@techreport{BalintSchindlerLoeffleretal.2021, author = {B{\´a}lint, Andr{\´a}s and Schindler, Ron and L{\"o}ffler, Christian and Wimmer, Peter and Kirschbichler, Stefan and Kolk, Harald and Klein, Christoph and Schories, Lars and Hay, Julian and Becker, Julian and Birkner, Christian and Lopes da Silva, Joed and Zimmer, Alessandro and Mensa, Gen{\´i}s and Parera, N{\´u}ria and Rokova, Simona and Castells, Jacint and Lorente Mallada, Jorge and Nikolaou, Stella and Vogl, Carina and Stoll, Johann}, title = {D5.2 Safety impact assessment - intermediate report}, url = {https://www.safe-up.eu/resources}, pages = {56}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @techreport{MensaWimmerSchoriesetal.2021, author = {Mensa, Gen{\´i}s and Wimmer, Peter and Schories, Lars and B{\´a}lint, Andr{\´a}s and Djukic, Tamara and {\"O}stling, Martin and L{\"o}ffler, Christian and Nikolaou, Stella and Rial, Sergio and Merdivan, David and Birkner, Christian and Weihmayr, Daniel and Kirschbichler, Stefan}, title = {D5.1 Requirements for impact assessment}, pages = {44}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{ShirurBirknerHenzeetal.2021, author = {Shirur, Naveen and Birkner, Christian and Henze, Roman and Deserno, Thomas Martin}, title = {Tactile Occupant Detection Sensor for Automotive Airbag}, volume = {14}, pages = {5288}, journal = {Energies}, number = {17}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175288}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Automotive airbags protect occupants from crash forces during severe vehicle collisions. They absorb energy and restrain the occupants by providing a soft cushion effect known as the restraint effect. Modern airbags offer partial restraint effect control by controlling the bag's vent holes and providing multi-stage deployment. Full restraint effect control is still a challenge because the closed-loop restraint control system needs airbag-occupant contact and interaction feedback. In this work, we have developed novel single and matrix capacitive tactile sensors to measure the occupant's contact data. They can be integrated with the airbag surface and folded to follow the dynamic airbag shape during the deployment. The sensors are tested under a low-velocity pendulum impact and benchmarked with high-speed test videos. The results reveal that the single sensor can successfully measure occupant-airbag contact time and estimate the area, while the contact position is additionally identified from the matrix sensor.}, language = {en} } @article{DaSilvaJuniorBirknerJazaretal.2024, author = {Da Silva Junior, Amauri and Birkner, Christian and Jazar, Reza and Marzbani, Hormoz}, title = {Crash-Prone Fault Combination Identification for Over-Actuated Vehicles During Evasive Maneuvers}, volume = {12}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3374524}, pages = {37256 -- 37275}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Throughout a vehicle's lifecycle, systems may fail during operation, requiring effective fault management by the vehicle controller. Various system faults affect vehicle handling differently. Additionally, vehicle velocity and road friction directly impact handling and stability. Thus, it is essential to investigate relevant factors, such as actuator faults, vehicle velocity, road friction, and their combinations, before developing a fault-tolerant controller to mitigate potential critical situations. Our work thus focuses on identifying faults and fault combinations that might lead to crashes for over-actuated vehicles during evasive maneuvers and those impacting comfort parameters. We employ a state-of-the-art vehicle controller optimized for evasive lane changes for over-actuated vehicles. The driving scenario encompasses critical conditions defined in ISO 26262 with ASIL-D, including velocities up to 130 km/h and requiring steering away from obstacles. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, Design of Experiments, and statistical tools are used to determine fault combinations most likely to lead to crashes during evasive maneuvers. Our results indicate that the vehicle controller successfully handled the maneuver in over 53\% of investigated cases, reaching up to 75.1\% on dry surfaces. Road friction emerges as the most critical parameter for collision avoidance and comfort. Brake faults exhibit a higher influence on vehicle handling than other actuator faults, while single motor faults do not significantly impact vehicle parameters. Regarding two-factor interactions, brake actuators dominate, followed by steering and motor. These findings provide valuable insights for developing fault-tolerant controllers for over-actuated vehicles, guiding decisions on addressing specific faults to enhance safety and comfort parameters.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{daSilvaJuniorBirknerJazaretal.2024, author = {da Silva Junior, Amauri and Birkner, Christian and Jazar, Reza and Marzbani, Hormoz}, title = {From Design to Application: Emergency Maneuver Control in a 1:3.33 Scaled Vehicle}, booktitle = {2024 18th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3315-1849-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICARCV63323.2024.10821589}, pages = {170 -- 177}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @article{daSilvaJuniorBirknerJazaretal.2023, author = {da Silva Junior, Amauri and Birkner, Christian and Jazar, Reza and Marzbani, Hormoz}, title = {Coupled Lateral and Longitudinal Controller for Over-Actuated Vehicle in Evasive Maneuvering with Sliding Mode Control Strategy}, volume = {11}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3264277}, pages = {33792 -- 33811}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Coupled controllers are vital for safely handling vehicles, especially in critical driving situations that include changing lanes to avoid obstacles. Controllers specialized in emergencies must keep road users safe in critical situations. In this paper, we develop the coupled controller to handle evasive maneuvers for an over-actuated vehicle. The controller is based on the second-order sliding mode control theory. We use the bicycle model to establish the equivalent and robust steering equations as a control-oriented model. The lateral and longitudinal vehicle motions are coupled to each other by the lateral vehicle information on the longitudinal sliding surface, and the dependence of the lateral sliding surface on the longitudinal velocity. The torque vectoring method based on fuzzy logic adjusts the yaw moment. We address the tire slip circle on the slip controller to stabilize the vehicle while maneuvering. We simulate and evaluate our controller in a rear-end collision situation with a short time window to maneuver the vehicle. The ego vehicle detects the preceding vehicle and performs an evasive lane change while simultaneously applying brakes to bring the vehicle to a halt. Our research is the earliest in providing an ultimate emergency control to successfully avoid crashes up to 130 km/h in short time crash detection.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{daSilvaJuniorBirknerJazaretal.2022, author = {da Silva Junior, Amauri and Birkner, Christian and Jazar, Reza and Marzbani, Hormoz}, title = {Vehicle lateral dynamics with sliding mode control strategy for evasive maneuvering}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2021 9th International Conference on Systems and Control}, editor = {Mehdi, Driss and Farza, Mondher and M'Saad, Mohammed and Aitouche, Abdelouahab}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-6654-0782-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSC50472.2021.9666598}, pages = {165 -- 172}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ShirurBirknerHenzeetal.2021, author = {Shirur, Naveen and Birkner, Christian and Henze, Roman and Deserno, Thomas Martin and Dudhat, Darshankumar}, title = {Effect of airbag deployment phases on tactile occupant detection sensor}, booktitle = {2020 XII International Science-Technical Conference AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-7281-5812-9}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/AUTOMOTIVESAFETY47494.2020.9435283}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{daSilvaJuniorBirknerShirur2020, author = {da Silva Junior, Amauri and Birkner, Christian and Shirur, Naveen}, title = {Development of Lateral Control for Different Electric Vehicle Drive and Steering Systems}, booktitle = {FISITA Web Congress 2020}, publisher = {FISITA}, address = {Bishops Stortford}, url = {https://www.fisita.com/library/f2020-vdc-075}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ShirurBirknerFosteretal.2022, author = {Shirur, Naveen and Birkner, Christian and Foster, Andreas and Bleeck, Matthias}, title = {Active control of airbag filling: sensor, valve, test bench, best-practice of industry-university-cooperation}, booktitle = {Fahrzeugsicherheit 2022: Auf dem Weg zur Fahrzeugsicherheit 2030}, publisher = {VDI-Verlag GmbH}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, isbn = {978-3-18-092387-1}, issn = {0083-5560}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.51202/9783181023877-35}, pages = {35 -- 46}, year = {2022}, language = {en} }