@article{DenkDielHuber2015, author = {Denk, Josef and Diel, Sergej and Huber, Otto}, title = {Experimental and Numerical Analyses of the Lightweight Potential for Hybrid Thin-Walled Members}, volume = {2015}, journal = {Materials Science Forum}, number = {825-826}, publisher = {Trans Tech Publications}, address = {Pfaffikon}, issn = {1662-9752}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.825-826.732}, pages = {732 -- 740}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @article{DielHuberSaageetal.2012, author = {Diel, Sergej and Huber, Otto and Saage, Holger and Steinmann, Paul and Winter, Werner}, title = {Mechanical behavior of a cellular composite under quasi-static, static, and cyclic compression loading}, volume = {47}, journal = {Journal of Materials Science}, number = {15}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1573-4803}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6432-0}, pages = {5635 -- 5645}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchlegelHoeslDiel2009, author = {Schlegel, Clemens and H{\"o}sl, Andreas and Diel, Sergej}, title = {Detailed Loss Modelling of Vehicle Gearboxes}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International Modelica Conference}, editor = {Casella, Francesco}, publisher = {University Electronic Press}, address = {Link{\"o}ping}, isbn = {978-91-7393-513-5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp09430059}, pages = {434 -- 443}, year = {2009}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DielHuber2016, author = {Diel, Sergej and Huber, Otto}, title = {Static and Cyclic Damage Behavior of a Cellular Composite and its Application in a Sandwich Structure}, booktitle = {Proceeding of the 17th European Conference on Composite Materials: ECCM17}, publisher = {MAI Carbon Cluster Management}, address = {Augsburg}, isbn = {978-3-00-053387-7}, url = {https://www.carbon-connected.de/Group/ECCM17.-.17th.European.Conference.on.Composite.Materials/3-SaT/Start/Accordion?perPage=10\&page=28\#21054}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DielSerifsoyKiessling2017, author = {Diel, Sergej and Serifsoy, Murat and Kießling, Andreas}, title = {Betriebsfestigkeitsbewertung von Anbauteilen mit Hilfe einer dynamischen MKS-Simulation}, booktitle = {(R)Evolution des Antriebs - Auswirkung auf die Betriebsfestigkeit der Bauteile in der Wirkungskette}, publisher = {DVM}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0944-5242}, pages = {131 -- 142}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @article{HuberDiel2022, author = {Huber, Otto and Diel, Sergej}, title = {Design f{\"u}r Leichtbau und Nachhaltigkeit}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Technik in Bayern: Nachrichten aus Technik, Naturwissenschaft und Wirtschaft: das Regionalmagazin f{\"u}r VDI und VDE}, number = {1}, publisher = {MuP Verlag GmbH}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1610-6563}, url = {https://www.technik-in-bayern.de/mehr-technik/ingenieurskunst/design-fuer-leichtbau-und-nachhaltigkeit}, pages = {14 -- 15}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @article{ViewegerDielSchweigeretal.2024, author = {Vieweger, Daniel and Diel, Sergej and Schweiger, Hans-Georg and Tetzlaff, Ulrich}, title = {Mechanical Properties of Raw Filaments and Printed Specimens: Effects of Fiber Reinforcements and Process Parameters}, volume = {16}, pages = {1576}, journal = {Polymers}, number = {11}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4360}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16111576}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a well-established manufacturing method for producing both prototype and functional components. This study investigates the mechanical properties of FDM components by material and process-related influencing variables. Tensile tests were conducted on seven different materials in their raw filament form, two of which were fiber-reinforced, to analyze their material-related influence. To cover a wide range from standard to advanced materials relevant for load-carrying components as well as their respective variations, polylactic acid (PLA), 30\% wood-fiber-reinforced PLA, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), a blend of ABS and PC, Nylon, and 30\% glass-fiber-reinforced Nylon were selected. The process-related influencing variables were studied using the following process parameters: layer thickness, nozzle diameter, build orientation, nozzle temperature, infill density and pattern, and raster angle. The first test series revealed that the addition of wood fibers significantly worsened the mechanical behavior of PLA due to the lack of fiber bonding to the matrix and significant pore formation. The polymer blend of ABS and PC only showed improvements in stiffness. Significant strength and stiffness improvements were found by embedding glass fibers in Nylon, despite partially poor fiber-matrix bonding. The materials with the best properties were selected for the process parameter analysis. When examining the impact of layer thickness on part strength, a clear correlation was evident. Smaller layer thicknesses resulted in higher strength, while stiffness did not appear to be affected. Conversely, larger nozzle diameters and lower nozzle temperatures only positively impacted stiffness, with little effect on strength. The part orientation did alter the fracture behavior of the test specimens. Although an on-edge orientation resulted in higher stiffness, it failed at lower stresses. Higher infill densities and infill patterns aligned with the load direction led to the best mechanical results. The raster angle had a significant impact on the behavior of the printed bodies. An alternating raster angle resulted in lower strengths and stiffness compared to a unidirectional raster angle. However, it also caused significant stretching due to the rotation of the beads.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KochSteindeAbreuetal.2024, author = {Koch, Daniel and Stein, Murillo and de Abreu, Samuel Luna and Diel, Sergej and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Characterization and modeling of the swelling behavior of a LiFePO4 pouch cell in multiple operating conditions}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), Proceedings}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3315-4160-6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC63154.2024.10755252}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @article{DielHuber2017, author = {Diel, Sergej and Huber, Otto}, title = {A Continuum Damage Mechanics Model for the Static and Cyclic Fatigue of Cellular Composites}, volume = {10}, pages = {951}, journal = {Materials}, number = {8}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1944}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10080951}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The fatigue behavior of a cellular composite with an epoxy matrix and glass foam granules is analyzed and modeled by means of continuum damage mechanics. The investigated cellular composite is a particular type of composite foam, and is very similar to syntactic foams. In contrast to conventional syntactic foams constituted by hollow spherical particles (balloons), cellular glass, mineral, or metal place holders are combined with the matrix material (metal or polymer) in the case of cellular composites. A microstructural investigation of the damage behavior is performed using scanning electron microscopy. For the modeling of the fatigue behavior, the damage is separated into pure static and pure cyclic damage and described in terms of the stiffness loss of the material using damage models for cyclic and creep damage. Both models incorporate nonlinear accumulation and interaction of damage. A cycle jumping procedure is developed, which allows for a fast and accurate calculation of the damage evolution for constant load frequencies. The damage model is applied to examine the mean stress effect for cyclic fatigue and to investigate the frequency effect and the influence of the signal form in the case of static and cyclic damage interaction. The calculated lifetimes are in very good agreement with experimental results.}, language = {en} } @article{DielHuber2014, author = {Diel, Sergej and Huber, Otto}, title = {Comparison of Tensile and Compressive Creep-Fatigue Damage Behavior of Cellular Composites}, journal = {11th International Fatigue Congress}, publisher = {Trans Tech Publications}, address = {D{\"u}rnten}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.891-892.633}, pages = {633 -- 638}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{DielHuberSteinmannetal.2013, author = {Diel, Sergej and Huber, Otto and Steinmann, Paul and Winter, Werner}, title = {Design and validation of a new fixture for the shear testing of cellular solids}, volume = {84}, journal = {Archive of Applied Mechanics}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1432-0681}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-013-0801-2}, pages = {309 -- 321}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{RufinoJuniorRivaSanseverinoGalloetal.2024, author = {Rufino J{\´u}nior, Carlos Ant{\^o}nio and Riva Sanseverino, Eleonora and Gallo, Pierluigi and Koch, Daniel and Diel, Sergej and Walter, Gero and Trilla, Llu{\´i}s and Ferreira, Victor Jos{\´e} and Benveniste, Gabriela and Kotak, Yash and Eichman, Joshua and Schweiger, Hans-Georg and Zanin, Hudson}, title = {Towards to Battery Digital Passport: Reviewing Regulations and Standards for Second-Life Batteries}, volume = {10}, pages = {115}, journal = {Batteries}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2313-0105}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10040115}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Greenhouse gas emissions from transportation harm the environment. In response to these environmental concerns, numerous countries encourage the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) as a more environmentally friendly option than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. Advances in battery technology have made batteries an alternative solution for energy storage in stationary applications and for electric mobility. Reduced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) production costs due to economies of scale, electrode material and cell design developments, and manufacturing process improvements have driven this success. This trend is expected to increase the number of LIBs on the market that may be discarded in the environment at the end of their useful life if more sustainable alternatives are not technologically mature. This coming environmental concern can be mitigated by collecting wasted EV batteries, reconfiguring them, and reusing them for applications with less stringent weight, performance, and size requirements. This method would extend battery life and reduce environmental effects. The present work investigates the main regulatory structures of the second-life battery industry that require rules, technical standards, and laws. To achieve this objective, a systematic review was carried out following a strict protocol that includes identifying relevant studies, extracting data and information, evaluating, and summarizing information. This paper explains the primary rules and technical standards governing the second-life battery business. The findings highlight the need for universities, research institutions, and government agencies to evaluate the second-life battery industry objectively. This would enable the creation of new technological regulations and laws for this burgeoning industry.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{RufinoJuniorRivaSanseverinoGalloetal.2023, author = {Rufino J{\´u}nior, Carlos Ant{\^o}nio and Riva Sanseverino, Eleonora and Gallo, Pierluigi and Amaral, Murilo Machado and Koch, Daniel and Kotak, Yash and Diel, Sergej and Walter, Gero and Schweiger, Hans-Georg and Zanin, Hudson}, title = {A Comprehensive Review of EV Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation}, publisher = {Preprints}, address = {Basel}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.0228.v2}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Lithium-ion batteries with improved energy densities have made understanding the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) generation mechanisms that cause mechanical, thermal, and chemical failures more complicated. SEI processes reduce battery capacity and power. Thus, a review of this area's understanding is important. It is essential to know how batteries degrade in EVs to estimate battery lifespan as it goes, predict, and minimize losses, and determine the ideal time for a replacement. Lithium-ion batteries used in EVs mainly suffer two types of degradation: calendar degradation and cycling degradation. Despite the existence of several existing works in the literature, several aspects of battery degradation remain unclear or have not been analyzed in detail. This work presents a systematic review of existing works in the literature. The results of the present investigation provide insight into the complex relationships among various factors affecting battery degradation mechanisms. Specifically, this systematic review examined the effects of time, side reactions, temperature fluctuations, high charge/discharge rates, depth of discharge, mechanical stress, thermal stress, and the voltage relationship on battery performance and longevity. The results revealed that these factors interact in complex ways to influence the degradation mechanisms of batteries. For example, high charge currents and deep discharges were found to accelerate degradation, while low temperatures and moderate discharge depths were shown to be beneficial for battery longevity. Additionally, the results showed that the relationship between cell voltage and State-of-Charge (SOC) plays a critical role in determining the rate of degradation. Overall, these findings have important implications for the design and operation of battery systems, as they highlight the need to carefully manage a range of factors to maximize battery performance and longevity. The result is an analysis of the main articles published in this field in recent years. This work aims to present new knowledge about fault detection, diagnosis, and management of lithium-ion batteries based on battery degradation concepts. The new knowledge is presented and discussed in a structured and comprehensive way.}, language = {en} } @article{HussenetherRufinoJuniorSelaibePiresetal.2026, author = {Hußenether, Thomas and Rufino J{\´u}nior, Carlos Ant{\^o}nio and Selaibe Pires, Tom{\´a}s and Mishra, Tarani and Nahar, Jinesh and Vaghani, Akash and Polzer, Richard and Diel, Sergej and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Analysis of the Measurement Uncertainties in the Characterization Tests of Lithium-Ion Cells}, volume = {19}, pages = {825}, journal = {Energies}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/en19030825}, year = {2026}, abstract = {The transition to renewable energy systems and electric mobility depends on the effectiveness, reliability, and durability of lithium-ion battery technology. Accurate modeling and control of battery systems are essential to ensure safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness in electric vehicles and grid storage. In engineering and materials science, battery models depend on physical parameters such as capacity, energy, state of charge (SOC), internal resistance, power, and self-discharge rate. These parameters are affected by measurement uncertainty. Despite the widespread use of lithium-ion cells, few studies quantify how measurement uncertainty propagates to derived battery parameters and affects predictive modeling. This study quantifies how uncertainty in voltage, current, and temperature measurements reduces the accuracy of derived parameters used for simulation and control. This work presents a comprehensive uncertainty analysis of 18650 format lithium-ion cells with nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes. It applies the law of error propagation to quantify uncertainty in key battery parameters. The main result shows that small variations in voltage, current, and temperature measurements can produce measurable deviations in internal resistance and SOC. These findings challenge the common assumption that such uncertainties are negligible in practice. The results also highlight a risk for battery management systems that rely on these parameters for control and diagnostics. The results show that propagated uncertainty depends on chemistry because of differences in voltage profiles, kinetic limitations, and temperature sensitivity. This observation informs cell selection and testing for specific applications. Improved quantification and control of measurement uncertainty can improve model calibration and reduce lifetime and cost risks in battery systems. These results support more robust diagnostic strategies and more defensible warranty thresholds. This study shows that battery testing and modeling should report and propagate measurement uncertainty explicitly. This is important for data-driven and physics-informed models used in industry and research.}, language = {en} } @article{RufinoJuniorRivaSanseverinoGalloetal.2024, author = {Rufino J{\´u}nior, Carlos Ant{\^o}nio and Riva Sanseverino, Eleonora and Gallo, Pierluigi and Amaral, Murilo Machado and Koch, Daniel and Kotak, Yash and Diel, Sergej and Walter, Gero and Schweiger, Hans-Georg and Zanin, Hudson}, title = {Unraveling the Degradation Mechanisms of Lithium-Ion Batteries}, volume = {17}, pages = {3372}, journal = {Energies}, number = {14}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143372}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) usually present several degradation processes, which include their complex Solid-Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) formation process, which can result in mechanical, thermal, and chemical failures. The SEI layer is a protective layer that forms on the anode surface. The SEI layer allows the movement of lithium ions while blocking electrons, which is necessary to prevent short circuits in the battery and ensure safe operation. However, the SEI formation mechanisms reduce battery capacity and power as they consume electrolyte species, resulting in irreversible material loss. Furthermore, it is important to understand the degradation reactions of the LIBs used in Electric Vehicles (EVs), aiming to establish the battery lifespan, predict and minimise material losses, and establish an adequate time for replacement. Moreover, LIBs applied in EVs suffer from two main categories of degradation, which are, specifically, calendar degradation and cycling degradation. There are several studies about battery degradation available in the literature, including different degradation phenomena, but the degradation mechanisms of large-format LIBs have rarely been investigated. Therefore, this review aims to present a systematic review of the existing literature about LIB degradation, providing insight into the complex parameters that affect battery degradation mechanisms. Furthermore, this review has investigated the influence of time, C-rate, depth of discharge, working voltage window, thermal and mechanical stresses, and side reactions in the degradation of LIBs.}, language = {en} } @article{WalterDielRufinoJunioretal.2024, author = {Walter, Gero and Diel, Sergej and Rufino J{\´u}nior, Carlos Ant{\^o}nio and Schweiger, Hans-Georg and Valente de Bessa, Iury and Mallmann, Ma{\´i}ra and Kirsten Vidal de Oliveira, Aline and Odilio Dos Santos, Daniel and R{\"u}ther, Ricardo}, title = {Operating Behavior of a Photovoltaic-driven Electrolysis System}, volume = {15}, journal = {Revista Brasileira de Energia Solar}, number = {1}, publisher = {ABENS}, address = {S{\~a}o Paulo}, issn = {2526-2831}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.59627/rbens.2024v15i1.456}, pages = {82 -- 92}, year = {2024}, language = {en} }