@inproceedings{KronesterRienerBabic2021, author = {Kronester, Michael Julian and Riener, Andreas and Babic, Teo}, title = {Potential of Wrist-worn Vibrotactile Feedback to Enhance the Perception of Virtual Objects during Mid-air Gestures}, pages = {256}, booktitle = {CHI'21: Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-8095-9}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451655}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @thesis{Kronester2020, author = {Kronester, Michael Julian}, title = {Conceptual design and evaluation of vibrotactile feedback on the wrist to enrich the perception of virtual objects whilst performing mid-air gestures}, publisher = {Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt}, address = {Ingolstadt}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-8219}, pages = {55, XXIII}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In our daily lives, we are used to using bare hands to interact with the world. Therefore, as a digital interpretation of this natural interaction, mid-air gestures became a popular method for enabling the interaction with a computer, with use cases ranging from operating graphical or natural user interfaces to interactions in games. However, with the advantages of mid-air gestures, the problem of not experiencing direct haptic feedback arises at the same time. This means that an important aspect that we know from real-world interaction is no longer present. Until now, there are only a few inflexible, complex, commercially available technologies to enable haptic feedback into such interactions. Despite smartwatches with vibration motors already carry the technology to generate vibrotactile stimulation and communicate with external devices via wireless connectivity, to the best of our knowledge, they have not been considered in such a context yet. We believe that such widely spread personal devices could provide a platform for accessible, flexible, and unobtrusive integration of haptic feedback in mid-air gesture interaction. To investigate this potential in the context of mid-air gesture interaction, this thesis deals with the question of how vibrotactile feedback on the wrist can be integrated into gesture interactions with virtual objects to enrich their perception haptically. Following the double-diamond approach, we first qualitatively surveyed user needs and desires for mid-air gesture interactions with virtual objects and focused on the problem of not being able to perceive invisible object properties. A wrist-worn vibrotactile display prototype was developed based on extensive literature research and six different vibration patterns were designed using a modular construction kit. The vibration patterns were rated in a user study (n=18 subjects) via an implemented slingshot game. The results were then statistically analyzed in terms of their user experience (UX), under the criteria of hedonic and pragmatic qualities. Results show that all vibration patterns not only enrich the perception of object properties but also support mid-air gestures, making them more efficient and interesting. This was achieved with the following effects: Through congruent, dynamically changing vibrotactile feedback adapted to the user's input, associations with the virtual objects' behavior are created, making them haptically perceptible. Through constant interaction with an object, it is essential to apply constant, continuous feedback that dynamically changes according to the user's input. Thereby, the orientation of the user's hand in the virtual world is improved by guiding the user through the scene via vibrotactile spatial cues, thus enabling a better estimation of distances. Thus, the results of this bachelor thesis demonstrate the already unexploited potential of smartwatches and, beyond, possibilities for future enhancements of such devices.}, language = {en} }