@unpublished{PetrovskaErjiageKugele2025, author = {Petrovska, Ana and Erjiage, Guan and Kugele, Stefan}, title = {Defining Self-adaptive Systems: A Systematic Literature Review}, publisher = {arXiv}, address = {Ithaca}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.17798}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In the last two decades, the popularity of self-adaptive systems in the field of software and systems engineering has drastically increased. However, despite the extensive work on self-adaptive systems, the literature still lacks a common agreement on the definition of these systems. To this day, the notion of self-adaptive systems is mainly used intuitively without a precise understanding of the terminology. Using terminology only by intuition does not suffice, especially in engineering and science, where a more rigorous definition is necessary. In this paper, we investigate the existing formal definitions of self-adaptive systems and how these systems are characterised across the literature. Additionally, we analyse and summarise the limitations of the existing formal definitions in order to understand why none of the existing formal definitions is used more broadly by the community. To achieve this, we have conducted a systematic literature review in which we have analysed over 1400 papers related to self-adaptive systems. Concretely, from an initial pool of 1493 papers, we have selected 314 relevant papers, which resulted in nine primary studies whose primary objective was to define self-adaptive systems formally. Our systematic review reveals that although there has been an increasing interest in self-adaptive systems over the years, there is a scarcity of efforts to define these systems formally. Finally, as part of this paper, based on the analysed primary studies, we also elicit requirements and set a foundation for a potential (formal) definition in the future that is accepted by the community on a broader range.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{RamicKugele2025, author = {Ramic, Amra and Kugele, Stefan}, title = {A Systematic Mapping Study on Software Architecture for AI-based Mobility Systems}, publisher = {arXiv}, address = {Ithaca}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.01595}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Background: Due to their diversity, complexity, and above all importance, safety-critical and dependable systems must be developed with special diligence. Criticality increases as these systems likely contain artificial intelligence (AI) components known for their uncertainty. As software and reference architectures form the backbone of any successful system, including safety-critical dependable systems with learning-enabled components, choosing the suitable architecture that guarantees safety despite uncertainties is of great eminence. Aim: We aim to provide the missing overview of all existing architectures, their contribution to safety, and their level of maturity in AI-based safety-critical systems. Method: To achieve this aim, we report a systematic mapping study. From a set of 1,639 primary studies, we selected 38 relevant studies dealing with safety assurance through software architecture in AI-based safety-critical systems. The selected studies were then examined using various criteria to answer the research questions and identify gaps in this area of research. Results: Our findings showed which architectures have been proposed and to what extent they have been implemented. Furthermore, we identified gaps in different application areas of those systems and explained these gaps with various arguments. Conclusion: As the AI trend continues to grow, the system complexity will inevitably increase, too. To ensure the lasting safety of the systems, we provide an overview of the state of the art, intending to identify best practices and research gaps and direct future research more focused.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HenssKugele2025, author = {Henß, J{\"o}rg and Kugele, Stefan}, title = {22nd Workshop on Automotive Software Engineering}, booktitle = {Software Engineering 2025 - Companion Proceedings}, editor = {Feichtinger, Kevin and Sonnleithner, Lisa and Hajiabadi, Hamideh}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Bonn}, issn = {2944-7682}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.18420/se2025-ws-02}, pages = {23 -- 24}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Software-driven systems are becoming pivotal, underpinning the majority of innovations in contemporary automobiles. This workshop is poised to explore a plethora of topics pertinent to automotive software development. Attendees will engage in discourse on the most apt methodologies, techniques, and tools essential for navigating the foremost challenges faced by researchers and practitioners in the field.}, language = {en} } @article{PetrovskaKugeleHutzelmannetal.2022, author = {Petrovska, Ana and Kugele, Stefan and Hutzelmann, Thomas and Beffart, Theo and Bergemann, Sebastian and Pretschner, Alexander}, title = {Defining adaptivity and logical architecture for engineering (smart) self-adaptive cyber-physical systems}, volume = {2022}, pages = {106866}, journal = {Information and Software Technology}, number = {147}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0950-5849}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2022.106866}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SeglerKugeleKnoll2019, author = {Segler, Christoph and Kugele, Stefan and Knoll, Alois}, title = {Context Discovery for Personalised Automotive Functions}, booktitle = {The 2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference - ITSC}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-5386-7024-8}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2019.8917161}, pages = {2470 -- 2476}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SeglerKugeleObergfelletal.2019, author = {Segler, Christoph and Kugele, Stefan and Obergfell, Philipp and Osman, Mohd Hafeez and Shafaei, Sina and Sax, Eric and Knoll, Alois}, title = {Anomaly Detection for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Using Online Feature Selection}, booktitle = {2019 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-7281-0560-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2019.8814175}, pages = {578 -- 585}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GerostathopoulosKugeleSegleretal.2019, author = {Gerostathopoulos, Ilias and Kugele, Stefan and Segler, Christoph and Bureš, Tom{\´a}š and Knoll, Alois}, title = {Automated Trainability Evaluation for Smart Software Functions}, booktitle = {Proceedings: 2019 34th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2019)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Los Alamitos}, isbn = {978-1-7281-2508-4}, issn = {2643-1572}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ASE.2019.00096}, pages = {998 -- 1001}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ObergfellKugeleSax2019, author = {Obergfell, Philipp and Kugele, Stefan and Sax, Eric}, title = {Model-Based Resource Analysis and Synthesis of Service-Oriented Automotive Software Architectures}, booktitle = {Proceedings: 2019 ACM/IEEE 22nd International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, MODELS 2019}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Los Alamitos}, isbn = {978-1-7281-2536-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/MODELS.2019.000-8}, pages = {128 -- 138}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JanuzajKugele2019, author = {Januzaj, Visar and Kugele, Stefan}, title = {On the Structure of Avionics Systems Architecture}, booktitle = {System Analysis and Modeling: Languages, Methods, and Tools for Industry 4.0: 11th International Conference, SAM 2019 Proceedings}, editor = {Fonseca i Casas, Pau and Sancho, Maria-Ribera and Sherratt, Edel}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-30690-8}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30690-8_8}, pages = {139 -- 149}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @unpublished{GleirscherKugele2019, author = {Gleirscher, Mario and Kugele, Stefan}, title = {Assurance of System Safety: A Survey of Design and Argument Patterns}, publisher = {arXiv}, address = {Ithaca}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1902.05537}, year = {2019}, language = {en} }