper.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SezginVriesmanSteinhauseretal.2023, author = {Sezgin, Fatih and Vriesman, Daniel and Steinhauser, Dagmar and Lugner, Robert and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {Safe Autonomous Driving in Adverse Weather: Sensor Evaluation and Performance Monitoring}, booktitle = {IEEE IV 2023: Symposium Proceedings}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3503-4691-6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IV55152.2023.10186596}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SequeiraElnagdyDanapaletal.2021, author = {Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Elnagdy, Elnagdy and Danapal, Gokulesh and Lugner, Robert and Jumar, Ulrich and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {Investigation of Different Classification Algorithms for Predicting Occupant Injury Criterion to Decide the Required Restraint Strategy}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE International Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-7281-9142-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC48978.2021.9564868}, pages = {204 -- 210}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SequeiraHarlapurLugneretal.2021, author = {Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Harlapur, Bhuvan and Lugner, Robert and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {Investigation of three-arc contour prediction algorithm on KITTI LiDAR raw data set}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall): Proceedings}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-6654-1368-8}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2021-Fall52928.2021.9625355}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SequeiraAfrajLugneretal.2019, author = {Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Afraj, Shahabaz and Lugner, Robert and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {LiDAR based prediction and contact based validation of crash parameters for a preemptive restraint strategy}, booktitle = {2019 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-7281-3473-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2019.8906354}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderLugnerBrandmeier2019, author = {Schneider, Kilian and Lugner, Robert and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {LiDAR-based contour estimation of oncoming vehicles in pre-crash scenarios}, booktitle = {2019 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-7281-0560-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2019.8813825}, pages = {2272 -- 2277}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LugnerInderstSequeiraetal.2021, author = {Lugner, Robert and Inderst, Maximilian and Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Schneider, Kilian and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {Collision Prediction for Irreversible Pre-Crash Safety Measures}, booktitle = {FISITA Web Congress 2020}, publisher = {FISITA}, address = {Bishops Stortford}, url = {https://www.fisita.com/library/f2020-pif-033}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HeldSteinhauserKamannetal.2018, author = {Held, Patrick and Steinhauser, Dagmar and Kamann, Alexander and Lugner, Robert and Brandmeier, Thomas and Koch, Andreas}, title = {Radarbasierte Klassifikation von Fußg{\"a}ngern f{\"u}r Pre-Crash Systeme}, booktitle = {Fahrerassistenzsysteme und automatisiertes Fahren 2018, VDI Berichte 2335}, publisher = {VDI Verlag GmbH}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, isbn = {978-3-18-092335-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51202/9783181023358-137}, pages = {137 -- 150}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchneiderLugnerInderstetal.2021, author = {Schneider, Kilian and Lugner, Robert and Inderst, Maximilian and Weigl, Tobias and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {Verification of Crash Severity Estimation Algorithm for Autonomous Driving Using Real Crash Data}, booktitle = {ICVISP 2020: Proceedings of the 2020 4th International Conference on Vision, Image and Signal Processing}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-8953-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3448823.3448850}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{MothershedLugnerAfrajetal.2020, author = {Mothershed, David Michael and Lugner, Robert and Afraj, Shahabaz and Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Schneider, Kilian and Brandmeier, Thomas and Soloiu, Valentin}, title = {Comparison and Evaluation of Algorithms for LiDAR-Based Contour Estimation in Integrated Vehicle Safety}, volume = {23}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems}, number = {5}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {1558-0016}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2020.3044753}, pages = {3925 -- 3942}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchlampSchneiderLugneretal.2022, author = {Schlamp, Anna-Lena and Schneider, Kilian and Lugner, Robert and Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {Approximation of the overlap for integral safety systems}, booktitle = {Fahrzeugsicherheit: Auf dem Weg zur Fahrzeugsicherheit 2030}, publisher = {VDI Verlag}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, isbn = {978-3-18-102387-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51202/9783181023877-407}, pages = {407 -- 418}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{SequeiraKondaLugneretal.2022, author = {Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Konda, Anudeep Reddy and Lugner, Robert and Jumar, Ulrich and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {Crash Pulse Prediction Using Regression Algorithm with Gradient Descent Optimization Method for Integrated Safety Systems}, volume = {10 (2022)}, pages = {09-10-02-0009}, journal = {SAE International journal of transportation safety}, number = {2}, publisher = {SAE International}, address = {Warrendale}, issn = {2327-5634}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4271/09-10-02-0009}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SequeiraSchneiderLugneretal.2018, author = {Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Schneider, Kilian and Lugner, Robert and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {Concepts for Validation Sensor for Pre-Crash Information from Forward-Looking Sensors}, booktitle = {Sensoren und Messsysteme: Beitr{\"a}ge der 19. ITG/GMA-Fachtagung; ITG-Fachbericht 281}, publisher = {VDE Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-4683-5}, issn = {0932-6022}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8436219}, pages = {585 -- 589}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderSequeiraLugneretal.2017, author = {Schneider, Kilian and Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Lugner, Robert and Kamann, Alexander and Brandmeier, Thomas and Burgmeier, Raimund}, title = {Verifizierung von Pre-Crash Informationen f{\"u}r die vorausschauende Aktivierung passiver Sicherheitsaktuatorik}, booktitle = {11. VDI-Tagung Fahrzeugsicherheit; VDI-Berichte 2312}, publisher = {VDI Verlag GmbH}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, isbn = {978-3-18-092312-3}, issn = {0083-5560}, pages = {185 -- 196}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SequeiraLugnerSteinhauseretal.2017, author = {Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Lugner, Robert and Steinhauser, Dagmar and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {Investigation of intelligent features for CFRP structure in automotive safety systems}, booktitle = {2017 2nd IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Engineering ICITE 2017}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway (NJ)}, isbn = {978-1-5090-6272-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/icite.2017.8056874}, pages = {18 -- 24}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LugnerSequeiraBrandmeier2013, author = {Lugner, Robert and Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {Crash Detection with Structure-Borne Sound}, booktitle = {Applied Research Conference 2013: ARC 2013}, subtitle = {Analysis of Plastic Buckling of Thin-Walled Circular Tubes}, editor = {Ziemann, Olaf and Bogner, Werner and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, publisher = {Shaker Verlag}, address = {D{\"u}ren}, isbn = {978-3-8440-2274-2}, pages = {50 -- 53}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BookLugnerBrandmeier2023, author = {Book, Mia and Lugner, Robert and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {Relevanz von Bewegungsmodellen f{\"u}r Entwicklungen im Bereich des vorausschauenden Passiven Fußg{\"a}ngerschutzes}, booktitle = {14. VDI-Tagung Fahrzeugsicherheit, Fahrzeugsicherheit im Kontext neuer, nachhaltiger Mobilit{\"a}tskonzepte}, subtitle = {Schutz von verletzlichen Verkehrsteilnehmern}, editor = {VDI Wissensforum GmbH,}, publisher = {VDI Verlag}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, isbn = {978-3-18-102426-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51202/9783181024263-325}, pages = {325 -- 338}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SequeiraHarlapurObandoOrtegonetal.2021, author = {Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Harlapur, Bhuvan and Obando Ortegon, David and Lugner, Robert and Brandmeier, Thomas and Soloiu, Valentin}, title = {Investigation of Influence from Variation in Color on LiDAR Sensor for Perception of Environment in Autonomous Vehicles}, booktitle = {Proceedings ELMAR-2021: 63rd International Symposium ELMAR-2021}, editor = {Muštra, Mario and Vukovic, Josip and Zovko-Cihlar, Branka}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-6654-4437-8}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ELMAR52657.2021.9550943}, pages = {71 -- 76}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SequeiraInderstXhikuetal.2025, author = {Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Inderst, Maximilian and Xhiku, Redjon and Lugner, Robert and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {Sigmoid-Based Method for Longitudinal Crash Pulse Prediction in Intelligent Vehicles}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3503-8727-8}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES61986.2024.10927899}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{InderstLugnerBrandmeieretal.2023, author = {Inderst, Maximilian and Lugner, Robert and Brandmeier, Thomas and Mehrzed, Shaen and Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Griebeler, Marcelo}, title = {Definition of Requirements for the Temporal Accuracy of Inevitability Evaluation in Integral Pre-crash Systems}, booktitle = {FAST-Zero'23: 7th International Symposium on Future Active Safety Technology toward Zero Accidents - Proceedings}, publisher = {JSAE}, address = {Gobancho}, url = {https://tech.jsae.or.jp/paperinfo/en/content/conf2023-03.004/}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LugnerVriesmanInderstetal.2021, author = {Lugner, Robert and Vriesman, Daniel and Inderst, Maximilian and Sequeira, Gerald Joy and Pasupuleti, Niyathipriya and Zimmer, Alessandro and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {Evaluation of sensor tolerances and inevitability for pre-crash safety systems in real case scenarios}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE 3rd Connected and Automated Vehicles Symposium (CAVS)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-7281-9001-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/CAVS51000.2020.9334578}, year = {2021}, language = {en} }