@article{WoehrlNeblLottetal.2021, author = {W{\"o}hrl, Katharina and Nebl, Christoph and Lott, Susanne and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Umgang mit verunfallten Elektrofahrzeugen}, journal = {Automobiltechnologie in Bayern: e-Car + Wasserstoff}, publisher = {media mind GmbH \& Co. KG}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, url = {https://media-mind.info/pdf/2020/automobil_deutsch_2020_final.pdf}, pages = {34 -- 39}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @techreport{BuysseIeridesPerezHornoetal.2021, author = {Buysse, Maarten and Ierides, Marcos and P{\´e}rez Horno, Beatriz and McCready, Amy and Kotak, Yash and Kotak, Bhavya and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {COBRA Market Intelligence Report - EV Safety and Testing: Feb-Mar-Apr 2021}, url = {https://projectcobra.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/COBRA-MARKET-INTELLIGENCE-February-March-April-2021_789.pdf}, pages = {16}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @article{BauderBoehmKubjatkoetal.2022, author = {Bauder, Maximilian and B{\"o}hm, Klaus and Kubjatko, Tibor and Wech, Lothar and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {C-ITS relevant critical vehicle-to-vehicle accident scenarios for accident analysis}, volume = {22}, pages = {3562}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {9}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093562}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The relevance of scientific investigations, whether simulative or empirical, is strongly related to the environment used and the scenarios associated with it. Within the field of cooperative intelligent transport systems, use-cases are defined to describe the benefits of applications. This has already been conducted in the available safety-relevant Day 1 applications longitudinal and intersection collision risk warning through the respective technical specifications. However, the relevance of traffic scenarios is always a function of accident severity and frequency of a retrospective consideration of accident databases. In this study, vehicle-to-vehicle scenarios with high frequency and/or severe personal injuries are therefore determined with the help of the CISS database and linked to the use-cases of the safety-relevant Day 1 applications. The relevance of the scenarios thus results on the one hand from the classical parameters of retrospective accident analysis and on the other hand from the coverage by the named vehicle-to-x applications. As a result, accident scenarios with oncoming vehicles are the most relevant scenarios for investigations with cooperative intelligent transport systems. In addition, high coverage of the most critical scenarios within the use-cases of longitudinal and intersection collision risk warning is already apparent.}, language = {en} } @inbook{GoresSchweigerKim2014, author = {Gores, Heiner Jakob and Schweiger, Hans-Georg and Kim, Woong-Ki}, title = {Electrolytes for Recharcheable Batteries}, booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry}, editor = {Kreysa, Gerhard and Ota, Ken-ichiro and Savinell, Robert F.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4419-6995-8}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_45}, pages = {757 -- 761}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{BauderLechelerWechetal.2022, author = {Bauder, Maximilian and Lecheler, Katrin and Wech, Lothar and B{\"o}hm, Klaus and Paula, Daniel and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Determination of accident scenarios via freely available accident databases}, volume = {12}, journal = {Open Engineering}, number = {1}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2391-5439}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0047}, pages = {453 -- 467}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The derivation of real accident scenarios from accident databases represents an important task within vehicle safety research. Simulations are increasingly used for this purpose. Depending on the research interest, a wide range of accident databases exists worldwide, which differ mainly in the number of recorded data per accident and availability. This work aims to identify critical vehicle-to-vehicle accidents based on freely available accident databases to derive concrete scenarios for a subsequent simulation. For this purpose, the method of the pre-crash matrix is applied using the example of the freely available Crash Investigation Sampling System database of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. An analysis of existing databases worldwide shows that this is the most detailed, freely available database. The derivation of scenarios succeeds here by a new method, whereby a center of gravity calculation is carried out based on the damages of the vehicles according to Collision Deformation Classification nomenclature. In addition, the determination of other necessary parameters, as well as the limits of the database, is shown in order to derive a scenario that can be simulated. As a result, the constellations of the five most frequent vehicle-to-vehicle accident scenarios according to the Crash Investigation Sampling System database are presented. In particular, other institutions should follow National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's example and make data freely available for accident research.}, language = {en} } @article{BauderKubjatkoHelmeretal.2022, author = {Bauder, Maximilian and Kubjatko, Tibor and Helmer, Thomas and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Does Vehicle-2-X Radio Transmission Technology Need to Be Considered within Accident Analysis in the Future?}, volume = {22}, pages = {9832}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {24}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249832}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In this analysis, Cooperative Intelligent Transportation System relevant scenarios are created to investigate the need to differentiate Vehicle-to-X transmission technologies on behalf of accident analysis. For each scenario, the distances between the vehicles are calculated 5 s before the crash. Studies on the difference between Dedicated Short-Range Communication (IEEE 802.11p) and Cellular Vehicle-to-X communication (LTE-V2C PC5 Mode 4) are then used to assess whether both technologies have a reliable connection over the relevant distance. If this is the case, the transmission technology is of secondary importance for future investigations on Vehicle-to-X communication in combination with accident analysis. The results show that studies on freeways and rural roads can be carried out independently of the transmission technology and other boundary conditions (speed, traffic density, non-line of sight/line of sight). The situation is different for studies in urban areas, where both technologies may not have a sufficiently reliable connection range depending on the traffic density.}, language = {en} } @article{WoehrlKotakGeisbaueretal.2023, author = {W{\"o}hrl, Katharina and Kotak, Yash and Geisbauer, Christian and Barra, S{\"o}nke and Wilhelm, Gudrun and Schneider, Gerhard and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Analysis of Deactivation of 18,650 Lithium-Ion Cells in CaCl2, Tap Water and Demineralized Water for Different Insertion Times}, volume = {23}, pages = {3901}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {8}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083901}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The deployment of battery-powered electric vehicles in the market has created a naturally increasing need for the safe deactivation and recycling of batteries. Various deactivating methods for lithium-ion cells include electrical discharging or deactivation with liquids. Such methods are also useful for cases where the cell tabs are not accessible. In the literature analyses, different deactivation media are used, but none include the use of calcium chloride (CaCl2) salt. As compared to other media, the major advantage of this salt is that it can capture the highly reactive and hazardous molecules of Hydrofluoric acid. To analyse the actual performance of this salt in terms of practicability and safety, this experimental research aims to compare it against regular Tap Water and Demineralized Water. This will be accomplished by performing nail penetration tests on deactivated cells and comparing their residual energy against each other. Moreover, these three different media and respective cells are analysed after deactivation, i.e., based on conductivity measurements, cell mass, flame photometry, fluoride content, computer tomography and pH value. It was found that the cells deactivated in the CaCl2 solution did not show any signs of Fluoride ions, whereas cells deactivated in TW showed the emergence of Fluoride ions in the 10th week of the insertion. However, with the addition of CaCl2 in TW, the deactivation process > 48 h for TW declines to 0.5-2 h, which could be an optimal solution for real-world situations where deactivating cells at a high pace is essential.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StegerNitscheBradeetal.2017, author = {Steger, Fabian and Nitsche, Alexander and Brade, Katja and Belski, Iouri and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Teaching Energy Storages by means of a Student Battery Cell Test System}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 45th SEFI Annual Conference 2017: Education Excellence for Sustainability}, editor = {Quadrado, Jos{\´e} Carlos and Bernardino, Jorge and Rocha, Jo{\~a}o}, publisher = {SEFI (Soci{\´e}t{\´e} Europ{\´e}enne pour la Formation des Ing{\´e}nieurs)}, address = {Br{\"u}ssel}, isbn = {978-989-98875-7-2}, url = {https://www.sefi.be/conference/2017-azores/}, pages = {169 -- 176}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{NeblStegerSchweiger2017, author = {Nebl, Christoph and Steger, Fabian and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Discharge Capacity of Energy Storages as a Function of the Discharge Current-Expanding Peukert's equation}, volume = {12}, journal = {International Journal of Electrochemical Science}, number = {6}, publisher = {ESG}, address = {Belgrad}, issn = {1452-3981}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.20964/2017.06.51}, pages = {4940 -- 4957}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In 1897 Wilhelm Peukert tested lead-acid batteries with constant current and observed that a single equation can describe the relationship between the discharge capacity of the battery and a constant discharge current. In this article the dependence of the discharge capacity of lithium-ion battery cells, electrochemical double-layer capacitors and lithium capacitors are investigated from low to very high discharge rates. From low to intermediate discharge rates, these energy storage devices show ideal Peukert behavior, but a deviation was observed at high discharge rates. The cells provide less charge than predicted by Peukert's Law. To describe this deviation, a new equation has been derived by expanding Peukert's law to very discharge rates. It is capable to describe the discharge behavior of lithium-ion battery cells, electrochemical double-layer capacitors and lithium capacitors from low to high discharge rates in an unequivocal way.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoehmNitscheBirkeetal.2017, author = {B{\"o}hm, Klaus and Nitsche, Alexander and Birke, Peter and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Application of vehicle control units as event data recorders in hybrid and electric vehicles (THI-CARISSMA-DEKRA)}, booktitle = {Proceedings 26th EVU-congress 2017}, publisher = {EVU}, address = {Berlin}, year = {2017}, language = {en} }