@article{WeiglEiseleRiener2022, author = {Weigl, Klemens and Eisele, Daniel and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Estimated years until the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles and the willingness to pay for them in Germany: Focus on age and gender}, volume = {11}, journal = {International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2046-0430}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2022.03.006}, pages = {216 -- 228}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Automated vehicles (AVs) are expected to enter the market within the next few years. However, their introduction would not only be a technological, but also a societal one - and it is therefore crucial to examine the public's attitudes, opinions, and beliefs about AVs. It is particularly interesting to study when AVs are estimated to be accepted and adopted, and to query the willingness to pay for them. Hence, we applied a mixed-methods approach to collect quantitative and qualitative data and carried out a cross-sectional survey study. We focused on collecting an almost balanced sample across age and gender from 725 respondents (351 female, 374 male) with an age range from 18 to 96 years. Our results revealed that AVs are estimated to be accepted and adopted in about 10 years at SAE level L3 and in about 20 years at L5. Moreover, on average we found that the participants would be willing to pay 10.6 \% more for an AV at L3 and 14.5 \% at L5, but those estimates are affected by large outlier values. Nevertheless, we also observed that between 40 and 33 \% of women and 41 and 33 \% of men would not be willing to pay any more for an AV neither at L3 nor at L5, respectively. Ultimately, manufacturers and policymakers will have to take these findings into account if they really want to establish AVs as a widespread technological and societal revolution.}, language = {en} } @article{WeiglNeesEiseleetal.2022, author = {Weigl, Klemens and Nees, Michael A. and Eisele, Daniel and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Acceptance of automated vehicles: Gender effects, but lack of meaningful association with desire for control in Germany and in the U.S.}, volume = {2022}, pages = {100563}, journal = {Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives}, number = {13}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2590-1982}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2022.100563}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Although automated vehicles (AVs) come with many promises such as enabling the driver-passenger to perform non-driving-related-tasks or increased safety, the public's acceptance of AVs will have a crucial impact on whether or not AVs will be ultimately adopted. In particular, the personality trait desire for control may influence the acceptance of AVs, which has received scant research attention to date. Therefore, we independently carried out two questionnaire studies: Study 1 in Germany and Study 2 in the U.S. In both studies, we applied the self-driving car acceptance scale (SCAS) and the desirability of control scale (DoCS). In Study 1, we queried 114 participants (60 female) and in Study 2 we sampled data from 601 participants (322 female). In both studies, our findings consistently indicate that the overall DoCS factor was not associated with the overall SCAS factor. We only uncovered a weak positive correlation in Study 1, but only for a reduced overall acceptance factor with 10 items obtained by factor analyses instead of the 24 items of the SCAS. Furthermore, our results revealed that women assign significantly lower ratings to the overall acceptance factor of AVs as well as to the desirability for control factor than men, both in Germany and in the U.S., respectively. Despite the influence of gender on acceptance of AVs and DoCS, we conclude that there might be either no or only a weak association between desire for control and acceptance of AVs, which needs to be further investigated in future studies.}, language = {en} }