@techreport{ReiterTrinklZoerner2011, author = {Reiter, Christoph and Trinkl, Christoph and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried}, title = {Kunststoffe in solarthermischen Kollektoren - Anforderungsdefinition, Konzeptentwicklung und Machbarkeitsbewertung}, subtitle = {Abschlussbericht im Forschungsvorhaben Solarthermie2000plus}, pages = {140}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Die Hersteller von Solarw{\"a}rmeanlagen bem{\"u}hen sich stetig um die Senkung der Herstellkosten, vor allem des Solarkollektors, des weithin sichtbaren „Herzst{\"u}cks" jeder Solarw{\"a}rmeanlage. Massiv steigende Weltmarktpreise f{\"u}r die haupts{\"a}chlich eingesetzten Werkstoffe Aluminium und Kupfer laufen den Bem{\"u}hungen nach weiteren Kostensenkungen in der Kollektorfertigung aber leider entgegen. Der Einsatz von alternativen Werkstoffen, wie etwa Kunststoffen, f{\"u}r Solarkollektoren wird daher als vielversprechend angesehen. Die Verwendung von Kunststoffen im Solarkollektorbau kann dabei gleich mehrere Vorz{\"u}ge bieten. Neben der Einsparung von kostspieligem Kupfer und/oder Aluminium sind mit den polymeren Materialien durch eine m{\"o}gliche Gewichtsreduzierung gleichzeitig auch Vorteile bei der Montage verbunden. Durch Nutzung moderner Fertigungstechnologien von Kunststoffformteilen kann zudem die Kollektorfertigung automatisiert und damit die Kosten weiter gesenkt werden. Allerdings sind mit dem Einsatz von Kunststoffen bei den thermisch oft hoch belasteten Solarkollektoren auch technologische Herausforderungen verbunden. So stellen beispielsweise die begrenzte Temperatur-, Druck-, UV- und Langzeitbest{\"a}ndigkeit sowie die gegen{\"u}ber Kupfer schlechtere W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit kosteng{\"u}nstiger Kunststoffe hohe H{\"u}rden f{\"u}r deren Einsatz in Solarkollektoren dar. Im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens wurden zun{\"a}chst die auftretenden Temperaturlasten an den Kollektorbauteilen im Feldtest im Detail erfasst und in Jahreshistogrammen analysiert. Dabei erreicht der im System eingebundene Absorber Temperaturen von bis zu 192°C. Ein dauerhaft stagnierender Referenzabsorber erreicht 208°C und verweilt {\"u}ber 1.100 Stunden im Jahr auf einem Temperaturniveau von mehr als 95°C. Dies verdeutlicht die Notwendigkeit einer Reduktion oder im besten Fall einer aktiven Kontrolle der auftretenden Temperaturbelastungen an einigen Bauteilen, wie etwa dem Absorber. Desweiteren wird aber auch deutlich, dass f{\"u}r s{\"a}mtliche Geh{\"a}usebauteile die Temperaturbelastung nicht die zentrale H{\"u}rde f{\"u}r den Kunststoffeinsatz darstellt. Zusammenfassend zeigt sich in den Messungen, dass im Hinblick auf Werkstoffspezifikationen eine sehr diversifizierte Betrachtung der Temperaturverl{\"a}ufe auf Bauteilebene erforderlich ist, anstelle der Angabe einer einheitlichen Maximaltemperatur f{\"u}r den gesamten Kollektor. Anschließend wurden sowohl verf{\"u}gbare als auch potenzielle {\"U}berhitzungsschutzmaßnahmen f{\"u}r solarthermische Kollektoren erfasst und hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkmechanismen systematisiert. Ausgew{\"a}hlte Maßnahmen wurden in einer Simulation unter Nutzung eines speziell entwickelten, dynamischen Kollektormodells auf ihr Einsatzpotenzial hin untersucht. Es zeigt sich. dass eine nennenswerte Reduktion der thermischen Belastung an den Kollektorbauteilen u.a. ohne Einbuße des Anlagenertrages mit verschiedenen Maßnahmen prinzipiell durchaus erreichbar ist und vor allem perspektivisch erreicht werden kann. Das bedeutet, es werden L{\"o}sungswege aufgezeigt um den Einsatz neuer Werkstoffe wie etwa kosteng{\"u}nstiger Massenkunststoffe sogar am Absorber, also dem aus Sicht der Temperaturbelastung kritischsten Bauteil, realisieren zu k{\"o}nnen. Die dargestellten Simulationsergebnisse zeigen dar{\"u}ber hinaus einerseits die Zielparameter f{\"u}r die zweifelsfrei noch erforderliche Entwicklung, andererseits aber auch das Anwendungspotenzial einzelner L{\"o}sungen wie etwa den thermochromen Schichten auf, das in der Zukunft in jedem Fall zu heben ist. Auf Basis dieser Ergebnisse wurden Konzepte f{\"u}r Kunststoffkollektoren unter Nutzung ad{\"a}quater Fertigungsverfahren entwickelt, um die Umsetzungs- und Gestaltungsm{\"o}glichkeiten aufzuzeigen. Abschließend wurden diese Konzepte hinsichtlich der Herstellkosten mit Standard-Flachkollektoren verglichen, wobei Kunststoffkollektoren neben den Vorteilen bei der Montage und Installation ein Kostensenkungspotenzial von bis zu 50\% Prozent aufweisen k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @article{ReiterTrinklZoerneretal.2015, author = {Reiter, Christoph and Trinkl, Christoph and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried and Hanby, Victor Ian}, title = {A Dynamic Multinode Model for Component-Oriented Thermal Analysis of Flat-Plate Solar Collectors}, volume = {2015}, pages = {280694}, journal = {Journal of Solar Energy}, publisher = {Hindawi Publ.}, address = {New York; Cairo}, issn = {2314-6230}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/280694}, year = {2015}, abstract = {A mathematical model of a flat-plate solar collector was developed on the basis of the physical principles of optics and heat transfer in order to determine collector's component temperatures as well as collector efficiency. In contrast to many available models, the targeted use of this dynamic model is the detailed, theoretical investigation of the thermal behaviour of newly developed or adjusted collector designs on component level, for example, absorber, casing, or transparent cover. The defined model is based on a multinode network (absorber, fluid, glazing, and backside insulation) containing the relevant physical equations to transfer the energy. The heat transfer network covers heat conduction, convection, and radiation. Furthermore, the collector optics is defined for the plane glazing and the absorber surface and also considers interactions between them. The model enables the variation of physical properties considering the geometric parameters and materials. Finally, the model was validated using measurement data and existing efficiency curve models. Both comparisons proved high accuracy of the developed model with deviation of up to 3\% in collector efficiency and 1 K in component temperatures.}, language = {en} } @article{ReiterBrandmayrTrinkletal.2014, author = {Reiter, Christoph and Brandmayr, Sebastian and Trinkl, Christoph and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried and Hanby, Victor Ian}, title = {Performance Optimisation of Polymeric Collectors by Means of Dynamic Simulation and Sensitivity Analysis}, volume = {2014}, journal = {Energy Procedia}, number = {48}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1876-6102}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.02.023}, pages = {181 -- 191}, year = {2014}, abstract = {A dynamic flat-plate collector model for parametric sensitivity studies on polymer-based collector designs was developed. Validation using experimental results of conventional flat-plate collectors showed satisfying results especially regarding the calculation of individual part temperatures of a collector. The model was used to predict system efficiency as well as individual part temperatures in order to analyse a polymeric collector approach in comparison to a conventional collector. The simulation results showed that the fractional energy savings of systems with conventional flat-plate collectors cannot be reached with the analysed polymeric collector approach. Also the stagnation temperatures of more efficient approaches are too high for low-cost polymeric materials. The exemplary analysis of annual temperature loads of the backside insulation for different approaches proved the necessity of careful collector design aiming at temperature reduction for all individual collector parts.}, language = {en} } @article{BottEhrenwirthTrinkletal.2022, author = {Bott, Christoph and Ehrenwirth, Mathias and Trinkl, Christoph and Bayer, Peter}, title = {Component-based modeling of ground-coupled seasonal thermal energy storages}, volume = {2022}, pages = {118810}, journal = {Applied Thermal Engineering}, number = {214}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-5606}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118810}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Seasonal thermal energy storages are considered a central element of modern, innovative energy systems and help to harmonize fluctuating energy sources. Furthermore, they allow for an improved coupling between the electricity and heating sectors. Despite recent improvements of planning processes and enhanced models, significant discrepancies between projected and measured heat losses were revealed. Additional shortcomings of available tools relate to limitations in specifying geometry, internal design, or physical processes. Addressing these drawbacks, this study employs a revised, alternative approach by using a flexible, component-based, model ("STORE"). It allows variable flexible parameterizations to study diverse design scenarios. After introducing relevant seasonal thermal energy storage components, processes and mechanisms, datasets, and evaluation techniques, a plausibility test is presented that applies a common thermal energy storage model for benchmarking. In a test study, the re-use of a circa 1,000 m3 large swimming pool is simulated. STORE is used to investigate performance trends caused by different designs (e.g., insulation thicknesses, materials at individual interfaces). For the plausibility test, the results show a high degree of coverage and good applicability. Further, the results of the test study show a storage efficiency of 12.4\% for an uninsulated base case, which can be improved to 69.5\% in case of the most complex, highly insulated configuration. Critical trends are revealed, covering reduced peak capacity levels (26.5 to 23.5 MWh) and raised average filling temperatures (39.1 to 45.2 °C). Improved long-term behavior involves reduced environmental impacts due to reduced heating of the ambient soil (+7.9 K compared to +14.1 K after 2 years). General conclusions reveal that an optimal design should initially focus on an external cover of soil and top insulation. However, evaluations should base on multiple parameters depending on the target criteria. This is where the present model is highly useful. The capability of STORE to rapidly analyze a plethora of scenarios proves its high applicability for optimizing the planning processes of seasonal thermal energy storage projects.}, language = {en} } @techreport{HaeringTrinklZoerner2010, author = {H{\"a}ring, Georg and Trinkl, Christoph and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried}, title = {Regeneratives Heizen und K{\"u}hlen in einem Multifunktionsgeb{\"a}ude: {\"U}berwachung und Bewertung einer regenerativ versorgten Heiz und K{\"u}hlanlage in einem Multifunktionsgeb{\"a}ude}, subtitle = {Abschlussbericht im Demonstrationsvorhaben}, institution = {Institut f{\"u}r Angewandte Forschung, IAF}, pages = {111}, year = {2010}, language = {de} } @techreport{HallerTrinklWittmannetal.2008, author = {Haller, Achim and Trinkl, Christoph and Wittmann, Roland and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried}, title = {Nutzung thermischer Solarenergie zur sorptionsgest{\"u}tzten Klimatisierung: Planung, Errichtung und {\"U}berwachung einer solargest{\"u}tzten Geb{\"a}udeklimatisierung in einer gewerblich genutzten Halle}, subtitle = {Demonstrationsvorhaben ; Abschlussbericht}, institution = {Institut f{\"u}r Angewandte Forschung, IAF}, pages = {50}, year = {2008}, abstract = {The CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR SOLAR ENGINEERING of Ingolstadt University of Applied Sciences investigates the renewable-only based HVAC system of a multipurpose building. The 10.000 m² gross floor area building is part of the biggest logistic-centre in the region serving the AUDI automobile production facilities. On the one hand, the investigation is supposed to demonstrate the potential of solar-assisted cooling, on the other hand, the monitoring focuses on the total energy balance of the building and the various innovative building technologies. Next to a ground source heat pump plant for base-load heating and cooling, the building is equipped with two arrays of solar-thermal flat-plate collectors (108 m² + 178 m²) and a desiccant air-conditioning system (DEC). This consists of two plants with a nominal air flow of 8.000 m³/h each. One of the two plants is monitored, where the plant itself is considered a black box in a first approach, i.e. all incoming and outgoing energy flows and the air condition are measured. Apart from the investigation of the performance of the solar-assisted air-conditioning system, the feasibility of DECoperation using flat-plate collectors available on the market is investigated. During the first year of operation (2006) massive problems occurred in the operation of the DEC-plant. While the degree of comfort in the building was found to be satisfying during the cooling period, the solar-driven DEC-plant showed major deficiencies in cooling performance, hydraulics and control. Especially, a too high rotational speed of the desiccant wheel and an inadequate adjustment of solar collector arrays, DEC-plants and building structure were identified. Therefore, in an overhaul of the system several problems in the hardware were found and corrected such as blocked nozzles due to calcinations, leakages in the sealing of the desiccant wheel and an incorrect installation of a non-return valve in the hydraulic system of the regeneration air heater. Moreover, the control strategy regarding the cooling power of the plant and the speed of the desiccant wheel was checked. In the second year of operation (2007), some deficiencies of the first year were found to be removed, but the plant still did not work according to its capacity. Insufficient dehumidification by the desiccant wheel was identified as a major problem. Based on a detailed analysis of the desiccant wheel, one-sided displacement of the sorbent was supposed to be the reason for insufficient cooling capacity. Obviously, control or mechanical malfunctions during operation have lead to a one-sided oversaturation and thus to a one-sided damage of the desiccant wheel. Consequently, the damaged wheel is to be removed prior to the 2008 cooling period. In order to tap the full potential of both the solar DEC-plant and the building's innovative concept, a number of further measures, especially concerning the matching of the DECplant and the solar system with the building management, need to be taken in future.}, language = {de} } @techreport{TrinklZoerner2005, author = {Trinkl, Christoph and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried}, title = {Planung, Errichtung, Betrieb und Optimierung einer solarunterst{\"u}tzten Geb{\"a}udeheizung in einem Altbau}, subtitle = {Demonstrationsvorhaben Rationelle Energienutzung / Erneuerbare Energien ; Abschlussbericht}, institution = {Institut f{\"u}r Angewandte Forschung, IAF}, pages = {27}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Vor dem Hintergrund der weiteren Verbreitung solarunterst{\"u}tzter Heizungsanlagen auch im Geb{\"a}udebestand und der damit oftmals verbundenen Frage nach dem „richtigen" Kollektortyp initiierte das KOMPETENZZENTRUM SOLARTECHNIK der Fachhochschule Ingolstadt ein Demonstrationsvorhaben zur experimentellen Untersuchung einer entsprechenden Anlage. So wurde ein solarunterst{\"u}tztes Geb{\"a}udeheizungssystem in einem f{\"u}r den s{\"u}ddeutschen Geb{\"a}udebestand repr{\"a}sentativen Zweifamilienhaus realisiert und mit umfangreicher Messtechnik ausgestattet. Die Heizungsanlage besteht aus einem Schichtspeicher (800 l), einem Flachkollektorfeld (Bruttofl{\"a}che: 6,42 m²) und einem Feld direktdurchstr{\"o}mter Vakuumr{\"o}hrenkollektoren (15,6 m²). Als zus{\"a}tzlicher W{\"a}rmeerzeuger ist ein {\"O}lkessel (22 kW) vorhanden. Messtechnisch erfasst werden alle W{\"a}rmeerzeuger und -verbraucher sowie die Wetterbedingungen. Es zeigt sich in diesem Projekt, dass der Einsatz von solarer Heizungsunterst{\"u}tzung auch in bestehenden Geb{\"a}uden durchaus Sinn macht und nennenswerte Brennstoff- und damit CO2-Einsparungen erreicht werden k{\"o}nnen, falls bestimmte Voraussetzungen erf{\"u}llt sind. Als sehr vorteilhaft am beschriebenen Geb{\"a}ude muss dabei gewertet werden, dass der Heizw{\"a}rmebedarf in weiten Teilen {\"u}ber Fußbodenheizsysteme mit niedriger Vorlauftemperatur abgedeckt wird. So ist die Einbindung der Solarsysteme in eine bestehende Heizungsanlage unter Weiterverwendung vorhandener Komponenten m{\"o}glich und besonders sinnvoll. Es zeigte sich im Projektverlauf jedoch, dass die hydraulische und regelungstechnische Realisierung solcher verh{\"a}ltnism{\"a}ßig komplexer Anlagen {\"a}ußerste Sorgfalt erfordert. Hinsichtlich der Tauglichkeit der beiden Kollektortypen f{\"u}r solare Heizungsunterst{\"u}tzung bleibt festzuhalten, dass sowohl der eingesetzte Vakuumr{\"o}hrenkollektor als auch der Flachkollektor prinzipiell daf{\"u}r als sehr geeignet erscheinen. Dabei blieb der Vakuumr{\"o}hrenkollektor jedoch hinter dem erwarteten Mehrertrag gegen{\"u}ber dem Flachkollektor deutlich zur{\"u}ck. So offenbarte der Vakuumr{\"o}hrenkollektor gerade im realen Winterbetrieb, der eigentlich eine St{\"a}rke dieses Kollektortyps darstellen sollte, konzeptionelle Schw{\"a}chen. Nicht zuletzt angesichts der Tatsache, dass der Vakuumr{\"o}hrenkollektor selbst bei relativ niedrigen Außentemperaturen keinen betr{\"a}chtlichen Mehrertrag erbrachte, erscheint damit der Flachkollektor f{\"u}r solare Heizungsunterst{\"u}tzung auch in der {\"U}bergangszeit als technisch wie wirtschaftlich {\"a}ußerst interessante Alternative.}, language = {de} } @article{MehtaEhrenwirthTrinkletal.2021, author = {Mehta, Kedar and Ehrenwirth, Mathias and Trinkl, Christoph and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried and Greenough, Richard}, title = {The energy situation in Central Asia}, volume = {14}, pages = {2805}, journal = {Energies}, subtitle = {a comprehensive energy review focusing on rural areas}, number = {10}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102805}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The northern part of the globe is dominated by industrialisation and is well-developed. For many years, the southern part of the world (South Asia, Africa etc.) has been a target of research concentrating on access to energy (mainly electricity) in rural regions. However, the Central Asian region has not been a focus of energy research compared to South East Asia and Africa. Despite plentiful domestically available energy resources, the energy supply in Central Asia is very unevenly distributed between urban and rural areas. Almost half of the total population of Central Asia lives in rural areas and there is a lack of access to modern energy services to meet primary needs. To analyse the energy situation (i.e., electricity, heating, hot water consumption, cooking, etc.) in rural Central Asia, this paper reviews residential energy consumption trends in rural Central Asian regions as compared to urban areas. Furthermore, the paper illustrates the potential of renewable energies in Central Asia. To perform the study, a qualitative comparative analysis was conducted based on a literature review, data, and statistical information. In summary, the presented article discusses the rural energy situation analytically and provides in-depth insights of Central Asian energy infrastructure.}, language = {en} } @article{BugajeEhrenwirthTrinkletal.2021, author = {Bugaje, Aminu and Ehrenwirth, Mathias and Trinkl, Christoph and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried}, title = {Electric two-wheeler vehicle integration into rural off-grid photovoltaic system in Kenya}, volume = {14}, pages = {7956}, journal = {Energies}, number = {23}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237956}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In both rural and urban areas, two-wheeler vehicles are the most common means of transportation, contributing to local air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Transitioning to electric two-wheeler vehicles can help reduce GHG emissions while also increasing the socioeconomic status of people in rural Kenya. Renewable energy systems can play a significant role in charging electric two-wheeled vehicles, resulting in lower carbon emissions and increased renewable energy penetration in rural Kenya. As a result, using the Conventional and Renewable Energy Optimization (CARNOT) Toolbox in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, this paper focuses on integrating and modeling electric two-wheeled vehicles (e-bikes) into an off-grid photovoltaic Water-Energy Hub located in the Lake Victoria Region of Western Kenya. Electricity demand data obtained from the Water-Energy Hub was investigated and analyzed. Potential solar energy surplus was identified and the surplus was used to incorporate the electric two-wheeler vehicles. The energy consumption of the electric two-wheeler vehicles was also measured in the field based on the rider's driving behavior. The modeling results revealed an annual power consumption of 27,267 kWh, a photovoltaic (PV) electricity production of 37,785 kWh, and an electricity deficit of 370 kWh. The annual results show that PV generation exceeds power consumption, implying that there should be no electricity deficit. The results, however, do not represent the results in hourly resolution, ignoring the impact of weather fluctuation on PV production. As a result, in order to comprehend the electricity deficit, hourly resolution results are shown. A load optimization method was designed to efficiently integrate the electric 2-wheeler vehicle into the Water-Energy Hub in order to alleviate the electricity deficit. The yearly electricity deficit was decreased to 1 kWh and the annual electricity consumption was raised by 11\% (i.e., 30,767 kWh), which is enough to charge four more electric two-wheeler batteries daily using the load optimization technique.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchmittReumSummetal.2024, author = {Schmitt, David and Reum, Tobias and Summ, Thorsten and Trinkl, Christoph and Schrag, Tobias}, title = {Investigation of the Flexibility Potential by Decoupling Building Mass and Room Temperature}, booktitle = {International Sustainable Energy Conference - Proceedings}, editor = {Fink, Christian and Brunner, Christoph}, publisher = {TIB Open Publishing}, address = {Hannover}, issn = {2976-2030}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.52825/isec.v1i.1165}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Using the thermal building mass as a thermal storage received increasing attention in research during recent years. Due to the large mass of concrete, it offers a large storage capacity and thus a high potential for flexibility. However, passive heat losses during cool down of a thermally activated building influence room temperature and thus limit its flexibility potential. In this contribution a multi-layer activation concept was investigated which thermally decouples the building mass and room air. The study aims to analyse the cool down of a thermally activated building in terms of different charging parameters while considering other heat sources such as solar gains. A dynamic building simulation of a demonstration building was set-up and compared to simulative studies from literature to proof the validity of its dynamic behaviour. In the simulation model the room temperature could be kept above 19 °C between 100 - 190 h. However, when charging the building structure quickly, room temperatures above 24 °C are reached easily. Considering other heat sources such as solar gains, advanced control algorithms are required for efficient operation of the heating system.}, language = {en} } @article{ReumSchmittSummetal.2024, author = {Reum, Tobias and Schmitt, David and Summ, Thorsten and Trinkl, Christoph and Ochs, Fabian and Schrag, Tobias}, title = {Experimental analysis of parallel operation of two heat sources in a dual-source heat pump incorporating two compressors}, volume = {2025}, journal = {International Journal of Refrigeration}, number = {171}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1879-2081}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.12.013}, pages = {124 -- 138}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Dual-source heat pumps have the potential to improve heating efficiency and / or the space required for heat sources. Parallel operation of two heat sources using two compressors can increase these benefits but poses technological challenges - specifically in the increased refrigerant cycle interconnection complexity, refrigerant and compressor oil management. These benefits and challenges have yet to be thoroughly investigated which is the primary objective of this research paper. An experimental analysis was conducted on a dual-source heat pump that utilized both an air heat source and a ground heat source. It included both individual and parallel operation modes of the heat sources. A prototype with a novel two-compressor interconnection was designed, manufactured, and tested in laboratory conditions. Analysis of the energetic benefit included efficiency evaluation at different ambient conditions and the corresponding loads on the ground source heat exchanger. Energetically, the single source operation showed comparable results in the coefficient of performance to conventional heat pumps despite the increased interconnection complexity. Parallel operation could efficiently cover heating loads at reduced load on the individual heat sources (at -7 °C, a reduction to 41 \% on the ground-source and 58 \% on the air-source heat exchanger). Technological challenges were highlighted in refrigerant and compressor oil shifts. While a control-based solution for the refrigerant shift was demonstrated, the oil shift requires further analysis of oil conditions in failing compressors.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BugajeYadavMehtaetal.2021, author = {Bugaje, Aminu and Yadav, Akhilesh and Mehta, Kedar and Ojinji, Felicia and Ehrenwirth, Mathias and Trinkl, Christoph and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried}, title = {Influence of input parameters on artificial neural networks for off-grid solar photovoltaic power forecasting}, booktitle = {NEIS 2021}, editor = {Schulz, Detlef}, publisher = {VDE Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-5651-3}, url = {https://www.vde-verlag.de/proceedings-en/565651017.html}, pages = {135 -- 141}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BugajeEhrenwirthTrinkletal.2020, author = {Bugaje, Aminu and Ehrenwirth, Mathias and Trinkl, Christoph and B{\"a}r, Katharina and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried}, title = {Development of a load management algorithm using nonlinear programming (NLP) for optimum integration of electric-mobility solutions into rural off-grid PV systems}, booktitle = {NEIS 2020}, editor = {Schulz, Detlef}, publisher = {VDE Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-5359-8}, url = {https://www.vde-verlag.de/proceedings-en/565359022.html}, pages = {167 -- 172}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MehtaEhrenwirthTrinkletal.2020, author = {Mehta, Kedar and Ehrenwirth, Mathias and Trinkl, Christoph and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried and Greenough, Richard}, title = {A parametric study on the feasibility of solar-thermal space heating and hot water preparation under cold climates in Central Asian rural areas}, booktitle = {EuroSun 2020 Proceedings}, publisher = {International Solar Energy Society}, address = {Freiburg}, doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun.2020.04.03}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MehtaEhrenwirthTrinkletal.2020, author = {Mehta, Kedar and Ehrenwirth, Mathias and Trinkl, Christoph and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried and Greenough, Richard}, title = {Impact of locally available thermal insulation structures on space heating demand of high-altitude rural buildings}, booktitle = {EuroSun 2020 Proceedings}, subtitle = {a case study of Kyrgyzstan}, publisher = {International Solar Energy Society}, address = {Freiburg}, doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun.2020.04.04}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{YadavSinhaSaidietal.2020, author = {Yadav, Akhilesh and Sinha, Anuj and Saidi, Abdessamad and Trinkl, Christoph and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried}, title = {NILM based energy disaggregation algorithm for dairy farms}, booktitle = {NILM'20: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-8191-8}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3427771.3427846}, pages = {16 -- 19}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{StarkPhilippSaidietal.2019, author = {Stark, Matthias and Philipp, Matthias and Saidi, Abdessamad and Trinkl, Christoph and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried and Greenough, Richard}, title = {Design parameters of steam accumulators for the utilization in industrial solid biomass-fuelled CHP plants}, volume = {2019}, journal = {Chemical Engineering Transactions}, number = {76}, publisher = {AIDIC The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering}, address = {Milano}, issn = {2283-9216}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1976137}, pages = {817 -- 822}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{WernerEhrenwirthMuschiketal.2021, author = {Werner, Melanie and Ehrenwirth, Mathias and Muschik, Sebastian and Trinkl, Christoph and Schrag, Tobias}, title = {Operational experiences with a temperature-variable district heating network for a rural community}, volume = {46}, journal = {Chemical Engineering \& Technology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0930-7516}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.202100114}, pages = {482 -- 490}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The potential of utilizing temperature-variable district heating systems in rural areas was investigated. A local district heating system in Germany and the related project NATAR are briefly described; measurement data is evaluated. Operational experiences with a seasonal temperature reduction and consequent advantages for different heat generation systems and heat storages are discussed. The analysis of measurement data reveals a high optimization potential for solar thermal systems in case of an integration both into a low- and a high-temperature storage. Furthermore, a combined heat-and-power plant in combination with a CO2 heat pump promises sector-coupling potential and high electricity self-consumption.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchragEhrenwirthRammetal.2020, author = {Schrag, Tobias and Ehrenwirth, Mathias and Ramm, Tobias and Vannahme, Anna and Trinkl, Christoph}, title = {Solar energy use in district heating networks}, booktitle = {ICREEC 2019: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion}, editor = {Belasri, Ahmed and Beldjilali, Sid Ahmed}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Singapur}, isbn = {978-981-15-5443-8}, issn = {2352-2534}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5444-5_1}, pages = {3 -- 10}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{MehtaEhrenwirthTrinkletal.2022, author = {Mehta, Kedar and Ehrenwirth, Mathias and Trinkl, Christoph and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried}, title = {Mapping Potential for Improving Rural Energy Services in Kyrgyzstan: Factors for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in the Community Context}, volume = {3}, journal = {World}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2673-4060}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/world3030032}, pages = {586 -- 606}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Energy is a pivotal element for overall development. Therefore, affordable and clean energy for all (Sustainable Development Goal 7) is one of the important elements. Despite a suitable approach, Kyrgyzstan lags behind to achieve its Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Improving access to energy can significantly impact the progress of many other sustainable development targets. However, access to reliable, sustainable, and adequate energy is a crucial task in rural Kyrgyzstan. Taking into consideration the energy situation and the importance of the availability of energy services, the overarching aim of the presented article is to map the potential of improving rural energy services to foster overall sustainable development goals. The article presents the most relevant information about rural energy usage behaviour based on three primary pillars: energy demand, energy carrier, and energy sources. In addition, the presented research article synthesises the key driving factors which have a direct or indirect impact on the energy services in rural areas. The summarised data displays a deep insight into a variety of complex and dynamic household energy consumption patterns. The article provides a potential solution nexus to foster improved energy services in rural Kyrgyzstan and therefore to foster the overall sustainable development in Kyrgyzstan. The findings of the article help to formulate a strategy to design rural energy services for policy makers and stockholders.}, language = {en} }