@article{SchartmuellerWeiglLoeckenetal.2021, author = {Schartm{\"u}ller, Clemens and Weigl, Klemens and L{\"o}cken, Andreas and Wintersberger, Philipp and Steinhauser, Marco and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Displays for Productive Non-Driving Related Tasks: Visual Behavior and Its Impact in Conditionally Automated Driving}, volume = {5}, pages = {21}, journal = {Multimodal Technologies and Interaction}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2414-4088}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5040021}, year = {2021}, abstract = {(1) Background: Primary driving tasks are increasingly being handled by vehicle automation so that support for non-driving related tasks (NDRTs) is becoming more and more important. In SAE L3 automation, vehicles can require the driver-passenger to take over driving controls, though. Interfaces for NDRTs must therefore guarantee safe operation and should also support productive work. (2) Method: We conducted a within-subjects driving simulator study (N=53) comparing Heads-Up Displays (HUDs) and Auditory Speech Displays (ASDs) for productive NDRT engagement. In this article, we assess the NDRT displays' effectiveness by evaluating eye-tracking measures and setting them into relation to workload measures, self-ratings, and NDRT/take-over performance. (3) Results: Our data highlights substantially higher gaze dispersion but more extensive glances on the road center in the auditory condition than the HUD condition during automated driving. We further observed potentially safety-critical glance deviations from the road during take-overs after a HUD was used. These differences are reflected in self-ratings, workload indicators and take-over reaction times, but not in driving performance. (4) Conclusion: NDRT interfaces can influence visual attention even beyond their usage during automated driving. In particular, the HUD has resulted in safety-critical glances during manual driving after take-overs. We found this impacted workload and productivity but not driving performance}, language = {en} } @article{DeyHabibovicLoeckenetal.2020, author = {Dey, Debargha and Habibovic, Azra and L{\"o}cken, Andreas and Wintersberger, Philipp and Pfleging, Bastian and Riener, Andreas and Martens, Marieke and Terken, Jacques}, title = {Taming the eHMI jungle: A classification taxonomy to guide, compare, and assess the design principles of automated vehicles' external human-machine interfaces}, volume = {2020}, pages = {100174}, journal = {Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives}, number = {7}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2590-1982}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100174}, year = {2020}, abstract = {There is a growing body of research in the field of interaction between automated vehicles and other road users in their vicinity. To facilitate such interactions, researchers and designers have explored designs, and this line of work has yielded several concepts of external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMI) for vehicles. Literature and media review reveals that the description of interfaces is often lacking in fidelity or details of their functionalities in specific situations, which makes it challenging to understand the originating concepts. There is also a lack of a universal understanding of the various dimensions of a communication interface, which has impeded a consistent and coherent addressal of the different aspects of the functionalities of such interface concepts. In this paper, we present a unified taxonomy that allowsa systematic comparison of the eHMI across 18 dimensions, covering their physical characteristics and communication aspects from the perspective of human factors and human-machine interaction. We analyzed and coded 70eHMI concepts according to this taxonomy to portray the state of the art and highlight the relative maturity of different contributions. The results point to a number of unexplored research areas that could inspire future work. Additionally, we believe that our proposed taxonomy can serve as a checklist for user interface designers and researchers when developing their interfaces.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MangerPuschThoeneetal.2023, author = {Manger, Carina and Pusch, Florian and Th{\"o}ne, Manuel and Wenger, Marco and L{\"o}cken, Andreas and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Explainability in Automated Parking: The Effect of Augmented Reality Visualizations on User Experience and Situation Awareness}, booktitle = {Proceedings of MUM 2023: the 22nd International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia}, editor = {Michahelles, Florian and Knierim, Pascal and H{\"a}kkil{\"a}, Jonna}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0921-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3626705.3627796}, pages = {146 -- 152}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @article{vonSawitzkyLoeckenGrauschopfetal.2024, author = {von Sawitzky, Tamara and L{\"o}cken, Andreas and Grauschopf, Thomas and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Enhancing cyclist safety in cyclist-vehicle interactions through early hazard notifications: a comparison of bi-modal cues at head level}, volume = {7}, pages = {e000070}, journal = {Traffic Safety Research}, publisher = {Lund University}, address = {Lund}, issn = {2004-3082}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.55329/bodb6366}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Cyclists frequently face numerous hazards on the road. Often those hazards are posed by motorised vehicles. Advanced support systems that alert cyclists to potential dangers could enhance their safety. However, research in this area, particularly regarding hazard notifications for cyclists, remains sparse. This work assesses bi-modal early hazard notification concepts (combining visual cues with either auditory or tactile feedback) provided at head level (smart glasses with speakers, tactile headband). They are detailing the nature of the hazard, its direction relative to the cyclist, and the timing of exposure. This work investigates cyclists' preference and perception of the proposed concepts for two hazardous situations originating from interactions with vehicles: 'dooring', the hazard of a potential collision with an opening door of a parked vehicle (evaluated through a test track study, N = 32) and 'being overtaken' which poses the hazard of being cut off or hit by the overtaking vehicle (assessed in a bicycle simulator study, N = 21). The study involved comparisons of supported and unsupported rides, focusing on their impact on usability, intuitiveness, workload, and perceived safety. Our findings reveal varied preferences for the supporting feedback modality, with 56\% favouring visual-auditory and 31\% visual-tactile. The participants rated user experience, intuitiveness and perceived safety for the use of both concepts quite high. Further, the workload for assisted rides was rated as equally low as for unassisted rides.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StojmenovaLeeHongetal.2023, author = {Stojmenova, Kristina and Lee, Seulchan and Hong, Sara and Schuß, Martina and Sahin, Hatice and Patel, Ankit R. and L{\"o}cken, Andreas and Dey, Debargha and Riener, Andreas and Mirnig, Alexander G. and Jeon, Myounghoon}, title = {How to Ensure Diversity and Inclusion at Conferences}, booktitle = {15th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces: Adjunct Conference Proceedings}, subtitle = {A Workshop for General Chairs, Program Committee Members, Reviewers and Authors}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0112-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3581961.3609838}, pages = {241 -- 244}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LoeckenFrisonFahnetal.2020, author = {L{\"o}cken, Andreas and Frison, Anna-Katharina and Fahn, Vanessa and Kreppold, Dominik and G{\"o}tz, Maximilian and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Increasing User Experience and Trust in Automated Vehicles via an Ambient Light Display}, pages = {38}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-7516-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3379503.3403567}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LoeckenWintersbergerFrisonetal.2019, author = {L{\"o}cken, Andreas and Wintersberger, Philipp and Frison, Anna-Katharina and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Investigating User Requirements for Communication Between Automated Vehicles and Vulnerable Road Users}, booktitle = {2019 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-7281-0560-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2019.8814027}, pages = {879 -- 884}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchussMangerLoeckenetal.2022, author = {Schuß, Martina and Manger, Carina and L{\"o}cken, Andreas and Riener, Andreas}, title = {You'll Never Ride Alone: Insights into Women's Security Needs in Shared Automated Vehicles}, booktitle = {Main Proceedings: 14th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-9415-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3543174.3546848}, pages = {13 -- 23}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LoeckenMatviienkoColleyetal.2022, author = {L{\"o}cken, Andreas and Matviienko, Andrii and Colley, Mark and Dey, Debargha and Habibovic, Azra and Lee, Yee Mun and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Accessible Automated Automotive Workshop Series (A3WS): International Perspective on Inclusive External Human-Machine Interfaces}, booktitle = {Adjunct Proceedings: 14th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-9428-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3551347}, pages = {192 -- 195}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inbook{WintersbergerLoeckenFrisonetal.2020, author = {Wintersberger, Philipp and L{\"o}cken, Andreas and Frison, Anna-Katharina and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Evaluierung von Benutzeranforderungen f{\"u}r die Kommunikation zwischen automatisierten Fahrzeugen und ungesch{\"u}tzten Verkehrsteilnehmern}, booktitle = {Autonome Shuttlebusse im {\"O}PNV: Analysen und Bewertungen zum Fallbeispiel Bad Birnbach aus technischer, gesellschaftlicher und planerischer Sicht}, editor = {Riener, Andreas and Appel, Alexandra and Dorner, Wolfgang and Huber, Thomas and Kolb, Jan Christopher and Wagner, Harry}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-662-59405-6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59406-3_7}, pages = {115 -- 132}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Es wurden bereits einige L{\"o}sungen vorgestellt, um die Kommunikation zwischen automatisierten Fahrzeugen und ungesch{\"u}tzten Verkehrsteilnehmern (sog. „Vulnerable Road Users", VRUs) zu unterst{\"u}tzen. Noch ist jedoch unklar, ob diese Systeme den Anforderungen zuk{\"u}nftiger Benutzer auch gerecht werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, Benutzeranforderungen von VRUs nach direktem Kontakt mit einem automatisierten Fahrzeug zu erfassen. Hierf{\"u}r wurde eine Feldstudie mit 32 Teilnehmern durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die Resultate, welche sowohl auf subjektiven (Frageb{\"o}gen, Interviews) als auch objektiven (Videoanalyse) Daten basieren, legen nahe, dass ungesch{\"u}tzte Verkehrsteilnehmer einfache und bekannte Konzepte (beispielsweise Ampelsysteme oder Hupen) zur Kommunikation bevorzugen. Des Weiteren wurden diverse Problemszenarien identifiziert, welche f{\"u}r eine Bereitstellung von automatisierten Fahrzeugen in „Shared Spaces" von besonderer Bedeutung sind.}, language = {de} }