@book{ElstermannFleischmannMoseretal.2026, author = {Elstermann, Matthes and Fleischmann, Albert and Moser, Christoph and Oppl, Stefan and Schmidt, Werner and Stary, Christian}, title = {Contextual Process Digitalization}, subtitle = {Changing Perspectives - Design Thinking - Value-Led Design}, edition = {Second Edition}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-032-06901-6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06901-6}, pages = {XII, 343}, year = {2026}, abstract = {This open access book presents an overview and step-by-step explanation of process management. It starts with the individual participants' perspectives on their work in a process and its structuring and harmonization, and then moves on to its specification in a model and how it is embedded in the organizational and IT environment of the company. Lastly, the book examines the joint processing of instances in the resulting socio-technical systems. A corresponding illustration, which expands with the overview, enables readers to gain a comprehensive understanding of business process management. The book presents various facets of business process management from the perspective of the participants, and introduces a selection of models that have proved useful in practice. The design of such models supports the transition from a more-or-less unstructured or unsatisfactory way of working to a structured process that corresponds to the ideas of the company and its customers. For this second edition, several new sections dealing with the integration of IoT processes, artificial intelligence, and social behavior patterns in process mining, a whole chapter on implementation and operation, and three new case studies were added. The book is intended for professionals in industry as well as students in the field of business information systems who are looking for guidelines on how to discover, create and implement real-world processes.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HanzlEndisch2026, author = {Hanzl, Christian and Endisch, Christian}, title = {Closed-Form Modeling of MOSFET Switching Losses Including Variable Gate-Drain Capacitance and Zero-Voltage Switching}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2025 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3315-5984-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ITECAsia-Pacific63742.2025.11345027}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @article{SchoenhoferKomonenSchwarzetal.2026, author = {Sch{\"o}nhofer, Gerhard and Komonen, Pauli and Schwarz, Jan Oliver and Bechthold, Laura}, title = {Futures of Everyday Life: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Future Personas in Scenarios}, volume = {8}, pages = {e70030}, journal = {Futures \& Foresight Science}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {2573-5152}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ffo2.70030}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Scenario reports, holding a long-standing tradition in foresight and futures studies, act as an essential document for organizations to prepare for possible, plausible, and alternative futures. Focusing on descriptions and representations of everyday life, we examined 29 future persona narratives from six publications—covering a wide field from public to private sector—through qualitative content analysis. Our guiding question is: How can anthropological perspectives such as cultural relativism or postcolonial discourses contribute to an in-depth, qualitative interpretation depictions of future everyday life? Acknowledging anthropology's colonial origins and its growing commitment to the interests of indigenous and other marginalized groups, we offer alternative readings of prominent scenario reports. Our findings suggest that scenario reports, in addition to anticipating possible futures, construct certain futures based on a systematic analysis of empirical data but also speculative interpretation. The results of these interpretative acts often appear elitist, stereotypical, and technocratic, often replicating dominant societal narratives rather than fostering substantive shifts in how the future is imagined. We therefore call for a more polyphonic representation of futures in scenario writing and foresight work that can produce more discontinuous and transformative images of the future. We understand polyphonic representations as coined by various independent, predominant as well as subaltern perspectives on the same issue at stake while being offered the same amount of space. Therefore, as we will indicate in our analysis, most of the reports referred to are rather monophonic and do not offer discuptive perspectives on the future of everyday life. As an avenue of methodological development, we propose a more nuanced and comprehensive perception of culture and social structures in scenario narrative writing. In addition, ethnographic methods could increase our understanding of how futures are collaboratively constructed and produced by different actors and their respective backgrounds and knowledge in scenario processes.}, language = {en} } @article{MaksimovskiFestagFacchi2026, author = {Maksimovski, Daniel and Festag, Andreas and Facchi, Christian}, title = {Adaptive Message Generation Rules for V2X Maneuver Coordination Service}, volume = {14}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3652364}, pages = {6417 -- 6437}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Maneuver coordination enables connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) to collaboratively plan, negotiate, and execute driving maneuvers, aiming to enhance safety, traffic flow, and energy efficiency. As part of the Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication system, it operates as a dedicated service that relies on detailed, bidirectional interactions between vehicles, unlike traditional broadcast-based V2X services. While maneuver coordination is the focus of ongoing research and standardization, the rules that govern when and how vehicles generate Maneuver Coordination Messages (MCMs) within the Maneuver Coordination Service (MCS) are still not fully defined. These rules are essential for ensuring timely and reliable coordination. This paper proposes three adaptive MCM generation strategies based on the operation mode of the MCS, maneuver priority, and current channel load. The first approach defines MCM rules for intent sharing, maneuver negotiation, and execution phases, factoring in maneuver importance. The second adjusts the frequency of intent MCMs when a negotiation message is received from another vehicle. The third adapts frequency based on real-time channel load during intent sharing. For comparison, two baseline strategies are also evaluated. The proposed rules are tested for highway merging and lane change use cases in traffic scenarios with increasing vehicle density and high channel loads. A comprehensive evaluation is conducted using metrics related to the network, message generation frequency, congestion control, and maneuver coordination. The results demonstrate significantly enhanced channel efficiency and communication reliability across all metrics. For example, under the final approach, maneuver negotiation time is reduced by a factor of five in congested V2X environments.}, language = {en} } @article{EngertZaumseilZdetskietal.2026, author = {Engert, Rainer and Zaumseil, Patrick and Zdetski, Dennis and Brandmeier, Thomas}, title = {Fahrzeugsicherheit autonomer Fahrzeuge: Grenzen heutiger Systeme und potenzielle L{\"o}sungen}, volume = {74}, journal = {at - Automatisierungstechnik}, number = {1}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2196-677X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/auto-2025-0064}, pages = {12 -- 34}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Mehta2026, author = {Mehta, Kedar}, title = {AI and ML Based Energy Management in Smart Grids with Renewable Integration}, booktitle = {Digital Technologies and Applications: Proceedings of ICDTA'25, Ifrane, Morocco. Volume 1}, editor = {Motahhir, Saad and Bossoufi, Badre and Guerrero, Josep M.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-032-07718-9}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-07718-9_38}, pages = {453 -- 463}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MaksimovskiLoboFacchi2026, author = {Maksimovski, Daniel and Lobo, Silas and Facchi, Christian}, title = {Efficient Channel Load Reduction for V2X Maneuver Coordination Service}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE 102nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2025-Fall): Proceedings}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3315-0320-8}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2025-Fall65116.2025.11310480}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @unpublished{MuellerSchmittBottetal.2026, author = {M{\"u}ller, Simon Nikolaus and Schmitt, David and Bott, Christoph and Akbar, Shariq and Bayer, Peter and Schrag, Tobias}, title = {Operating thermal source networks - How supply temperature and ground exchange shape performance}, titleParent = {SSRN}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6034530}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @inbook{BechtholdWiesmueller2026, author = {Bechthold, Laura and Wiesm{\"u}ller, Sabine}, title = {Corporate Digital Responsibility im Zeitalter der k{\"u}nstlichen Intelligenz - Eine praktische Einf{\"u}hrung}, booktitle = {Regenerative Zuk{\"u}nfte und k{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz: Band 3: PROFIT}, editor = {Gondlach, Kai and Brinkmann, Birgit and Brinkmann, Mark and Plath, Julia}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-46577-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-46577-3_6}, pages = {57 -- 72}, year = {2026}, language = {de} } @article{AmmelingGanzRosbachetal.2026, author = {Ammeling, Jonas and Ganz, Jonathan and Rosbach, Emely and Lausser, Ludwig and Bertram, Christof and Breininger, Katharina and Aubreville, Marc}, title = {Benchmarking Foundation Models for Mitotic Figure Classification}, volume = {3}, pages = {2026:003}, journal = {Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging}, number = {MELBA-BVM 2025 Special Issue}, publisher = {Melba editors}, address = {[s. l.]}, issn = {2766-905X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.59275/j.melba.2026-a3eb}, pages = {38 -- 55}, year = {2026}, abstract = {The performance of deep learning models is known to scale with data quantity and diversity. In pathology, as in many other medical imaging domains, the availability of labeled images for a specific task is often limited. Self-supervised learning techniques have enabled the use of vast amounts of unlabeled data to train large-scale neural networks, i.e., foundation models, that can address the limited data problem by providing semantically rich feature vectors that can generalize well to new tasks with minimal training effort increasing model performance and robustness. In this work, we investigate the use of foundation models for mitotic figure classification. The mitotic count, which can be derived from this classification task, is an independent prognostic marker for specific tumors and part of certain tumor grading systems. In particular, we investigate the data scaling laws on multiple current foundation models and evaluate their robustness to unseen tumor domains. Next to the commonly used linear probing paradigm, we also adapt the models using low-rank adaptation (LoRA) of their attention mechanisms. We compare all models against end-to-end-trained baselines, both CNNs and Vision Transformers. Our results demonstrate that LoRA-adapted foundation models provide superior performance to those adapted with standard linear probing, reaching performance levels close to 100 \% data availability with only 10 \% of training data. Furthermore, LoRA-adaptation of the most recent foundation models almost closes the out-of-domain performance gap when evaluated on unseen tumor domains. However, full fine-tuning of traditional architectures still yields competitive performance.}, language = {en} } @article{MohanSchoen2026, author = {Mohan, Adithya and Sch{\"o}n, Torsten}, title = {Toward Robust Agents: A Survey of Adversarial Attacks and Defenses in Deep Reinforcement Learning}, volume = {14}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3657855}, pages = {14481 -- 14497}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has demonstrated remarkable success in autonomous decision-making across diverse domains, including robotics, autonomous driving, and game playing. However, recent studies have uncovered a critical vulnerability: DRL agents are highly susceptible to adversarial attacks that can significantly degrade their performance or lead to catastrophic failure. These attacks exploit different components of the learning pipeline observations, actions, rewards, and policies exposing new challenges unique to DRL compared to supervised learning. This survey provides a comprehensive examination of adversarial threats and corresponding defense mechanisms within the DRL paradigm. This also aims to serve as a foundational reference for researchers and practitioners seeking to understand and mitigate adversarial vulnerabilities in DRL.}, language = {en} } @article{KreilingerZottHemmertetal.2026, author = {Kreilinger, Laurens and Zott, Stefan and Hemmert, Werner and Karg, Sonja}, title = {Dry electrode impedance: a new approach towards improved characterization}, volume = {12}, pages = {025005}, journal = {Biomedical Physics \& Engineering Express}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {2057-1976}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ae3e9c}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Electrode-skin impedance plays a crucial role in electrophysiological signal acquisition, influencing signal quality and measurement reliability. We designed a reproducibility measurement setup, using a membrane with a saline solution and a three-electrode Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy measurement setup (range 1 Hz-20 kHz), to mimic the electrode-skin impedance. The system allowed controlled application of pressure to the working electrode (WE) and measurement of all setup parameters. With this setup, reproducible results were achieved, with a standard deviation of 5.5\% of the mean impedance across three builds. Potentiostatic and impedance analyzer measurements with six types of dry electrodes produced comparable results, with an average error of 10\%. The six dry electrode types exhibited impedance variations of up to a factor of 10,000 at low frequencies, depending on material and geometry. Ag/AgCl-coated electrodes exhibited an impedance reduction by a factor of 100 at 1 Hz compared to their uncoated counterparts. The proposed setup provides a standardized and reproducible approach for characterizing electrode impedance across different materials, coatings, and geometries.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{UlreichFunkDrechslerPolednaetal.2026, author = {Ulreich, Fabian and Funk Drechsler, Maikol and Poledna, Yuri and Chan, Pak Hung and Herraren, Tuomas and Ebert, Martin and Kaup, Andr{\´e} and Huber, Werner}, title = {Validating Camera Sensor Models for Virtual Testing of Vision Systems in Automated Driving}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-6654-7778-9}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES65691.2025.11376043}, pages = {57 -- 64}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FunkDrechslerSellPolednaetal.2026, author = {Funk Drechsler, Maikol and Sell, Christoph Dominic and Poledna, Yuri and Huber, Werner}, title = {Accelerating the Approval of Automated Driving Vehicles through standardized XiL test environments}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-6654-7778-9}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES65691.2025.11376566}, pages = {183 -- 188}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @article{DaSilvaJuniorMuellerBirkneretal.2026, author = {Da Silva Junior, Amauri and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Birkner, Christian and Jazar, Reza and Marzbani, Hormoz}, title = {Fault Tolerant Control With Reinforcement Learning for Evasive Maneuvers Using a Scaled Vehicle}, volume = {14}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3661179}, pages = {21353 -- 21383}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Autonomous vehicle controllers are responsible for handling the vehicle at all times in any situation, including emergency conditions. An emergency might arise from, e.g., adverse weather conditions, short-time detection, and system faults. In this paper, we develop a fault-tolerant controller to handle actuator faults for an over-actuated autonomous vehicle based on reinforcement learning. A worst-case scenario is selected for the controller development, involving short-time detection of the preceding objects, high velocity, and dry to wet road conditions. The design of the vehicle controller is performed in three steps. First, a robust controller based on sliding mode control with lateral and longitudinal coupled strategy was built to ensure stability in emergency scenarios. Secondly, a strategy was proposed to identify the most critical vehicle faults that might lead to a crash. Building on these foundations, this study extends the vehicle controller to handle vehicle faults with a reinforcement learning strategy, enabling adaptive and robust fault handling in complex fault scenarios. The vehicle controller is designed and optimized in IPG-Carmaker®, and proof of concept is carried out in a scaled 1:3.33 test vehicle. The results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed controller in an emergency single-lane change with a velocity of up to 130 km/h. Tests in the scaled vehicle demonstrate the vehicle controller's accuracy against simulation, with the application of reinforcement learning strategy in real-case scenarios.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{DoenmezTejerodelaPiedraKloseetal.2026, author = {D{\"o}nmez, {\"O}mer and Tejero de la Piedra, Ricardo and Klose, Simona and Riolet, Matthieu and Rozek, Lukas and Vaculin, Ondrej and Hach, Christian}, title = {Approach for Passive Safety Assessment of Rearward-Sitting Occupants}, publisher = {Zenodo}, address = {Genf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18338626}, year = {2026}, abstract = {The introduction of highly automated vehicles (HAVs) will allow vehicle occupants to take advantage of new seating configurations, such as sitting rearward in the first row. One critical aspect of assessing occupant safety during high-speed impacts is the lack of a dedicated safety framework for rearward-facing passengers in the first row. This paper introduces a method to develop new assessment criteria for these novel seat configurations. Thus, this research presents some preliminary results of rearward-facing occupant injury biomechanics analyses carried out employing a variety of anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) and the VIVA+ 50M human body model (HBM), restrained with different belt configurations and considering different seat typologies. It reviews the suitability of 50th percentile male ATDs to capture a biofidelic engagement with the seat structure and belt system and evaluates the reaction loads on the occupant, along with the energy management resulting from seat back rotational stiffness and energy-absorbing foams layered behind the seat cushion. Based on the results, the THOR-AV-50M is a suitable candidate for further biofidelity analysis. Torso occupant loads can be effectively reduced utilizing seat back rotation but pelvis load management requires further studies.}, language = {en} } @article{MayrKnollmeyerJeknicetal.2026, author = {Mayr, Thomas and Knollmeyer, Simon and Jeknic, Isidora and Fink, Leon and Hensel, Ralph and Huber, Marco F. and Großmann, Daniel}, title = {Enhancing Process Planning in the Automotive Industry: Extracting Procedural Knowledge from Assembly Operation Descriptions using Large Language Models}, volume = {2026}, journal = {Procedia CIRP}, number = {138}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2212-8271}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2026.01.137}, pages = {797 -- 802}, year = {2026}, abstract = {The non-standardized, human-written assembly descriptions have been a long-standing obstacle in the automotive assembly industry, making it difficult to use these data in the planning stage. The paper presents a standardization method based on Large Language Models (LLMs), focusing on consistency and clarity. This approach does not only streamline the planning processes but also facilitates the benchmarking of productivity and process quality across different individual parts and assembly lines, thus enabling comprehensive efficiency analysis and ultimately leading to more informed decision-making. Our method was evaluated at a German OEM in the automotive sector, demonstrating its practical applicability and effectiveness.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DoenmezTejerodelaPiedraKloseetal.2026, author = {D{\"o}nmez, {\"O}mer and Tejero de la Piedra, Ricardo and Klose, Simona and Riolet, Matthieu and Rozek, Lukas and Vaculin, Ondrej and Hach, Christian}, title = {Approach for Passive Safety Assessment of Rearward-Sitting Occupants}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-6654-7778-9}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES65691.2025.11376179}, pages = {445 -- 452}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BarthHerkelGutwaldetal.2026, author = {Barth, Martin and Herkel, Philipp and Gutwald, Benjamin and Kr{\"u}ger, Jan Hinrich and Schrage, Tobias and Reichenstein, Tobias and Franke, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Utilization of Virtual Commissioning for Simulation-Based Energy Modeling and Dimensioning of DC-Based Production Systems}, booktitle = {2025 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3315-8726-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC68292.2025.11339100}, pages = {700 -- 710}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @article{RaisuddinHolmbladHaghighietal.2026, author = {Raisuddin, Abu Mohammed and Holmblad, Jesper and Haghighi, Hamed and Poledna, Yuri and Funk Drechsler, Maikol and Donzella, Valentina and Aksoy, Eren Erdal}, title = {REHEARSE-3D: A Multi-Modal Emulated Rain Dataset for 3D Point Cloud De-Raining}, volume = {26}, pages = {728}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {2}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s26020728}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Sensor degradation poses a significant challenge in autonomous driving. During heavy rainfall, interference from raindrops can adversely affect the quality of LiDAR point clouds, resulting in, for instance, inaccurate point measurements. This, in turn, can potentially lead to safety concerns if autonomous driving systems are not weather-aware, i.e., if they are unable to discern such changes. In this study, we release a new, large-scale, multi-modal emulated rain dataset, REHEARSE-3D, to promote research advancements in 3D point cloud de-raining. Distinct from the most relevant competitors, our dataset is unique in several respects. First, it is the largest point-wise annotated dataset (9.2 billion annotated points), and second, it is the only one with high-resolution LiDAR data (LiDAR-256) enriched with 4D RADAR point clouds logged in both daytime and nighttime conditions in a controlled weather environment. Furthermore, REHEARSE-3D involves rain-characteristic information, which is of significant value not only for sensor noise modeling but also for analyzing the impact of weather at the point level. Leveraging REHEARSE-3D, we benchmark raindrop detection and removal in fused LiDAR and 4D RADAR point clouds. Our comprehensive study further evaluates the performance of various statistical and deep learning models, where SalsaNext and 3D-OutDet achieve above 94\% IoU for raindrop detection.}, language = {en} } @article{BechtholdRosendahlHuberEddleston2026, author = {Bechthold, Laura and Rosendahl Huber, Laura and Eddleston, Kimberly A.}, title = {Debiasing entrepreneurial careers: A field experiment on female role model effects on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and early-stage career choices}, volume = {41}, pages = {106582}, journal = {Journal of Business Venturing}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {1873-2003}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2026.106582}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Women remain underrepresented not only as founders but also as employees - or "joiners" - in young and small firms, limiting their exposure to entrepreneurial environments that often serve as critical pathways to venture creation. To address this gap, we investigate whether introducing female entrepreneur role models in educational settings can shape young women's entrepreneurial self-efficacy and early career choices. Drawing on role congruity theory and social cognitive career theory (SCCT), we conducted a field experiment involving over 430 university students and 98 early-stage entrepreneurs. Using a pre-test/post-test design and longitudinal tracking of early career choices, we explore the causal effects of exogenously assigned female role models on students' decisions to join a young or small firm. We find that exposure to social interactions with female entrepreneurs significantly boosts female students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy. More importantly, women who were paired with a female entrepreneur were over 10\% more likely to join a young firm after graduation compared to those assigned to a male entrepreneur. Mediation analysis confirms that entrepreneurial self-efficacy is a key mechanism linking exposure to same-sex role models with women's decision to join a young firm. These findings highlight the potential of targeted role model interventions to reduce gender disparities in entrepreneurial entry pathways and expand the diversity of entrepreneurial ecosystems.}, language = {en} } @article{Gregor2026, author = {Gregor, Markus}, title = {Neuer Standard f{\"u}r den SoH}, volume = {2026}, journal = {Auto Service Praxis}, number = {1-2}, publisher = {TECVIA Media}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1437-1162}, url = {https://www.autoservicepraxis.de/nachrichten/kfz-werkstatt/neuer-standard-fuer-den-soh-3756740}, pages = {38 -- 39}, year = {2026}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{AgrawalChaudharyGandamallaetal.2026, author = {Agrawal, Atharva Mangeshkumar and Chaudhary, Arvind Kumar and Gandamalla, Viswa and Sheru, Aravind Reddy and Chakraborty, Ashmita and Dhirwani, Bhavesh Arjan and Agarwal, Priyank}, title = {Author-Oriented Semantic Plagiarism Detection Using Transformer Architectures}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Computing Technologies (ICACT)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3315-9002-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACT67549.2025.11351398}, pages = {401 -- 406}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KuradaAgrawalGandamallaetal.2026, author = {Kurada, Sai Bhuvana and Agrawal, Atharva Mangeshkumar and Gandamalla, Viswa and Goel, Krishna and Dhirwani, Bhavesh Arjan and Bansal, Prakhyati and Injarapu, Gopi Chandu}, title = {Sarcasm-Aware Neural Translation for Informal Social Media Texts in Low-Resource Languages}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Computing Technologies (ICACT)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3315-9002-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACT67549.2025.11351510}, pages = {407 -- 411}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @article{SchimpfLausterSchwarzetal.2026, author = {Schimpf, Sven and Lauster, Michael and Schwarz, Jan Oliver and John, Marcus}, title = {Science fiction and innovation: A literature analysis on science fiction-related methods mapped into the innovation process}, volume = {2026}, pages = {103770}, journal = {Futures}, number = {177}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-6378}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2026.103770}, year = {2026}, abstract = {In the development of innovations over the past decades, data-driven methods have become commonplace. Alongside advantages in effectiveness and efficiency comes the danger of relying on data describing past rather than future developments which can result in a loss of imagination and creativity. In parallel, a growing awareness of the interface between innovation and science fiction can be observed in academia and among practitioners. This awareness is most often based on the hypothesis that taking inspiration from science fiction can create value in the development of innovations. Despite numerous case studies in the literature describing this interface, a major part of methods applied seem to have been chosen in an unstructured, almost random way. This study investigates the literature in search of science fiction-related methods able to support the development of innovations. With around 60.000 publications considered based on a high-level search, a refined search combined with a manual search led to 17 science fiction-related methods to support the development of innovations. Using a six-phase generic innovation process, the methods identified were mapped into the process based on semantic similarities between the objectives of each method and the objectives of innovation process phases. This mapping is understood as an overview and conceptualization offering a baseline for future academic research and guidance for practitioners on choosing the most appropriate science fiction-related methods for developing innovations.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{NikoloskiBotzenBanerjeeetal.2026, author = {Nikoloski, Marjan and Botzen, Wouter and Banerjee, Sanchayan and Blasch, Julia and Talevi, Marta}, title = {Behavioural and Economic Drivers of Household Preferences for Energy Retrofit Programmes: Evidence from a Discrete Choice Experiment in the Netherlands}, titleParent = {SSRN}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6174508}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @article{GloorBraunHoobleretal.2026, author = {Gloor, Jamie L. and Braun, Susanne and Hoobler, Jenny M. and Pham, Huong and Peus, Claudia}, title = {More Motivated to Help Male Leaders? Explaining Fatherhood Bonuses via Follower Helping}, journal = {Journal of Business Ethics}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1573-0697}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-026-06248-1}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @article{PandeyMohdVeettiletal.2026, author = {Pandey, Amit and Mohd, Zubair Akhtar and Veettil, Nandana Kappuva and Wunderle, Bernhard and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Quantitative Kernel estimation from traffic signs using slanted edge spatial frequency response as a sharpness metric}, volume = {16}, pages = {7387}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-40556-w}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Sharpness is a critical optical property of automotive cameras, measured by the spatial frequency response (SFR) within the end-of-line (EOL) test after manufacturing. This work presents a method to estimate the blurring kernel of an automotive camera, which could be the first step toward state monitoring of automotive cameras. To achieve this, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed, using synthetic kernels generated by Zemax. The PCA model was built with approximately 1300 base kernels representing spatially variant point spread functions (PSFs). This model generates kernel samples during the estimation process. Synthetic images were created by convolving the synthetic kernels with reference traffic sign images and compared with real-life data captured by an automotive camera. These synthetic data were utilized for algorithm development, and later on, validation was performed on real-life data. The algorithm extracts two pixels regions of interest (ROIs) containing slanted edges from the blurred image and crops matching ROIs from a reference sharp image. Each candidate kernel was used to blur the reference ROIs, and the resulting SFR was compared with the blurred ROIs' SFR. Differential evolution optimization minimizes the SFR difference, selecting the kernel that best matches the observed blur. The final kernel was evaluated against the true kernel for accuracy. The structural similarity index measure (SSIM) between the original and estimated blurred ROIs ranges from 0.808 to 0.945. For true vs. estimated kernels, SSIM varies from 0.92 to 0.98. Pearson correlation coefficients range from 0.84 to 0.99, Cosine similarity from 0.86 to 0.99, and mean squared error (MSE) from to . Validation on real-life camera images showed that the SSIM between the estimated and blurred ROI was >0.82, showing promising accuracy in kernel estimation, which could be used towards in-field monitoring of camera sharpness degradation.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{RoessleXieMohanetal.2026, author = {R{\"o}ßle, Dominik and Xie, Xujun and Mohan, Adithya and Thirugnana Sambandham, Venkatesh and Cremers, Daniel and Sch{\"o}n, Torsten}, title = {DrivIng: A Large-Scale Multimodal Driving Dataset with Full Digital Twin Integration}, publisher = {arXiv}, address = {Ithaca}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.15260}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @unpublished{TolksdorfTejadaBauernfeindetal.2026, author = {Tolksdorf, Leon and Tejada, Arturo and Bauernfeind, Jonas and Birkner, Christian and van de Wouw, Nathan}, title = {Risk Estimation for Automated Driving}, publisher = {arXiv}, address = {Ithaca}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.15018}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Tolksdorf2026, author = {Tolksdorf, Leon}, title = {Risk-Based Motion Planning in Automated Vehicles}, publisher = {Eindhoven University of Technology}, address = {Eindhoven}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-65845}, pages = {xv, 175}, school = {Eindhoven University of Technology}, year = {2026}, abstract = {It is anticipated that there will be a long period where automated vehicles (AVs) and human road users share the same road network, with limited communication between them. As a result, AVs often operate with uncertain knowledge of their surroundings due to limitations in both sensing and estimation of the traffic scenario's current and future states. These limitations can be caused by factors such as noisy sensor data or lack of information about the intentions of other road users. Accounting for this uncertainty while designing motion planning and control algorithms for AVs is critical, as an AV may display hazardous behavior if it is overly confident in falsely estimated environment states or, contrarily, may act too cautiously when considering unnecessarily large safety margins in estimated states. Although safety regulations call for taking uncertainty into account, the right means to integrate uncertainty in motion planning has yet to be agreed upon. A promising way to account for uncertainty is through the concept of risk. Risk accounts for uncertainty in assessing safety by considering both the likelihood and severity of unsafe events, such as collisions. Research has shown that human drivers navigate traffic by trading off subjectively perceived risk against the potential rewards of reaching their destinations. Additionally, studies indicate that subjective risk tends to correlate with objective risk measures, while ethicists argue that risk can be used as a means to facilitate ethicality in road traffic by distributing risk fairly among road users. These relationships highlight the benefits of incorporating risk as a proxy for generating AV behavior in motion planning algorithms, by accounting for uncertainty in unsafe events. Incorporating risk in AV motion planning presents two main challenges. The first challenge is to develop a notion of risk that correctly incorporates an AV's uncertainty about the future motion of other road users, and that can be computed fast (and precisely) enough to be used in online (i.e., real-time) motion-planning algorithms. The second challenge is to develop an appropriate AV motion planning algorithm that incorporates risk and generates the desired AV behavior, facilitating ethicality. This dissertation addresses both challenges by making six main contributions. First, we introduce a suitable risk metric: the expected severity of a collision event. This metric, thus, is constituted of two terms, one accounting for the likelihood of a collision and another term considering the severity of a collision. Second, we investigate the AV behavior given different optimization-based motion planning strategies that accommodate our risk metric. We find that a stochastic model predictive control (SMPC)-based motion planner adequately balances risk with travel efficiency in the presence of varying uncertainty. \\Third, to compute risk, we provide an computationally efficient (i.e., real-time computable) algorithm to estimate risk. Here, the focus lies on estimating the probability of collision (POC), as our risk metric reduces to a POC metric when the severity term is considered constant. Based on multi-circular shape approximations of the geometries of the AV and other road users, we present an algorithm that estimates the POC with good precision, and that is guaranteed not to under-approximate it. The algorithm is shown to execute significantly faster than standard Monte Carlo sampling, while being tailored for optimization-based motion planning strategies. In our SMPC-based motion planning strategy, it is shown to generate smooth, reproducible trajectories under varying levels of uncertainty. Fourth, we extend our POC algorithm to risk estimation. Here, we propose a severity estimation method that allows us to consider different collision constellations, as literature shows that those are associated with different levels of harm to the passengers of vehicles. The resulting risk estimation algorithm leverages the advantages of the POC estimation algorithm, i.e., its particular suitability for optimization-based motion planning strategies, while allowing for the flexible integration of severity functions to represent different collision types. Furthermore, we provide an extension of our risk metric to estimate the risk from the perspective of each road user in the driving scene, as we argue that risk is asymmetric between pairs of road users, i.e., dependent on the perspective. Fifth, given our proposed SMPC-based motion planning strategy, the AVs behavior can be tuned such that it minimizes its own risk (egoistic perspective), the risk other road users face (altruistic perspective), and a balance of both (collective perspective). To evaluate safety and driving behavior for each of these risk metrics, we performed simulations on a database containing a wide variety of real-world and artificial traffic scenarios. The results show that a collective perspective balances the overall risk of all road users with the AV's driving behavior in a favorable manner, and constitutes a suitable approach to facilitate ethicality in road traffic. Lastly, we use our proposed risk metric as part of the decision-making process on emergency maneuvers, i.e., emergency steering and emergency braking, for an AV designed to evade collisions with late-detected pedestrians. In simulations, we show that this metric outperforms deterministic risk estimation by choosing the appropriate evasive maneuver more frequently. In experimental testing, we verified the real-world applicability of this metric in an AV testbed designed for collision avoidance by having a pedestrian dummy walk out from a sight obstruction when the AV approaches. We find that risk is beneficial in deciding on accident avoidance maneuvers. The contributions introduced in this thesis show that risk, and thus uncertainty, can be systematically incorporated in AV algorithms for motion planning and decision-making. We demonstrate that our risk metric is beneficial to the avoidance capabilities of low-automation safety systems. Furthermore, the proposed algorithms are computationally efficient, allowing for real-time optimization-based motion planning, which allows highly automated vehicles to navigate smoothly through road traffic. We show that risk-based AV behavior generation enables balancing the AV's interests in safety and travel efficiency for all road users, and thus, facilitates ethicality.}, language = {en} } @article{HussenetherRufinoJuniorSelaibePiresetal.2026, author = {Hußenether, Thomas and Rufino J{\´u}nior, Carlos Ant{\^o}nio and Selaibe Pires, Tom{\´a}s and Mishra, Tarani and Nahar, Jinesh and Vaghani, Akash and Polzer, Richard and Diel, Sergej and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Analysis of the Measurement Uncertainties in the Characterization Tests of Lithium-Ion Cells}, volume = {19}, pages = {825}, journal = {Energies}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/en19030825}, year = {2026}, abstract = {The transition to renewable energy systems and electric mobility depends on the effectiveness, reliability, and durability of lithium-ion battery technology. Accurate modeling and control of battery systems are essential to ensure safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness in electric vehicles and grid storage. In engineering and materials science, battery models depend on physical parameters such as capacity, energy, state of charge (SOC), internal resistance, power, and self-discharge rate. These parameters are affected by measurement uncertainty. Despite the widespread use of lithium-ion cells, few studies quantify how measurement uncertainty propagates to derived battery parameters and affects predictive modeling. This study quantifies how uncertainty in voltage, current, and temperature measurements reduces the accuracy of derived parameters used for simulation and control. This work presents a comprehensive uncertainty analysis of 18650 format lithium-ion cells with nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes. It applies the law of error propagation to quantify uncertainty in key battery parameters. The main result shows that small variations in voltage, current, and temperature measurements can produce measurable deviations in internal resistance and SOC. These findings challenge the common assumption that such uncertainties are negligible in practice. The results also highlight a risk for battery management systems that rely on these parameters for control and diagnostics. The results show that propagated uncertainty depends on chemistry because of differences in voltage profiles, kinetic limitations, and temperature sensitivity. This observation informs cell selection and testing for specific applications. Improved quantification and control of measurement uncertainty can improve model calibration and reduce lifetime and cost risks in battery systems. These results support more robust diagnostic strategies and more defensible warranty thresholds. This study shows that battery testing and modeling should report and propagate measurement uncertainty explicitly. This is important for data-driven and physics-informed models used in industry and research.}, language = {en} } @article{SalamatMatternOlzemetal.2026, author = {Salamat, Babak and Mattern, Dominik and Olzem, Sebastian-Sven and Elsbacher, Gerhard and Seidel, Christian and Tonello, Andrea M.}, title = {GMP3: Learning-Driven, Bellman-Guided Trajectory Planning for AAVs in Real-Time on SE(3)}, volume = {14}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3661193}, pages = {22720 -- 22733}, year = {2026}, abstract = {We propose GMP3, a multiphase global path planning framework that generates dynamically feasible three-dimensional trajectories for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating in cluttered environments. The framework extends traditional path planning from Euclidean position spaces to the Lie group SE(3), allowing joint learning of translational motion and rotational dynamics. A modified Bellman-based operator is introduced to support reinforcement learning (RL) policy updates while leveraging prior trajectory information for improved convergence. GMP3 is designed as a distributed framework in which agents influence each other and share policy information along the trajectory: each agent refines its assigned segment and shares with its neighbors via a consensus-based scheme, enabling cooperative policy updates and convergence toward a path shaped globally even under kinematic constraints.We also propose DroneManager, a modular ground control software that interfaces the planner with real UAVs platforms via the Micro Air Vehicle Link (MAVLink) protocol, supporting real-time deployment and feedback. Simulation studies and indoor flight experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in constrained 3D environments, demonstrating reliable obstacle avoidance and smooth, feasible trajectories across both position and orientation.}, language = {en} } @article{RappsilberKruegerRaspeetal.2026, author = {Rappsilber, Tim and Kr{\"u}ger, Simone and Raspe, Tina and Reclo, Rudolf and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {Toxic gas emission in electric vehicles: What a battery fire means for occupant safety}, volume = {2026}, pages = {104717}, journal = {Fire Safety Journal}, number = {162}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {1873-7226}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2026.104717}, year = {2026}, abstract = {This work investigates the ability of occupants to escape from a battery electric vehicle during a thermal runaway of the traction battery initiated by nail penetration. Such events generate intense fires and large amounts of toxic gases, rapidly reducing the time available for safe evacuation. In controlled full-scale outdoor experiments on two identical mid-range battery electric vehicles, the smoke gas composition inside the cabin is examined. Using FTIR spectrometers and an oxygen analyzer, temporal and spatial concentrations of organic carbonates, hydrocarbons, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen cyanide, acetylene, and oxygen are measured. Sampling locations include the driver's breathing zone, the right rear passenger's breathing zone, and the exterior right rear wheel housing. The study further evaluates occupant's escape capability using the fractional effective dose (FED) model in accordance with ISO 13571. Results show that toxic gases can reach harmful concentrations within minutes after smoke enters the cabin, though smoke entry times vary widely with fire progression. Differences in fire development and smoke dispersion strongly affect FED values and thus the time available for self-rescue. Overall, the findings provide an important basis for assessing occupant safety during battery electric vehicle fires and highlight the need for improved mitigation strategies.}, language = {en} } @article{RosbachAmmelingGanzetal.2026, author = {Rosbach, Emely and Ammeling, Jonas and Ganz, Jonathan and Bertram, Christof and Conrad, Thomas and Riener, Andreas and Aubreville, Marc}, title = {Stuck on Suggestions: Automation Bias, the Anchoring Effect, and the Factors That Shape Them in Computational Pathology}, volume = {3}, pages = {2026:007}, journal = {Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging}, number = {MELBA-BVM 2025 Special Issue}, publisher = {Melba editors}, address = {[s. l.]}, issn = {2766-905X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.59275/j.melba.2026-87b1}, pages = {126 -- 147}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven clinical decision support systems (CDSS) hold promise to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in computational pathology. However, collaboration between human experts and AI may give rise to cognitive biases, such as automation and anchoring bias, wherein users may be inclined to blindly adopt system recommendations or be disproportionately influenced by the presence of AI predictions, even when they are inaccurate. These biases may be exacerbated under time pressure, pervasive in routine pathology diagnostics, or shaped by individual user characteristics. To investigate these effects, we conducted a web-based experiment in which trained pathology experts (n = 28) estimated tumor cell percentages twice: once independently and once with the aid of an AI. A subset of the estimates in each condition was performed under time constraints. Our findings indicate that AI integration generally enhances diagnostic performance. However, it also introduced a 7\% automation bias rate, quantified as the number of accepted negative consultations, where a previously correct independent assessment gets overturned by inaccurate AI guidance. While time pressure did not increase the frequency of automation bias occurrence, it appeared to intensify its severity, as evidenced by a performance decline linked to increased automation reliance under cognitive load. A linear mixed-effects model (LMM) analysis, simulating weighted averaging, revealed a statistically significant positive coefficient for AI advice, indicating a moderate degree of anchoring on system output. This effect was further intensified under time pressure, suggesting that anchoring bias may become more pronounced when cognitive resources are limited. A secondary LMM evaluation assessing automation reliance, used as a proxy for both automation and anchoring bias, demonstrated that professional experience and self-efficacy were associated with reduced dependence on system support, whereas higher confidence during AI-assisted decision-making was linked to increased automation reliance. Together, these findings underscore the dual nature of AI integration in clinical workflows, offering performance benefits while also introducing risks of cognitive bias-driven diagnostic errors. As an initial investigation focused on a single medical specialty and diagnostic task, this study aims to lay the groundwork for future research to explore these phenomena across diverse clinical contexts, ultimately supporting the establishment of appropriate reliance on automated systems and the safe, effective integration of human-AI collaboration in medical decision-making.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{SchlampGernerBogenbergeretal.2026, author = {Schlamp, Anna-Lena and Gerner, Jeremias and Bogenberger, Klaus and Huber, Werner and Schmidtner, Stefanie}, title = {ROSA: Roundabout Optimized Speed Advisory with Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction in Multimodal Traffic}, publisher = {arXiv}, address = {Ithaca}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.14780}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @article{GoebelMertensRiener2026, author = {G{\"o}bel, Jan-Philipp and Mertens, Jan Cedric and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Thermal imaging for the detection of driver impairment: evidence from a high-fidelity driving simulator study}, journal = {Traffic Injury Prevention}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {1538-9588}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2026.2624006}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Objectives Driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) remains a major contributor to fatal traffic crashes worldwide. With increasing regulatory pressure, such as requirements by Euro NCAP for in-vehicle impairment detection, there is a growing need for reliable, real-time monitoring solutions. While traditional DUI detection approaches focus on driving behavior or eye movement analysis, this study explores the potential of thermal imaging as a noninvasive alternative for detecting alcohol impairment. Methods We conducted a large-scale experimental study with 120 participants in a high-fidelity driving simulator, capturing thermal facial data under both non-impaired and alcohol-impaired conditions. A novel temperature extraction method was developed based on facial landmarks, incorporating multiple frames to reduce noise and improve temporal stability. Ambient cabin temperature was also recorded to normalize facial temperature readings and control for environmental influences. Several machine learning classifiers, including Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Gradient-Boosting Models, were trained using five facial temperature features (cheek, temple, ear, forehead, and nasal tip) and evaluated via five-fold subject-wise cross-validation. Results Significant temperature changes were observed in specific facial regions (particularly the cheek, ear, temple, and nasal tip) under alcohol influence. Among the evaluated models, Logistic Regression achieved the highest average classification accuracy (62\%), while SVM demonstrated the most stable performance across folds. The model showed a slight conservative bias toward predicting the baseline (non-impaired) class, thereby reducing the risk of false positive classifications. Environmental conditions, including cabin temperature, were verified to be stable across both driving sessions, ensuring the validity of the physiological measurements. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of using thermal imaging for in-vehicle DUI detection under realistic conditions. Our contributions include the development of a robust facial temperature processing pipeline, the creation of a unique dataset collected under ecologically valid conditions, and a comprehensive comparison of seven state-of-the-art classification models. Thermal imaging represents a promising complementary modality for future driver monitoring systems focused on safety and impairment detection.}, language = {en} } @article{IvanHirlingGrexaetal.2026, author = {Ivan, Zsanett Zsofia and Hirling, Dominik and Grexa, Istvan and Ammeling, Jonas and Molnar, Csaba and Micsik, Tamas and Dobra, Katalin and Kuthi, Levente and Sukosd, Farkas and Fillinger, Janos and Moldvay, Judit and Toth, Erika and Aubreville, Marc and Miczan, Vivien and Horvath, Peter}, title = {A Subphase-Labeled Mitotic Dataset for AI-powered Cell Division Analysis}, journal = {Scientific Data}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {London}, issn = {2052-4463}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-07007-7}, pages = {17}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Mitosis detection represents a critical task in digital pathology, as it plays an important role in the tumor grading and prognosis of patients. Manual determination is a labor-intensive task for practitioners with high interobserver variability, thus, automation is a priority. There has been substantial progress towards creating robust mitosis detection algorithms, primarily driven by the Mitosis Domain Generalization (MIDOG) challenges. Also, there has been growing interest in the molecular characterization of mitosis to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of its underlying mechanisms in a subphase-specific manner. We introduce a new mitotic figure dataset annotated with subphase information based on the MIDOG++ dataset as well as a previously unrepresented tumor domain to enhance the diversity and applicability. We envision a new perspective for domain generalization by improving model performance with subtyping mitosis, complemented with an atypical mitotic class. Our work has implications in two main areas: subtyping information can provide helpful information in mitosis detection, while also providing promising new directions in answering biological questions, such as molecular analysis of subphases.}, language = {en} } @article{LangerTentrupSchweiger2026, author = {Langer, Robin and Tentrup, Thomas and Schweiger, Hans-Georg}, title = {A Vehicle-in-the-Loop Approach for Front Camera Verification Using Adaptive High Beam}, journal = {IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {2687-7813}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/OJITS.2026.3672438}, year = {2026}, abstract = {As automated driving functions based on environmental sensors become increasingly deployed, ensuring reliable performance over the vehicle lifetime is essential. Currently, verification is carried out through internal self-diagnostics, which do not always operate correctly, and periodic technical inspection, which assesses only the test criteria installation and condition. Test criteria for function and efficiency of environmental sensors are neither standardized nor routinely assessed, creating the need for new testing approaches. Previous low-cost research approaches defined a method and conducted experiments to verify a vehicle's front camera by displaying visual stimuli and evaluating the high beam assist response. Whereas the camera's function could be verified through a basic qualitative check, the approach did not enable a quantitative evaluation of its performance. The aim of this work was therefore to advance this approach and investigate the added value of a Vehicle-in-the-Loop test bench for front camera verification. Three tests were conducted. A supporting method was introduced to reproducibly detect and define the position of the headlight cutoff line, enabling consistent evaluation of the vehicle's reaction. With static camera stimuli (Test I), the function of the front camera could be verified, and the influence of the vehicle geometry on the reaction was assessed. Dynamic stimuli (Test II) additionally enabled an efficiency evaluation, allowing quantitative comparison between vehicles. However, transferring the stimuli into a reproducible virtual simulation (Test III) remained challenging, as the vehicles under test did not respond consistently. Further research is required to refine and simplify the method toward a standardized periodic technical inspection procedure.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BanerjeeGoschHesteretal.2026, author = {Banerjee, Sweta and Gosch, Timo and Hester, Sara and Weiss, Viktoria and Conrad, Thomas and Donovan, Taryn and Porsche, Nils and Ammeling, Jonas and Stroblberger, Christoph and Klopfleisch, Robert and Kaltenecker, Christopher and Bertram, Christof and Breininger, Katharina and Aubreville, Marc}, title = {Enabling Fast and Mobile Histopathology Image Annotation through Swipeable Interfaces SWAN}, booktitle = {Bildverarbeitung f{\"u}r die Medizin 2026: Proceedings, German Conference on Medical Image Computing, L{\"u}beck, March 15-17, 2026}, editor = {Handels, Heinz and Breininger, Katharina and Deserno, Thomas Martin and Maier, Andreas and Maier-Hein, Klaus H. and Palm, Christoph and Tolxdorff, Thomas}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-51100-5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-51100-5_42}, pages = {203 -- 209}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GoebelMertensRiener2026, author = {G{\"o}bel, Jan-Philipp and Mertens, Jan Cedric and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Evaluating Alcohol-Induced Impairment: A Comprehensive Study on Objective Tests and Subjective Self-Perception}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-6654-7778-9}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES65691.2025.11376306}, pages = {73 -- 80}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WeiJiangChanetal.2026, author = {Wei, Zixiang and Jiang, Yunruo and Chan, Pak Hung and Wang, Yiting and Poledna, Yuri and Donzella, Valentina}, title = {Darwick: A Paired Dataset in Low-Light Driving Scenarios for Advanced Perceptual Enhancement and Benchmarking Assessment}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3315-0592-9}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC58415.2024.11414063}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @article{NgetunyBaldaufZoerner2026, author = {Ngetuny, Joshua Kiplagat and Baldauf, Tobias and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried}, title = {Evaluating Feedstock Pretreatment Methods to Unlock Co-Digestion in Small-Scale Biogas Systems: A Multi-Criteria Approach to System Integration and Decision Making}, volume = {19}, pages = {1303}, journal = {Energies}, number = {5}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/en19051303}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Small-scale biogas plants in developing countries present a viable alternative to traditional polluting energy sources, particularly in rural and underserved communities. These systems typically rely on locally sourced livestock manure; however, inconsistent supply often results in underfeeding, reduced biogas production, and, in many cases, system abandonment. Co-digestion with crop residues presents a promising strategy to enhance feedstock availability and system resilience. However, the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosic biomass and limited access to suitable pretreatment technologies have constrained its adoption. This paper evaluates feasible pretreatment methods for integrating crop residues, especially straw, into small-scale biogas systems. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), pretreatment methods are assessed based on five criteria: (i) technology simplicity, (ii) energy requirements, (iii) capital and operational costs, (iv) effectiveness, and (v) environmental impact. The analysis identifies microbial pretreatment using the liquid fraction of digestate, combined with mechanical size reduction, as the most suitable approach for small-scale implementation, utilizing low-cost, simplified mechanical devices adaptable to various crop residues with minimal energy input. A conceptual design of a demonstration plant is proposed to validate this integrated pretreatment approach and assess its impact on biogas yield, system performance, and technology adoption. The design incorporates an on-site digestate separation unit to supply microbial inoculum and emphasizes simplicity and cost-effectiveness in material handling and energy use. Pilot trials are proposed to evaluate key performance indicators, including specific methane yield (LCH4/gVS added), volatile solids reduction (\%), and methane content increase (\%), ensuring evidence-based adoption and practical applicability of the design.}, language = {en} } @article{AgricolaBaertlLandesbergeretal.2026, author = {Agricola, Barbara and B{\"a}rtl, Marko and Landesberger, Martin and Zhao, Huan and Palm, Frank and Kerschenlohr, Annegret and J{\"a}gle, Eric A.}, title = {The columnar to bimodal transition of Al-Cr-Mo-Sc-Zr alloys during laser powder bed fusion}, volume = {2026}, pages = {115770}, journal = {Materials \& Design}, number = {264}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0264-1275}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115770}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Aluminium alloys processed via Powder Bed Fusion using a Laser Beam (PBF-LB) enable complex and lightweight components. Especially high-strength and heat-resistant Al alloys are in high demand for aerospace and motorsports applications, but the processability of these alloys remains critical due to hot-cracking along columnar grains. Therefore, the microstructural control of PBF-LB alloys is under increasing consideration. Al-Cr alloys have shown promising high-temperature properties and good processability in previous studies despite having a coarse and fully columnar grain structure. In this study, Al-Cr-Mo-Sc-Zr alloys with different compositions are subjected to phase analysis to understand the transition from fully columnar to bimodal grain structures. Synchrotron diffraction, electron dispersive spectroscopy, and atom probe tomography results have shown that three phases are present, irrespective of the alloys' composition: 𝛼-Al, Al45Cr7, and Al3(Sc,Zr). The introduction of Cr increases the lattice mismatch between 𝛼-Al and Al3(Sc,Zr) and is suspected to hinder grain refinement by Sc and Zr. Various thermodynamic simulations revealed the effect of grain refining elements (Sc+Zr) and Cr on the solidification path. The combination of simulation and experimental investigations led to three hypotheses on the columnar to bimodal transition in Al-Cr alloys. These results will help to further enable the microstructural control of PBF-LB processed alloys.}, language = {en} } @article{GlaasPhamMuenstermannetal.2026, author = {Glaas, Saskia and Pham, Huong and M{\"u}nstermann, Hannes and Frey, Dieter}, title = {The Search for Meaning at Work: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Cognitive Crafting Intervention}, volume = {11}, pages = {8}, journal = {International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, issn = {2364-5059}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-026-00274-0}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Many employees struggle to experience a sense of meaning in their work, posing a challenge to workplace flourishing. Cognitive crafting—the process of reframing how one interprets their work—can enhance meaningful work and well-being. However, strategies to effectively promote it remain unclear. Building on positive psychology interventions, self-determination theory, and job crafting theory, we developed a brief online intervention using meaning-based reflection and cognitive reframing. Its effectiveness was evaluated in a pre-registered randomized controlled trial ( N = 260) with an active control group, assessing outcomes post-intervention and at one-month follow-up. Compared to the control group, the intervention group reported significantly higher levels of meaningful work, work engagement, and job satisfaction. However, these differences were driven by lower scores in the control group compared to baseline, while the intervention group remained stable. These findings highlight the complexity of designing effective cognitive crafting interventions and underscore the need for further theory-driven research to identify strategies that reliably enhance positive work evaluations and work-related well-being.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HornAdamSchmidtner2026, author = {Horn, Alexander and Adam, Philip-Roman and Schmidtner, Stefanie}, title = {A Benchmark Dataset for Bus Travel and Dwell Time Prediction}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE 28th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3315-2418-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC60802.2025.11423733}, pages = {2047 -- 2054}, year = {2026}, language = {en} } @unpublished{HanKefferpuetzBeyerer2025, author = {Han, Longfei and Kefferp{\"u}tz, Klaus and Beyerer, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Decentralized Fusion of 3D Extended Object Tracking based on a B-Spline Shape Model}, publisher = {arXiv}, address = {Ithaca}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2504.18708}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Extended Object Tracking (EOT) exploits the high resolution of modern sensors for detailed environmental perception. Combined with decentralized fusion, it contributes to a more scalable and robust perception system. This paper investigates the decentralized fusion of 3D EOT using a B-spline curve based model. The spline curve is used to represent the side-view profile, which is then extruded with a width to form a 3D shape. We use covariance intersection (CI) for the decentralized fusion and discuss the challenge of applying it to EOT. We further evaluate the tracking result of the decentralized fusion with simulated and real datasets of traffic scenarios. We show that the CI-based fusion can significantly improve the tracking performance for sensors with unfavorable perspective.}, language = {en} } @article{HahnBednarz2025, author = {Hahn, Christoph and Bednarz, Martin}, title = {Economics of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells}, volume = {19}, journal = {Tehnički glasnik}, number = {si1}, publisher = {University North}, address = {Koprivnica}, issn = {1848-5588}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.31803/tg-20250303145130}, pages = {124 -- 129}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Hydrogen is considered a key component of the renewable energy transition for the 21st century, with potential applications using fuel cells in the transportation sector, decentralized heating systems, and energy storage. However, the conversion from fossil fuels to hydrogen implies comprehensive research to address technological and socio economic challenges, enabling its widespread adoption. This paper discusses the economics of fuel cells. A cost analysis of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is performed, and current market data and developments are presented.}, language = {en} } @article{MoralesTorricosBergFiggemeieretal.2025, author = {Morales Torricos, Pablo and Berg, Sascha and Figgemeier, Egbert and Endisch, Christian and Lewerenz, Meinert}, title = {The important role of lithiation-induced pressure change on apparent aging of lithium-ion batteries during accelerated cyclic aging tests}, volume = {2025}, pages = {117323}, journal = {Journal of Energy Storage}, number = {131, Part A}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2352-1538}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2025.117323}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In assessing the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries in laboratory conditions, the measured capacity declines during accelerated cyclic aging tests but increases when the cells are left idle. This recoverable capacity loss, known in literature as apparent aging, results from an inhomogeneous lithium distribution in the anode appearing in dV/dQ and capacity difference analysis. This study explores the origin of the apparent aging by correlating lithium distribution in the anode and recoverable capacity loss, with the lithiation induced pressure change and generated electrolyte motion during cycling. To this end, we compressed five commercial pouch lithium-ion cells (NMC/Gr) with holder stiffnesses ranging from 0.9 to 15.4 MPa/mm and offset pressure from 289 to 681 kPa and subjected them to continuous cyclic aging tests. While offset pressure had no significant impact, we observed, that holder stiffnesses over 3.3 MPa/mm induces an apparent capacity loss, which is recoverable by 35 \% during a resting phase. The root cause is the so-called electrolyte motion induced salt inhomogeneity (EMSI), driven by continuous high current cycling and electrolyte motion, which is intensified by higher holder stiffness but not by offset pressure. These insights are crucial for improving the accuracy of accelerated aging tests and enhancing battery lifespan predictions.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BehretKushtanovaFadletal.2025, author = {Behret, Valentino and Kushtanova, Regina and Fadl, Islam and Weber, Simon and Helmer, Thomas and Palme, Frank}, title = {Sensor Calibration and Data Analysis of the MuFoRa Dataset}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - (Volume 2)}, editor = {Bashford-Rogers, Thomas and Meneveaux, Daniel and Ammi, Mehdi and Ziat, Mounia and J{\"a}nicke, Stefan and Purchase, Helen and Radeva, Petia and Furnari, Antonino and Bouatouch, Kadi and Sousa, A. Augusto}, publisher = {SciTePress}, address = {Set{\´u}bal}, isbn = {978-989-758-728-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5220/0013310400003912}, pages = {622 -- 631}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Autonomous driving sensors face significant challenges under adverse weather conditions such as fog and rain, which can seriously degrade their performance and reliability. Existing datasets often lack the reproducible and measurable data needed to adequately quantify these effects. To address this gap, a new multimodal dataset (MuFoRa) has been collected under controlled adverse weather conditions at the CARISSMA facility, using a stereo camera and two solid-state LiDAR sensors. This dataset is used to quantitatively assess sensor degradation by measuring the entropy for images and the number of inliers for point clouds on a spherical target. These metrics are used to evaluate the impact on performance under varying conditions of fog (5 to 150 m visibility) and rain (20 to 100 mm/h intensity) at different distances (5 to 50 m). Additionally, two calibration target detection approaches - Deep-learning and Hough-based - are evaluated to achieve accurate sensor alignment. The contributions include the introduction of a new dataset focused on fog and rain, the evaluation of sensor degradation, and an improved calibration approach. This dataset is intended to support the development of more robust sensor fusion and object detection algorithms for autonomous driving.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KediliogluNovaLandesbergeretal.2025, author = {Kedilioglu, Oguz and Nova, Tasnim Tabassum and Landesberger, Martin and Wang, Lijiu and Hofmann, Michael and Franke, J{\"o}rg and Reitelsh{\"o}fer, Sebastian}, title = {PrIcosa: High-Precision 3D Camera Calibration with Non-Overlapping Field of Views}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - (Volume 2)}, editor = {Bashford-Rogers, Thomas and Meneveaux, Daniel and Ammi, Mehdi and Ziat, Mounia and J{\"a}nicke, Stefan and Purchase, Helen and Radeva, Petia and Furnari, Antonino and Bouatouch, Kadi and Sousa, A. Augusto}, publisher = {SciTePress}, address = {Set{\´u}bal}, isbn = {978-989-758-728-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5220/0013088700003912}, pages = {801 -- 809}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Multi-camera systems are being used more and more frequently, from autonomous mobile robots to intelligent visual servoing cells. Determining the pose of the cameras to each other very accurately is essential for many applications. However, choosing the most suitable calibration object geometry and utilizing it as effectively as possible still remains challenging. Disadvantageous geometries provide only subpar datasets, increasing the need for a larger dataset and decreasing the accuracy of the calibration results. Moreover, an unrefined calibration method can lead to worse accuracies even with a good dataset. Here, we introduce a probabilistic method to increase the accuracy of 3D camera calibration. Furthermore, we analyze the effects of the calibration object geometry on the data properties and the resulting calibration accuracy for the geometries cube and icosahedron. The source code for this project is available at GitHub (Nova, 2024).}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FadlSchoenBehretetal.2025, author = {Fadl, Islam and Sch{\"o}n, Torsten and Behret, Valentino and Brandmeier, Thomas and Palme, Frank and Helmer, Thomas}, title = {Environment Setup and Model Benchmark of the MuFoRa Dataset}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - (Volume 3)}, editor = {Bashford-Rogers, Thomas and Meneveaux, Daniel and Ammi, Mehdi and Ziat, Mounia and J{\"a}nicke, Stefan and Purchase, Helen and Radeva, Petia and Furnari, Antonino and Bouatouch, Kadi and Sousa, A. Augusto}, publisher = {SciTePress}, address = {Set{\´u}bal}, isbn = {978-989-758-728-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5220/0013307900003912}, pages = {729 -- 737}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Adverse meteorological conditions, particularly fog and rain, present significant challenges to computer vision algorithms and autonomous systems. This work presents MuFoRa a novel, controllable, and measured multimodal dataset recorded at CARISSMA's indoor test facility, specifically designed to assess perceptual difficulties in foggy and rainy environments. The dataset bridges research gap in the public benchmarking datasets, where quantifiable weather parameters are lacking. The proposed dataset comprises synchronized data from two sensor modalities: RGB stereo cameras and LiDAR sensors, captured under varying intensities of fog and rain. The dataset incorporates synchronized meteorological annotations, such as visibility through fog and precipitation levels of rain, and the study contributes a detailed explanation of the diverse weather effects observed during data collection in the methods section. The dataset's utility is demonstrated through a baseline evaluation example, asse ssing the performance degradation of state-of-the-art YOLO11 and DETR 2D object detection algorithms under controlled and quantifiable adverse weather conditions. The public release of the dataset (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14175611) facilitates various benchmarking and quantitative assessments of advanced multimodal computer vision and deep learning models under the challenging conditions of fog and rain.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BayerlHutzelmannHof2025, author = {Bayerl, Dominik and Hutzelmann, Thomas and Hof, Hans-Joachim}, title = {Efficient Cross-Architecture Binary Function Embeddings through Knowledge Distillation}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th ACM Cyber-Physical System Security Workshop}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-1413-9}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3709017.3737709}, pages = {43 -- 51}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Deep learning has recently been shown to be effective in various tasks related to static binary analysis. One important analysis task is the binary function similarity problem: Given the binary code of two functions compiled with different compilers, different settings, and different processor architectures, the goal is to decide whether the functions are semantically equivalent (i.e. "similar") or not. This problem has numerous applications for embedded systems, for example plagiarism detection, validation of compliance restrictions with usable software licenses, more efficient reverse engineering of existing binary codebases, or vulnerability scanning by detecting known vulnerable functions. In this paper, we propose a novel training scheme for the popular transformer neural network architecture to learn function embeddings directly from instruction listings. Unlike existing approaches, our solution explicitly considers the cross-architecture scenario: we propose a training method to adapt the model to different instruction set architectures (ISA) without having to train a new model from scratch, which allows the model to also be used efficiently for embedded systems, where there are a variety of different processor architectures. We show that our solution achieves a similarity classification accuracy of 89.6\% on a dataset consisting of several real-world open source software projects. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of knowledge distillation in increasing the computational efficiency of the embedding model. We demonstrate a reduction in the number of parameters from 87M to 23M, while still maintaining a classification accuracy of 87.8\%. Our code and artifacts are available as open source.}, language = {en} } @article{WellerNalavadeGmelchetal.2025, author = {Weller, Julian and Nalavade, Sumit and Gmelch, Oliver and Migenda, Nico and Heuwinkel, Tim and Dumitrescu, Roman}, title = {Advanced Analytics in Smart Factories: Towards an actionable Taxonomy for Prescriptive Analytics Use Cases}, volume = {2025}, journal = {Procedia CIRP}, number = {134}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2212-8271}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2025.03.016}, pages = {229 -- 234}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Prescriptive analytics use cases support in the decision-making process and focus on providing actionable guidance (e.g. in the smart factory) based on a set of problems and possible solutions. Smart factories represent the core of Industry 4.0 and can greatly benefit from the implementation of advanced analytics use cases. Prescriptive analytics enables operational excellence in smart factories by providing actionable insights and decisions to (autonomously) steer and govern areas of a factory. Still, a widespread adoption of principles of prescriptive analytics is not reached, due to the complexity and interconnectivity of different use cases. Additionally, a lack of methodological support for developing prescriptive analytics use cases is observed. We support the adoption and ideation of prescriptive analytics use cases by providing a taxonomy for prescriptive analytics use cases in smart factories for researchers. To make the findings from the taxonomy actionable, we develop a concept on how to transform existing analytics use cases or use case ideas into prescriptive analytics use cases to support practitioners. We focus on the transformation of existing analytics use cases into prescriptive analytics use cases to lower the barrier to entry for the development of prescriptive use cases. The findings are based on the taxonomy development method by Nickerson. Our evaluation is supported by expert interviews as well as focus groups.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RosbachAmmelingKruegeletal.2025, author = {Rosbach, Emely and Ammeling, Jonas and Kr{\"u}gel, Sebastian and Kießig, Angelika and Fritz, Alexis and Ganz, Jonathan and Puget, Chlo{\´e} and Donovan, Taryn and Klang, Andrea and K{\"o}ller, Maximilian C. and Bolfa, Pompei and Tecilla, Marco and Denk, Daniela and Kiupel, Matti and Paraschou, Georgios and Kok, Mun Keong and Haake, Alexander F. H. and de Krijger, Ronald R. and Sonnen, Andreas F.-P. and Kasantikul, Tanit and Dorrestein, Gerry M. and Smedley, Rebecca C. and Stathonikos, Nikolas and Uhl, Matthias and Bertram, Christof and Riener, Andreas and Aubreville, Marc}, title = {"When Two Wrongs Don't Make a Right" - Examining Confirmation Bias and the Role of Time Pressure During Human-AI Collaboration in Computational Pathology}, pages = {528}, booktitle = {CHI'25: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, editor = {Yamashita, Naomi and Evers, Vanessa and Yatani, Koji and Ding, Xianghua and Lee, Bongshin and Chetty, Marshini and Toups-Dugas, Phoebe}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-1394-1}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713319}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision support systems hold promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in computational pathology. However, human-AI collaboration can introduce and amplify cognitive biases, like confirmation bias caused by false confirmation when erroneous human opinions are reinforced by inaccurate AI output. This bias may increase under time pressure, a ubiquitous factor in routine pathology, as it strains practitioners' cognitive resources. We quantified confirmation bias triggered by AI-induced false confirmation and examined the role of time constraints in a web-based experiment, where trained pathology experts (n=28) estimated tumor cell percentages. Our results suggest that AI integration fuels confirmation bias, evidenced by a statistically significant positive linear-mixed-effects model coefficient linking AI recommendations mirroring flawed human judgment and alignment with system advice. Conversely, time pressure appeared to weaken this relationship. These findings highlight potential risks of AI in healthcare and aim to support the safe integration of clinical decision support systems.}, language = {en} } @article{GresshakeBoschTutunaruetal.2025, author = {Greßhake, Lukas and Bosch, Stephan and Tutunaru, Robin and Holzhammer, Uwe}, title = {What do you mean by '(un-)suitable'? Analysing the diversity of social acceptance towards the deployment of renewable energies in different landscapes}, volume = {20}, journal = {Journal of Land Use Science}, number = {1}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London}, issn = {1747-4248}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1747423X.2025.2499280}, pages = {117 -- 150}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Local energy transitions are shaped by diverse stakeholder perspectives on land use, reflecting competing values, knowledge systems, and political views. This study applies the landscape services framework to systematically assess renewable energy (RE) suitability across different landscapes, capturing both ecological and socio-cultural dimensions. Through stakeholder surveys in two German regions and statistical comparative analysis, we reveal how suitability perceptions vary significantly: (1) between stakeholder groups (e.g. conservationists vs. developers), (2) across regions (industrial vs. ecological-cultural contexts), and (3) even within groups sharing similar objectives. Key findings show strong preference for RE development in industrial and agricultural zones ('acceptance corridors') and opposition in ecologically sensitive areas, though with notable regional exceptions. The landscape services approach proves effective in mapping these conflicts and consensus areas, providing actionable insights for spatially sensitive RE planning. Our results underscore the need to complement technical siting criteria with structured assessments of social landscape values to enable just and locally accepted energy transitions.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{KammerlanderKolbLuegmairetal.2025, author = {Kammerlander, Calvin and Kolb, Viola and Luegmair, Marinus and Scheermann, Lou and Schmailzl, Maximilian and Seufert, Marco and Zhang, Jiayun and Dalic, Denis and Sch{\"o}n, Torsten}, title = {Machine Learning Models for Soil Parameter Prediction Based on Satellite, Weather, Clay and Yield Data}, publisher = {arXiv}, address = {Ithaca}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.22276}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Efficient nutrient management and precise fertilization are essential for advancing modern agriculture, particularly in regions striving to optimize crop yields sustainably. The AgroLens project endeavors to address this challenge by develop ing Machine Learning (ML)-based methodologies to predict soil nutrient levels without reliance on laboratory tests. By leveraging state of the art techniques, the project lays a foundation for acionable insights to improve agricultural productivity in resource-constrained areas, such as Africa. The approach begins with the development of a robust European model using the LUCAS Soil dataset and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery to estimate key soil properties, including phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, and pH levels. This model is then enhanced by integrating supplementary features, such as weather data, harvest rates, and Clay AI-generated embeddings. This report details the methodological framework, data preprocessing strategies, and ML pipelines employed in this project. Advanced algorithms, including Random Forests, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Fully Connected Neural Networks (FCNN), were implemented and finetuned for precise nutrient prediction. Results showcase robust model performance, with root mean square error values meeting stringent accuracy thresholds. By establishing a reproducible and scalable pipeline for soil nutrient prediction, this research paves the way for transformative agricultural applications, including precision fertilization and improved resource allocation in underresourced regions like Africa.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{SongLiangXiaetal.2025, author = {Song, Rui and Liang, Chenwei and Xia, Yan and Zimmer, Walter and Cao, Hu and Caesar, Holger and Festag, Andreas and Knoll, Alois}, title = {CoDa-4DGS: Dynamic Gaussian Splatting with Context and Deformation Awareness for Autonomous Driving}, publisher = {arXiv}, address = {Ithaca}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.06744}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Dynamic scene rendering opens new avenues in autonomous driving by enabling closed-loop simulations with photorealistic data, which is crucial for validating end-to-end algorithms. However, the complex and highly dynamic nature of traffic environments presents significant challenges in accurately rendering these scenes. In this paper, we introduce a novel 4D Gaussian Splatting (4DGS) approach, which incorporates context and temporal deformation awareness to improve dynamic scene rendering. Specifically, we employ a 2D semantic segmentation foundation model to self-supervise the 4D semantic features of Gaussians, ensuring meaningful contextual embedding. Simultaneously, we track the temporal deformation of each Gaussian across adjacent frames. By aggregating and encoding both semantic and temporal deformation features, each Gaussian is equipped with cues for potential deformation compensation within 3D space, facilitating a more precise representation of dynamic scenes. Experimental results show that our method improves 4DGS's ability to capture fine details in dynamic scene rendering for autonomous driving and outperforms other self-supervised methods in 4D reconstruction and novel view synthesis. Furthermore, CoDa-4DGS deforms semantic features with each Gaussian, enabling broader applications.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{KalyanasundaramChandraSekaranStaeuberetal.2025, author = {Kalyanasundaram, Abinav and Chandra Sekaran, Karthikeyan and St{\"a}uber, Philipp and Lange, Michael and Utschick, Wolfgang and Botsch, Michael}, title = {Uncertainty-Aware Hybrid Machine Learning in Virtual Sensors for Vehicle Sideslip Angle Estimation}, publisher = {arXiv}, address = {Ithaca}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2504.06105}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Precise vehicle state estimation is crucial for safe and reliable autonomous driving. The number of measurable states and their precision offered by the onboard vehicle sensor system are often constrained by cost. For instance, measuring critical quantities such as the Vehicle Sideslip Angle (VSA) poses significant commercial challenges using current optical sensors. This paper addresses these limitations by focusing on the development of high-performance virtual sensors to enhance vehicle state estimation for active safety. The proposed Uncertainty-Aware Hybrid Learning (UAHL) architecture integrates a machine learning model with vehicle motion models to estimate VSA directly from onboard sensor data. A key aspect of the UAHL architecture is its focus on uncertainty quantification for individual model estimates and hybrid fusion. These mechanisms enable the dynamic weighting of uncertainty-aware predictions from machine learning and vehicle motion models to produce accurate and reliable hybrid VSA estimates. This work also presents a novel dataset named Real-world Vehicle State Estimation Dataset (ReV-StED), comprising synchronized measurements from advanced vehicle dynamic sensors. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method for VSA estimation, highlighting UAHL as a promising architecture for advancing virtual sensors and enhancing active safety in autonomous vehicles.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{HanKefferpuetzBeyerer2025, author = {Han, Longfei and Kefferp{\"u}tz, Klaus and Beyerer, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {3D Extended Object Tracking based on Extruded B-Spline Side View Profiles}, publisher = {arXiv}, address = {Ithaca}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.10730}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Object tracking is an essential task for autonomous systems. With the advancement of 3D sensors, these systems can better perceive their surroundings using effective 3D Extended Object Tracking (EOT) methods. Based on the observation that common road users are symmetrical on the right and left sides in the traveling direction, we focus on the side view profile of the object. In order to leverage of the development in 2D EOT and balance the number of parameters of a shape model in the tracking algorithms, we propose a method for 3D extended object tracking (EOT) by describing the side view profile of the object with B-spline curves and forming an extrusion to obtain a 3D extent. The use of B-spline curves exploits their flexible representation power by allowing the control points to move freely. The algorithm is developed into an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). For a through evaluation of this method, we use simulated traffic scenario of different vehicle models and realworld open dataset containing both radar and lidar data.}, language = {en} } @article{YuKiranEhrensbergeretal.2025, author = {Yu, Qing and Kiran, Iqra and Ehrensberger, Moritz and Streck, Luiza and Roth, Thomas and Jossen, Andreas and Endisch, Christian and Lewerenz, Meinert}, title = {Assigning Calendar Aging during Open Circuit and Float Current Analysis to Anode and Cathode Aging Using Three-Electrode Cells}, volume = {172}, pages = {060523}, journal = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society}, number = {6}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1945-7111}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ade295}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Analyzing calendar aging by float current analysis, instead of solely repeating capacity tests, gains more insights into aging. However, the underlying mechanisms of the recharge current required to keep the voltage constant are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study performs float current and additional open circuit voltage (OCV) tests on 3-electrode cells for four different voltages at 30 °C. By monitoring the potentials of the anode and the cathode over time individually, the aging rate on both electrodes and the present capacity can be calculated based on adjusting the electrode-specific OCV curves according to the voltage slippery theory. The electrode-specific aging and the capacity prediction show high agreement among both methods and the capacity tests at the end of the experiment. As a result, the capacity loss appears linear-like and is associated with the loss of active lithium mainly due to SEI formation on the anode. Additionally, a significant cathode voltage decay is observed especially for higher cell voltage. According to the literature, this is associated with cathode lithiation where the conductive salt is decomposed by inserting active lithium into the cathode masking SEI losses. Finally, OCV and float current analysis return comparable results and support present 2-electrode evaluation approaches.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KarpenahalliRamakrishnaMohanZeinalyetal.2025, author = {Karpenahalli Ramakrishna, Chidvilas and Mohan, Adithya and Zeinaly, Zahra and Belzner, Lenz}, title = {The Evolution of Criticality in Deep Reinforcement Learning}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART 2025) - Volume 3}, editor = {Rocha, Ana Paula and Steels, Luc and van den Herik, Jaap}, publisher = {SciTePress}, address = {Set{\´u}bal}, isbn = {978-989-758-737-5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5220/0013114200003890}, pages = {217 -- 224}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In Reinforcement Learning (RL), certain states demand special attention due to their significant influence on outcomes; these are identified as critical states. The concept of criticality is essential for the development of effective and robust policies and to improve overall trust in RL agents in real-world applications like autonomous driving. The current paper takes a deep dive into criticality and studies the evolution of criticality throughout training. The experiments are conducted on a new, simple yet intuitive continuous cliff maze environment and the Highway-env autonomous driving environment. Here, a novel finding is reported that criticality is not only learnt by the agent but can also be unlearned. We hypothesize that diversity in experiences is necessary for effective criticality quantification which is majorly driven by the chosen exploration strategy. This close relationship between exploration and criticality is studied utilizing two different strategies namely the ex ponential ε-decay and the adaptive ε-decay. The study supports the idea that effective exploration plays a crucial role in accurately identifying and understanding critical states.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WildgrubeEhrettTrojahnetal.2025, author = {Wildgrube, Fabian and Ehrett, Pete and Trojahn, Paul and Membarth, Richard and Beckmann, Bradford and Baumeister, Dominik and Chajdas, Matth{\"a}us}, title = {GPUs All Grown-Up: Fully Device-Driven SpMV Using GPU Work Graphs}, booktitle = {ISCA ´25: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-1261-6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3695053.3731060}, pages = {1777 -- 1791}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) is a key operation across high-performance computing, graph analytics, and many more applications. In these applications, the matrix characteristics, notably non-zero elements per row, can vary widely and impact which algorithm performs best. Thus, Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) SpMV algorithms often rely on costly preprocessing to determine what per-row algorithm to select to achieve high performance. In this work we combine SpMV preprocessing and the subsequent per-row processing on the GPU by leveraging the novel "Work Graphs" GPU programming model—initially designed for graphics applications—for dynamic on-device self-scheduling. Work Graphs allow for fine-grain dataflow execution of individual workgroups using emerging hardware and firmware support. As soon as preprocessing has generated sufficient work, workgroups of individual processing kernels are self-scheduled and executed, interleaved with those of other kernels. This improves cache locality and eliminates host interaction altogether. Across a suite of 59 sparse matrices, the best of various novel Work Graphs SpMV implementations outperforms state-of-the-art rocSPARSE "LRB" for a single SpMV by up to 7.19 × (mean: 3.35 ×, SD: 1.89). Furthermore, it achieves much more stable performance across various sparsity patterns than the rocSPARSE CSR-General algorithm, and even beats the advanced rocSPARSE CSR-Adaptive algorithm for up to 92 consecutive SpMV calculations. In addition, compared to rocSPARSE LRB, it reduces code complexity by 75\%. Its memory footprint for supporting data structures is a fixed ∼ 25 MiB independent of matrix size, compared to rocSPARSE LRB's data structures that scale with matrix size to hundreds of megabytes. Overall, this work showcases the performance potential of emerging dynamic on-device scheduling techniques for GPU compute applications.}, language = {en} } @article{AxmannPujar2025, author = {Axmann, Bernhard and Pujar, Sanket}, title = {Artificial Intelligence in Knowledge Management: Overview and Selection of Software for Automotive Reporting}, volume = {19}, journal = {Tehnički glasnik}, number = {si1}, publisher = {University North}, address = {Koprivnica}, issn = {1848-5588}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.31803/tg-20250313154901}, pages = {130 -- 135}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Knowledge Management is essential for modern organizations, enabling the systematic capture, organization, and sharing of knowledge to enhance decision-making and innovation. Traditional Knowledge Management tools, focused on document storage and retrieval, struggle with unstructured data and collaboration, necessitating advanced technological solutions, particularly those incorporating Artificial Intelligence. - Artificial Intelligence-driven Knowledge Management systems revolutionize data handling through automation, and real-time insights. This is particularly valuable in data-intensive industries like automotive, finance, and healthcare. In the automotive sector, annual reports provide critical insights but are complex and time-consuming to analyze and are a complex example and therefore a good test case. Annual reports of 5 major automotive companies BMW, Volkswagen group, Toyota Motors, General Motors and Tesla were selected as the testing dataset. Artificial Intelligence tools, using natural language processing and machine learning, streamline data extraction. - Despite their benefits, organizations face challenges in selecting the right Artificial Intelligence-driven Knowledge Management software due to a lack of standardized evaluation frameworks. This research applies a systematic methodology for assessing such software, considering usability, adaptability, cost-effectiveness, and data privacy compliance, specifically tailored to automotive reporting and gives recommendation for software tools.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DevillersKurtenackerMembarthetal.2025, author = {Devillers, Hugo and Kurtenacker, Matthias and Membarth, Richard and Lemme, Stefan and Kenzel, Michael and Yazici, {\"O}mercan and Slusallek, Philipp}, title = {No More Shading Languages: Compiling C++ to Vulkan Shaders}, booktitle = {High-Performance Graphics - Symposium Papers}, editor = {Knoll, Aaron and Peters, Christoph}, publisher = {The Eurographics Association}, address = {Goslar}, isbn = {978-3-03868-291-2}, url = {https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/hpg20251167}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2312/hpg.20251167}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Graphics APIs have traditionally relied on shading languages, however, these languages have a number of fundamental defects and limitations. By contrast, GPU compute platforms offer powerful, feature-rich languages suitable for heterogeneous compute. We propose reframing shading languages as embedded domain-specific languages, layered on top of a more general language like C++, doing away with traditional limitations on pointers, functions, and recursion, to the benefit of programmability. This represents a significant compilation challenge because the limitations of shaders are reflected in their lower-level representations. We present the Vcc compiler, which allows conventional C and C++ code to run as Vulkan shaders. Our compiler is complemented by a simple shading library and exposes GPU particulars as intrinsics and annotations. We evaluate the performance of our compiler using a selection of benchmarks, including a real-time path tracer, achieving competitive performance compared to their native CUDA counterparts.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EderLoewHof2025, author = {Eder, Lukas and L{\"o}w, Jakob and Hof, Hans-Joachim}, title = {Charging Communication Sniffing and Man-in-the-Middle Attacks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Future and Sustainable Energy Systems}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-1125-1}, doi = {ttps://doi.org/10.1145/3679240.3734648}, pages = {799 -- 804}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In recent years an increasing amount of electric vehicle fast charging stations have been built to meet the growing demand from rising electric vehicle numbers. The standard for fast charging communication in europe is ISO 15118. In theory the standard includes security controls for authentication and transport encryption. In reality difficulties with implementing those security controls as well as insecure design within the standard lead to multiple possible attack vectors compromising the confidentiality and authenticity of charging communication sessions. The goal of this research is to present different approaches towards performing sniffing and man-in-the-middle attacks against charging communication. We also provide a novel approach, which does not rely on race conditions and thus is more reliable than previous approaches.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RauscherStenzelEndisch2025, author = {Rauscher, Andreas and Stenzel, Peer and Endisch, Christian}, title = {Investigation of Factors Influencing the End-of-Line Partial Discharge Testing of Electrical Machines}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/WEMDCD61816.2025.11014117}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{UlreichKaupEbert2025, author = {Ulreich, Fabian and Kaup, Andr{\´e} and Ebert, Martin}, title = {Novel Test Bench for End-to-End Validation of Monocular Depth Estimation Under the Influence of Glaring Situations}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3315-0592-9}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC58415.2024.10920009}, pages = {2426 -- 2432}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inbook{LangeFeucht2025, author = {Lange, J{\"o}rg and Feucht, Thilo}, title = {3D-Druck}, volume = {27. Jahrgang}, booktitle = {Stahlbau-Kalender 2025: Neue Normen, Leichtmetallbau, Digitales Planen und Bauen}, editor = {Kuhlmann, Ulrike}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-433-61212-5}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/9783433612125.ch10}, pages = {817 -- 858}, year = {2025}, language = {de} } @article{VergnanoPelizzariGiorgiannietal.2025, author = {Vergnano, Alberto and Pelizzari, Alessandro and Giorgianni, Claudio and Kovanda, Jan and Zimmer, Alessandro and Lopes da Silva, Joed and Rezvanpour, Hamed and Leali, Francesco}, title = {Monitoring Occupant Posture Using a Standardized Sensor Interface with a Vehicle Seat}, volume = {9}, pages = {52}, journal = {Designs}, number = {2}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2411-9660}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/designs9020052}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Car safety can be enhanced by enabling the Airbag Control Unit (ACU) to adaptively deploy different charges based on the occupant's position once the crash occurs. In this context, monitoring the occupant's position using a sensorized seat integrated with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) offers a practical and cost-effective solution. However, certain challenges still need to be addressed. The adoption of sensorized seats in research and vehicle set-up is still under consideration. This study investigates an interface device that can be reconfigured to suit almost any seat model. This reconfigurability makes it easily adaptable to new vehicles under development and applicable to any passenger seat in the vehicle. This paper details the device's design, including its programming using calibration and monitoring features, which significantly improves its reliability compared to earlier prototypes. Extensive testing through real driving experiments with multiple participants demonstrated an accuracy range of 45-100\%. The testing involved both drivers and passengers, showcasing the device's ability to effectively monitor various in-car scenarios.}, language = {en} } @article{GoebelPeuckmannKundingeretal.2025, author = {G{\"o}bel, Jan-Philipp and Peuckmann, Niklas and Kundinger, Thomas and Riener, Andreas}, title = {Fusion of Driving Behavior and Monitoring System in Scenarios of Driving Under the Influence: An Experimental Approach}, volume = {15}, pages = {5302}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {10}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2076-3417}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/app15105302}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) remains a leading cause of accidents globally, with accident risk rising exponentially with blood alcohol concentration (BAC). This study aims to distinguish between sober and intoxicated drivers using driving behavior analysis and driver monitoring system (DMS), technologies that align with emerging EU regulations. In a driving simulator, twenty-three participants (average age: 32) completed five drives (one practice and two each while sober and intoxicated) on separate days across city, rural, and highway settings. Each 30-minute drive was analyzed using eye-tracking and driving behavior data. We applied significance testing and classification models to assess the data. Our study goes beyond the state of the art by a) combining data from various sensors and b) not only examining the effects of alcohol on driving behavior but also using these data to classify driver impairment. Fusing gaze and driving behavior data improved classification accuracy, with models achieving over 70\% accuracy in city and rural conditions and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network reaching up to 80\% on rural roads. Although the detection rate is, of course, still far too low for a productive system, the results nevertheless provide valuable insights for improving DUI detection technologies and enhancing road safety.}, language = {en} } @article{AgrawalBhanderiElger2025, author = {Agrawal, Shiva and Bhanderi, Savankumar and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Infra-3DRC-FusionNet: Deep Fusion of Roadside Mounted RGB Mono Camera and Three-Dimensional Automotive Radar for Traffic User Detection}, volume = {25}, pages = {3422}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {11}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s25113422}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Mono RGB cameras and automotive radar sensors provide a complementary information set that makes them excellent candidates for sensor data fusion to obtain robust traffic user detection. This has been widely used in the vehicle domain and recently introduced in roadside-mounted smart infrastructure-based road user detection. However, the performance of the most commonly used late fusion methods often degrades when the camera fails to detect road users in adverse environmental conditions. The solution is to fuse the data using deep neural networks at the early stage of the fusion pipeline to use the complete data provided by both sensors. Research has been carried out in this area, but is limited to vehicle-based sensor setups. Hence, this work proposes a novel deep neural network to jointly fuse RGB mono-camera images and 3D automotive radar point cloud data to obtain enhanced traffic user detection for the roadside-mounted smart infrastructure setup. Projected radar points are first used to generate anchors in image regions with a high likelihood of road users, including areas not visible to the camera. These anchors guide the prediction of 2D bounding boxes, object categories, and confidence scores. Valid detections are then used to segment radar points by instance, and the results are post-processed to produce final road user detections in the ground plane. The trained model is evaluated for different light and weather conditions using ground truth data from a lidar sensor. It provides a precision of 92\%, recall of 78\%, and F1-score of 85\%. The proposed deep fusion methodology has 33\%, 6\%, and 21\% absolute improvement in precision, recall, and F1-score, respectively, compared to object-level spatial fusion output.}, language = {en} } @article{AgricolaPalmJaegleetal.2025, author = {Agricola, Barbara and Palm, Frank and J{\"a}gle, Eric A. and Kerschenlohr, Annegret}, title = {Influence of alloying elements on precipitation formation and mechanical properties of Al-Cr-Mo-Sc-Zr alloys during laser powder bed fusion at room and elevated temperatures}, volume = {2025}, journal = {Journal of Materials Research and Technology}, number = {36}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Rio de Janeiro}, issn = {2238-7854}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.04.255}, pages = {6632 -- 6645}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Most of the high-strength aluminium alloys for Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) in research are based on conventional hardenable Al-Cu, Al-Mg-Si and Al-Zn-Mg alloys that have issues with hot-cracking during the L-PBF process. This study investigates the effect of alloying elements on two novel Al-Cr-Mo-Sc-Zr alloys (Scancromal® variants) with a good, crack-free processability and strength-ductility combination. A layer thickness of 100 μm was used, highlighting the high productivity and good processability of Al-Cr alloys. Heat treatments and hardness measurements were conducted to investigate peak age heat treatment and revealed a relation between Sc/Zr-ratio and peak aged temperature. SEM observations of small precipitates at grain boundaries and fracture surfaces contributed to understanding the changing fracture mechanism from less ductile (2.4-10.2\% elongation) to very ductile (14.1-19\% elongation). Tensile tests at elevated temperatures and creep tests showed a positive effect of Cr and Mo on high temperature strength. High-temperature properties, especially creep results of Al-Cr alloys and Scalmalloy® (Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr) are presented for the first time and emphasize the increased heat-resistance by Cr and Mo. The threshold stress, below which theoretically no creep should occur, of the presented Scancromal® variants is at least 5 times higher (142-189 MPa) compared to Scalmalloy® (28 MPa). A comprehensive comparison of the results to literature values of AlSi10Mg, other Al-Cr alloys and high temperature Al alloys gives valuable insight on how the aging response, microstructure, ductility and high-temperature strength of this type of alloy is influenced by its alloying elements.}, language = {en} } @article{GottwaltKubaschinskiWaltzetal.2025, author = {Gottwalt, Albin and Kubaschinski, Paul and Waltz, Manuela and Tetzlaff, Ulrich}, title = {Influence of shear cutting parameters on the edge properties and the fatigue behavior of non-oriented electrical steel sheets}, volume = {56}, journal = {Materials Science \& Engineering Technology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0933-5137}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202400094}, pages = {537 -- 548}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The fatigue behavior of a fully processed, non-oriented electrical steel sheet is investigated for different shear cutting parameters. Therefore, three cutting clearances (15 μm, 35 μm and 50 μm) in combination with two different punching tool wear states (sharp and worn) are compared regarding their mechanical properties. For this purpose, surface measurements, nanoindentation tests and stress-controlled fatigue tests with a positive load ratio are performed for all six parameter sets. During shear cutting the material gets locally strain-hardened and a deformed surface with micro-notches is created. Compared to a polished reference condition, the fatigue strength of the shear-cut sheets is severely deteriorated. However, the intensity of deterioration varies depending on the shear cutting parameters. For small cutting clearances, the highest fatigue life is observed for a sharp cutting tool. In contrast, for medium and high cutting clearances, samples that are cut with a worn tool achieve higher fatigue lives. Surface characteristics in the fracture zone, which act as a failure-critical crack location, are considered as the main influencing factor.}, language = {en} } @article{PaceBrunoSchwarz2025, author = {Pace, Lisa A. and Bruno, Carmen and Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {Personas in scenario building: Integrating human-centred design methods in foresight}, volume = {2025}, pages = {103539}, journal = {Futures}, number = {166}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-6378}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2025.103539}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This paper contributes to integrating human-centred design approaches in foresight. We emphasize design thinking as an approach that incorporates user-centred concepts and artefacts, enabling the creation and visualization of potential futures and mediating the exploration of new perspectives and areas of intervention for innovation. However, there is limited discussion in the foresight literature on the meaningful application of design approaches. We focus on the persona method and its roles and applications in scenario building. To be meaningful in scenario building, personas need to appropriately integrate users' future needs, expectations and behaviours that shape and in turn are shaped by contexts that are yet to be realised. Based on an analysis of published case studies, the paper underscores the role of personas in fostering creative imagination, enhancing scenario engagement, and prospective sensemaking beyond their application as a storytelling vehicle in scenarios. We link persona characteristics and design to their roles in scenario building, allowing design and foresight practitioners the flexibility to tailor the persona approach to different contexts and critically assess the underlying limitations. From this, we provide recommendations for incorporating personas in scenario building and conclude with suggestions for future research.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzSchroppWachetal.2025, author = {Schwarz, Jan Oliver and Schropp, Theresa Constanze and Wach, Bernhard and Buder, Fabian}, title = {Do internal foresight activities add value to decision-making? Insights from an empirical investigation}, volume = {2025}, pages = {103548}, journal = {Futures}, number = {166}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0016-3287}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2025.103548}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In a large empirical investigation of 400 managers in large U.S. and European corporations, we shed light on the effects of internal strategic foresight activities for decision-making, asking whether and how firms' internal foresight activities add value to their decision-making. Enabling and supporting strategy conversations is conceptualized here as a central activity of strategic foresight. Our empirical investigation demonstrates that internal foresight activities have a significant and positive effect on strategy conversations within a firm. Against the assumptions of previous research, however, we cannot confirm the positive influence of strategy conversations in general on challenging the status quo in a firm or the overall helpfulness of strategic foresight activities in the context of decision-making. Future research should delve deeper into organizational studies to gain a more nuanced understanding of the processes and factors influencing future-oriented decision-making, as well as identifying key enablers that facilitate these decisions.}, language = {en} } @article{MohanAhuirTorresKotadiaetal.2025, author = {Mohan, Nihesh and Ahuir-Torres, Juan Ignacio and Kotadia, Hiren R. and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Laser sintering of Cu particle-free inks for high-performance printed electronics}, volume = {9}, pages = {18}, journal = {npj Flexible Electronics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {London}, issn = {2397-4621}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00389-5}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This study investigates laser sintering of Cu particle-free ink (Cu formate tetrahydrate—amino-2-propanol complex) as an alternative to conventional sintering in an oven (under inert/reducing atmosphere). Utilizing benefits of high-speed localized heating using laser, substrate damage can be prevented for low-melting substrates such as Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). Firstly, a suitable sintering process window is achieved based on energy density for two different flexible polymeric susbtrates: Polyimide and PET using different laser parameters (laser power, scan rate and spot diameter). Subsequently, characterization of laser sintered traces are also made using different laser optic profiles (Gaussian and top hat). Different methodologies for fabrication of metallized Cu layer were also demonstrated. A very low bulk resistivity of 3.24 µΩcm (1.87 times of bulk Cu) was achieved on trace thickness of 0.85 ± 0.15 µm exhibiting good adherence to polymeric substrates. A promising fabrication process of low-cost and reliable flexible printed electronic devices is demonstrated.}, language = {en} } @article{StoettnerHanzlTerbracketal.2025, author = {St{\"o}ttner, Julia and Hanzl, Christian and Terbrack, Christoph and Endisch, Christian}, title = {Holistic evaluation and optimization of multilevel inverter designs for electric vehicle applications}, volume = {2025}, journal = {Energy Reports}, number = {13}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2352-4847}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2025.03.001}, pages = {3561 -- 3573}, year = {2025}, abstract = {To advance the development of multilevel inverters (MLIs) for electric vehicle applications, this study introduces novel asymmetric MLI (AMLI) configurations featuring buffer modules to enhance efficiency. A comprehensive comparative analysis of 125 distinct inverter systems is conducted, integrating five different microtopologies and 25 representative symmetrical MLI (SMLI) and AMLI systems. Unlike previous studies, this work employs a successive design process with a graph-based approach to systematically minimize conduction losses. Furthermore, experimental loss measurements ensure practical relevance. By applying Pareto optimization with cost, energy losses, and total harmonic distortion as objective functions, the study identifies the most promising MLI systems among all considered ones. While the cascaded H-bridge MLI emerges as the most cost-effective solution, specific SMLI configurations with 12 or 18 battery cells per module and AMLI designs featuring buffer modules exhibit lower inverter losses. In both cases, the incorporation of microtopologies that enable parallel operation leads to a remarkable reduction in inverter losses by more than 30 \% compared to the least efficient MLI systems. Finally, a comparative assessment against a conventional B6-bridge SiC inverter highlights the significant advantages of these optimized MLI configurations in terms of efficiency and system performance.}, language = {en} } @article{KaufholdMentlerNestleretal.2025, author = {Kaufhold, Marc-Andr{\´e} and Mentler, Tilo and Nestler, Simon and Reuter, Christian}, title = {The tension of usable safety, security and privacy}, volume = {24}, journal = {i-com: Journal of Interactive Media}, number = {1}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2196-6826}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/icom-2025-0009}, pages = {1 -- 7}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Local disasters such as the Ahr Valley flood in Germany, the international backdrop of the Russo-Ukrainian War, or the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic place high demands on the people and organisations that are involved in these situations and contexts to save lives, mitigate damage, provide comfort, or organise reconstruction. Novel technologies are constantly making their way into everyday life, such as artificial intelligence, big data, decentralised networks, internet of things, or virtual reality. Their adaptation, acceptance, usability, usefulness, and legal framework conditions for safety-critical systems must be researched and tested thoroughly. In this special issue, we investigate the use of computer-based solutions in areas and situations of direct relevance to people's lives and well-being (Usable Safety), as well as contributions to user-oriented resilience concepts of sociotechnical systems concerning potential attacks (Usable Security) and data protection mechanisms (Usable Privacy).}, language = {en} } @unpublished{PetrovskaErjiageKugele2025, author = {Petrovska, Ana and Erjiage, Guan and Kugele, Stefan}, title = {Defining Self-adaptive Systems: A Systematic Literature Review}, publisher = {arXiv}, address = {Ithaca}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.17798}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In the last two decades, the popularity of self-adaptive systems in the field of software and systems engineering has drastically increased. However, despite the extensive work on self-adaptive systems, the literature still lacks a common agreement on the definition of these systems. To this day, the notion of self-adaptive systems is mainly used intuitively without a precise understanding of the terminology. Using terminology only by intuition does not suffice, especially in engineering and science, where a more rigorous definition is necessary. In this paper, we investigate the existing formal definitions of self-adaptive systems and how these systems are characterised across the literature. Additionally, we analyse and summarise the limitations of the existing formal definitions in order to understand why none of the existing formal definitions is used more broadly by the community. To achieve this, we have conducted a systematic literature review in which we have analysed over 1400 papers related to self-adaptive systems. Concretely, from an initial pool of 1493 papers, we have selected 314 relevant papers, which resulted in nine primary studies whose primary objective was to define self-adaptive systems formally. Our systematic review reveals that although there has been an increasing interest in self-adaptive systems over the years, there is a scarcity of efforts to define these systems formally. Finally, as part of this paper, based on the analysed primary studies, we also elicit requirements and set a foundation for a potential (formal) definition in the future that is accepted by the community on a broader range.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{RamicKugele2025, author = {Ramic, Amra and Kugele, Stefan}, title = {A Systematic Mapping Study on Software Architecture for AI-based Mobility Systems}, publisher = {arXiv}, address = {Ithaca}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.01595}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Background: Due to their diversity, complexity, and above all importance, safety-critical and dependable systems must be developed with special diligence. Criticality increases as these systems likely contain artificial intelligence (AI) components known for their uncertainty. As software and reference architectures form the backbone of any successful system, including safety-critical dependable systems with learning-enabled components, choosing the suitable architecture that guarantees safety despite uncertainties is of great eminence. Aim: We aim to provide the missing overview of all existing architectures, their contribution to safety, and their level of maturity in AI-based safety-critical systems. Method: To achieve this aim, we report a systematic mapping study. From a set of 1,639 primary studies, we selected 38 relevant studies dealing with safety assurance through software architecture in AI-based safety-critical systems. The selected studies were then examined using various criteria to answer the research questions and identify gaps in this area of research. Results: Our findings showed which architectures have been proposed and to what extent they have been implemented. Furthermore, we identified gaps in different application areas of those systems and explained these gaps with various arguments. Conclusion: As the AI trend continues to grow, the system complexity will inevitably increase, too. To ensure the lasting safety of the systems, we provide an overview of the state of the art, intending to identify best practices and research gaps and direct future research more focused.}, language = {en} } @article{MohanSteinbergerWaechteretal.2025, author = {Mohan, Nihesh and Steinberger, Fabian and W{\"a}chter, Sonja and Erdogan, H{\"u}seyin and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Additive Manufacturing for Automotive Radar Sensors Using Copper Inks and Pastes}, volume = {15}, pages = {2676}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {5}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2076-3417}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/app15052676}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Radar sensors are critical for obstacle detection and navigation, especially for automated driving. Using the use-case "printing of heating coils on the inside of the front housing (primary radome)" needed for de-icing in winter, it is demonstrated that additive manufacturing (AM) can provide economic and functional benefits for manufacturing of the sensors. AM will allow significant cost reduction by eliminating parts and simplifying the manufacturing process. Different AM technologies for the coils were investigated, first, by applying the conductive traces by fused deposition modeling (FDM), and, second, by printing copper particle-free inks and pastes. The metal layers were electrically and mechanically characterized using a profilometer to measure the trace dimension and a four-point probe to measure the resistance. It was revealed that low-cost conductive filaments with low resistivity and current carrying capacity are commercially still not available. The best option sourced was a copper-polyester-based filament with 6000 µΩcm after printing. Therefore, low-cost particle-free copper inks and commercial copper flake paste were selected to print the heating coil. The Cu particle-free inks were amine-based Cu (II) formate complexes, where the Cu exists in an ionic form. Using contactless printing processes such as ink-jet printing or pneumatic dispensing, the traces could be deposited onto the low-melting temperature (225 °C) polymeric radome structure. After printing, the material needed to be sintered to form the conductive copper traces. To avoid damaging the polymer radome during sintering, two different processes were investigated: low-temperature (<150 °C) sintering in an oven for 30 min or fast laser sintering. The sintered Cu layers achieved the following specific electric resistivities when slowly sintered in the oven: paste 4 µΩcm and ink 8.8 µΩcm. Using laser sintering, the ink achieved 3.2 µΩcm because the locally high temperature provides better sintering. Also, the adhesion was significantly increased to (5 B). Therefore, laser sintering is the preferred technology. In addition, it allows fast processing directly after printing. Commercial equipment is available where printing and laser sintering is integrated. The potential of low-cost copper material and the integration in additive manufacturing of electronic systems using radar sensors as an example are demonstrated in this paper.}, language = {en} } @article{Bednarz2025, author = {Bednarz, Martin}, title = {Die Casting or Sheet Metal Forming: A Comparison of Car Body Manufacturing in Times of the "Giga Press"}, volume = {19}, journal = {Tehnički glasnik}, number = {1}, publisher = {University North}, address = {Koprivnica}, issn = {1848-5588}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.31803/tg-20240510165209}, pages = {58 -- 61}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Die casting as an alternative for sheet metal structures in car body design has been around for a few years. While the application of die cast body components by legacy automakers is rather limited, especially for mass market products, Tesla bases their mass-produced cars on a few extremely big die cast structure parts. The impact of this strategy makes it necessary to rethink car body manufacturing. In this study, published information and expert interviews are used to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the competing philosophies of car body manufacturing.}, language = {en} } @article{GueldaliDeRoseMittagetal.2025, author = {G{\"u}ldali, Derya and De Rose, Angela and Mittag, Max and Gr{\"u}bel, Benjamin and Neuhaus, Holger and Tetzlaff, Ulrich}, title = {Interconnection of low-temperature metallization on silicon solar cells - The role of silver in tin-bismuth-based solder alloys}, volume = {2025}, pages = {113488}, journal = {Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells}, number = {285}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1879-3398}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113488}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This study investigates the potential of tin-bismuth (SnBi) alloys micro-alloyed with silver (Ag) to enhance low-temperature (LT) soldering for photovoltaic (PV) modules. The primary focus is on addressing challenges such as intermetallic compound (IMC) formation, which can compromise mechanical strength and durability under thermal cycling, thereby improving the long-term stability of solder joints. A systematic investigation of the influence of the Ag amount is being conducted with the intention to find the optimal alloy composition for SnBi solder joints on LT metallization contacts. The objective is to provide a cost-effective, lead-free alternative for the interconnection of temperature-sensitive solar cells like silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells. The findings illustrate that the addition of 0.4 \%wt. Ag notably enhances the wettability and initial mechanical strength of the solder. An increase in the Ag content to 1.0 \%wt. results in an excessive growth of IMC, which in turn leads to increased brittleness and potential long-term stability issues of the solder joint. Thermal cycling tests demonstrate that modules soldered with SnBiAg0.4 exhibited less than -5 \% loss in power. This composition represents an optimal balance between performance and cost. These findings show the potential of SnBiAg0.4 as a suitable solder alloy regarding long-term stability and electrical performance for interconnection of LT metallization contacts of solar cells in PV module manufacturing.}, language = {en} } @article{SchreiberLinSommeretal.2025, author = {Schreiber, Markus and Lin, Yilei and Sommer, Alessandro and Wassiliadis, Nikolaos and Morales Torricos, Pablo and Rogge, Marcel and Lewerenz, Meinert and Grosu, Cristina and Endisch, Christian and Jossen, Andreas and Lienkamp, Markus}, title = {Apparent vs. true battery aging: Impact of various load characteristics on accelerated aging tests}, volume = {2025}, pages = {116924}, journal = {Journal of Energy Storage}, number = {127}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2352-1538}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2025.116924}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Vehicle applications involve highly dynamic and variable operating conditions. These result from changing driving profiles and diverse driving behaviors. To accelerate battery aging tests, experiments are often based on constant load cycles. While efficient, this approach distorts the natural degradation behavior of the cells. This study compares cell aging under real-world and laboratory load conditions. For this purpose, we compare realistic driving profiles measured in a test vehicle in the field with synthetic constant power cycles. Average discharge power and charging sequences are kept identical for comparability. Results show that constant power cycles cause stronger cell aging than dynamic loads. Differential voltage analysis indicates more lithium inventory loss and active material loss at the negative electrode under static loads. Static loading also leads to strong inhomogeneity in the negative electrode and altered charge transfer and diffusion kinetics, as shown by impedance data. After 15 months of rest, the cells recovered up to 52 of lost capacity and 66 of the resistance increase. Impedance assessment and differential voltage analysis confirm the recovery and rehomogenization of the negative electrode. These findings show that conventional accelerated tests are strongly influenced by relaxation and load dynamics. As a result, their applicability to specific use cases, such as automotive applications, is strongly limited . Therefore, andraditional test strategies require reconsideration and redesign.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{deLimaLuizKurlekarGeorges2025, author = {de Lima Luiz, Anderson and Kurlekar, Shubham Vijay and Georges, Munir}, title = {Scalable engine and the performance of different LLM models in a SLURM based HPC architecture}, booktitle = {Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2025: Tagungsband der 36. Konferenz Halle/Saale, 5.-7. M{\"a}rz 2025}, editor = {Grawunder, Sven}, publisher = {TUDpress}, address = {Dresden}, isbn = {978-3-95908-803-9}, url = {https://www.essv.de/paper.php?id=1265}, pages = {297 -- 304}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LiuSrinivasaganGeorges2025, author = {Liu, Huiyu and Srinivasagan, Gokul and Georges, Munir}, title = {Real-time audio transcriber for language barrier-free classrooms}, booktitle = {Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2025: Tagungsband der 36. Konferenz Halle/Saale, 5.-7. M{\"a}rz 2025}, editor = {Grawunder, Sven}, publisher = {TUDpress}, address = {Dresden}, isbn = {978-3-95908-803-9}, url = {https://www.essv.de/paper.php?id=1247}, pages = {146 -- 154}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoddudeLimaLuizGeorges2025, author = {Boddu, Raviteja and de Lima Luiz, Anderson and Georges, Munir}, title = {Significance-based summarization for lecture recordings: a multi-modal perspective}, booktitle = {Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2025: Tagungsband der 36. Konferenz Halle/Saale, 5.-7. M{\"a}rz 2025}, editor = {Grawunder, Sven}, publisher = {TUDpress}, address = {Dresden}, isbn = {978-3-95908-803-9}, url = {https://www.essv.de/paper.php?id=1240}, pages = {93 -- 100}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DietlFacchi2025, author = {Dietl, Laura and Facchi, Christian}, title = {Is Maximum Entropy Deep Inverse Reinforcement Learning Suitable for Pedestrian Path Prediction?}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd Cognitive Mobility Conference}, editor = {Z{\"o}ldy, M{\´a}t{\´e}}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-81799-1}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81799-1_20}, pages = {215 -- 229}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ZhangGernerIlicetal.2025, author = {Zhang, Yunfei and Gerner, Jeremias and Ilic, Mario and Schmidtner, Stefanie and Bogenberger, Klaus}, title = {Autonomous Vehicles as Sensors: Traffic State Estimation}, pages = {TRBAM-25-06186}, booktitle = {104th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB)}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, address = {Washington}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{deLimaLuizBodduGeorges2025, author = {de Lima Luiz, Anderson and Boddu, Raviteja and Georges, Munir}, title = {Evaluating Snippet Significance: A Framework for Audio and Text-Based Dialogue Summarization}, booktitle = {ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Conference Proceedings}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3503-6874-1}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP49660.2025.10888790}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @article{GlaasPhamKuonathetal.2025, author = {Glaas, Saskia and Pham, Huong and Kuonath, Angela and Frey, Dieter}, title = {Thriving or Withdrawing: How Job Crafting and Disengagement Shape Responses to Daily Laissez-faire Leadership}, journal = {Journal of Business and Psychology}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1573-353X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-025-10056-1}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Although laissez-faire leadership is common in organizations and has been linked to detrimental effects on employees, little is known about its daily effects and how employees cope with this type of behavior. Drawing on the job demands-resources model and using a daily diary design, we examine the daily effects of laissez-faire leadership depending on followers' coping styles, capturing both adaptive and maladaptive responses. Specifically, we argue that the negative effect of laissez-faire leadership on next-day performance via evening job satisfaction is mitigated on days that followers engage in job crafting, while it is amplified on days that followers engage in disengagement coping. We collected data twice a day over one working week in an experience sampling study with 127 employees (i.e., after work and before bedtime; 359 data points). Our findings revealed no direct effect of laissez-faire leadership. However, there was a positive indirect effect of laissez-faire leadership on next-day performance via evening job satisfaction on days when employees engaged in high levels of job crafting, supporting its hypothesized beneficial effect. Conversely, as hypothesized, a negative indirect effect was observed on days when disengagement coping was high. By identifying the mixed effects of laissez-faire leadership, this study offers a fresh perspective that challenges the dominant view of its uniformly negative consequences, revealing how its downstream effects vary within individuals depending on their daily coping strategies.}, language = {en} } @article{AzzamAydinEndischetal.2025, author = {Azzam, Mohamed and Aydin, Atakhan and Endisch, Christian and Sauer, Dirk Uwe and Lewerenz, Meinert}, title = {Float Current Analysis for Lithium-Ion Battery Aging: Insights into SEI Growth and Cathode Lithiation with EIS and ICP OES}, volume = {172}, pages = {070529}, journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society}, number = {7}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1945-7111}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/adef85}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This study investigates calendar-aging mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries, focusing on cathode lithiation due to decomposition of conductive salt and SEI growth, by correlating quantified float currents, capacity loss rates, and pulse resistances with changes in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectra. Seven SamSung 25 R cells are aged at different float voltages with periodic EIS measurements at 30 °C. Using a pre-characterization cell, the internal processes via EIS are allocated across various states of charge and temperatures and GITT measurements are performed to derive scaling factors. GITT, float currents and capacity loss rate measurements at 30 °C enables the separation of SEI growth ISEI growth and cathode lithiation current ICL based on float current behavior across a temperature range of 5 °C to 50 °C. The distribution of relaxation times (DRT) method is employed to deconvolute overlapping electrochemical processes. EIS and DRT analyses showed significant changes in cathode charge transfer resistance and diffusion, confirming that cathode lithiation correlates substantially to elevated internal resistance at high cell voltages. The theory of ISEI growth and ICL is further supported using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy by quantifying elemental inventory changes and linking phosphorus release and lithium consumption to degradation mechanisms.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Schoenmann2025, author = {Sch{\"o}nmann, Alexander}, title = {Transformation Needs Adoption: A Conceptual Framework to Develop Technology Implementation Strategies}, booktitle = {Production at the Leading Edge of Technology: Proceedings of the 14th Congress of the German Academic Association for Production Technology (WGP), Chemnitz University of Technology, December 2024}, editor = {Drossel, Welf-Guntram and Ihlenfeldt, Steffen and Dix, Martin}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-86893-1}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86893-1_68}, pages = {627 -- 635}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @article{MehtaZoerner2025, author = {Mehta, Kedar and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried}, title = {Optimizing Agri-PV System: Systematic Methodology to Assess Key Design Parameters}, volume = {18}, pages = {3877}, journal = {Energies}, number = {14}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/en18143877}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Agrivoltaic (Agri-PV) systems face the critical challenge of balancing photovoltaic energy generation with crop productivity, yet systematic approaches to quantifying the trade-offs between these objectives remain scarce. In this study, we identify nine essential design indicators: panel tilt angle, elevation, photovoltaic coverage ratio, shading factor, land equivalent ratio, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) utilization, crop yield stability index, water use efficiency, and return on investment. We introduce a novel dual matrix Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate their relative significance. An international panel of eighteen Agri-PV experts, encompassing academia, industry, and policy, provided pairwise comparisons of these indicators under two objectives: maximizing annual energy yield and sustaining crop output. The high consistency observed in expert responses allowed for the derivation of normalized weight vectors, which form the basis of two Weighted Influence Matrices. Analysis of Total Weighted Influence scores from these matrices reveal distinct priority sets: panel tilt, coverage ratio, and elevation are most influential for energy optimization, while PAR utilization, yield stability, and elevation are prioritized for crop productivity. This methodology translates qualitative expert knowledge into quantitative, actionable guidance, clearly delineating both synergies, such as the mutual benefit of increased elevation for energy and crop outcomes, and trade-offs, exemplified by the negative impact of high photovoltaic coverage on crop yield despite gains in energy output. By offering a transparent, expert-driven decision-support tool, this framework enables practitioners to customize Agri-PV system configurations according to local climatic, agronomic, and economic contexts. Ultimately, this approach advances the optimization of the food energy nexus and supports integrated sustainability outcomes in Agri-PV deployment.}, language = {en} } @article{LabandStoecklMittreiteretal.2025, author = {Laband, Dana Laureen and St{\"o}ckl, Martin and Mittreiter, Annedore and Holzhammer, Uwe}, title = {Barrier Analysis of Flexibilization of Cooling Supply Systems}, volume = {18}, pages = {4133}, journal = {Energies}, number = {15}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154133}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The present study examines the barriers that prevent cooling system flexibility from being optimized. In the context of an increasing reliance on renewable energy sources, the necessity for flexible energy utilization is becoming increasingly apparent. A survey and discussion groups were conducted with various stakeholders within the cooling value chain to obtain their experiences and insights regarding barriers to flexibilization. The findings point out that economic, technological, and regulatory barriers are the primary factors impeding the implementation of flexible solutions. In particular, high investment costs, complex technical implementation, a lack of information, and a complicated legal framework were identified as significant impediments. To enhance the flexibility of cooling systems, coordinated efforts are necessary to address these barriers. Practical examples, training, and the standardization and digitalization of processes could facilitate the widespread implementation of flexible cooling systems.}, language = {en} } @article{LuetzowKochdumperAlthoff2025, author = {L{\"u}tzow, Laura and Kochdumper, Niklas and Althoff, Matthias}, title = {Underapproximative Methods for the Order Reduction of Zonotopes}, volume = {9}, journal = {IEEE Control Systems Letters}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {2475-1456}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/LCSYS.2025.3577642}, pages = {1730 -- 1735}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Zonotopes are a widely used set representation in set-based computations due to their compact representation size and their closure under many relevant set operations. However, certain set operations, such as the Minkowski sum, increase the zonotope order, which in turn increases the computational cost of further computations. To address this issue, various order reduction techniques have been proposed, most of which focus on overapproximating the original zonotope. While overapproximations are crucial for safety verification, some applications - such as reachset-conformant identification and backward reachability analysis - require underapproximations (also referred to as inner-approximations). Besides providing a comprehensive survey of existing underapproximative order reduction methods, we propose four novel reduction methods in this letter. We analyze the computational cost of all methods and evaluate the tightness of the resulting underapproximations through numerical experiments on more than 2000 randomly generated zonotopes. The results demonstrate that our proposed methods achieve a favorable balance between computational efficiency and approximation accuracy, making them well-suited for applications in control, estimation, and system identification.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RossbergNeumeierHasirliogluetal.2025, author = {Roßberg, Niklas and Neumeier, Marion and Hasirlioglu, Sinan and Bouzouraa, Mohamed Essayed and Botsch, Michael}, title = {Assessing the Completeness of Traffic Scenario Categories for Automated Highway Driving Functions via Cluster-Based Analysis}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3315-3803-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IV64158.2025.11097767}, pages = {1787 -- 1794}, year = {2025}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KochdumperFoughaliHabermehletal.2025, author = {Kochdumper, Niklas and Foughali, Mohammed and Habermehl, Peter and Asarin, Eugene}, title = {Robust Identification of Hybrid Automata from Noisy Data}, pages = {11}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, part of CPS-IoT Week}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-1504-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3716863.3718030}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In recent years, many different methods for identifying hybrid automata from data have been proposed. However, most of these methods consider clean simulator data, and consequently do not perform well for noisy data measured from real systems. We address this shortcoming with a new approach for the identification of hybrid automata that is specifically designed to be robust to noise. In particular, we propose a new high-level strategy consisting of the following three steps: clustering based on the dynamics identified from a local dataset, state space partitioning using decision trees, and conversion of the decision tree to a hybrid automaton. In addition, we introduce several new concepts for the realization of the single steps. For example, we propose an automated regularization of the dynamic models used for clustering via rank adaption, as well as a new variant of the Gini impurity index for decision tree learning, tailored toward hybrid systems where different dynamics can be active within the same state space region. As our experiments on 19 challenging benchmarks with different characteristics demonstrate, in addition to being robust to both process and measurement noise, our approach avoids the need for extensive hyper-parameter tuning and also performs well for clean data without noise.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BakHekalKochdumperetal.2025, author = {Bak, Stanley and Hekal, Abdelrahman and Kochdumper, Niklas and Lew, Ethan and Mata, Andrew and Rahmati, Amir}, title = {Fast Koopman Surrogate Falsification Using Linear Relaxations and Weights}, booktitle = {Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis: 22nd International Symposium, ATVA 2024, Kyoto, Japan, October 21-25, 2024, Proceedings, Part II}, editor = {Akshay, S. and Niemetz, Aina and Sankaranarayanan, Sriram}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-78750-8}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78750-8_12}, pages = {234 -- 255}, year = {2025}, language = {en} }