@thesis{Dietl2024, author = {Dietl, Laura}, title = {Inverse soft actor-critic imitation learning for pedestrian trajectory prediction}, publisher = {Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt}, address = {Ingolstadt}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:573-53401}, pages = {IV, 99}, school = {Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Pedestrian trajectory prediction has the potential to enhance safety in everyday traffic situations. By utilizing Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication pedestrians will be able to communicate their intended future trajectory with other road users. Thus, enabling other road users to adapt their path accordingly, e.g., to avoid collisions. Due to the inherent multimodality of future paths, the impact of the social and environmental context, and the influence of personal factors on a person's behavior, pedestrian trajectory prediction is a difficult endeavor. In light of these challenges, this thesis' objective was to develop a pedestrian trajectory prediction model capable of generating realistic multimodal trajectories for environments that closely resemble everyday traffic scenarios. This was achieved by training a model using the Inverse Soft-Q Learning (IQLearn) algorithm, which adapts the Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) approach for use in addressing Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) problems. As far as the author is aware, this was the first time of IQLearn being applied for path prediction. For model training the Stanford Drone Dataset (SDD), a prominent real world dataset, was employed. The dataset analysis reveals characteristics that must be considered during the development and evaluation of a model. Furthermore, a novel difficulty classification scheme helps to gain insight into the pedestrian paths' complexity distribution within the dataset. It is based on the trajectories' velocity, heading, number of starts and stops, and the newly developed social context measure, which gauges the level of attention a person must pay to their local neighbors. It shows that the SDD mostly contains simpler trajectories with only a small portion being complex and containing outlier behavior. Evaluating the model on the SDD shows that it: can compete with popular benchmark models based on common metrics; is able to predominantly predict three general types of paths, i.e., small bends, linear and stationary behavior, indicating that it learned a generalized representation of the trajectories within the training dataset; and is not able to generate multimodal paths, as it predicts future samples with only minor deviations from one another instead of a diverse range of realistic trajectories. The dataset, which contains primarily simpler paths, lacks the required complexity for the model to anticipate outlier behaviors. Instead, it often completes the trajectories in a logical manner, adhering to the constraints of the environment.}, language = {en} } @book{vonHeldSchwarz2024, author = {von Held, Felix and Schwarz, Jan Oliver}, title = {Robust Leadership}, subtitle = {Sicheres F{\"u}hren in unsicheren Zeiten}, publisher = {Frankfurter Allegmeine Buch}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, isbn = {978-3-96251-205-7}, pages = {159}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{UlreichKaupEbert2024, author = {Ulreich, Fabian and Kaup, Andr{\´e} and Ebert, Martin}, title = {Uncertainty Quantification for Adaptive Measurement Noise in Kalman Filter Based Object Tracking}, booktitle = {2024 Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3315-2744-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/SDF63218.2024.10773809}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RodriguezArozamenaMatutePerezetal.2024, author = {Rodr{\´i}guez-Arozamena, Mario and Matute, Jose and P{\´e}rez, Joshu{\´e} and Ozbay, Burcu and Tezcan, Deryanur and Begecarslan, Enes and Mutlukaya, Irem and Mayer, Kevin and Volkersdorfer, Tina and Hof, Hans-Joachim}, title = {TRA2024 Poster - A Fail-Safe Decision Architecture for CCAM Applications}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Transport Research Arena (TRA2024) Conference}, publisher = {Zenodo}, address = {Genf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10995953}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MichahellesRienerGrundeletal.2024, author = {Michahelles, Florian and Riener, Andreas and Grundel, Ida and Boztepe, Suzan and Trygg, Kristina and Israel, Habakuk and Pfleging, Bastian and Veenstra, Mettina and Wintersberger, Philipp}, title = {Urban-Engage: Pioneering Urban Planning with Citizen-Driven 15-Minute City Solutions}, booktitle = {Mensch und Computer 2024 - Workshopband}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Bonn}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2024-mci-ws16-393}, year = {2024}, abstract = {We propose an innovative approach to empower urban planners by integrating comprehensive and qualified citizen input into the planning of the 15-minute city (15mC) through immersive digital technologies. Our methodology includes (1) enabling citizens to annotate their real environment using augmented reality, (2) generating urban space alternatives based on generative AI and citizen annotations, (3) allowing modifications to AI-generated alternatives, (4) providing immersive 3D simulation environments for experiencing these alternatives, and (5) facilitating better negotiation between citizens and political players to identify the optimal solution. This process aims to account for diverse stakeholder interests, ensuring inclusive contributions and an experiential understanding of potential urban adaptation.}, language = {en} } @article{SalehElagroudyLukowiczetal.2024, author = {Saleh, Mennatallah and Elagroudy, Passant and Lukowicz, Paul and Sturm, Christian}, title = {Ghost Readers of the Nile: Decrypting Password Sharing Habits in Chatting Applications among Egyptian Women}, volume = {8}, pages = {261}, journal = {Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction}, number = {MHCI}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, issn = {2573-0142}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3676506}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SturmWhiteWongVillacresetal.2024, author = {Sturm, Christian and White, Edward Peter Greenwood and Wong-Villacres, Marisol and Densmore, Melissa and Moreno Rocha, Mario A and Mart{\´i}nez, Carlos Alberto and Collazos, C{\´e}sar and Jere, Nobert Rangarirai and Mon, Alicia Am}, title = {Student Design Competitions as an Awareness-building activity for HCI in the Global South}, pages = {530}, booktitle = {CHI'24: Extended Abstracts of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, editor = {Mueller, Florian 'Floyd' and Kyburz, Penny and Williamson, Julie R. and Sas, Corina}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0331-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3613905.3637105}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inbook{Bechthold2024, author = {Bechthold, Laura}, title = {{\"U}ber die Kraft des Zweifels und wahren Fortschritt}, booktitle = {Das große Buch der Strategie: Von der Reformation bis zur digitalen Transformation}, subtitle = {Wie sich die Generation Y mit Vordenkern aus der ganzen Welt auf die Suche nach einer erstrebenswerten Zukunft machte.}, editor = {Wreschniok, Robert}, publisher = {Franz Vahlen}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-8006-7198-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.15358/9783800671984-136}, pages = {136 -- 155}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{FritzKraussHof2024, author = {Fritz, Mario and Krauß, Christoph and Hof, Hans-Joachim}, title = {CSCS '24 - Cyber Security in CarS Workshop}, booktitle = {CCS '24: Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York}, isbn = {979-8-4007-0636-3}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3658644.3691551}, pages = {4914 -- 4916}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @article{LexMargullMaderetal.2024, author = {Lex, Johannes and Margull, Ulrich and Mader, Ralph and Fey, Dietmar}, title = {HyFAR: A hypervisor-based fault tolerance approach for heterogeneous automotive real-time systems}, volume = {2024}, pages = {103263}, journal = {Journal of Systems Architecture}, number = {156}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1383-7621}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2024.103263}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Fault tolerance is a key aspect for fully autonomous vehicles, as there is no human driver available to take control of the vehicle as a backup. Such autonomous vehicles incorporate signal-oriented and service-oriented hardware and software architectures within one heterogeneous real-time system. Fault tolerance is commonly achieved by adding redundant Electronic Control Units (ECUs) to the system. However, redundant ECUs increase the weight, cost and power consumption of the system. This paper presents a novel hypervisor-based fault tolerance approach for automotive real-time systems (HyFAR), which is based on the largely unexplored concept of migrating software in a highly heterogeneous real-time system using virtualization technology. It is shown, that the fault tolerance of an automotive vehicle can be enhanced in a cost-effective way without the need of additional hardware. The process of recovering critical service-oriented software using a signal-oriented hardware and vice versa is examined. This paper gives a detailed overview of the effects of emulation, virtualization, separation and the type of the hypervisor towards the recovery time and the freedom from interference of signal-oriented and service-oriented software. The results demonstrate that recovering critical service-oriented software using signal-oriented hardware is limited due to missing middle-ware and virtualization support and resource scarcity. However, recovering critical signal-oriented software using a service-oriented hardware is feasible, while a subset of the original service-oriented software can be continued on the same hardware. The resulting approach can be applied to a range of applications including thermal management or lane departure warning.}, language = {en} } @article{LwakatareVyavahareMehtaetal.2024, author = {Lwakatare, Bertha and Vyavahare, Priyanka and Mehta, Kedar and Z{\"o}rner, Wilfried}, title = {Electrification Planning for Off-Grid Communities in Sub-Saharan Africa: Advancing Energy Access}, volume = {17}, pages = {5994}, journal = {Energies}, number = {23}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/en17235994}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Sub-Saharan Africa, especially its rural areas, faces significant challenges in achieving universal electrification despite its abundant renewable energy resources. The region has the highest population without access to electricity, largely due to economic, infrastructural, and geographical barriers. Energy poverty is a critical issue that hinders sustainable development and exacerbates inequalities. Namibia's sustainable energy policy aligns with the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 7, which aims to provide affordable and reliable modern energy access for all. The policy emphasizes mini-grids and decentralized power systems as key strategies for rural electrification. However, despite increased deployment of mini-grids, these solutions often struggle with long-term sustainability. This research explores cost-effective electrification strategies through scenario-based modeling to reduce energy poverty and expand energy access in Namibia's rural communities, focusing on the existing mini-grids in Tsumkwe and Gam. Using a comprehensive methodology that incorporates HOMER Pro for mini-grid capacity expansion and MS Excel for evaluating main-grid extensions, this study aims to identify the most feasible and economical electrification solutions. The analysis compares electricity supply, total net present cost, and the levelized cost of electricity across these systems. The findings will offer insights into addressing energy poverty in Namibia and provide recommendations for sustainable and scalable rural electrification across Sub-Saharan Africa.}, language = {en} } @article{LohrTrauthSchukraftetal.2024, author = {Lohr, Christoph and Trauth, Anna and Schukraft, Jo{\´e}l and Leher, S. and Weidenmann, Kay Andr{\´e}}, title = {Investigation on the recycling potential of additively manufactured carbon fiber reinforced PA 6.6}, volume = {2025}, pages = {118683}, journal = {Composite Structures}, number = {352}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1879-1085}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118683}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) are already used in a wide range of applications such as automotive, aerospace and renewable energy industries and demand on this material class is increasing steadily. As demand increases, the amount of CFRP waste, either from production or at the end of life of components, increases simultaneously and sustainable solutions such as disposal, reuse or recycling of fiber reinforced materials getting more and more important. In this paper one possibility for recycling short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6.6 (CF/PA 6.6) is presented. The recycling process includes shredding of the material, drying and filament extrusion to enable a reuse of the material with an additive manufacturing process. The focus of this investigation is on the mechanical properties of the recycled filaments itself as well as on the 3D printed specimen considered recycled filaments. The properties at different stages of the short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6.6 recycling process were investigated, including the juvenile CF/PA 6.6 as well as specimens made from one- or two-times recycled material. Mechanical performance was evaluated by tensile, bending and impact testing. Experimental results pointed out that no significant difference in performance of juvenile and recycled materials was observed for tensile and flexural loads. The impact strength of the recycled specimen decreased to a small extent.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HerranenHenrikssonChanetal.2024, author = {Herranen, Tuomas and Henriksson, Erik and Chan, Pak Hung and Poledna, Yuri and Duthon, Pierre and Ben-Daoued, Amine and Funk Drechsler, Maikol and Donzella, Valentina}, title = {Creation of digital models for accelerated and reliable testing of automated systems in adverse weather}, pages = {1320705}, booktitle = {Autonomous Systems for Security and Defence}, editor = {Dijk, Judith and Sanchez-Lopez, Jose Luis}, publisher = {SPIE}, address = {Bellingham}, isbn = {978-1-5106-8123-1}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3031473}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hutzelmann2024, author = {Hutzelmann, Thomas}, title = {A Holistic Methodology for Quality Assessment of Intrusion Detection Systems}, publisher = {Technische Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, pages = {B, xii, 165}, school = {Technische Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PolednaFunkDrechslerDonzellaetal.2024, author = {Poledna, Yuri and Funk Drechsler, Maikol and Donzella, Valentina and Chan, Pak Hung and Duthon, Pierre and Huber, Werner}, title = {REHEARSE: adveRse wEatHEr datAset for sensoRy noiSe modEls}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3503-4881-1}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/IV55156.2024.10588491}, pages = {2451 -- 2457}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{CostadeAraujoBaluReichmannetal.2024, author = {Costa de Araujo, Jo{\~a}o Paulo and Balu, Balahari Vignesh and Reichmann, Eik and Kelly, Jessica and Kugele, Stefan and Mata, N{\´u}ria and Grunske, Lars}, title = {Applying Concept-Based Models for Enhanced Safety Argumentation}, booktitle = {Proceedings: 2024 IEEE 35th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE 2024)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Los Alamitos}, isbn = {979-8-3503-5388-4}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSRE62328.2024.00034}, pages = {272 -- 283}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MohdKreinerSchmidetal.2024, author = {Mohd, Zubair Akhtar and Kreiner, Christian and Schmid, Maximilian and Zippelius, Andreas and Tetzlaff, Ulrich and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN) Based Validation Framework for FEA Post Processing to Improve SAC Solder Reliability Analysis}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE 10th Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC), Proceedings}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3503-9036-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC60143.2024.10712023}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchwanSchmidElger2024, author = {Schwan, Hannes and Schmid, Maximilian and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Layer Resolved Thermal Impedance Measurement with Laser Stimulated Transient Thermal Analysis of Semiconductor Modules}, booktitle = {THERMINIC 2024: Proceedings of 2024, 30th International Workshop on Thermal Investigations of ICs and Systems}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {979-8-3503-8782-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/THERMINIC62015.2024.10732233}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @article{MohdSchmidZippeliusetal.2024, author = {Mohd, Zubair Akhtar and Schmid, Maximilian and Zippelius, Andreas and Elger, Gordon}, title = {Solder joint lifetime model using AI framework operating on FEA data}, volume = {2025}, pages = {109032}, journal = {Engineering Failure Analysis}, number = {167, Part B}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1350-6307}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.109032}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The thermo-mechanical reliability of electronic systems is often limited by the crack growth within the solder joints. Addressing this issue requires careful consideration of the design of the package and solder pads. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is widely used to predict crack growth and to model their lifetime. Traditionally, FEA post-processing methods rely on human expertise to select appropriate regions for evaluating plastic and creep strain at critical locations and correlating these values with experimental data using the Coffin-Manson equation, which predicts fatigue lifetime based on cyclic plastic strain. This study introduces a novel method for FEA post-processing of surface-mounted devices (SMD) on printed circuit boards (PCB) using artificial intelligence. The method transforms the FEA data into a 2D grid map of creep strain values and employs a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for automatic feature extraction. Afterwards, a fully connected layer correlates the extracted features with the experimental measured solder joint lifetime, effectively capturing nonlinear relationships. The study focuses on the development of the concept of crack formation in the solder interconnects of ceramic based high-power LED packages used in the automotive industry for headlights. The validated FEA model is based on an extensive data set of 1800 LED packages including seven different ceramic-based LED packages and five different solders. The design of the ceramic LED package covers two-pad and three-pad footprint for soldering and thin film and thick film metallized ceramic carriers. Results show a strong agreement (R2 Score is 99.867 \%) between simulations and experimental data for ceramic LED packages. This automatic feature extraction from FEA data sets a new benchmark for improving solder reliability predictions, and it has proved to be better than established methods for lifetime prediction of solder joints.}, language = {en} } @article{GottwaltKubaschinskiWaltzetal.2024, author = {Gottwalt, Albin and Kubaschinski, Paul and Waltz, Manuela and Tetzlaff, Ulrich}, title = {Influence of Subsequent Heat Treatment on Fatigue Behavior of Shear-Cut Electrical Steel Sheets}, volume = {3}, journal = {Alloys}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2674-063X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys3040017}, pages = {281 -- 294}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The fatigue behavior of a fully processed, non-oriented electrical steel sheet is investigated in dependence on shear-cutting parameters and a subsequent heat treatment. For this, stress-controlled fatigue tests are performed before and after annealing at 700 °C for a total of six different shear-cutting settings. For all parameters, the fatigue strength of shear-cut sheets is improved by the heat treatment. This is due to reduction in a large part of the strain hardening region as well as the reduction in tensile residual stresses. Both were introduced during shear cutting and act detrimental to the fatigue strength. However, the intensity of this improvement depends on the shear-cutting parameters. This is related to the corresponding edge surfaces characteristically being formed during shear cutting. Specimens cut with a worn cutting tool show a more pronounced increase in fatigue life. In contrast, specimens produced with a sharp-edged cutting tool and high cutting clearance hardly benefit from the heat treatment. This appears to be caused by differences in surface topography, in particular coarse topographical damage in the form of grain breakouts. If these occur during shear cutting, the crack formation is not significantly delayed by additional annealing.}, language = {en} }