@inproceedings{LoeckenBrunnerKatesetal.2020, author = {L{\"o}cken, Andreas and Brunner, Pascal and Kates, Ronald and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Impact of Hand Signals on Safety: Two Controlled Studies With Novice E-Scooter Riders}, booktitle = {Proceedings: 12th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4503-8065-2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3409120.3410641}, pages = {132 -- 140}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Brunner2025, author = {Brunner, Pascal}, title = {Micro-Mobility Rider Models for Stochastic Traffic Safety Simulations}, publisher = {Technische Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, pages = {vi, 156}, school = {Technische Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @article{DenkFroehlingBrunneretal.2024, author = {Denk, Florian and Fr{\"o}hling, Felix and Brunner, Pascal and Huber, Werner and Margreiter, Martin and Bogenberger, Klaus and Kates, Ronald}, title = {Influence of gaze strategies and cognitive load on safeguarding performance of motorists in right-turning scenarios involving potential conflicts with vulnerable road users}, volume = {2025}, journal = {Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour}, number = {109}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-5517}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.11.012}, pages = {32 -- 49}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In urban traffic, while the fraction of collisions involving Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) is low, their importance is high due to the higher injury risk for VRU. Their infrequent occurrence on average (compared with far more common individual perceptual and behavioral errors by both drivers and VRUs) reflects an underlying fault tolerance in traffic processes. However, the degree of fault tolerance varies among traffic situations. The underlying perceptual and cognitive processes involved are complex and can require a high level of attention and concentration, particularly in situations with intersecting trajectories. These processes can occasionally fail, leading to collision risk. The situation of right-turning motorists (in right-hand-drive countries) encountering cyclists moving straight on a bike lane (with right of way) has a particularly low error tolerance, since motorists must actively scan for cyclists approaching from behind. In order to develop, test and assess solutions that mitigate collision risk in this situation, the behavior-related causation mechanisms need investigation. This is the focus of this article. We conducted a trial on our closed test track with n = 35 subjects. The experiment was designed as a within-subject design with three independent factors: maneuver, target velocity, and cognitive load in an n-back task. The trial included observations of participants' gaze control. A primary research focus was the quality and efficiency of the safeguarding gaze behavior of participants in order to draw conclusions on the causation mechanisms of collisions in this situation. For this purpose we define metrics in order to quantify the quality and efficiency of a specific gaze behavior. Furthermore, we studied the effect of factors cognitive load and target velocity on safety and secondary (n-back) task performance. Remarkably, only four out of 35 participants reached a collision risk of 0\% relating to the defined quality metric. Furthermore, we identified four distinct gaze strategy groups through hierarchical clustering, where one group performed particularly few glances overall. This group showed significant differences with respect to the defined quality metric whereas the other groups showed only slight differences to each other. The results have implications on subsequent crash causation model development.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BrunnerDenkHuberetal.2019, author = {Brunner, Pascal and Denk, Florian and Huber, Werner and Kates, Ronald}, title = {Virtual safety performance assessment for automated driving in complex urban traffic scenarios}, booktitle = {2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-5386-7024-8}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2019.8917517}, pages = {679 -- 685}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LindnerKelerGrigoropoulosetal.2022, author = {Lindner, Johannes and Keler, Andreas and Grigoropoulos, Georgios and Malcolm, Patrick and Denk, Florian and Brunner, Pascal and Bogenberger, Klaus}, title = {A coupled driving simulator to investigate the interaction between bicycles and automated vehicles}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE 25th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-6654-6880-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC55140.2022.9922400}, pages = {1335 -- 1341}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DenkFroehlingBrunneretal.2023, author = {Denk, Florian and Fr{\"o}hling, Felix and Brunner, Pascal and Huber, Werner and Margreiter, Martin and Bogenberger, Klaus and Kates, Ronald}, title = {Design of an Experiment to Pinpoint Cognitive Failure Processes in the Interaction of Motorists and Vulnerable Road Users}, booktitle = {IEEE IV 2023: Symposium Proceedings}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3503-4691-6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IV55152.2023.10186550}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LindnerGrigoropoulosKeleretal.2022, author = {Lindner, Johannes and Grigoropoulos, Georgios and Keler, Andreas and Malcolm, Patrick and Denk, Florian and Brunner, Pascal and Bogenberger, Klaus}, title = {A mobile application for resolving bicyclist and automated vehicle interactions at intersections}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IV51971.2022.9827439}, pages = {785 -- 791}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KelerDenkBrunneretal.2021, author = {Keler, Andreas and Denk, Florian and Brunner, Pascal and Grigoropoulos, Georgios and Malcom, Patrick and Bogenberger, Klaus}, title = {Varying Bicycle Infrastructures}, subtitle = {an Interconnected Simulator Study for Inspecting Motorist-Cyclist Conflicts}, publisher = {Zenodo}, address = {Genf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5513664}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In this research, we estimate the influence of different bicycle infrastructure on the severity of motorist-cyclist conflicts via an interconnected simulator study. Our focus is a specific conflict type: motorist is turning at an intersection and the cyclist is going straight, crossing the intersection based on previous evaluations from literature. Additionally, we reason on previously-conducted bicycle simulator studies and adapt specific methodological components of investigation area depiction in VR and scenario definition. In the end, we present four scenarios of a case study based on a signalized intersection in Ingolstadt, Germany, where we inspect motorist-cyclist conflicts in an interconnected simulator environment. After every simulator run both test subjects will be teleported to specific starting positions.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DenkBrunnerHuberetal.2022, author = {Denk, Florian and Brunner, Pascal and Huber, Werner and Margreiter, Martin and Bogenberger, Klaus and Kates, Ronald}, title = {Assessment of traffic safety interventions using virtual randomized controlled trials: potential of connected and automated driving including V2X for collision reduction at urban intersections}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE 25th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-6654-6880-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC55140.2022.9921764}, pages = {1183 -- 1190}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BrunnerLoeckenDenketal.2021, author = {Brunner, Pascal and L{\"o}cken, Andreas and Denk, Florian and Kates, Ronald and Huber, Werner}, title = {Analysis of experimental data on dynamics and behavior of e-scooter riders and applications to the impact of automated driving functions on urban road safety}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-7281-6673-5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IV47402.2020.9304835}, pages = {219 -- 225}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DenkHuberBrunneretal.2020, author = {Denk, Florian and Huber, Werner and Brunner, Pascal and Kates, Ronald}, title = {The role of perceptual failure and degrading processes in urban traffic accidents: a stochastic computational model for virtual experiments}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-7281-4149-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC45102.2020.9294498}, year = {2020}, language = {en} }